AMA Now Recognizes Medical Marijuana
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Actors and Incentives in Cannabis Policy Change: an Interdisciplinary Approach to Legalization Processes in the United States and in Uruguay
1 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTITUTO DE RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS Fernanda Mena Actors and incentives in cannabis policy change: an interdisciplinary approach to legalization processes in the United States and in Uruguay São Paulo 2020 FERNANDA MELLO MENA 2 Actors and incentives in cannabis policy change: an interdisciplinary approach to legalization processes in the United States and in Uruguay Original Version Ph.D. Thesis presented to the Graduate Program in International Relations at the International Relations Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, to obtain the degree of Doctor in Science. Advisor: Prof. Dr. Leandro Piquet Carneiro São Paulo 2020 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. 3 Catalogação na Publicação* Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Universidade de São Paulo Mena, Fernanda Actors and incentives in cannabis policy change: an interdisciplinary approach to legalization processes in the United States and in Uruguay / Fernanda Mello Mena -- Orientador Leandro Piquet Carneiro. São Paulo: 2020. 195p. Tese (doutorado). Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Relações Internacionais. 1. Relações exteriores (História) – Brasil 2. Relações internacionais (História) - Brasil 3. Política externa – Brasil I. Mena, Fernanda II. Actors and incentives in cannabis policy change: an interdisciplinary approach to legalization processes in the United States and in Uruguay CDD 327.81 4 MENA, Fernanda Actors and incentives in cannabis policy change: an interdisciplinary approach to legalization processes in the United States and in Uruguay Ph. D. Thesis presented to the International Relations Institute, at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, to obtain the degree of Doctor in Science. -
Program Book
www.AmericansForSafeAccess.org Thank You to our 2021 Unity Sponsors! Media Sponsor Welcome to Unity 2021! It is hard to believe that this is the second virtual Unity conference due to the Covid pandemic. While there is so much to be thankful for, I am definitely missing my ASA family. But in 2022 when we gather in DC it will be our 10th Unity Conference and we will be celebrating ASA’s 20th anniversary and hopefully, the passage of comprehensive Federal legislation! This year’s Unity Conference theme is inspired by ASA’s “No Patient Left Behind” campaign, which advocates for the millions of Americans that can not find safe access even in states with medical and adult use programs and those who can not live their life to the fullest until Federal laws change. Federal employees, contractors and grantees, veterans, those living in federal housing represent millions of Americans that no matter where they live, without a change in federal law, medical cannabis is not an option. For millions more the cost is a barrier that will not be overcome until cannabis is a federally recognized medicine. Inadequacies in state laws regarding access at schools, nursing homes and hospices, and reciprocity all keep medical cannabis patients from leading the lives that want to have or make them choose between their health and seeing loved ones, traveling or attending school. We must all take action to ensure that no patient is left behind. While 44 countries around the world have federally legalized medical cannabis, the United States continues to fall far behind. -
100Fires Books PO Box 27 Arcata, CA 95518 180-Movement for Democracy and Education PO Box 251701 Little Rock
100Fires Books PO Box 27 Arcata, CA 95518 www.100fires.com 180Movement for Democracy and Education PO Box 251701 Little Rock, AR 72225 USA Phone: (501) 2442439 Fax: (501) 3743935 [email protected] www.corporations.org/democracy/ 1990 Trust Suite 12 Winchester House 9 Cranmer Road London SW9 6EJ UK Phone: 020 7582 1990 Fax: 0870 127 7657 www.blink.org.uk [email protected] 20/20 Vision Jim Wyerman, Executive Director 1828 Jefferson Place NW Washington, DC 20036 Phone: (202) 8332020 Fax: (202) 8335307 www.2020vision.org [email protected] 2030 Center 1025 Connecticut Avenue NW Suite 205 Washington, DC 20036 Phone: (877) 2030ORG Fax: (202) 9555606 www.2030.org [email protected] 21st Century Democrats 1311 L Street, NW Suite 300 Washington, DC 20005 Phone: (202) 6265620 Fax: (202) 3470956 www.21stDems.org [email protected] 4H 7100 Connecticut Avenue Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Phone: (301) 9612983 Fax: (301) 9612894 www.fourhcouncil.edu 50 Years is Not Enough 3628 12th Street NE Washington, DC 20017 Phone: 202IMFBANK www.50years.org [email protected] 911 Media Arts Center Fidelma McGinn, Executive Director 117 Yale Avenue N. Seattle, WA 98109 Phone: (206) 6826552 Fax: (206) 6827422 www.911media.org [email protected] AInfos Radio Project www.radio4all.net AZone 2129 N. Milwaukee Avenuue Chicago, IL 60647 Phone: (312) 4943455 www.azone.org [email protected] A.J. Muste Memorial Institite 339 Lafayette Street New York, NY 10012 Phone: (212) 5334335 www.ajmuste.org [email protected] ABC No Rio 156 Rivington Street New York, NY 100022411 Phone: -
Building a 21St Century Approach to Drugs
Briefing | January 2018 Building a 21st century approach to drugs The ’war on drugs’ is collapsing. Now let’s build the alternative. The ‘war on drugs’ was built on shaky Building a new drug policy foundations. Now, countries around the world from Canada, to Uruguay, Portugal architecture and many US states are beginning to This new approach will ensure that rather than dismantle it piece by piece. Its collapse is penalising or criminalising people involved in the drug good news for people and communities trade, we recognise that it is often injustice, inequality around the world, providing us with the and vulnerability that drives them to engage in that opportunity to build a new approach to trade in the first place, whether that is as consumers, producers or suppliers. Rather than compounding drugs that prioritises, promotes and problems like poverty, powerlessness and stigma with a protects human health and well-being. hard-line prohibitionist approach, which has failed on its This shift, from a criminal justice approach own terms, we must aim to approach drug policy in a to health-based policy making, is essential way that works to address these drivers of engagement if we want to take drug policy into the with the drug trade, and at the same time makes 21st century. It is time for the UK to catch engaging in that trade as harm-free as possible. If we do up, and develop and promote appropriate, this effectively we have the chance to develop and build a whole new paradigm to replace the ‘war on drugs.’ evidence-based, and sustainable alternatives both in the UK and globally. -
Cannabis Mobile Apps: a Content Analysis
JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH Ramo et al Original Paper Cannabis Mobile Apps: A Content Analysis Danielle E Ramo1, PhD; Lucy Popova2, PhD; Rachel Grana2, MPH, PhD; Shirley Zhao1, BA; Kathryn Chavez1, BA 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States 2Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Corresponding Author: Danielle E Ramo, PhD Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Francisco 401 Parnassus Avenue Box TRC 0984 San Francisco, CA, 94143 United States Phone: 1 415 476 7695 Fax: 1 415 476 7053 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Mobile technology is pervasive and widely used to obtain information about drugs such as cannabis, especially in a climate of rapidly changing cannabis policy; yet the content of available cannabis apps is largely unknown. Understanding the resources available to those searching for cannabis apps will clarify how this technology is being used to reflect and influence cannabis use behavior. Objective: We investigated the content of 59 cannabis-related mobile apps for Apple and Android devices as of November 26, 2014. Methods: The Apple and Google Play app stores were searched using the terms ªcannabisº and ªmarijuana.º Three trained coders classified the top 20 apps for each term and each store, using a coding guide. Apps were examined for the presence of 20 content codes derived by the researchers. Results: Total apps available for each search term were 124 for cannabis and 218 for marijuana in the Apple App Store, and 250 each for cannabis and marijuana on Google Play. -
Cannabis Festivals: Social Protest Or a Celebration of Cannabis Culture?
Cannabis festivals and their attendees in four European cities with different national cannabis policies Kostas Skliamis Bonger Institute of Criminology, University of Amsterdam ESSD 30th Annual Conference, 26 – 28 September 2019, Riga Cannabis Framework • Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide and 3.8% of the global population used cannabis at least once in 2017. • In EU, 87.6 million adults have used cannabis at least once in their lifetime. • In EU, 24 million people used cannabis in the last year. • Around 1 % of European adults are daily or almost daily cannabis users. Around three quarters are male. • Despite its broad use, cannabis remains prohibited under the UN drug control conventions. • In the European Union, there is no harmonized law on cannabis use. The criminal or administrative response to drug use offenses is the responsibility of EU Member States, not of the European Union. • Therefore, national cannabis policies differ significantly across the EU, from liberal to restrictive prohibitionist approaches. 4 capital cities in Europe Cannabis Festivals Cannabis festivals can be understood as a representation of the wider social phenomenon of festivals and events Political or cultural events against cannabis prohibition Commercial fairs (Cannabis Expositions) “Cannabis festivals are social gatherings organized by civic societies movements, where people congregate to oppose cannabis prohibition, advocate cannabis law reform and celebrate cannabis culture” (Skliamis & Korf, 2019) AIMS 1. Contextualize the aims / characteristics of cannabis festivals; 2. Assess characteristics of participants; 3. Identify reasons to attend cannabis festivals; 4. Explore to which extent cannabis festivals contribute to the social acceptance of cannabis; Research Methods 1. -
Razor Wire Summer 2006
Working to end drug war injustice! Vol. 9 No. 1 Razor Wire Summer 2006 CONTENTS: • Director’s Message — Page 2 • Prison Commission Releases Final Report: Confronting Confinement — Page 3 • Convict Nation, by Silja J. A. Talvi — Page 4 • Eye On Congress — Pages 6, 14 • Five Grams of Coke: Racism, Moralism and White Public Opinion on Sanctions for First Time Possession — Page 7 • NFL Legend Carl Banks Supports Children Of Incarcerated Parents — Page 10 • NASCAR Team Promotes Federal Parole — Page 10 • The WALL: Cynthia Clark — Page 11 • Law Library — Page 12 • Editorial: We Were Hijacked — Page 13 • Battle Over California’s Proposition 36 To Head To Court — Page 15 • More Local Scenes — Pages 16-17 • In The News — Pages 18-19 • I Got Published! — Page 20 • Mail Call — Page 21 • Upcoming Events — Page 22 • US Voters Support Prisoner Rehabilitation — Page 22 • November Coalition History: 1998 to 2000 — Page 23 • Soap And Sentencing — Page 24 • Friends Of November Coalition Running For Office — Page 25 • The WALL: Penny Spence — Page 27 • Editor’s Notes — Page 28 • Editorial: Government Informers — Page 29 • A Message From Leonard Peltier — Page 29 • Let’s Miss This Golden Opportunity — Page 30 • Other Grassroots Groups — Page 32 Architects / Designers / Planners for Social Responsibility — pages 8-9 November Coalition - The Razor Wire www.november.org PAGE 1 A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR WE CAN STOP BLAMING OURSELVES FOR PROBLEMS WE DIDN’T CREATE, AND CHALLENGE THE IMPOSED SYSTEM THAT By Nora Callahan, Executive Director GIVES POWER TO MULTI-BILLION- DOLLAR CORPORATIONS, A SYSTEM THAT DISMISSES ORDINARY PEOPLE WHO ASK FOR IMMEDIATE CHANGES OF COURSE AND, IF NOT FOR US NOW, OUR It’s Not Your Fault CHILDREN’S FUTURE. -
October 18, 2016 the Honorable Tom Reed U.S
October 18, 2016 The Honorable Tom Reed U.S. House of Representatives 2437 Rayburn House Office Building Washington, DC 20515 cc: Speaker Paul Ryan, Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, Rep. Bob Goodlatte, Rep. John Conyers. RE: Opposition to H.R. 6158, the HELP Act of 2016 Dear Rep. Reed, On behalf of a coalition of groups working toward criminal justice reform, we write to respectfully express our opposition to your bill, H.R. 6158, the HELP Act of 2016. H.R. 6158 would expose individuals caught selling fentanyl or a substance containing fentanyl to mandatory life without parole or death penalty sentences. Such an approach would be a dramatic step in the wrong direction at a time when there is a bipartisan movement aimed at rolling back the harsh drug sentences created in 1986. H.R. 6158 would also exacerbate the opioid epidemic our country is currently undergoing. The bill is out of step with the times, science, data, and public opinion and doubles down on 30 years of ineffective drug policy, and we ask that it be revised. We are not unaware of the growing challenges around fentanyl and heroin in many communities, with an increasing number of overdose deaths attributed to the presence of fentanyl.1 But H.R. 6158 will not deter this drug’s use. Fentanyl is a synthetic, rapid-acting opiate analgesic, commonly added to heroin to increase its potency. Because fentanyl is hundreds of times more powerful than heroin,2 individuals high on the international supply chain of heroin trafficking are incentivized to strengthen a diluted product.3 The head of the DEA testified before the Senate in June 2016 that fentanyl was often added high up and early in the supply chain – in China and Mexico - long before drugs enter the United States.4 By the time the drugs make it to American streets and homes, street-level sellers and their buyers are unaware of the makeup of their product and its potency.5 H.R. -
Who's Really in Prison for Marijuana?
Drug legalizers want you to believe a lie— that our prisons are filled with marijuana smokers. In fact, the vast majority of drug prisoners are violent criminals, repeat offenders, traffickers, or all of the above. OFFICE OF NATIONAL DR UG CONTROL POLIC Y Who’s Really in Prison for Marijuana? Drug legalizers want you to believe a lie— that our prisons are filled with marijuana smokers. In fact, the vast majority of drug prisoners are violent criminals, repeat offenders, traffickers, or all of the above. OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) extends special thanks to the following individuals and organizations for their help in researching and reviewing this booklet. Without their valuable insights and patient guidance, this project would not have been possible: Allen Beck, Christopher Mumola, and Matthew Durose, Bureau of Justice Statistics; Gregory Mitchell and Wes Clark, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration; Louis Reedt and Christine Kitchens, U.S. Sentencing Commission; Wayne Raabe, Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice; Donna Eide, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of Indiana; Randall Hensel, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Pensacola, Florida; Patricia White and Tourine Phillips, National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges; Alec Christoff, National Drug Court Institute; Debra Whitcomb, American Prosecutors Research Institute; Joe Weedon, American Correctional Association; Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, RAND; Jonathan P. Caulkins, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy & Management, Carnegie Mellon University; Jamie Chriqui and Joanna King, The MayaTech Corporation; and Jeffrey Robinson, writer. WHO’S RE AL LY IN PRISON FOR MARIJUANA? 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD . -
Marijuana Venture
WWW.MARIJUANAVENTURE.COM VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 M A R I J U A N A THEVENTURE JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL CANNABIS GROWERS AND RETAILERS THE NEW LOOK OF MARIJUANA CHANGING INDUSTRY STEREOTYPES GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY What you need to know before buying your grow facility SAVING THE LIFEBLOOD Water is becoming a precious commodity for cannabis growers JUNE 2015 $6.99 THE CASH-ONLY INDUSTRY Companies rush to fill banking void A MESSAGE FROM THE PUBLISHER When it comes to weed, what’s in a name or look? Medicinal products obviously shouldn’t be named ‘crack’ re we crazy to Aput a couple of THE LEGAL good-looking business people with a red Fer- MARIJUANA rari on the front cover BUSINESS IS READY of a marijuana maga- zine? Maybe ... if we TO LOOK AND ACT PUBLISHER buy into the traditional view that our audience should be — or is LIKE IT’S A REAL GREG JAMES — made up of counterculture folks who de- [email protected] cry yuppie toys and symbols of self-indul- BUSINESS. EDITOR gent excess. On the other hand, maybe we GARRETT RUDOLPH do, you’ll find enough contradictory infor- at Marijuana Venture just think it’s time to [email protected] go full-bore into accepting the simple fact mation to make you more confused than a that most people entering the legal, recre- homeless person on house arrest! For ex- SALES MANAGER ational marijuana business are really doing ample, OG Kush is said to treat headaches, LISA SMITH it because they want to make money, and but then just below the ailments it treats, [email protected] don’t have a problem admitting it. -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Zenia K. Gilg, Sbn 171922 Heather L. Burke, Sbn 27037
Case 2:11-cr-00449-KJM Document 311 Filed 06/20/14 Page 1 of 16 1 ZENIA K. GILG, SBN 171922 HEATHER L. BURKE, SBN 270379 2 809 Montgomery Street, 2nd Floor San Francisco CA 94133 3 Telephone: 415/394-3800 Facsimile: 415/394-3806 4 Attorneys for Defendant 5 BRIAN PICKARD 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Case No. 2:11-CR-00449-KJM-16 11 Plaintiff, DIRECT EXAMINATION OF CHRISTOPHER CONRAD 12 v. 13 BRIAN PICKARD, 14 Defendant. _______________________________________ 15 16 I, CHRISTOPHER CONRAD, declare as follows: 17 I have qualified as an expert witness on marijuana related issues such as cultivation, 18 consumption, genetics, cloning, crop yields, medical use, recreational use, commercial sales, and 19 medical distribution in at least 28 Counties in California, as well as in the states of Colorado, 20 Oklahoma, Oregon, North Dakota, Maryland and the Commonwealth of Virginia. In addition, I 21 have qualified as an expert in all the California District Courts, the District Court for the Middle 22 District of Louisiana, and in Germany at a U.S. Courts Martial. 23 My experience includes the legal cultivation and processing of cannabis in Holland and 24 Switzerland, in accordance with national laws. In addition, I have been asked to consult with 25 government agencies instituting medical marijuana laws, and have testified before the National 26 Academy of Science, Institute of Medicine, and presented my findings at the Fifth Conference on 27 Cannabis Therapeutics, and the Biannual California Association of Toxicologists Conference. -
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT of SOUTH AFRICA Case CCT 108/17
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA Case CCT 108/17 In the matter between: MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT First Applicant MINISTER OF POLICE Second Applicant MINISTER OF HEALTH Third Applicant MINISTER OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY Fourth Applicant NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS Fifth Applicant and GARRETH PRINCE Respondent and KATHLEEN (“MYRTLE”) CLARKE First Intervening Party JULIAN CHRISTOPHER STOBBS Second Intervening Party CLIFFORD ALAN NEALE THORPE Third Intervening Party and DOCTORS FOR LIFE INTERNATIONAL INC Amicus Curiae In the matter between: NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS First Applicant MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Second Applicant MINISTER OF HEALTH Third Applicant MINISTER OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Fourth Applicant MINISTER OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND COOPERATION Fifth Applicant MINISTER OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY Sixth Applicant MINISTER OF POLICE Seventh Applicant and JONATHAN DAVID RUBIN Respondent In the matter between: NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS First Applicant MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Second Applicant MINISTER OF HEALTH Third Applicant MINISTER OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Fourth Applicant MINISTER OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND COOPERATION Fifth Applicant MINISTER OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY Sixth Applicant MINISTER OF POLICE Seventh Applicant and JEREMY DAVID ACTON First Respondent RAS MENELEK BAREND WENTZEL Second Respondent CARO LEONA HENNEGIN Third Respondent Neutral citation: Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and Others