Dangar Falls Reserve Plan of Management DRAFT

Prepared for: Bellingen Shire Council as Trust Manager of the North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust

Prepared by: GeoLINK PO Box 1446 Coffs Harbour NSW 2450 T 02 6651 7666

PO Box 119 Lennox Head NSW 2478 T 02 6687 7666

[email protected]

DRAFT Plan of Management Part A Dangar Falls Reserve North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust

UPR Description Date Issued Issued By 2162-1005 Draft Plan of Management 28/02/2013 Simon Waterworth 2162-1013 Draft Plan of Management Issue 2 12/03/2013 Simon Waterworth 2162-1014 Draft Plan of Management Issue 3 07/05/2013 Simon Waterworth 2162-1014 Draft Plan of Management Issue 4 16/05/2013 Simon Waterworth

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Location ...... 1 1.3 Land Status ...... 2 1.4 Methodology and Consultation...... 6 1.5 Crown Reserve Trust Management ...... 6

2. Planning Framework 7

3. Existing Use and Facilities 11 3.1 Existing Use ...... 11 3.2 Existing Facilities and Management Practices ...... 11

4. The Natural Environment 14 4.1 Geology, Topography and Hydrology ...... 14 4.2 Climate ...... 15 4.3 Flora ...... 15 4.3.1 Vegetation Communities ...... 15 4.3.2 Weeds ...... 20 4.4 Fauna: Significant Species ...... 21 4.4.1 Existing Environment ...... 21

5. The Cultural and Social Environment 22 5.1 History ...... 22 5.1.1 Indigenous History on the Dorrigo Plateau ...... 22 5.1.2 European Settlement of the Dorrigo Plateau ...... 22 5.1.3 Dangar Falls Reserve ...... 23 5.2 Community, Social and Tourism Values ...... 24

6. Management Issues and Challenges 25 6.1 The Trust ...... 25 6.1.1 Key Issues ...... 25 6.2 Governance ...... 25 6.2.1 Key Issues ...... 25 6.3 Funding ...... 25 6.3.1 Key Issues ...... 26

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6.4 Use of Crown Land ...... 26 6.4.1 Key Issues ...... 26 6.5 Safety and Ongoing Maintenance ...... 26 6.5.1 Key Issues ...... 26 6.6 Natural Resource Management ...... 27 6.6.1 Key Issues ...... 27 Fauna 28 6.7 Heritage and Cultural Aspects ...... 28 6.7.1 Management Issues ...... 28

Illustrations Illustration 1.1 Site Locality...... 3

Illustration 1.2 Aerial Photo ...... 4

Illustration 1.3 Regional Context ...... 5

Illustration 2.1 Bellingen LEP 2010 ...... 10

Tables Table 4.1 Climate Data for Dorrigo (Old Coramba Rd – 1997 to 2012) ...... 15

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Plates Plate 1.1 View of Reserve from Coramba Road ...... 2

Plate 1.2 Existing facilities within Reserve ...... 2

Plate 1.3 View of Dangar Falls ...... 2

Plate 3.1 Bitumen access road with turnaround area...... 12

Plate 3.2 Informal gravel carpark ...... 12

Plate 3.3 Grassed overflow carparking ...... 12

Plate 3.4 Walking tracks of mixed construction ...... 12

Plate 3.5 Timber boardwalks ...... 13

Plate 3.6 Warning and safety signage ...... 13

Plate 3.7 Children’s playground ...... 13

Plate 3.8 Fencing and bollards ...... 13

Plate 4.1 Bielsdown River view from Reserve ...... 14

Plate 4.2 View of Falls ...... 14

Plate 4.3 Cool Temperate Rainforest ...... 17

Plate 4.4 Ribbon Gum Open Forest ...... 18

Plate 4.5 Port Jackson Pine Woodland ...... 19

Appendices A Meeting Notes for Community Workshop

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Executive Summary

This plan of management covers the Crown land known as the Dangar Falls Reserve (the Reserve) which is located on the Bielsdown River north of Dorrigo in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales. The North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust is charged with the care, control and management of the Reserve. Bellingen Shire Council is the Corporate Manger of the Trust. The Crown reserve system makes a significant contribution to the region’s biodiversity, recreation and tourism values and contributes significantly to the character of the many communities across the Mid North Coast Region.

The Reserve is particularly important to the Dorrigo Community because of its cultural, social, tourism and ecological attributes and as such is very well utilised by residents and visitors. The Reserve is a 12.14 hectare parcel of land located approximately 1 km north of the Dorrigo Township and is within the Bellingen Shire Local Government area. It is dissected by the Bielsdown River and contains the visually striking Dangar Falls, which are the main attraction of the Reserve. Another key feature is the unique vegetation that exists within the Reserve, which includes a small Antarctic Beech Forest and a Port Jackson Pine Forest.

The aim of this plan is to set out a clear strategic direction for the Reserve and to provide a rational and accountable management framework for its future use, conservation and rehabilitation and sustainable development. It has been prepared in accordance with the Crown Lands Act 1989 and other relevant legislation and policies applying to Crown Reserve Management. Once adopted by the Minister, the plan of management is a legal instrument that sets out how the reserve will be managed in the years ahead.

Dangar Falls Reserve notified purpose of “public recreation” does not completely encompass the total range of uses within the Reserve such as environmental protection and its increasing tourism values. Therefore the plan recommends that the scope of the declared purpose of the dedication be expanded to allow multiple uses such as recreation, environmental protection and tourist facilities and services. In order to address any inconsistency with existing and potential future uses and the declared purpose, this plan seeks to formally endorse “environmental protection” and “tourist facilities and services” as compatible and acceptable additional purposes pursuant to Section 112 of the Crown Lands Act 1989.

There is an existing plan of management that covers the Reserve which was adopted by the Minister under the Crown Lands Act on 8 January 1999. This new plan of management is proposed as a review of the previous plan. Bellingen Shire Council, as Corporate Manager of the Trust, has resolved to revise and update the existing plan because: . the plan is now 14 years old and has not been reviewed since it was approved by the Minister; . Bellingen Shire Council is keen to invest in the Reserve to undertake proactive and innovative improvements through its Environmental Levy and other external sources of funding; and . there is a strong desire from the Dorrigo community to undertake improvements to the Reserve to broaden its appeal to visitors and residents.

Extensive consultation with the Dorrigo community indicates that the Reserve is highly valued and well utilised. The consultation also indicates there is significant potential to improve recreation and tourism facilities for users and to strengthen conservation measures within the Reserve.

This plan of management (PoM) has been prepared to ensure the Reserve is suitably managed for the protection of environmental, cultural and recreation features of the Reserve for current and future generations.

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Definitions

Additional in relation to a reserve, means any purpose that is additional to: purpose a) the declared purpose of the reserve, or b) any purpose authorised by the Minister under section 121A of the Crown Lands Act, 1989 in relation to the reserve. Council Bellingen Shire Council Management principles The general principles that form the basis upon which land use and management decisions are made to achieve management objectives. Declared purpose In relation to land comprising a reserve, means the public purpose for which the land has been dedicated or reserved under Part 5 of the Crown Lands Act 1989, and includes any purpose or use permitted under, or in connection with, the declared purpose. The Minister The Minister of NSW who administers the Crown Lands Act 1989. Aims Statement indicating what is to be achieved in fulfilling the Management Principles. plan of management A statutory document prepared under Sections 112-116 of the Crown Lands Act, 1989 and adopted by the Minister for Lands, outlining the role of a Crown reserve and providing guidance on the administration, use, development and management of the land. Recreation A wide range of active or passive activities undertaken either individually or as a group for pleasure, health, renewal and relaxation. Reserve Land dedicated or reserved under Part 5 - Crown Lands Act 1989. Reserve Trust A corporation constituted under Part 5 - Crown Lands Act, 1989 and appointed by the Minister to manage a Crown reserve. Sustainable Being able to carry out activities without damaging the long term health and integrity of natural and cultural environments. Vision A broad statement of intent to focus activities and establish objectives and common direction - a custodial or stewardship commitment to future generations.

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Plan Structure

This plan of management is presented in two parts:

Part A sets out the basis for management including land status, administrative requirements, documentation and assessment of Crown reserve values, analysis of the issues and management challenges facing the North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust.

Part B provides a best practice management framework and mechanisms to achieve the vision and objectives determined by the Trust for North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve.

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1 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Dangar Falls Reserve (the Reserve) is located in the picturesque rural setting of Dorrigo, within the Bellingen Shire Local Government Area (LGA). The Reserve is located on Coramba Road and is used as a place of passive recreation, including picnicking, swimming, fishing, bushwalking, bird watching, relaxation and photography. The Reserve contains a number of key scenic landmark features, including Dangar Falls, Bielsdown River, stands of Antarctic Beech and Port Jackson Cyprus and rural vistas. Scattered throughout the Reserve is open parkland with a small number of facilities, including walking tracks, boardwalks, viewing platforms, seating, picnic tables, an electric barbeque and shelter, toilet block, rubbish bins, children’s play equipment and carpark.

The Reserve is under the care, control and management of the North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust of which Bellingen Shire Council has been appointed as the Reserve Trust Manager. There is an existing plan of management (PoM) that covers the site, prepared by Bellingen Shire Council in 1998 and adopted by the Minister under the Crown Lands Act 1989 on the 8 January 1999. Bellingen Shire Council, as Corporate Manager of the Trust has resolved to revise and update the existing plan because: . the plan is now 14 years old and has not been reviewed since it was approved by the Minister; . Bellingen Shire Council is keen to invest in the Reserve to undertake proactive and innovative improvements in the reserve, through its Environmental Levy; and . there is a strong desire from the Dorrigo community to undertake improvements to the Reserve to broaden its appeal to visitors and residents.

The new plan has drawn on various components of the previous plan in terms of the overall strategic framework for the reserve, historical background and values of the Reserve. The new plan also has also updated components of the previous plan that have become obsolete since its adoption.

This PoM aims to provide direction for the future management of the Dangar Falls Reserve for the next 10 years. To achieve this, an integrated approach is proposed, to manage the impacts of visitors and users of the Reserve and their interactions with the local environment. The recommended approach includes education, vegetation/environmental management and additional capital works.

1.2 Location Dangar Falls Reserve is located on Coramba Road, approximately 1 km directly north of the town of Dorrigo, within the Bellingen Shire Council LGA. The Reserve is bound by Coramba Road to the west, Dangar Falls Lodge Tourist Facility to the north and farmland to the east and south.

The locality of the Reserve is shown in Illustration 1.1. Illustration 1.2 shows an aerial photograph of the Reserve. Illustration 1.2 shows the regional context of the Reserve. Plates 1.1 – 1.3 show some indicative images of the reserve.

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Plate 1.1 View of Reserve from Coramba Road Plate 1.2 Existing facilities within Reserve

Plate 1.3 View of Dangar Falls

1.3 Land Status Dangar Falls Reserve is Crown land comprising Reserve 19416 for Public Recreation notified 20 January 1894.

The Land is described as Lot 7004 DP 1052130 and has an area of 12.14 Ha

Bellingen Shire Council is the appointed corporate manager of the North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust that is charged with care, control and management of the reserve.

All available records indicate there is no road reserve covering the Coramba Road formation on the western boundary of the reserve.

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Drawn by: RE Checked by: MVE Reviewed by: SJW Date: May 2013 Information shown is for illustrative purposes only Source of base data: Topographic Map NSW

Glenreagh

Coffs Harbour Dangar Falls

Dorrigo

Sawtell

Bellingen

Urunga

Bowraville Nambucca

06 km Regional Context

North Plan of Management - Dangar Falls Reserve Illustration 1.3 2162-1002

1.4 Methodology and Consultation The concept plan and initiatives contained within this plan have been developed following consultation including: . meetings and liaison with relevant staff of Bellingen Shire Council/Corporate Manager of the Reserve Trust; . inspections of the Reserve and facilities; . meeting with the Dorrigo Plateau Aboriginal Land Council; . a community meeting targeting interested residents and representatives of various community groups; . a workshop with Bellingen Shire Councillors and senior staff; and . consultation with Crown Lands Staff.

Council held a public workshop at the Dorrigo Country Women’s Association Hall on 29 January 2013. The meeting was advertised and key stakeholders were invited to attend and participate in the workshop. The objectives of the workshop were to: . commence the community consultation process for the project; . provide an outline of the PoM process; . obtain feedback from the community on the potential social, environmental, technical and economic issues with the existing Reserve; . obtain ideas and concepts for future improvements to the Reserve; and . initiate lines of communications and contacts for the project.

The outcomes of the meeting are provided in the Meeting Notes for the workshop which are attached as Appendix A.

Participants of the first community workshop were invited to comment on a preliminary draft version of Actions and Priorities which will be included within the plan of management. No comments were received by Council.

The draft plan of management is required to be exhibited for at least 28 days and notified in the Government Gazette and a newspaper with local or State circulation, to give people the opportunity to submit their views on its form and content.

1.5 Crown Reserve Trust Management North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust is currently managed by Bellingen Shire Council which is required to administer the affairs of the Trust in a transparent and accountable manner and is responsible for all aspects of reserve management. As such, it is incumbent on the Trust to implement the adopted plan of management. The Trust must also furnish a report on its activities to the Minister each year pursuant to Section 32 – Crown Lands Regulation 2006.

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2 2. Planning Framework

This plan of management has been prepared in accordance with Section 112 - Crown Lands Act 1989 and all other relevant legislation and policies applying to Crown reserve management. Once adopted by the Minister the plan of management is a legal instrument that documents how the reserve is to be managed in the years ahead. 2.1 Crown Lands Act 1989 The objects of the Crown Lands Act 1989 are to ensure that Crown land is managed for the benefit of the people of New South Wales and in particular to provide for: . a proper assessment of Crown land; . the management of Crown land having regard to the Principles of Crown Land Management; . the proper development and conservation of Crown land having regard to those principles; . the regulation of the conditions under which Crown land is permitted to be occupied, used, sold, leased, licensed or otherwise dealt with; . the reservation or dedication of Crown land for public purposes and the management and use of the reserved or dedicated land; and . the collection, recording, and dissemination of information in relation to Crown land.

Crown Reserves are managed in accordance with the Principles of Crown Land Management (Section 11 CLA): . that environmental protection principles be observed in relation to the management and administration of Crown land; . that the natural resources of Crown land (including water, soil, flora, fauna and scenic quality) be conserved wherever possible; . that public use and enjoyment of appropriate Crown land should be encouraged; . that, where appropriate, multiple use of Crown land should be encouraged; . that, where appropriate, Crown land should be used and managed in such a way that both the land and its resources are sustained in perpetuity; and . that Crown land be occupied, used, sold, leased, licensed, or otherwise dealt with in the best interests of the State consistent with the above principles.

A Reserve Trust is set up under Part 5 of the Act with responsibility for the care, control and management of a Crown reserve. A Trust is a legal entity in its own right however it cannot operate without having somebody appointed to manage its affairs. Bellingen Shire Council is appointed to manage the affairs of the North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust

2.2 Crown Lands Legislation Amendment Act 2005 The Act commenced in July 2005 and introduced a number of changes to the way in which Crown reserves are managed. For example, under the changes a reserve may be authorised to be used for a purpose, which is additional to the purpose for which the land was reserved or dedicated, if the new purpose is generally compatible with the existing purpose, consistent with the principles of Crown land management and in the public interest. Additional uses can be authorised by an adopted plan of management or by order of the Minister.

The declared purpose of the Dangar Falls Reserve is for public recreation. This plan of management seeks to formally expand the declared purpose to public recreation, environmental protection and tourist facilities and services. DRAFT Plan of Management PART A – Dangar Falls Reserve 7

2.3 Crown Lands Regulation 2006 The Regulation is made under the Crown Lands Act 1989 and deals with a range of matters relating to Crown reserves and reserve trusts including the purposes for which temporary licenses may be granted and the exhibition of draft Plans of Management.

In many cases the major activities or initiatives on reserves are not carried out by the Trust itself and a suitable tenure is required to enable a third party to carry out the activity. Where appropriate a Trust can enter into leases and licences with parties who wish to use all or part of a reserve on a temporary or ongoing basis.

Temporary licences (for up to one year) can be granted for certain purposes permitted under Clause 31 – Crown Lands Regulation 2006 without the consent of the Minister. Any other dealings in the land by the Trust (including commercial and non- commercial leases and licences) require the consent of the Minister and should be consistent with the notified reserve purpose.

The Minister also has power to grant interests over Crown reserves after consultation with the appointed reserve Trust (Section 34A – Crown Lands Act).

2.4 Crown Lands (General Reserves) By-Law 2006 The affairs of certain Crown reserves are covered by the Crown Lands (General Reserves) By-law 2006. The By-law is made under the Crown Lands Act 1989 and deals with a range of reserve management matters including: . procedures to be followed by reserve trusts; . administrative matters relating to trust boards; . the regulation of entry and conduct on reserves; and . the setting of fees and charges and the provision of certain services by reserve trusts.

The By-law does not currently apply to Dangar Falls Reserve. However given the nature of the Reserve with its high profile tourism values and inherent public risk issues formal application of the By-law to enable more effective regulation of activities on the reserve is proposed as part of this PoM (refer Part B).

2.5 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 The Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) provides the statutory planning framework to control the use and development of land in New South Wales. A range of planning instruments (Local and Regional Environmental Plans and State Environmental Planning Policies) need to be considered when planning the future use and development of Dangar Falls Reserve. Development relating to future uses of the reserve may require an approval pursuant to Part 4 (development consent) and 5 (environmental assessment) of the EP&A Act. Environmental impacts of any development or activity within the reserve are to be considered when assessing and approving proposals under Part 4 or 5 of the EP&A Act.

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2.6 State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 The aim of State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 (SEPP Infrastructure) is to facilitate the effective delivery of infrastructure across the State. It achieves this, in part, by identifying types of development that can be carried out ‘without consent’ and development that can be ‘exempt’.

Where development is identified as ‘exempt’, no approvals or formal environmental considerations are required and the development can be implemented.

Where development can be carried out ‘without consent’, environmental assessment must be undertaken, in accordance with Part 5 of the EP & A Act, before the development is implemented, to ensure that doing so will not result in significant environmental impacts.

Clause 65 (2) of SEPP Infrastructure states that development for any purpose may be carried out without consent on reserve trust if it is for the purposes of implementing a plan of management adopted under the Crown Lands Act for that reserve.

2.7 Bellingen Local Environmental Plan 2010 The Reserve is located within the Bellingen LGA and covered under the Bellingen Local Environmental Plan (BLEP 2010). The Reserve is zoned E3 Environmental Management (refer to Illustration 2.1). Objectives of this zoning are: . To protect, manage and restore areas with special ecological, scientific, cultural or aesthetic values. . To provide for a limited range of development that does not have an adverse effect on those values.

The following uses are permissible with consent in the E3 zone: Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Dwelling houses; Environmental facilities; Environmental protection works; Extensive agriculture; Farm buildings; Flood mitigation works; Forestry; Home businesses; Intensive plant agriculture; Research stations; Roads; Tourist and visitor accommodation; Water recreation structures; Water storage facilities.

All other uses are prohibited within the E3 zone other than Home occupations, which is permissible without consent in the E3 zone.

The provisions of SEPP Infrastructure override the Bellingen LEP provisions.

Dangar Falls is also listed as a Heritage Item in Schedule 5 of the BLEP 2010. Any works carried out under this plan will have to consider the heritage values of the reserve. These heritage values are discussed further in Section 5.

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2 3 3. Existing Use and Facilities 3.1 Existing Use

Dangar Falls Reserve is used for passive recreation by the local community, Shire residents and visitors. It has high community value due to its scenic outlook and proximity and easy access from the town of Dorrigo (approximately 1 km south of the Reserve). As a result the Reserve is very well utilised.

Activities that have occurred within the reserve include: . sightseeing; . bushwalking; . community events; . swimming; . fishing; . gatherings (family and friends); . picnicking and barbequing; . photography; . exercise; . children’s play; and . meditation, relaxation and contemplation.

3.2 Existing Facilities and Management Practices Existing infrastructure within the Reserve is mainly located in the high-use area, which is the north-west section of the site. Infrastructure includes: . bitumen access road with turnaround area (cul-de-sac) (Plate 3.1); . informal gravel carpark (Plate 3.2) with grassed overflow carparking (Plate 3.3); . walking tracks of mixed construction, including concrete, bitumen, gravel and timber boardwalks, linking the main area of the reserve down to the river (Plates 3.4 and 3.5); . timber viewing platforms; . interpretive and other warning and safety signage (Plate 3.6); . picnic tables; . seating; . brick toilet block; . children’s playground (Plate 3.7); . barbeque shelter with seating (attached to the toilet block); . fencing and bollards (Plate 3.8); and . rubbish bins.

Although some of the facilities are in good condition, much of the infrastructure is in need of maintenance, repair or replacement simply due to age.

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Management activities currently undertaken by Bellingen Shire Council at the Reserve include regular mowing across the open parts of the Reserve, emptying rubbish bins, cleaning of the toilets and maintenance of picnic tables, seating, access and carpark, paths and boardwalk, and barbeque facilities as required. Council also contracts a bush regenerator to undertake weed management throughout the Reserve.

The Reserve does not provide for camping and contains a number of ‘No Camping’ signs to advise users of this restriction. Concerns about overnight camping were raised during the first public consultation session. Although some participants suggested that legitimising this illegal camping should be considered.

Plate 3.1 Bitumen access road with turnaround Plate 3.2 Informal gravel carpark area.

Plate 3.3 Grassed overflow carparking Plate 3.4 Walking tracks of mixed construction

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Plate 3.5 Timber boardwalks Plate 3.6 Warning and safety signage

Plate 3.7 Children’s playground Plate 3.8 Fencing and bollards

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4 4. The Natural Environment 4.1 Geology, Topography and Hydrology The Reserve is located within the rolling hills, basalt-derived landscape of the Dorrigo plateau. It contains moderately deep to deep and well-drained Krasnozems (Milford 1996), with an elevation around 730 m above sea level. The Dorrigo area consists of a tract of metamorphosed fine grained sediments, which have been intruded by granite. Both granite and sediments are overlain by unknown amounts of Tertiary sediments and large quantities of Tertiary basalt. Where streams flow over the edge of the basalt, falls are common and cliffs, often of columnar basalt, are associated with the waterfalls. These give an indication of the basalt thickness however basalt debris generally obscures the underlying rocks.

The banks of Bielsdown River between the usual water level and flood level are scoured to expose a considerable portion of in-situ rock of varying degrees of soundness. Above the flood level varying thicknesses of soil and talus obscure the underlying rock. Relatively small quantities of gravel are present in parts of the streambeds, which are elsewhere swept clean. At the Bielsdown Dam site of the old Hydro- Electric Scheme, slightly upstream of Dangar Falls Reserve, rocks are all sedimentary and consist of argillite and quartzite. Slight contact metamorphism has developed new minerals in the argillite, giving it a spotted appearance at times. No bedding was observed and the rocks are closely jointed. The streambed consists mainly of rapids downstream of the dam centre link, while several large pools separated by rocky bars exist within the upstream section.

The topography of the Reserve consists of contrasting landforms, including gentle to moderate gradient sloping to the east along the boundary of the Reserve and steep escarpment of Dangar Falls and the Bielsdown River. The Bielsdown River dissects the Reserve, entering at the southern boundary and leaving the eastern boundary, eventually flowing into the Nymboida River, which ultimately flows into the Clarence River at Grafton. The spectacular falls (Plate 4.2) are the most prominent natural feature of the Reserve and are located in the centre of the site.

The Bielsdown River is subject to flooding and fast moving volumes of water during large rainfall events. The majority of the Reserve is, however, not subject to flooding given topography and elevation.

Plate 4.1 Bielsdown River view from Reserve Plate 4.2 View of Falls

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4.2 Climate Dorrigo is subject to warm and wet summers/early autumn and a cool dry winter. Indicative average recorded monthly rainfall and temperatures are provided in Table 4.1.

The mean annual rainfall from 1997 to 2012 was 2045.2 mm. Typically, most rain occurs between January and March, peaking in March (BoM 2013).

Table 4.1 Climate Data for Dorrigo (Old Coramba Rd – 1997 to 2012) Month Mean Daily Max Mean Daily Min Temp Mean Monthly Temp (°C) (°C) Rainfall (mm) January 24.0 14.8 309.0 February 23.8 15.0 288.7 March 22.3 13.3 330.1 April 19.7 10.6 144.3 May 16.9 7.2 83.9 June 14.8 5.2 139.0 July 14.3 4.4 63.3 August 16.0 4.7 102.6 September 19.3 7.7 87.4 October 20.9 9.8 117.5 November 21.6 12.1 201.5 December 23.6 13.7 169.3 Annual 19.8 9.9 2045.2 Source: BoM 2013.

4.3 Flora 4.3.1 Vegetation Communities The following vegetation descriptions are based on information contained within the previous PoM produced for the Reserve (BelSC 1998) and confirmed on a site visit undertaken on the 13 February 2013. Vegetation classification nomenclature is based on the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) BioMetric vegetation types.

The Reserve supports vegetation consisting of the following communities: . Antarctic Beech Cool Temperate Rainforest; . Ribbon Gum Open Forest; . Dorrigo White Gum Open Forest; . Port Jackson Pine Woodland; and . modified Habitats (cleared and degraded pasture and parkland).

There are also numerous environmental weeds present within the Reserve and throughout these communities with Small-leaved Privet and Japanese Honeysuckle the most prevalent.

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4.3.1.1 Antarctic Beech Cool Temperate Rainforest Extent The area occupied by this community represents a small remnant of the rainforests that occupied the Dorrigo plateau prior to clearing. This remnant has been retained because of its location on the steep slopes below Dangar Falls.

This community occurs mainly on the northern side of Bielsdown River, on the steep slopes with a southerly aspect. A smaller patch also occurs on the southern bank, within the gorge.

Species Composition Dominant tree species in the overstorey of this community consist of Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) and Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras), with lesser occurrences of Thick-leaved Laurel (Cryptocarya meisneriana) and Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) (refer to Plate 4.3). Common midstorey species include Silky Lomatia (Lomatia fraseri), Prickly Coprosma (Coprosma quadrifida) and Soft Tree-fern (Dicksonia antarctica).

Weeds such as Small-leaved Privet (Ligustrum sinense) and Wild Tobacco Bush (Solanum mauritianum) are common on the edges. The understorey species include a variety of ground ferns, as well as a number of herbs and climbing plants. Epiphyte such as Birds nest Fern (Asplenium austrascium) and Fragrant Fern (Microsorum scandens) occur in lower densities than in warmer rainforest types.

Conservation Significance The vegetation is not consistent with any endangered ecological community (EEC) listed under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) or threatened ecological communities (TEC) listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

Despite not being listed as threatened or comprising an ‘over-cleared’ vegetation community under the OEH BioMetric system for the Northern Rivers region, cool temperate rainforest has considerable conservation significance for the following reasons: . this rainforest type presently occupies a very limited area in New South Wales, predominantly occurring in moist and cool mountainous locations along the crest of the Great Dividing Range; . this rainforest type represents a relict distribution of the ‘Gondwanan’ vegetation that previously covered extensive areas of Australia, which has contracted with the drying of the Australian continent; and . this example occurs at relatively low altitude and represents a remnant of a formerly common community along creek banks and sheltered lower slopes on the Dorrigo Plateau (BelSC 1998).

Threatened and Significant Flora Species No threatened flora species are known to occur within the cool temperate rainforest community at the Reserve, as indicated by the vegetation description and flora list within BelSC (1998) and a search of the OEH BioNET Atlas of NSW Wildlife online database (OEH 2013).

A number of threatened flora species are known to occur (OEH 2013), or have habitat that is known/predicted (SEWPaC 2013) to occur, within a 10 km radius of the Reserve. However, none of the species are considered to have a high potential to occur within the Cool Temperate Rainforest at the Reserve.

Species of significance occurring within this community include: . Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) – valued for its limited distribution and Gondwanan heritage; and . Mountain Denhamia (Denhamia moorei) – a species endemic to the Upper Dorrigo Plateau, Point Lookout and Styx River area. Also at its eastern limit of occurrence at Dangar Falls (BelSC 1988).

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Plate 4.3 Cool Temperate Rainforest

4.3.1.2 Ribbon Gum Open Forest Extent This community occurs around the edge of the cool temperate rainforest.

Species Composition Ribbon Gum (Eucalyptus nobilis) comprises the dominant canopy species (refer to Plate 4.4). The mid-storey comprises a mix of species, including Mountain Banksia (Banksia integrifolia sp. monticola), Blackwood and Small-leaved Privet. Rainforest shrubs are also common along the edge of the cool temperate rainforest. The groundcover comprises a mix of herbs, grasses and ferns, with Native Wandering Jew (Commelina cyanea) being dominant in most areas.

Conservation Significance The vegetation is not consistent with any EEC listed under the TSC Act or TEC listed under the EPBC Act.

Threatened and Significant Flora Species No threatened flora species are known to occur within the Ribbon Gum open forest community at the Reserve, as indicated by the vegetation description and flora list within BelSC (1998) and a search of the OEH BioNET Atlas of NSW Wildlife online database (OEH 2013).

A number of threatened flora species are known to occur (OEH 2013), or have habitat that is known/predicted (SEWPaC 2013) to occur, within a 10 km radius of the Reserve. There is some limited potential for Dorrigo Daisy Bush (Olearia flocktoniae) to occur in disturbed areas within and surrounding this community. This pioneer species colonises disturbed locations adjacent to wet eucalypt forest or rainforest (OEH undated). No other threatened flora species are considered to have a high potential to occur within this community at the Reserve.

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Plate 4.4 Ribbon Gum Open Forest

4.3.1.3 Dorrigo White Gum Open Forest Extent This community occurs on the southern side of Bielsdown River and occurs on a comparatively dry aspect not conducive to supporting cool temperate rainforest.

Species Composition Dominant tree species within this community are Dorrigo White Gum (Eucalyptus dorrigoensis) over a mid- storey of Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis). The most common grass in the understorey is Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis).

Conservation Significance The vegetation is not consistent with any EEC listed under the TSC Act or TEC listed under the EPBC Act.

Threatened and Significant Flora Species No threatened flora species are known to occur within the Dorrigo White Gum open forest community at the Reserve, as indicated by the vegetation description and flora list within BelSC (1998) and a search of the OEH BioNET Atlas of NSW Wildlife online database (OEH 2013).

A number of threatened flora species are known to occur (OEH 2013), or have habitat that is known/predicted (SEWPaC 2013) to occur, within a 10 km radius of the Reserve. There is some limited potential for Dorrigo Daisy Bush (Olearia flocktoniae) to occur in disturbed areas within and surrounding this community. This pioneer species colonises disturbed locations adjacent to wet eucalypt forest or rainforest (OEH undated). No other threatened flora species are considered to have a high potential to occur within this community at the Reserve.

Species of significance occurring within this community include Dorrigo White Gum (Eucalyptus dorrigoensis) which has a limited distribution, predominantly on the eastern edge of the northern tablelands/Dorrigo plateau.

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4.3.1.4 Port Jackson Pine Woodland Extent This community occurs on the southern side of Bielsdown River, opposite the viewing platform.

Species Composition Port Jackson Pine (Callitris rhomboidea) occurs as the dominant canopy tree species, almost exclusively (refer to Plate 4.5). The trees support hanging lichen, associated with the moist conditions generated from the rainforest. No detailed vegetation surveys have been undertaken for this community.

Conservation Significance The vegetation is not consistent with any EEC listed under the TSC Act or TEC listed under the EPBC Act. However, it is considered of high conservation value due to its unusual occurrence in this locality, as Port Jackson Pine typically occurs in sclerophyll forest along the coastline.

Threatened and Significant Flora Species No threatened flora species are known to occur within this community at the Reserve, as indicated by the vegetation description and flora list within BelSC (1998) and a search of the OEH BioNET Atlas of NSW Wildlife online database (OEH 2013).

A number of threatened flora species are known to occur (OEH 2013), or have habitat that is known/predicted (SEWPaC 2013) to occur, within a 10 km radius of the Reserve. There is some limited potential for Dorrigo Daisy Bush (Olearia flocktoniae) to occur in disturbed areas within and surrounding this community. No other threatened flora species are considered to have a high potential to occur within this community at the Reserve.

Species of significance occurring within this community include Port Jackson Pine (Callitris rhomboidea), a species that is not common on the Dorrigo Plateau.

Plate 4.5 Port Jackson Pine Woodland

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4.3.1.5 Modified Habitat (cleared and degraded pasture and parkland). Extent The modified communities occur in two main areas of the Reserve; firstly, around the infrastructure on the northern side of Bielsdown River (comprising a maintained parkland), and, secondly, on the opposite side of the river on the gently elevated section of land extending from the Dorrigo White Gum open forest and Port Jackson Pine woodland across to the south-eastern boundary of the Reserve (comprising cleared pastoral land). This community has been highly modified from its original state through clearing and is subject to weed infestation, particularly in the south-eastern area where active management is not regular.

Species Composition The parkland area in the north comprises a canopy with a mix of eucalypt species (e.g. Ribbon Gum) and exotic ornamental species, such as Liquid Amber (Liquidambar styraciflua) and Plane Tree (Platanus sp.). The understorey comprises maintained grassland with cosmopolitan species.

The southern area supports a mix of pastoral grassland species, with Small-leaved Privet infestations occurring on the steeper historically cleared slopes. Previous attempts at reafforestation of this area were made in the years prior to 1988 (BelSC 1998). More recent revegetation was undertaken approximately ten years ago, which resulted in only limited success. Much of this area is still predominantly open and grassy with only minor tree growth, and hence is subject to significant weed infestation pressures.

Conservation Significance The vegetation is not consistent with any EEC listed under the TSC Act or TEC listed under the EPBC Act.

Threatened and Significant Flora Species No threatened flora species are known to occur within these areas within the Reserve.

The only threatened flora species that is considered to have potential to occur within these area is Dorrigo Daisy Bush (Olearia flocktoniae), considering its habitat preference for disturbed areas within and surrounding wet eucalypt forest or rainforest (OEH undated).

4.3.2 Weeds No weeds listed under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NW Act) for the BelSC area are recorded as occurring within the Reserve (BelSC 1988). However, a number of environmental weeds are present, including Small- leaved Privet, Broad-leaved Privet (Ligustrum lucidum), Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), Ivy (Hedera helix) and Wandering Jew (Tradescantia albiforma). Small- leaved Privet and Japanese Honeysuckle are particularly extensive across the Reserve.

Bellingen Shire Council has undertaken an extensive weed eradication program that was first started in 2000 but has intensified over the 5 years. The weed eradication program has involved the dividing the Reserve into zones based vegetation type, slope and scale of infestation with primary work being undertaken in the worst affected areas and undertaking subsequent follow up maintenance works. Weed eradication and rehabilitation works have been undertaken by a contractor employed by Bellingen Shire Council who works within an allocated budget and provides an annual report outlining work undertaken each financial year.

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4.4 Fauna: Significant Species 4.4.1 Existing Environment No intensive threatened fauna sampling is known to have been undertaken within the Reserve. However, some generalisations are possible on potential usage of the Reserve by threatened fauna species, using information from BelSC (1988), knowledge of the vegetation habitats present, and threatened species records from the locality (OEH 2013).

The Reserve would provide potential habitat for a range of threatened fauna species, including species capable of inhabiting modified agricultural landscapes, fauna that are reliant on the presence of areas of remnant native vegetation, such as the rainforest and open forest habitats, and species utilising the riparian and waterway habitat of the Bielsdown River.

A review of local known records (OEH 2013) of threatened fauna species indicates that no records exist of threatened fauna species within the Reserve itself. However, records exist for Spotted-tailed Quoll (Daysurus maculatus), Black-breasted Button-quail (Turnix melanogaster) and Giant Barred-frog (Mixophyes iteratus) within a 2 km radius of the Reserve.

BelSC (1988) identifies the following threatened fauna species as being known to inhabit the broader locality surrounding the Reserve: . Sooty Owl (Tyto tenebricosa); . Masked Owl (Tyto novaehollandiae); . Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua); . Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis); . Squirrel Glider (Petaurus norfolcensis); . Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); . Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby (Petrogale penicillata); . Common Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii); . Little Bentwing Bat (Miniopterus australis); . Stephen’s Banded Snake (Hoplocephalus stephensii); . Stuttering Frog (Mixyophes balbus); and . New England Tree Frog (Litoria subglandulosa).

Other TSC Act listed and EPBC Act listed threatened fauna species would also be potential occurrences at the Reserve, particularly considering the habitat value provided by the remnant rainforest and open forest. This habitat would likely primarily represent opportunistic foraging habitat as part of a broader foraging range, particularly for a number of highly mobile bird and bat species.

Overall, the Reserve is expected to be of only low to moderate habitat value for threatened fauna species, due to the relatively small area of native vegetation remaining within the Reserve, the significant disturbance history, and ongoing issues related to weed infestation.

The Reserve would also provide habitat for a number of EPBC Act listed migratory bird species. For these species, the Reserve would represent potential foraging habitat as part of a much broader migratory foraging range.

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5 5. The Cultural and Social Environment 5.1 History 5.1.1 Indigenous History on the Dorrigo Plateau The Gumbaynggirr nation covers a large area of the mid north coast of NSW, from the Nambucca River northward to the Clarence River and inland to the Northern Tablelands, forming one of the largest coastal Aboriginal nations in New South Wales. The region itself is historically renowned for its abundance of food and many other resources. The Gumbaynggirr people are known as the ‘sharing people’ because of the availability of their lands resources and the way these resources were shared with other nations (ASC 2013).

The Gambalamam clan identifies as descendants of the Gumbaynggirr people. For thousands of years, they occupied the rivers running off the Dorrigo Plateau during the warmer months of the year. The Gambalamam people camped throughout grasslands on the fringes of the rainforest, living off its abundant supply of foods, medicines and materials for hunting, gathering and shelter. Burning of margins of rainforest was practiced to stimulate new growth and attract grazing animals such as pademelons and wallabies. During occupation of the Dorrigo Plateau Region, the Gambalamam people maintained sacred places and held ceremonies. Within the Dorrigo region there are a number of existing significant sites, including bora rings and stone arrangements that demonstrate evidence of these ceremonies (OEH 2012).

As a result of smallpox, measles and other diseases associated with European settlement, the Aboriginal population was decimated. European settlement of the coastal plains and western tablelands during the 1840’s forced the Gumbaynggirr people from their lands. Fewer food sources meant widespread hunger, which, in turn lead, led to stock stealing, violent reprisals and the destruction of traditional lifestyles (OEH 2012).

The Gumbaynggirr people retain a strong spiritual and cultural connection to the Dorrigo region. Today, Aboriginal custodians work closely with government agencies to manage and care for their traditional homelands (OEH 2012).

5.1.2 European Settlement of the Dorrigo Plateau The first known European to discover the Dorrigo Plateau was Richard Craig, an 18 old convict who escaped from the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement in 1830. He travelled south, meeting and living with the local Aboriginals on the Clarence River. During their seasonal travels, Craig explored the river to its headwaters, including Dorrigo Plateau (DCC undated).

While timber cutters arrived on the Bellinger River searching for Red Cedar (Toona australis) in the early 1840s, a timber industry did not develop on the Dorrigo Plateau until 1861 when cedar cutters established camps at Bostobrick (Bridger 1997, cited in NBRS+Partners 2010). The present town of Dorrigo (formerly known as Bielsdown), became the hub of the Plateau from the 1890s, which correlated with improved access to the coast and the 1894 release of small dairy blocks.

With the Crown Lands for settlement sales in 1906, agricultural industries such as dairy farming, beef farming, orchards and mixed farming grew rapidly. The Dorrigo scrub was subdivided and cleared for pasture, resulting in the wide scale loss of timber, gradually resulting in agriculture overtaking forestry as the principal industry on the Plateau (Fahey 1976, cited in NBRS+Partners 2010).

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5.1.3 Dangar Falls Reserve The Reserve is contained within the traditional lands of the Gumbaynggirr people. No known comprehensive archaeological surveys have been carried out on the Reserve to date. There are no records of indigenous sites or places within a 1 km radius of the Reserve on the OEH Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) database. It is understood that the Reserve would have likely been used as a source of food and potentially as a camping ground by the Gumbaynggirr people and, potentially, by other nations travelling through the locality.

A search of Crown Lands records reveals the following historic details for Dangar Falls Reserve: . Dangar Falls are located east of the original Bostobrick Run of 57,600 acres; . Bielsdown Creek on which the falls are situated forms part of the western boundary of the “Dorrigo Forest Reserve” being Reserve 377 for the Preservation and Growth of Timber notified 29 July 1878; . an extension of Reserve 377 was notified 9 July 1884 and incorporated the land on the western side of Bielsdown Creek; . Temporary Reserve 6887 from Sale pending Survey notified 4 August 1888 included the land on the eastern side of Bielsdown Creek; . Temporary Reserve 14783 from Sale pending Survey notified 14 November 1891 in lieu of Reserve 6887 (revoked); . Reserve 19416 for Public Recreation notified 20 January 1894 including Dangar Falls with an area of 30 acres; . Special Area 19420 proclaimed 20 January 1894 over part Reserve 377 (revoked). This enabled the neighbouring Crown lands around the Falls to be set apart for homestead selection; . Homestead Selection Area No.39 notified 13 September 1895; . Dangar Falls Reserve area withdrawn from Occupation Licence No.831held by Thomas Freeman & William Sinclair and Reserve 51256 from Licence or Lease generally notified 7 January 1916; . Permissive Occupancy 2719 covering Dangar Falls Reserve granted to TW Freeman 15 February 1943 terminated 14 February 1947; . Bellingen Shire Council appointed trustee of Dangar Falls Reserve (under the Public Trusts Act 1897) by notification 20 February 1959; . Permissive Occupancy 1952/25 Bellingen covering the part of Dangar Falls Reserve south of Bielsdown Creek granted to AD Wetherspoon 1 April 1952 terminated 31 March 1965; . North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust constituted and appointed by notification 13 April 1995. (Bellingen Shire Council is appointed to manage the affairs of the Trust under the transitional arrangements of the Crown Lands Act 1989.); and . Permissive Occupancy 1965/11 Bellingen covering part of Dangar Falls Reserve granted to Cyril David Cork 1 April 1965 terminated 29 May 1998.

The story behind the naming of Dangar Falls is not to be confused with the other Dangar Falls east of Uralla which are named after Henry Dangar (1796 - 1861) an early Government surveyor, noted businessman and pastoralist. (Although his substantial holdings included the Bald Hills Run of 19,200 acres on the western side of the Dorrigo plateau.).

Dangar Falls at North Dorrigo are said to be named after O.O.Dangar M.L.A. Member for Macleay who visited the Dorrigo district around 1889 and was instrumental in the getting the eastern access cutting to the plateau established. Prior to this they were known as Spicketts Falls. (from Clarence & Richmond Examiner 16 March 1901).

Dangar Falls is a listed Heritage Item in Bellingen Local Environmental Plan 2010. Council is in the process of updating its Heritage Inventory for all of listed items within the Bellingen LGA including Dangar Falls. The original statement of heritage significance prepared as part of the listing for the site under BLEP 2010 states that the site is a “Natural scenic waterfall in fine setting of natural plant communities”.

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Although not identified in the original statement of heritage significance, the Reserve was transected by a section of the water race associated with Australia’s first mainland hydroelectric power generating scheme to exclusively supply all power for a town. The Dorrigo Hydro-Electric Scheme was established in 1923 and operated until 1957.

5.2 Community, Social and Tourism Values The Reserve is an important natural asset for the Dorrigo Community and provides many social, economic and environmental benefits for residents and visitors. It is an important attractor for visitors to the town, with many visitors to the world-renowned Dorrigo Rainforest Centre adding Dangar Falls to their list of things to do in the area.

The Reserve is listed as a must-see attraction on the Dorrigo Chamber of Commerce website (www.dorrigo.com). The Reserve is well publicised at the Dorrigo Tourist Information Centre and is signposted from the main intersection in town. Although there is no current data on visitation rates to the Reserve, Council undertook traffic counts in the 1995/96 Christmas holiday period which recorded a daily average count of 268 vehicles per day. Council again undertook traffic counts in the non-holiday period of March 1988 which recorded an average number of 215 vehicles per day. Council understands the Reserve continues to be a very popular destination with tourists and visitors to the area. The community consultation process undertaken to date also highlighted this popularity.

The community consultation process also highlighted a strong desire to improve facilities in the reserve for the social and health benefits of the residents of Dorrigo. For example there is currently a strong push by a number of Dorrigo residents to develop a Labyrinth within the Reserve to assist in developing a healthy community. Many of the residents within the community workshop also wanted to see improved walking facilities to encourage use of the Reserve for fitness activities.

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6 6. Management Issues and Challenges 6.1 The Trust The previous plan of management states that Council, as Corporate Manager of the Trust, initially appointed a Dangar Falls Reserve Trust Management Committee to advise on issues that may arise and to oversee the day to day management the Reserve. It is understood that this committee ceased to operate for unknown reasons. Consultation undertaken with the Dorrigo community indicates a keen interest in the Reserve has been building in recent times.

6.1.1 Key Issues Council as the Corporate Trust Manager is to investigate re-establishing the Dangar Falls Reserve Trust Management Committee to capitalise on this interest and to also allow people in the community a voice on how the Reserve should be improved for all users.

6.2 Governance The accountability of the Trust under the CLA is a key consideration. Under Section 32 of the Act, a Reserve Trust must furnish an annual report to the Minister detailing income, expenditure, assets and improvements, liabilities and details of any leases and licences granted by the Trust.

The Crown Lands Regulation 2006 - Schedule 4 states that the records kept by a Trust are: . account books showing details of all income and expenditure; . records of assets and liabilities and improvements effected; . bank, building society or credit union deposit books or statements; . records of other financial instruments or investments; . plant and asset register; . heritage register; . records of leases and licences granted or in force; . insurance policies and certificates; . details of fire prevention and other occupational health and safety measures in place; and . such records as may be necessary to prepare a report in accordance with clause 32 of the Regulation.

6.2.1 Key Issues Council as the Corporate Manager of the Reserve Trust is responsible for furnishing an annual report to the Minister and also keeping records in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Regulation.

6.3 Funding Council currently funds all ongoing maintenance of the Reserve and infrastructure on it. It also additionally funds weed maintenance and vegetation rehabilitation through its Environmental Levy. Weed management will also require ongoing funding to ensure eradication of weed infestations. In addition to this there are community expectations for the Trust to undertake significant improvements to the Reserve.

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6.3.1 Key Issues Council, as Reserve Trust Manager, will need to seek out new funding avenues along with funding streams such as the Environmental Levy to assist in funding and constructing proposed improvements to the Reserve. All potential opportunities should be investigated including: . Federal and State Government funding programs; . partnerships with local service groups; and . utilising the proposed Dangar Falls Reserve Trust Management Committee to leverage funding from local businesses and business groups.

6.4 Use of Crown Land Under the Crown Lands Act 1989, Crown land can be reserved (or dedicated) for various public purposes including public recreation, public hall, showground, racecourse, environmental protection etc. Dedication is an enduring form of reservation which cannot be revoked without tabling the matter before both Houses of Parliament. The notified purpose of Dangar Falls Reserve for “public recreation” does not strictly cover all of the current uses and the values identified in this plan. For example, a big focus of the plan of management and Council’s resources has been on environmental protection and rehabilitation works within the Reserve. The Reserve also functions as a significant tourist attraction for the town of Dorrigo and it has been suggested that additional targeted infrastructure would increase tourist visitation to the Reserve. In the circumstances it is recommended that the current purpose of the dedication (public recreation) be expanded to address any inconsistencies with existing use and fully reflect the identified values and scope of potential future uses of the Reserve.

It is considered that the most appropriate administrative option to expand the scope of future public use for the Reserve for the adopted plan of management to endorse “environmental protection” and “tourist facilities and services” as compatible and acceptable additional purposes pursuant to Section 112 of the Crown Lands Act 1989. This option is considered appropriate as the new purposes are generally compatible with the existing purpose, consistent with the principles of Crown Land management and in the public interest. This plan of management is intended to effectively support the proposed expanded use following its adoption.

6.4.1 Key Issues . public recreation dedication could be restrictive in terms of its purpose. Environmental Protection and tourist facilities and services area also considered consistent with how the Reserve functions; and . dedication needs to be reviewed by the Trust with the assistance of the Department of Lands.

6.5 Safety and Ongoing Maintenance There are various risks involved with the public use of these areas. Given the attractions that exist within the reserve and its high usage, Council is obliged to ensure that all risks are identified and that appropriate measures are taken to ensure these risks are addressed. Bellingen Shire Council has installed a significant amount of infrastructure, including hand rails, fences, balustrading and signage, to ensure public risk is reduced to an acceptable level.

6.5.1 Key Issues Assessing and addressing public risk is an ongoing process that requires review and alteration of practices to accommodate the evolution of how the Reserve is used by the public. Signage and other infrastructure need to be maintained and updated where appropriate to ensure public risk is kept to acceptable levels. Any proposed works to be carried out as part of the Reserve upgrade should be low maintenance to ensure that Councils maintenance obligations are not significantly increased. Public safety risk assessments also need to be undertaken for any proposed new infrastructure.

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6.6 Natural Resource Management The natural resources within the Reserve (refer Section 4) are the reason why the Reserve provides so much value to its users. Protection of these values is to be an essential part of the plan of management. Key issues to be considered are outlined below.

6.6.1 Key Issues Soil Erosion and Deposition No riverbank stability assessments of the Bielsdown River have been undertaken to date. There are no known significant active erosion sites along the relevant section of the Bielsdown River, however minor undercutting occurs in localised areas. This is largely attributed to the localised lack of significant riparian vegetation.

Water Quality There is currently no water quality data available for the Bielsdown River or for the urban stormwater that enters the Reserve. Runoff from upstream urban areas and associated storm water pipes would generally be filtered to some extend by the parkland vegetation before entering Bielsdown River.

Opportunities to improve water quality in the locality include: . manage active upstream erosion sites; . maintain or enhance vegetation (particularly groundcover vegetation) along the drainage lines; and . undertake riparian improvement works along the Bielsdown River.

Flooding The river is subject to high flows during and after heavy rainfall periods. Any development (footpaths, boardwalks platforms etc.) in this area will need to be carefully designed and, in some circumstances, it would need to be ‘sacrificial’, in times of significant events with large flows.

Weeds Weeds are the main flora management issue associated with the Reserve. Weed control works within the rainforest area have been conducted by Council over the past five years, primarily targeting Privet, Japanese Honeysuckle and Ivy. Ongoing management of weeds within the Reserve is important for the following reasons: . this action would reduce the local occurrence of weeds and weed propagule sources that may disburse off site and degrade agricultural land locally and patches of remnant native vegetation. Native birds and bats have the capacity to spread fleshy-fruited species a significant distance from their source location; . invasion and establishment of exotic vines and scramblers is a key threatening process listed under the TSC Act that has the potential to further degrade the Reserve. This is associated with the occurrence of introduced vines occurring at the Reserve, particularly Japanese Honeysuckle and Ivy; and . this action would maintain the aesthetic values of the Reserve.

The location of the Reserve within proximity to the Dorrigo urban area makes it susceptible to weed invasion from garden escapees, while the Bielsdown River provides a direct route for transporting weed propagules to and from the Reserve.

The current/ongoing mowing regime within the picnic area at the Reserve helps suppress and manage the occurrence of weeds. However, ongoing weed management works, particularly in the areas of native vegetation and within the degraded paddock on the opposite side of the river, would be needed to ensure the biodiversity values of the reserve and broader locality are maintained.

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Maintenance of Significant Species The presence of significant flora species within the Reserve, including Antarctic Beech and Port Jackson Pine, is an important value both ecologically and socially. Retention, protection and enhancement of these significant species should be a key focus in the management of the Reserve. Environmental enhancement, such as weed control, would have the secondary benefit of enhancing the habitat for these species.

Any works proposed within the Reserve, including weed management and track construction, should take into account the potential for direct and/or indirect impacts on these species. Examples of direct impacts are vegetation clearing, trunk damage from machinery, etc.; while indirect impacts include factors such as erosion, enhancing weed infestations and altered light levels. Protection for these species from ground compaction and erosion would need to be incorporated in the walking track design (e.g. raised walkway in particularly vulnerable areas).

Fauna The habitat value of the Reserve for threatened fauna species is likely to be as foraging habitat within a much broader foraging range. A number of ongoing management actions, such as weed control and revegetation, would result in long-term positive gains to the habitat value of the reserve for these threatened species.

BelSC (1988) pointed out that there is lack of ‘baseline’ data on the usage of the Reserve by threatened fauna species. Such data would assist in identifying discrete management zones with associated management actions that are tailored to encouraging the usage of the Reserve by threatened fauna species.

6.7 Heritage and Cultural Aspects 6.7.1 Management Issues Aboriginal Heritage There is limited information available relating to Aboriginal use of the Dangar Falls area. Given its plentiful water supply, significant beauty and relatively easy access, it can be assumed that the area would have had ongoing use by the Gumbaynggirr people over their long relationship with lands in the Mid North Coast and Tableland Regions.

Initial consultation was undertaken with the Chairperson of the Dorrigo Plateau Local Aboriginal Land Council to assist in finding out more information on the Aboriginal cultural heritage significance of the Reserve. Matters raised in this initial consultation included: . concerns about specifically identifying sites that have cultural heritage values for the local people to ensure there ongoing protection; . support for provision of interpretive signage to identify and celebrate the cultural heritage values of the reserve; and . consideration of employment opportunities for local aboriginal people and proposed future improvements within the Reserve.

It is considered appropriate that further investigation and research be undertaken in close consultation with local elders and the Dorrigo Plateau Local Aboriginal Land Council, so that the Aboriginal history and use of this land can be documented and celebrated through interpretative signage and other appropriate measures identified through consultation with local Aboriginal people.

European Heritage Any future development within the reserve will have to consider any impacts on the heritage significance of the Reserve. This plan of management seeks to protect and preserve the high value visual and ecological values of the Reserve which are the main reasons the site was originally listed as a Local Heritage Item.

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Community Social and Tourism The high usage of the Reserve will continue to increase the need for maintenance of its existing facilities and management of its biodiversity values and attributes. This PoM seeks to ensure that the Reserve is managed in a way that protects the identified values that make it such a popular attraction and put in place strategies to improve facilities and services offered within the Reserve.

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Appendix A

A Meeting Notes for Community Workshop

DRAFT Plan of Management PART A – Dangar Falls Reserve

Dangar Falls Plan of Management – Meeting Notes from Community Workshop

Location: Dorrigo CWA Hall, Dorrigo Date: Tuesday 29 January 2013 Time: 5:30pm to 7:15pm

GeoLINK Ref: 2162-1010

Attendees/Presenters: Jai Allison – Bellingen Shire Council Simon Waterworth – GeoLINK Garry Murray – Red Belly Designs

Community Attendees: 1. Cr. Dave Scott 13. Robin Heath 2. Cr. Desmae Harrison 14. Meg Corlis 3. Lin Jude 15. Jenni Francis 4. Helen Wallace 16. Alison Pattinson 5. David Scott 17. Carol Deane 6. Susan Snodgrass 18. Trevor Deane 7. Peter Lynch 19. John McQueen 8. Keith Holmes 20. Patsy Green 9. Rod Holmes 21. Grant Lawler 10. Ruth Holmes 22. Dave Hitchcock 11. Bill Gibson 23. Richard Harrison 12. Venita Colquhoun

Note: The above attendee list includes all people who registered their attendance at the Meeting. There may be some participants who were at the meeting but did not register their attendance.

MEETING AGENDA . Introduction of the project and project team; . Workshop objectives and structure; . Plan of Management (PoM) process and objectives; . Brainstorming session with small groups; . Presentation of group ideas / concepts; . Questions and answers; and . Summation, wrap up and where to from here.

INTRODUCTION: by Jai Allison, Bellingen Shire Council

WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURE: by Simon Waterworth, GeoLINK

PLAN OF MANAGEMENT (POM) PROCESS AND OBJECTIVES: by Simon Waterworth, GeoLINK

GROUP PRESENTATIONS:

Group A – Presenter Alison Patterson Identified Issues: . Pedestrian access and safety of the walkway . Promotion of the Reserve and its considerable environmental assets . Size of the viewing platform . Accessible toilets . Signage within the Reserve . Shade over play equipment . Odour from town sewerage system . Pedestrian safety throughout the Reserve . Lighting maintenance schedule for the Reserve . Car Park.

Suggested Improvements: . Investigation of hydro electricity generation from the falls . Improved pedestrian access throughout the Reserve especially the path to the bottom of the falls . Improved interpretive signage highlighting the ecological features of the Reserve including the significant vegetation (cypress and Antarctic beach) the geology of the Reserve . Increase the size of the viewing platform whilst still making it accessible . Bring the toilets up to an accessible standard . Provide information at the Reserve on other areas within the Dorrigo region (cross promotion) . Shade over the play equipment . Lighting to the BBQ area . Additional picnic tables . Review maintenance schedule and weed control of the Reserve

. Formalise the carpark with defined and designated carparks . Improve children’s play area with soft fall . Investigate free camping within the Reserve . Use of the site for SES training . Provide Aboriginal cultural heritage interpretation, including advice on history and “bush tucker” walks . Consult with youth and access committee on future vision for Reserve . Investigate environmental education opportunities . Provision for bicycle, scooter, prams (wheels and feet) from Dorrigo town to Dangar Falls, and other features close to town such as Dorrigo National Park. Investigate alternative access routes for such pathways. . Suspension bridge across the river with lighting powered supplied by new hydro scheme . Path to bottom to enable access for motor scooters . Lighting on path to bottom and other areas

Group B Comments – Presenter Rod Holmes Positive Aspects . Existing viewing platform – location and size generally suitable . Current recreation/shaded/grassed area near the viewing platform and car park . Rest stops with seats at intervals on walk to bottom . Route of walking track is good . The section of timbered boardwalk . BBQ and picnic facilities adequate at this stage . Info display good . The falls are a great economic value to Dorrigo

Identified Issues . Sewage disposal, septic system fails and needs to be investigated to determine adequacy . Lack of shade for children’s playground . Surface (impact from tree routes) of walk to bottom biggest issue at the moment. . Revegetation on other (south eastern) side could be followed up . Weeds are an issue on the whole reserve . Car park needs to be improved . Safety signs need to be improved . Overnight camping is an issue.

Suggested Improvements . Cultural activities, any sort of social group (no one in particular) – investigate provision of a performance platform . Maximize the number of vehicles that can be accommodated in the car park (Caravans, buses and cars) . Existing open space area should remain the same size and not be reduced . Cycle walkway track to/from town . Toilets could be upgraded. Disabled toilet is functional. Does it comply? . Walking track to bottom has to be rebuilt. Major problem is tree root systems. Suggest suspended steel boardwalk replace the bitumen track as the long term solution (suggest Council look at the improvements to walks in Mount Kosciuszko as an example) . Provision of interpretative signs highlighting natural, cultural, geology aspects of the reserve

. Weed maintenance needs ongoing commitment . Safety improvements including - better signage highlighting risks e.g. “rocks under the falls” “diving has caused death” international signage. No memorial . Top swimming hole above the falls should be identified and signed for swimmers. Requires better access . Investigate use of the site by private vendors? – ongoing rent, coffee vendor/ice cream van? . Need improved signs from town to better direct users . Consider provision of better disabled access and facilities.

Group C Comments – Presenter Jenni Francis Identified Issues . Safety- slippery walking track slippery and people jumping off the falls . Block off vehicle access to the back track (through Bill Gibson’s property) . Protecting the beech forest – raised walkway . Improvements to kids play area - shade . Signposting for walking tracks . Access to other side of stream . Remove old fences eastern side . Name of falls (Dangar) should be researched. Aim to understand how the name came to be. . Weed Control/bush regeneration

Suggested Improvements . Investigate renaming of the Reserve . Provide a performance space for events such as opera at the falls, sculpture walks, themed evenings, high rope challenges, . Labyrinth project - community support gained last year . Better access to swimming holes down stream . Improved shelter . Improved interpretative and encouragement signage - Platypus as a symbol and wobbly rock trick. . Shade – apply for Cancer Council funding . Viewing platform needs widening and to be covered . Walking circuits/accessing other side of stream and to town . Outward bound fitness circuit . Replace wooden benches with metal – longer lasting and don’t get saturated . Reafforesting the other side of the stream . Entice community events and promote as meeting and gathering place . Bailey/swing/suspension bridge and or flying fox . Encouraging community involvement is important.

Group D Comments – Presenter John McQueen Identified Issues . Camping within the car park . Walking track unsafe (slope, handrails, surface, width)

. Lack of information on Aboriginal History . Parking area . Connectivity to town . Safety fences at viewing area . Vegetation – damage by tramping . Geology, water etc. . Visitor numbers

Suggested Improvements . Stop/regulate camping . Construct a safe to code walking track. Sign post track dependant on user type (Able bodied, aged, mobility) . Carpark improvements – Increase size, designate spaces, sealed surface and improved access to Coramba Road (turning lane). . Improve connection to town – Cycle walk way to/from town and to/from Dorrigo National Park . Education (community programs with inclusion of school, NP&WS ) on Geology, hydrology, vegetation (Antarctic Beech), catchment area, human impacts, connectivity to other areas. . Interpretative signage . Background on hydro history . Festival of the Falls – Celebrating Dorrigo and the Waterfall Way . Council to link with biodiversity fund alliance . Theme – to infrastructure, signage, link to the plateau, where it sits in the context of the Mid North Coast . Potential rail trail cycle way/walk linking town to Reserve . Lighting on the falls . Vegetation (Antarctic Beech and Cyprus) important and need to be revegetated. . Ongoing weed control. . Develop partnerships with EnviTE, Jalliigiiri, Landcare etc. . Involve all community not only a few . Built in maintenance plan for the Reserve . Review of plans and keeping it relevant.

QUESTIONS There were a number of questions about further involvement of this group in further consultation including review of draft plan, setting priorities etc. Jai Allison to discuss with Senior Staff and advise of consultation opportunities.

PROJECT CONTACT Jai Allison 02 6657300 [email protected]

WRAP UP AND WORKSHOP CONCLUSION

Workshop Concluded: 7:15pm

DRAFT Plan of Management Part B Dangar Falls Reserve North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust

UPR Description Date Issued Issued By 2162-1015 DRAFT Plan of Management Part B Issue 1 08/05/2013 Simon Waterworth 2162-1016 DRAFT Plan of Management Part B Issue 2 08/05/2013 Simon Waterworth 2162-1016 DRAFT Plan of Management Part B Issue 2 16/05/2013 Simon Waterworth

Table of Contents

1. Plan of Management 1 1.1 Aim of the Plan of Management ...... 1 1.2 Vision ...... 1

2. Principles for Management 2 2.1 Crown Land Principles ...... 2 2.2 Reserve Management Principles ...... 2

3. Management Strategies 3 3.1 Aims and Objectives ...... 3

4. Community Consultation 7 4.1 Overview of Consultation Process ...... 7 4.2 Consultation Activities ...... 7 4.3 Outcomes of the first public workshop ...... 7 4.4 Feedback on Actions and Priorities ...... 8 4.5 Public Exhibition of Draft Plan of Management ...... 8

5. Case Studies 9

6. Concept Design 10 6.1 Site Analysis ...... 10 6.2 Concept Design ...... 10

7. Strategic Action Plan 15

Illustrations Illustration 6.1 Site Analysis ...... 11

Illustration 6.2 Concept Plan ...... 12

Illustration 6.3 Detail images ...... 13

Illustration 6.4 Implementation Plan ...... 14

Tables

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve i

Table 3.1 Management Strategies ...... 4

Table 4.1 Consultation activities ...... 7

Table 7.1 Action Plan ...... 16

Appendices A Case Studies B Labyrinth Concept Design

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve ii

1 1. Plan of Management 1.1 Aim of the Plan of Management The aim of the PoM is to provide management principles for the Dangar Falls Reserve. The PoM establishes an integrated mechanism to guide the Reserve Trust in its decision making process to implement its vision for the future of the Reserve.

1.2 Vision The Trust has adopted a vision for the Reserve to provide a focus for the objectives, strategies and processes set out in the PoM. The vision is a broad statement of intent that sets in place a simple, positive and achievable direction for the future. The vision for the Dangar Falls Reserve is:

“To protect and enhance the unique natural and scenic environment of the Reserve while providing well maintained and safe recreational and tourist facilities for residents and visitors within available resources.”

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 1

2 2. Principles for Management 2.1 Crown Land Principles Section 11 of the Crown Lands Act provides an overarching set of principles for Crown Land management: . Environmental protection principles be observed in relation to the management and administration of Crown Land; . The natural resources of Crown Land (including water, soil, flora, fauna and scenic quality) be conserved wherever possible; . Public use and enjoyment of appropriate Crown Land be encouraged; . Where appropriate, Crown Land should be used and managed in such a way that both the land and its resources are sustained in perpetuity; and . Crown Land be occupied, used, sold, leased, licensed or otherwise dealt with in the best interests of the State consistent with the above principles.

Any strategies or actions proposed as part of this PoM will need to be consistent with the abovementioned Crown Land Principles.

2.2 Reserve Management Principles To achieve the vision for the Reserve, decision-making by the North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust will be guided by the following set of principles:

1. Natural Environment – to identify, protect and enhance the Reserve’s rich biodiversity. 2. Cultural and Social Environment – to recognise, interpret and promote valuable cultural heritage within the Reserve. 3. Recreation and Tourism – continue to improve on the range of recreational and tourism opportunities, based on the natural and cultural features of the Reserve. 4. Safety and Public Health – to provide and maintain facilities in a manner, which minimises risk to the reserve. 5. Reserve Promotion – to inform people in a creative and innovative way, of the Reserves unique attributes and values. 6. Community Involvement – to encourage active participation of locals and visitors in the improvements, care and long term management of the Reserve. 7. Governance – to implement a management system which ensures reserve viability, promotes co- operative decision making and is responsive to legal, social and technological change.

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 2

3 3. Management Strategies 3.1 Aims and Objectives To meet the overarching principles the following objectives core objectives are adopted for management of the Dangar Falls Reserve. . The core objectives for management of Park Land are; 1. to encourage, promote and facilitate recreational, cultural, social and educational pastimes and activities; 2. to provide for passive recreational activities or pastimes and for the casual playing of games; and 3. to improve the land in such a way as to promote and facilitate its use to achieve the other core objectives for its management.

. Core objectives for management of Natural areas including Bushland, Escarpment and Watercourses are; 4. to conserve biodiversity and maintain ecosystem function in respect of the land, or the feature or habitat in respect of which the land is a natural area; 5. to maintain the land, or that feature or habitat, in its natural state and setting; 6. to provide for community use of and access to the land in such a manner as will minimise and mitigate any disturbance caused by human intrusion; and 7. to assist in and facilitate the implementation of any provisions restricting the use and management of the land that are set out in a recovery plan or threat abatement plan prepared under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) or the Fisheries Management Act 1994 (FM Act). 8. to ensure the ongoing ecological viability of the land by protecting the ecological biodiversity and habitat values of the land, the flora and fauna (including invertebrates, fungi and micro-organisms) of the land and other ecological values of the land; 9. to protect the aesthetic, heritage, recreational, educational and scientific values of the land; 10. to restore and protect degraded bushland, protect existing landforms such as natural drainage lines, watercourses and foreshores; 11. to retain bushland in parcels of a size and configuration that will enable the existing plant and animal communities to survive in the long term; and 12. to manage watercourses so as to protect the biodiversity and ecological values of the in stream environment, particularly in relation to water quality and water flows; 13. to manage watercourses so as to protect the riparian environment, particularly in relation to riparian vegetation and habitats and bank stability; 14. to restore degraded watercourses; and 15. to promote community education, and community access to and use of the watercourse, without compromising the other core objectives of the category. 16. to protect any important geological, geomorphological or scenic features of the escarpment, and 17. to facilitate safe community use and enjoyment of the escarpment.

Performance targets for the Reserve are included in Section 7 of this PoM, which includes a set of actions, including specific timeframes for completion. Council will assess its performance with regard to achieving these targets and actions by reviewing the PoM every five years, including the proposed actions.

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 3

Table 3.1 Management Strategies Management Principles Key Issues / Strategies/Actions Responsibility Priority Timeframe Opportunities

Natural Environment – Protection of Prepare a Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) that identifies and BSC* High Short to identify, protect and enhance significant flora prioritises vegetation rehabilitation and restoration and weed the Reserve’s rich biodiversity species including management requirements for the Reserve. Preparation and adoption Antarctic Beech and of the VMP is important for establishing clear aims and objectives for Port Jackson Pine relevant stakeholders in maintaining and rehabilitating the Reserve. Implement the VMP with projects that improve biodiversity by BSC High Short and then rehabilitating the natural areas of the Reserve and providing for ongoing ongoing weed maintenance. Riverbank Instability / Prepare and implement VMP BSC High Short and then Water quality ongoing Weed management As part of the VMP prepare long term weed management plan and seek BSC High Short and then funding for its implementation ongoing Environmental Investigate environmental educational opportunities with local and BSC/educators High Short Education regional education providers Cultural and Social Environment Assess Cultural Investigation/research to be undertaken in close consultation with local BSC/DPLALC** Medium Medium – to recognise, interpret and Heritage values elders and the Dorrigo Plateau Local Aboriginal Land Council, so that promote valuable cultural within the Reserve the Aboriginal history and use of this land can be documented and heritage within the Reserve celebrated through interpretative signage and other appropriate measures identified through consultation with local Aboriginal people. Undertake further research on the European heritage values of the BSC/Heritage Medium Medium reserve and complete the SHI register. Advisor Hydroelectricity Investigate and undertake necessary environmental investigations to BSC Low Medium generation determine feasibility of generating hydroelectricity from the flow of the Bielsdown River. Improve cultural Design and construct a performance platform within the reserve (refer BSC Medium Long facilities within the Concept Design in Section 6). reserve Construct the proposed Labyrinth (refer Concept Design in Section 6 BSC /Labyrinth Medium Medium and Labyrinth Concept in Appendix B). Working Group Recreation and Tourism – Research funding Council to seek out new funding avenues along with existing funding BSC High Short continue to improve on the streams to fund new streams to assist in funding and constructing proposed improvements to range of recreational and infrastructure the Reserve. tourism opportunities, based on Improve pedestrian Upgrade the existing path to the bottom section of the falls to ensure it BSC High Short

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 4

Management Principles Key Issues / Strategies/Actions Responsibility Priority Timeframe Opportunities the natural and cultural features access throughout complies with relevant Australian Standards. Design to investigate of the Reserve the Reserve. raised sections to minimise impact on vegetation and root systems. Extend existing track to the edge of the water at the bottom section of BSC High Medium the falls (refer Concept Design in Section 3). This will enable users to walk to the water’s edge. This section of the path should be built to withstand flows from flood waters or be easily replaceable if washed away. Audit and upgrade access for people with disabilities (to relevant BSC High Short Australian Standard) throughout the top (Park) section of the Reserve to ensure access to infrastructure, toilets, play, cultural viewing platform and other facilities within this section of the Reserve. Expand existing track network to provide a pedestrian walking loop BSC Medium Long allowing visitors and users to view and experience other parts of the Reserve (refer Concept Design in Section 6). Improvements to Investigate feasibility of extending the existing viewing platform that BSC Medium Short existing viewing overlooks the falls to allow for greater capacity (refer Concept Design in platform Section 6); and providing a roof over the deck. Improvements to Upgrade Play area with new themed facilities relating to Dangar Falls BSC Low Long children facilities (refer Concept Design in Section 6) Improvements to Investigate lighting within the reserve and assess need for lighting BSC Medium Medium Reserve Facilities improvements for safety. Further encourage Investigate feasibility of lighting the falls. BSC Low Long tourism within the Reserve Improvements to Additional sheltered and external picnic tables are proposed to cater for BSC Medium Medium Reserve Facilities usage of the park. Improvements to Construction of a formalised car park with dedicated and marked BSC Medium Medium Reserve Facilities carparks. Improving pedestrian/ Investigate feasibility and funding options for providing pedestrian/ BSC Medium Low bicycle access to the bicycle access from Dorrigo to the Reserve. Reserve from Dorrigo If feasible construct pedestrian/bicycle facility linking Dorrigo to the BSC Low Long Reserve. Provide additional Use of the Reserve by private vendors to sell refreshments. BSC/Private Low Medium facilities to cater for Vendors

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 5

Management Principles Key Issues / Strategies/Actions Responsibility Priority Timeframe Opportunities

tourists Safety and Public Health – Assess and plan for Any proposed works to be carried out as part of the Reserve upgrade BSC N/A N/A to provide and maintain facilities Risk should be low maintenance to ensure that Councils maintenance in a manner, which minimises obligations are not significantly increased. risk to the reserve Public safety risk assessments also need to be undertaken for any BSC As required As required proposed new infrastructure Review all safety signage within the Reserve and (if required) replace BSC High Short and install new signage based on the outcomes of risk assessment. Reserve Promotion – Erect new signage to inform users about the history, use and BSC Medium Medium to inform people in a creative management of the Reserve. This signage will include information and innovative way, of the about cultural aspects, including use by traditional owners the Reserves unique attributes and Gumbaynggir Nation and European settlers and also information on the values. biodiversity values of the site. Interpretative signage design should also look at interactive information displays where appropriate. Review all cross promotional, locality and instructional signage within BSC/Dorrigo Medium Medium and outside of the Reserve to determine effectiveness and (if required) Tourism/Chamber replace and install new signage based on the outcomes the review. of commerce Community Involvement – Renewed Interest Investigate re-establishing the Dangar Falls Reserve Trust Management BSC/Crown Lands High Short to encourage active participation from the Community Committee to capitalise on this interest and to also allow people in the interested of locals and visitors in the in the Reserve community a voice on how the Reserve should be improved for all stakeholders improvements, care and long users. term management of the Use of the Reserve Investigate and authorise use of the reserve by SES Volunteer training. BSC/SES High Short Reserve by SES volunteers for training Governance – Trust Accountability Council as the Corporate Manager of the Reserve Trust prepare and BSC/Crown Lands High Short to implement a management provide annual reports to the Minister and keep records in accordance system which ensures reserve with the Crown Lands Regulation 2006. viability, promotes co-operative Consistency with Review dedication of the Reserve to increase use to environmental BSC/Crown Lands Medium Medium decision making and is Declared Purpose of protection and tourist facilities and services. responsive to legal, social and Reserve technological change Road within the Rectify road alignment. BSC/Crown Lands Medium Medium Reserve

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 6

4 4. Community Consultation 4.1 Overview of Consultation Process The preparation of a PoM is a critical starting point for the overall Dangar Falls Reserve (places for people) upgrade project. Council considers it essential to consult with local residents, community groups, stakeholders and users and carefully consider all issues raised by the community.

The PoM must be prepared in accordance with the Crown Lands Act 1989 and is required to be adopted by the Minister responsible for administering the Act. The Council undertakes the revision of the PoM acting within the limitations and responsibilities of the role as corporate manager of the North Dorrigo Dangar Falls Reserve Trust.

4.2 Consultation Activities The consultation process has provided opportunities for community input, has been transparent and has been refined according to community feedback, the importance of the project and the needs of the community. The community and key stakeholders have also been kept informed of project status throughout the process. Consultation activities and a timeline of the community consultation carried out to date are listed in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Consultation activities Consultation Date Meeting with the Dorrigo Plateau Aboriginal Land Council 29 January 2013 First public workshop 29 January 2013 Feedback on priorities of concepts/improvements 6 February 2013 Consultation and review of draft PoM by Crown Lands To be advised Public exhibition of the draft PoM To be advised Second public workshop To be advised Adoption of the PoM by the Minister To be advised

4.3 Outcomes of the first public workshop Council held a public workshop at the Dorrigo Country Women’s Association Hall on 29 January 2013. The meeting was advertised and key stakeholders were invited to attend and participate in the workshop. The objectives of the workshop were to: . commence the community consultation process for the project; . provide an outline of the PoM process; . obtain feedback from the community on the potential social, environmental, technical and economic issues with the existing Reserve; . obtain ideas and concepts for future improvements to the Reserve; and . initiate lines of communications and contacts for the project.

The outcomes of the meeting are provided in the Meeting Notes for the workshop which are attached as Appendix A in Draft Plan of Management Part A.

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 7

4.4 Feedback on Actions and Priorities Participants of the first community workshop were invited to comment on a preliminary draft version of Actions and Priorities which will be included within the plan of management. No comments were received by Council.

4.5 Public Exhibition of Draft Plan of Management The draft plan of management is required to be exhibited for at least 28 days and notified in the Government Gazette and a newspaper with local or State circulation, to give people the opportunity to submit their views on its form and content.

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 8

5 5. Case Studies

To assist in the preparation of this PoM, research was carried out on a number of similar Reserves in locations throughout Australia. The results of this research was summarised into short case studies on each individual reserve. The research targeted reserves under the care and control of local governments in regional areas, so that comparisons could be easily made with Dangar Falls Reserve. However, some reserves in larger urban areas were also utilised.

Overall, the investigations highlighted concepts for potential development and practices at the reserve, including: . potential funding opportunities; . design and siting of interpretive signage; . partnerships with other organisations to assist in the funding/construction of proposed improvement; . educational programs; and . establishing volunteer programs.

The case studies were selected based on the following criteria: . similarity in reserve features/ attractions; . recognition of excellence in management; . incorporation of innovative programs; and . sources of addition reserve income streams.

Each case study was developed following review of online material and follow-up discussions with relevant staff associated with that reserve. The information obtained for each of the case studies varied significantly dependant on the reserve size, popularity and allocated resources.

Case Studies were prepared on the following Reserves: . Cataract Gorge Reserve, Launceston City Council, NSW; . Blackbutt Reserve, Newcastle City Council, NSW; . Hogarth Falls & People’s Park, Strahan, West Coast Council, Tasmania; . Mugga Hill Reserve, Dubbo City Council; and . Bangalow Swimming Pool Park, Byron Shire Council.

The Case Studies are attached as Appendix A.

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 9

6 6. Concept Design

The Reserve will continue to function as it currently does, for passive recreation (low intensity uses such as picnics, barbeques and swimming). Purposes for which the land and improvements will be permitted to be used include: . passive and active informal play and recreation; . environmental protection in line with the Section 4 of this Plan; . tourist facilities and services in accordance with Section 4 of this Plan; . any works identified in in this PoM; and . any activity permitted without consent, or permitted as exempt development, under the provisions of Bellingen Local Environmental Plan 2010, State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 or State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt & Complying Development Codes) 2008.

6.1 Site Analysis A comprehensive Site Analysis was undertaken to inform the preparation of the PoM. This site analysis is shown as Illustration 6.1 and identifies the opportunities and constraints that exist within the Reserve. The Site Analysis assisted in the preparation of the Concept Design.

6.2 Concept Design A concept design for the Reserve has been prepared by Redbelly Landscape Architecture+Urban Design to assist its future management. This Concept Design includes Illustration 6.2 - Concept Plan, Illustration 6.3 - Detail Images and Illustration 6.4 – Implementation Plan.

The concept design has been prepared to show how the Reserve should generally be developed and in the future. It should be noted that it is not a detailed design and would be subject to modification subject to future requirements of Crown, Council and the community. The concept design aims to preserve and support the natural values of the reserve as a key management priority.

The design has been prepared based on: . Strategies (where still relevant) from the previous PoM; . Input from the Community Consultation undertaken as part of the updated PoM; . Research undertaken on activities/facilities in other reserves and parks (refer Attachment A –Case Studies); and . New / amended strategies developed under this plan (refer Section 3)

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 10

WELL UTILISED PLAYGROUND LACKS PLAY SPACE AND EQUIPMENT OPTIONS DRAFT ATTRACTIVE PICNIC AREA ENTRY PATH INTO UNDERUTILISED AREA WITH SCENIC VIEWS RESERVE OFFERS A POOR OF MOWN GRASS SENSE OF ARRIVAL ACROSS NORTH-EASTERN PROPOSED LABYRINTH RURAL LANDSCAPE HIGHLY FAVOURED BY COMMUNITY GOOD ACCESSIBLE VIEWING PLATFORM LACKS CAPACITY, ESPECIALLY DURING PEAK VISITATION PERIODS

HIGHLY VALUED CAR PARK IS BEECH FOREST INEFFICIENT AND EXCELLENT VANTAGE CATERS POORLY POINT IS DIFFICULT TO DURING PEAK ACCESS FROM PATH USAGE PERIODS

EXISTING STEEP, AWKWARD WALKING TRAIL REQUIRES MAJOR UPGRADE INCORPORATING ADDITIONAL REST STOPS

ATTRACTIVE WATER EDGE DESTINATION EXISTING LEVEL

 ENCLOSED SPACE     Landscape Architecture +   OFFERS POTENTIAL Urban Design       SECONDARY PASSIVE RECREATION AREA 6 Canale Drive Boambee NSW 2450 T 0428 517 665 www.redbellydesign.com.au NEW CIRCUIT WEED CONTROL IS A VITAL POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS TRACK AND CREEK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE TO Project: VANTAGE POINT CROSSINGS SUSTAIN NATURAL VALUES OF Dangar Falls RESERVE Plan of Management UPGRADED WALKING HIGHLY VALUED UNDERUTILISED Client: TRAIL CYPRESS PINE FOREST MOWN GRASS Bellingen Shire Council OVER STEEP EMBANKMENT EXISTING EASY GRADE Date: Scale: ACCESS TRACK Feb 2013 1:1000 @ A3

0 100 200 500m UNSUCCESSFUL REGENERATION AREA ATTRACTIVE SAFE LACK OF CREEK REQUIRES NEW RIVERSIDE DESTINATION CROSSINGS RESTRICT PLANTING PROGRAM ACCESS OPTIONS Drawing title: WITHIN RESERVE Site Analysis

Drawing No. Revision:  13008-L1

Illustration 8.2 - Site Analysis INFORMAL GRASS AMPHITHEATRE

NATURE / SENSORY WALK STAGE REFER LABYRINTH DETAIL B PICNIC AREA NEW LIGHTING ALONG PATH DRAFT PICNIC AREA

MAIN ENTRY SIGN ON REGENERATION AREA STONE WALL REST STOP AND VANTAGE POINT

RECONFIGURED CAR PARK PUBLIC AMENITIES PERGOLA OVER WITH 90 DEGREE ANGLE PARK- RELOCATED AND ENTRY REST STOP ING TO INCREASE CAPACITY EXPANDED PLAYGROUND EXTENT OF BUS ACCESSIBLE PATH DROP NEW STEPS AND PLATFORMS OFF NEW INTERPRETIVE CENTRE NEW SAFETY FENCE TO ON STEEP SECTION OF NEW STEPS AND PLATFORMS EXTEND FROM EXISTING EXISTING PATH ON STEEP SECTIONS OF REST STOP BARRIER TO PROVIDE NEW EXTENDED / WIDENED UPGRADE EXISTING BOARDWALK EXISTING PATH CONTIINUOUS PROTECTION VIEWING PLATFORM OVER LONG TERM TO MATCH NEW ALONG PATH CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

INTERPRETIVE SIGN (BEECH FOREST)

VIEWING NEW SMALL PICNIC AREA PLATFORM WITHIN ENCLOSED FOREST

R i v e r

C O R A M B A R O A D DISPERSED WATER ACCESS WITHIN FLOOD ZONE INTERPRETIVE SIGN TO REMOTE CREEK POOLS (REGENERATION) REFER DETAIL A Dangar Falls REGENERATION AREA NEW PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE ABOVE FLOOD ZONE Landscape Architecture + Urban Design

6 Canale Drive Boambee NSW 2450 T 0428 517 665 www.redbellydesign.com.au

REST STOP Project: SAFETY FENCE TO Dangar Falls PREVENT ACCESS Plan of Management DOWN EMBANKMENT B i e l s d o w n NEW WALKING TRACK TO CREATE CIRCUIT Client: EXISTING Bellingen Shire Council TRACK

Date: Scale: Feb 2013 1:1000 @ A3 INTERPRETIVE SIGN (REGENERATION) 0 100 200 500m EXTENT OF ACCESSIBLE PATH REST STOP REST STOP

DISPERSED WATER Drawing title: ACCESS INTERPRETIVE SIGN Concept Plan (CALLITRIS FOREST) REGENERATION AREA

Drawing No. Revision:

VANTAGE POINT 13008-L2 AT SUMMIT NEW LOW LEVEL CROSSING Illustration 6.2 Concept Plan VISITOR EXPERIENCE ENHANCED BY INFORMATION PANEL DRAFT

NEW VIEWING PLATFORM AND REST AREA

TO PARK ENTRANCE VIEWS TO DANGAR FALLS

UPGRADED ACCESS TRAIL

DETAIL A Landscape Architecture + View toward upgraded lower level visitor platform Urban Design STONE OR FIXED TIMBER STEPS 6 Canale Drive PROVIDE ACCESS DOWN EMBANKMENT Boambee NSW 2450 TOWARD EDGE OF STREAM T 0428 517 665 www.redbellydesign.com.au

Project: SURROUNDING TREES Dangar Falls PROVIDE ENCLOSURE AND SHELTER Plan of Management

COVERED STAGE FOR Client: LOW SCREEN PLANTING SMALL OUTDOOR Bellingen Shire Council AROUND REAR OF EMBANKMENT PERFORMANCES Date: Scale: Feb 2013 NTS GRASS EMBANKMENT AND LEVEL FRONTAGE FOR INFORMAL AUDIENCE SEATING

Drawing title: SEATING STEP AT BASE Detail Images OF EMBANKMENT DETAIL B Drawing No. Revision: Cross-section through proposed performance stage and seating area 13008-L3 UPGRADED PICNIC AREA NEW GRASS AMPHITHEATRE AND STAGE DRAFT UPGRADED PICNIC AREA LABYRINTH AND NATURE / SENSORY WALK

RELOCATED AND EXPANDED PLAYGROUND

UPGRADED CAR PARK UPGRADED WALKING TRAIL

UPGRADED ENTRANCE, INTERPRETIVE CENTRE Staging Priority & VIEWING PLATFORM UPGRADED WALKING TRAIL High AND VIEWING 0 - 5 years PLATFORMS Medium 5 - 10 years Low 10+ years NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Landscape Architecture + Urban Design

6 Canale Drive Boambee NSW 2450 T 0428 517 665 www.redbellydesign.com.au NEW CIRCUIT TRACK AND CREEK Project: CROSSINGS Dangar Falls UPGRADED Plan of Management WALKING TRAIL Client: Bellingen Shire Council

Date: Scale: Feb 2013 1:1000 @ A3

0 100 200 500m

Drawing title: Implementation Plan

Drawing No. Revision: 13008-L4 7 7. Strategic Action Plan

The following section outlines the management actions developed to achieve the strategies and objectives of the PoM. Table 7.1 identifies the full list of future actions for the Reserve. In addition to this, the main components of the concept design (Illustration 6.2) have been identified in an Implementation Plan (Illustration 6.4) to assist in identifying priorities and timeframes for certain works. These plans enable the Council, as Trustee of the Reserve, to take action according to its statutory obligations and in service to the community.

A flexible approach must be adopted with regard to implementation of priorities. This is particularly in regard to the timing of future works that are illegible for external funding. This flexible approach would mean that low priority works could be reprioritised if funding becomes available.

The life of the PoM is 10 years with a review recommended at 5 years in consultation with interest groups.

Timeframes for recommended actions are: . short: < 0-5 years . medium: 5-10 years . long: > 10 years

Works have also been prioritised as . High . Medium and . Low

The actions outlined are provided as indicators for initiative, they do not commit the Trustee or Crown to achieving the aims, unless stipulated. Responsibility (refer to Table 7.1) refers to the organisation or authority that will have the most influence over actually implementing the proposed management options. It does not necessarily indicate that this organisation or authority is required to fund the management action.

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 15

Table 7.1 Action Plan Action Priority Management Details Performance Targets Responsibility Time frame

1.0 High 1.1 Upgrade the existing path to the bottom section of the falls to ensure it complies . Detailed Design complete and BSC Short Improve with relevant Australian Standards. Design to investigate raised sections to approvals obtained. pedestrian minimise impact on vegetation and root systems. . All existing tracks upgraded to access Australian Standards for Walking throughout the Tracks. Reserve. High 1.2 Extend existing track to the edge of the water at the bottom section of the falls . Detailed Design complete and BSC Medium (refer Concept Design in Section 6). This will enable users to walk to the approvals obtained. water’s edge. This section of the path should be built to withstand flows from . Path extended to edge of water. flood waters or be easily replaceable if washed away. High 1.3 Audit and upgrade access for people with disabilities (to relevant Australian . Carryout audit of existing path way BSC Short Standard) throughout the top (Park) section of the Reserve to ensure access to system. infrastructure, toilets, play, cultural viewing platform and other facilities within . Upgrade areas of non-compliance. BSC Short this section of the Reserve. Medium 1.4 Expand existing track network to provide a pedestrian walking loop allowing . Detailed Design complete and BSC Medium / visitors and users to view and experience other parts of the Reserve (refer approvals obtained. long Concept Design in Section 6). . Path extended as per concept plan to other areas of the Reserve. 2.0 High 2.1 Prepare a Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) that identifies and prioritises . VMP finalised and endorsed by BSC. BSC Short Rehabilitation vegetation rehabilitation and restoration and weed management requirements and for the Reserve. Preparation and adoption of the VMP is important for maintenance of establishing clear aims and objectives for relevant stakeholders in maintaining the natural and rehabilitating the Reserve. areas of the High 2.2 Implement the VMP with projects that improve biodiversity by rehabilitating the . VMP implemented. BSC Short Reserve natural areas of the Reserve and providing for ongoing weed maintenance. and then Ongoing 3.0 Low 3.1 Investigate and undertake necessary environmental investigations to determine . Investigations complete and reported BSC Medium Investigation of feasibility of generating hydroelectricity from the flow of the Bielsdown River. to Council for consideration. hydroelectricity generation

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 16

Action Priority Management Details Performance Targets Responsibility Time frame

4.0 Medium 4.1 Erect new signage to inform users about the history, use and management of . Interpretative signage erected. BSC Medium Interpretive, the Reserve. This signage will include information about cultural aspects, instructional, including use by traditional owners the Gumbaynggir Nation and European cross settlers and also information on the biodiversity values of the site. Interpretative promotional signage design should also look at interactive information displays where and safety appropriate. signage High 4.2 Review all safety signage within the Reserve and (if required) replace and install . Safety signage reviewed and new BSC Short new signage based on the outcomes of risk assessment. signage (if required) installed. Medium 4.3 Review all cross promotional, locality and instructional signage within and . Cross promotional, locality and BSC/ Dorrigo Medium outside of the Reserve to determine effectiveness and (if required) replace and instructional signage reviewed and Tourism/ install new signage based on the outcomes the review. new signage (if required) installed. Chamber of Commerce 5.0 Medium 5.1 Investigate feasibility of: . Feasibility investigations complete. BSC Short Improvements . extending the existing viewing platform that overlooks the falls to allow for to existing greater capacity (refer Concept Design in Section 6); and viewing . providing a roof over the deck. platform Medium 5.2 Extend and or roof viewing platform. . Detailed Design complete and BSC Medium approvals obtained. . Viewing platform extended. 6.0 High 6.1 Carry out an audit of the existing facility to determine compliance with relevant . Audit complete. BSC Short Toilet Upgrade Australian Standards for people with disabilities. Medium 6.2 Carry out any improvements identified in audit. . Upgrade complete. BSC Medium 7.0 Short 7.1 Provide shade structure over children play area. . Shade structure installed. BSC Short Play Equipment Low 7.2 Upgrade Play area with new themed facilities relating to Dangar Falls (refer . Detailed Design complete. BSC Long Concept Design in Section 6) . Play equipment installed. 8.0 Medium 8.1 Investigate lighting within the reserve and assess need for lighting . Install additional lighting if necessary BSC Medium Lighting improvements for safety. Low 8.2 Investigate feasibility of lighting the falls. . Feasibility and environmental BSC Long investigations complete.

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 17

Action Priority Management Details Performance Targets Responsibility Time frame

9.0 Medium 9.1 Additional sheltered and external picnic tables are proposed to cater for usage . Picnic tables installed. BSC Medium Construction of of the park. additional picnic tables 10.0 Medium 10.1 Construction of a formalised car park with dedicated and marked carparks. . Detailed Design complete and BSC Medium Carpark approvals obtained. Improvements . Carpark constructed. 11.0 High 11.1 Investigate environmental educational opportunities with local and regional . Determine feasibility of using the BSC / education Short environmental education providers. Reserve for Environmental Education. providers educational 12.0 Medium 12.1 Investigate feasibility and funding options for providing pedestrian/ bicycle . Investigate feasibility and prepare BSC Medium Improving access from Dorrigo to the Reserve. route options for facility. pedestrian/ Medium 12.2 If feasible construct pedestrian/bicycle facility linking Dorrigo to the Reserve. . Detailed Design complete and BSC Long bicycle access approvals obtained. to the Reserve . Pedestrian/bicycle facility constructed. from Dangar Falls 13.0 Medium 13.1 Design and construct a performance platform within the reserve (refer Concept . Detailed Design complete and BSC Long Cultural Design in Section 6). approvals obtained. Facilities . Performance platform complete. Medium 13.2 Construct the proposed Labyrinth (refer Concept Design in Section 6 and . Detailed Design complete and Labyrinth Concept in Appendix B). approvals obtained. . Labyrinth complete. 14.0 High 14.1 Use of the Reserve by SES volunteers for training. . Confirmation from Council that this BSC Short Additional Uses can occur within the Reserve. Low 14.2 Use of the Reserve by private vendors to sell refreshments. . Approval obtained by private vendors. BSC/ Private Medium Vendors

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve 18

Appendix A

A Case Studies

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve

Dangar Falls Reserve POM – Case Studies

Introduction

As part of the background research for preparation of the Dangar Falls PoM, a number of other similar reserves/parks are under the care and control of local government were investigated to assist in informing the PoM. These case studies have also assisted in the development of concepts and management practices for the PoM. The case studies were selected based on a variety of criteria including:

. Similarity in reserve features/attractions; . Recognition of excellence in management; . Incorporation of innovative programs; and . Sources of addition reserve income streams.

Each case study was developed following review of online material and follow up discussions with relevant staff associated with each reserve. The information obtained for each of the case studies varied significantly dependant on the reserve size, popularity and allocated resources. Overall, the investigations highlighted various possibilities, concepts and practices which could be incorporated into the Draft Dangar Falls Reserve Plan of Management.

1. Cataract Gorge Reserve, Launceston City Council, NSW.

Overview

The Cataract Gorge Reserve covers and area of 192 hectares and is 15 minutes walk from the city centre of Launceston. The reserve is home to a large diversity of plants and animals that live in the bushland and waterways that make up this high quality facility which is used by locals and tourists. The Cataract Gorge Reserve is considered to be the heartbeat of Launceston and is central to its lifestyle and sense of community.

It has numerous walking trails and lookouts, the world's longest single span chairlift, a suspension bridge, an open air swimming pool, children's playground, interpretative signage, free barbeques and picnic lawns. The reserve also contains the Gorge Restaurant and Basin Cafe which both have magnificent views of the reserve.

Within the cliff grounds there is a performance space (band rotunda) which is surrounded by Victorian gardens containing towering conifers, exotic deciduous trees, azaleas and rhododendrons.

Relevance of case study:

. As with the Danger Falls Reserve, Cataract Gorge Reserve features public swimming areas [both formal (swimming pool) and informal (swimming in the gorge)] and is located in close proximity to the urban area of Launceston. . The reserve receives additional income streams via parking fees and Council leasing of the reserve Café/Restaurant, cottages and chair lift operation. These streams are collected by Council and used to manage and maintain the reserve. . Cataract Gorge Reserve is recognised nationally as a destination location and is used extensively by the public and visitors to Launceston. . The reserve is used for a variety of recreational activities including walking, jogging, swimming, picnicing, fishing, rock climbing, painting other forms of passive recreational activities.

Key attractions and features:

. Rock climbing; . Swimming;

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. Café/restaurant; . Art centres/cottages; . Chairlift; . Fishing; . Picnicking; . Walking including guided walks; and . Band rotunda.

Funding sources:

The reserve is primarily funded by Launceston City Council.

Additional income streams include:

. Parking fees; . Commercial lease of Café/restaurant; . Commercial lease of on-site cottages; and . Commercial lease of chair lift operation.

Key management issues and mitigation Attractions/featur Management Issues Mitigation/comments es Rock climbing Safety general Education – signage, code of conduct brochure (available at information centre on-site and on Council Rock climbing conduct website). http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/upfiles/lcc/cont/_faciliti Service tracks es/major_council_facilities/cataract_gorge_reserve/Rock _Climbing_Code_of_Conduct.pdf

Structural stability of rock Council disclaimer – activity undertaken at risk of individual (see web link above)

Council is required to maintain service tracks required for climbing and from time to time (3 monthly) check structural stability of tracks along cliff tops. Swimming (within Safety general There is no formal regulation of swimming in the gorge. the Gorge) Swimming within the gorge is generally uncommon as Not controlled the waters are cold. As such there is no use of signage or formalised access for swimming in the gorge. Council have not undertaken any risk assessment process for swimming in the gorge. Open parkland Maintenance of lawns, paths, Lawns, gardens and infrastructure (tables etc) managed garden, bush land and park by Council. infrastructure Land care groups and Council work on maintaining natural bush land areas. Swimming in public Safety general Patrolled by lifeguards during the day and by security pool (open) during the night. Maintenance of infrastructure Well lit, well used and open for visual surveillance. Fishing Safety general Fishing is not regulated at the reserve. Overall fishing within the reserve is not popular and therefore signage regarding fishing activities is not seen as being necessary by Council. Band Rotunda Maintenance of structure The rotunda is occasionally used for entertainment/weddings. The rotunda may be hired by

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Attractions/featur Management Issues Mitigation/comments es the public through bookings made through the information centre. Basin Cafe and Leasing and management of Provides an additional attraction. Gorge Restaurant the site Leased by Council for commercial uses. The Cataract Training This Program began in 2006 and has been expanding Gorge Reserve ever since. Currently there are opportunities for cottage Volunteer Program Managing volunteers rosters attendants, a curator, educators, gardeners and guides. etc. Cottages Maintenance Provides additional attraction for reserve visitors. Leased by Council to artists for workshops/exhibitions. Guided Walks Volunteer based trained by Organised through the Information Centre and Council staff. undertaken by volunteers trained by Council. World's longest General safety Leased by Council to a commercial operator. single span chairlift Maintenance is the responsibility of operator. Information centre Maintenance The small centre is located within the reserve and run by volunteers. Overseen by Council. Staffed by volunteers

Contacts: Trevor Galbreth 03 6323 3000 Link: http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=205

2. Blackbutt Reserve, Newcastle City Council, NSW.

Overview

Blackbutt Reserve is six kilometres from Newcastle’s Central Business District, nestled in the suburbs of New Lambton and Kotara. The reserve occupies over 182 hectares of natural bushland comprising Eucalypt Forest and pockets of significant remnant vegetation. Blackbutt Reserve also boasts a restored rainforest providing habitats for a number of rare and vulnerable species. The reserve has easy parking at various locations. Access to visitors with disabilities is available via the Carnley Avenue and Richley Reserve entrances. A park conservation fee has been introduced to assist with improvements and future conservation of the reserve. The fee of $1.30 per hour or $4.20 a day per vehicle only applies to the carparks at the Richley Reserve and Carnley Avenue picnic areas. Lookout Road and Mahonoy Drive areas are fee free.

Relevance of case study:

. Blackbutt Reserve is a prominent natural bushland area located in close proximity to urban development; . The reserve features a variety of innovative programs including educational programs and animal interactions; . Blackbutt Reserve receives a variety of additional income streams to support the various programs and attractions associated with the reserve; and . The reserve has received an extensive array of tourism awards.

Key attractions and features:

. BBQ/picnics; . Animal encounters; . Spotlight Adventures; . Junior Ranger Program; . Information Cottage; and

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. Bush walk along the 10km of walking tracks.

Funding sources:

The reserve is primarily funded by Newcastle City Council.

Additional income streams include:

. Parking fees; . Fees charged for participation in reserve programs (Animal Encounters and Junior Ranger Program); . Use of volunteers reduces financial costs incurred to Council and; . Sponsors who fund educational programs and certain off site programs.

Key management issues and mitigation Attractions/features Management Issues Mitigation/comments BBQ/picnics Maintenance Funded by Council and maintained by Council’s works program. Animal encounters General safety Animal encounters are run all year round (2pm Staff and volunteer training Koala Encounter or book in for another animal) they do not require funding as all it entails is the customer patting an animal of choice and a short talk. Therefore they do not require funding (as in sponsorship). All Animal Encounters are run by one Council staff member and possibly a volunteer (depending on the size of the group). Spotlight Adventures General safety The Junior Ranger Program is a sponsored Junior Ranger Staff and volunteer training program. Participants are charged and funds Program. are used to purchase program requirements, enhance program and pay staff. The programs run every school holidays on selected days. Information Cottage Maintenance/staffing Funded by Council and run by Council staff and volunteers. Bush walk along the Maintenance Funded by Council and maintained by Council 10km of walking works program. tracks Additional information

Number of staff – 9 full time staff, fully funded by Council.

Volunteers – 44 active volunteers, these are Blackbutt volunteers they do not volunteer at other Council departments/sections.

Sponsors: Tomago Aluminium -Bringing Blackbutt to You, Newcastle Permanent -Junior Ranger program; Woolworths Kotara - animal sustenance and Junior Ranger

Community group involvement – volunteers, Blackbutt also accommodates Work for the Dole participants, work experience students, TAFE students and small community groups ( local scout groups, duke of Edinburgh students).

A brief overview of management structure – Field Staff (6) - Supervisor (1) - Admin (1) - Co-ordinator (1).

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Attractions/features Management Issues Mitigation/comments Information relating to successes within the park – to continually upgrade and develop new services and programs (do not allow them to become out dated) and follow market trends (on-line booking forms etc).

Contacts: Brad West M.0409 222803 Links: http://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/recreation/blackbutt_reserve/about_ushttp://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/__dat a/assets/pdf_file/0005/172328/BlackbuttBrochure_web.pdf

3. Hogarth Falls & People’s Park, Strahan, West Coast Council, Tasmania.

Overview

West Coast Council, with assistance from Sport and Recreation Tasmania, worked together to developed flyers promoting various walks throughout the area. The flyers are available for download on Councils website. (refer to link below). These walks range from casual strolls along some of the better-known streets to walks to mountain peaks for the experienced walker. The reserves and associated trails/structured are managed by both West Coast Council and National Parks and Wildlife. Council is responsible for management of reserve infrastructure within the town areas.

Relevance of case study:

. Hogarth Falls & People’s Park, Strahan is a prominent natural bushland area located in close proximity to urban development;

Key attractions and features:

. Nature trails . Viewing platforms

Funding sources: Council funds all reserve infrastructures within town areas primarily through Government grants and rates charges.

Key management issues and mitigation Attractions/features Management Issues Mitigation/comments Nature trails Construction and maintenance of Maintained by Council funds and as required dual use trails (pedestrian/bikes) within constraints of Council budget. No Viewing platforms within town areas. significant issues relating to safety/ management.

Contacts: Peter Fitchat (03) 6471 4700 Links: http://www.westcoast.tas.gov.au/page.aspx?u=329http://www.westcoast.tas.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Hog arthFalls.pdf

4. Mugga Hill Reserve, Dubbo City Council.

Overview

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Mugga Hill Reserve, located on the edge of Dubbo, has been transformed from a disused area associated with the illegal dumping of rubbish dumping, antisocial behaviour and weed infestation to a shared use recreation area, with the Community and Council actively managing to transform the area. This Council and Community partnership has involved installation of physical traffic barriers to stop access for anti-social activities and encouraging Community use of the site through the creation of a recreation trail, transforming a previously degraded bush land. Both parties have worked hard on improving weed control (particularly the Weed of National Significance Tiger Pear) to transform a previously degraded and neglected area into a healthy and popular area attracting residents and visitors to enjoy the natural beauty and diversity of the area. The reserve is open bush land and does not have any significant open spaces requiring maintenance of Council other than the car park area which also contains bins and tables.

Relevance of case study:

. Mugga Hill Reserve is a natural bushland area located in close proximity to urban development; . The reserve was previously underutilised and has been transformed using innovative community involvement (mountain bike club) and minimal Council funding; and . The Mugga Hill Restoration Project - Local Government Environment Award winner 2012.

Key attractions and features:

. picnics; . mountain biking; . walking/running; and . bird watching.

Funding sources:

The reserve is primarily funded by Dubbo City Council. There are no additional income streams to supplement management of the reserve. The local mountain bike club contributed significant volunteer hours to the site clean-up and establishment of a 4.5 km bike trail on the site. This provided a significant saving for Council as the construction costs for a bike trail is estimated at $10,000 per km. The local mountain bike club now maintains the bike trails though club member volunteer hours. All mountain bike club members are required to pay membership fees that cover insurance for incidents relating to club activities. The mountain bike club is managed privately.

Key management issues and mitigation Attractions/features Management Issues Mitigation/comments Picnics Maintenance of picnic tables Repairs and replacement as required and at cost to Council Mountain biking, Maintaining trails The local mountain bike club maintains the trails Rider safety and runs regular competitions (weekly) at the Reserve. Walking/running No maintenance required Walking trails becoming more used due to proximity to town (2km) and active surveillance on site associated with increased variety of user groups. Bird watching tracks No maintenance required Former motor bike tracks have been modified into mountain bike tracks eliminating disturbance to wildlife caused by noisy activity. Bird watching is not formally being developed or managed by Council or any community group. The activity is being undertaken as an individual interest.

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Attractions/features Management Issues Mitigation/comments Antisocial Eliminating antisocial behaviour from Establishment of bollards and gates in locations behaviour/dumping the site resulting in reduced amenity, that enable vehicle access into the reserve has rubbish and health issues (drug eliminated dumping and evidence of usage) drinking/drug use. Increased public surveillance on site has further reduced incidence of dumping and anti-social behaviour. Signage and surveillance cameras were initially used to deter illegal dumping but were not effective.

Contacts: Lynton Auld 0428 267 104 Link: no link

5. Bangalow Swimming Pool Park, Byron Shire Council.

Overview

The reserve is located along the fringe of the township of Bangalow and features a public swimming pool associated with a weir on Byron Creek. The weir was built in 1924 by the local community to provide a place for the children of the community to swim safely and congregate. The reserve and associated weir has historically provided community use and enjoyment as generations of kids learned to swim there, carnivals were held and other events like dances and socials. During this time the pool and weir were maintained by community volunteers. The weir was heavily used and greatly valued for swimming and aesthetic values up to 2010 when the weir was undermined by what is understood to be the roots of a large gum tree. Since the integrity of the structure has been undermined, the weir provides a significant management issue to Council due to cultural, environmental, economic and safety impacts associated with the repair and/or removal of the weir.

Relevance of case study:

. As with the Danger Falls Reserve, the Bangalow Swimming Pool Park features a public swimming area and is located in close proximity to the urban area of Bangalow; . The reserve receives an additional income stream via use of the heritage building by the local Historic Society. The funding is ultimately used for some maintenance of the building; and . The reserve also provides an example of potential management problems associated with formalised swimming areas and associated infrastructure.

Key attractions and features:

. War Memorial; . Heritage Museum; . Children’s playground; . Picnic facilities; . BBQ’s; and . Amenities.

Funding sources:

Byron Shire rates and development contributions (under section 94 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979) are primarily used for maintenance of the reserve including open space and reserve infrastructure (such as BBQ, playground and amenities) .

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Funding associated with Landcare activities for plantings etc.

Heritage Museum receives some revenue from the operation of a tea house by the Historic Society.

Key management issues and mitigation Attractions/features Management Issues Mitigation/comments Weir Pool Safety within weir pool Council works required to maintain safety issues associated with the weir such as debris in the Integrity of weir structure weir, removal of sludge and waste, grinding exposed corroded metal supports associated with weir, and as mentioned above Council are required to maintain the integrity of the structure as a result of tree root impacts. Heritage Museum Maintenance The building is managed by Council and largely funded by Council. The local Historic Society Overseen by Heritage House occupies the site and runs a tea room which Bangalow and Tennis Court Section generates some revenue for both the Historical 355 Committee Society and maintenance of the building.

Operation of the tea room Delegation of Council authority for uses of the building by the Historic Society is provided for under Section 377 of the Local Government Act, 1993, War Memorial Maintenance These Reserve features are maintained by Children’s Maintenance Council funding and repaired on an as needs playground basis within the constraints of Councils budget. Picnic facilities Maintenance Council’s budget is provided for by Council rates BBQ’s Maintenance and s94 developer contributions. Amenities Maintenance

Maintenance primarily related to weathering of structures. Landcare Access to reserve Council works together with Landcare and the community to ensure the site maintains a Eradication of weeds healthy natural state via weed removal and plantings of native species. Coordination of community planting etc

Contacts: Michael King 0266267000 Andy Urskine 02 6685 9300 Links: http://www.byron.nsw.gov.au/playgrounds-and-picnic- areas/bangalowhttp://www.bangalowlandcare.org.au/news/articles/the-bangalow-weir-and-pool-a-community- asset-in-crisis/

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Appendix B B Labyrinth Concept Design

DRAFT Plan of Management PART B – Dangar Falls Reserve

PROPOSED LABYRINTH

ROAD

CORAMBA CARPARK

DANGAR FALLS

PRELIMINARY CONCEPT DESIGN

THIS DRAWING IS FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE USED FOR mia harper CONSTRUCTION UNLESS AUTHORISED BY MIA HARPER CLIENT PROJECT SITE SITE DETAILS DRAWING PLOT DATE ALL DIMENSIONS & LEVELS TO BE CHECKED ON SITE BY CONTRACTOR PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION 30/11/2012 architectural & landscape design ALL BOUNDARIES AND CONTOURS SUBJECT TO SURVEY LABYRINTH PROPOSED DANGAR FALLS LOT 7004 DP 1052130 SITE PLAN - PART Member Aust Institute of Landscape Designers & Managers DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING, WRITTEN DIMENSIONS TAKE PRECEDENCE Member Aust Institute Horticulture IF ANY DISCEPANCIES ARISE THEY ARE TO BE REPORTED TO MIA HARPER PRIOR TO THE COMMITTEE LABYRINTH 208 Coramba Road Crown Reserve 19416 SCALE PROJECT No DRAWING No REVISION BSc. Arch, B.Arch, Dip Hort (Landscape Design) COMMENCEMENT OF WORK THIS DRAWING IS SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT AND MUST NOT BE USED COPIED OR REPRODUCED DORRIGO NSW 2453 1:1000NTS @ A3 1845 Coramba Road Megan NSW 2453 DORRIGO 2012-07 SK - 1 WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION p 02 6657 4071, m 0488 427 737 e [email protected]

feet 700 meters 200 PROPOSED SCULPTURES (x4) sculptured standing rocks

PROPOSED GARDEN BEDS - AREA 210m2 - TIMBER EDGING - 190 lin m

PROPOSED TIMBER SEATS (x4) with concrete base

PROPOSED LABYRINTH pavers / rocks / pebbles / mosaics (final finish & colours to be determined) on concrete base

laid to follow natural contours

000 18 18

16 000 0 1 2 3 4 5

PRELIMINARY CONCEPT DESIGN

THIS DRAWING IS FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE USED FOR mia harper CONSTRUCTION UNLESS AUTHORISED BY MIA HARPER CLIENT PROJECT SITE SITE DETAILS DRAWING PLOT DATE ALL DIMENSIONS & LEVELS TO BE CHECKED ON SITE BY CONTRACTOR PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION 30/11/2012 architectural & landscape design ALL BOUNDARIES AND CONTOURS SUBJECT TO SURVEY LABYRINTH PROPOSED DANGAR FALLS LOT 7004 DP 1052130 LANDSCAPE PLAN Member Aust Institute of Landscape Designers & Managers DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING, WRITTEN DIMENSIONS TAKE PRECEDENCE Member Aust Institute Horticulture IF ANY DISCEPANCIES ARISE THEY ARE TO BE REPORTED TO MIA HARPER PRIOR TO THE COMMITTEE LABYRINTH 208 Coramba Road Crown Reserve 19416 SCALE PROJECT No DRAWING No REVISION BSc. Arch, B.Arch, Dip Hort (Landscape Design) COMMENCEMENT OF WORK THIS DRAWING IS SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT AND MUST NOT BE USED COPIED OR REPRODUCED DORRIGO NSW 2453 1:200 @ A3 1845 Coramba Road Megan NSW 2453 DORRIGO 2012-07 SK - 2 WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION p 02 6657 4071, m 0488 427 737 e [email protected] PERSPECTIVE 1 PERSPECTIVE 2

PRELIMINARY CONCEPT DESIGN

THIS DRAWING IS FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE USED FOR mia harper CONSTRUCTION UNLESS AUTHORISED BY MIA HARPER CLIENT PROJECT SITE SITE DETAILS DRAWING PLOT DATE ALL DIMENSIONS & LEVELS TO BE CHECKED ON SITE BY CONTRACTOR PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION 30/11/2012 architectural & landscape design ALL BOUNDARIES AND CONTOURS SUBJECT TO SURVEY LABYRINTH PROPOSED DANGAR FALLS LOT 7004 DP 1052130 PERSPECTIVES Member Aust Institute of Landscape Designers & Managers DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING, WRITTEN DIMENSIONS TAKE PRECEDENCE Member Aust Institute Horticulture IF ANY DISCEPANCIES ARISE THEY ARE TO BE REPORTED TO MIA HARPER PRIOR TO THE COMMITTEE LABYRINTH 208 Coramba Road Crown Reserve 19416 SCALE PROJECT No DRAWING No REVISION BSc. Arch, B.Arch, Dip Hort (Landscape Design) COMMENCEMENT OF WORK THIS DRAWING IS SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT AND MUST NOT BE USED COPIED OR REPRODUCED DORRIGO NSW 2453 nts 1845 Coramba Road Megan NSW 2453 DORRIGO 2012-07 SK - 3 WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION p 02 6657 4071, m 0488 427 737 e [email protected] PRELIMINARY COSTINGS source: Rawlinsons Australian Construction Handbook Edition 28, location:Sydney, excluding GST LABYRINTH AREA - 260m2, GARDEN BED AREA - 210m2, BENCH SEATS - 4 (10m2 CONCRETE BASE), SCULPTURES - 4

EXCAVATION: (Rawlinsons) Excavate over site to reduce levels in clay - $27.30/cum TOTAL: 270m2 x 0.15m deep = 40.5m3 $1,105.65

CONCRETE: (Rawlinsons) concrete including F72 fabric reinforcement, 100mm thick - $47.50sqm TOTAL: 270m2 $12,825.00

PAVING: (Rawlinsons) Paving bricks / cobblestone pavers laid on prepared foundation 230x230x50mm / 190x190x50mm - $57.40sqm Laying paving to patterns - $6.00-$11.00sqm - intricate pattern - $11.00sqm TOTAL: 260m2 $17,784.00

OUTDOOR FURNITURE: (Rawlinsons) Cast aluminium framed with powdercoat finish and bases set into paving Bench seat - 1750x705 wide, timber slats - $975.00 (or hardwood timber by local woodworker) TOTAL: 4 seats $3,900.00

SCULPTURES: (Mia Harper) to be made by local sculptor - sculptured standing rocks set into solid base - $3000 each TOTAL: 4 sculptures $12,000.00

GARDEN BED PREPARATION: (Rawlinsons) Prepare ground surface to receive improved soil / top soil by rotary hoeing -$0.41sqm Improved soil / top soil spread in layers over ground and raked & levelled -150mm thick - $9.75sqm TOTAL AREA: 210m2 $2,133.60

GARDEN EDGING: (Mia Harper) set out, level and install - timber 100x25mm - $14.00 lin m TOTAL LENGTH: 190m $2,660.00

PLANTING: (Mia Harper) Planting per 100m2 - supply, set out, fertilise & water - $25.00/m2 (Plants - 140mm pot - 150 plants, 200mm pot - 50 plants, 300mm pot - 4 plants, 45ltr - 4 plants, 100ltr -2 plants) TOTAL AREA: 210m2 $5,250.00

SUB TOTAL: $57,658.25

PROFESSIONAL FEES: Architect / Landscape Designer - 10% $5,765.82

TOTAL: $63,424.08 excluding GST

COUNCIL / GOVERNMENT/ AUTHORITY FEES: not included LIGHTING: PRELIMINARY CONCEPT DESIGN not included

THIS DRAWING IS FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE USED FOR mia harper CONSTRUCTION UNLESS AUTHORISED BY MIA HARPER CLIENT PROJECT SITE SITE DETAILS DRAWING PLOT DATE ALL DIMENSIONS & LEVELS TO BE CHECKED ON SITE BY CONTRACTOR PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION 30/11/2012 architectural & landscape design ALL BOUNDARIES AND CONTOURS SUBJECT TO SURVEY LABYRINTH PROPOSED DANGAR FALLS LOT 7004 DP 1052130 PRELIMINARY COSTINGS Member Aust Institute of Landscape Designers & Managers DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING, WRITTEN DIMENSIONS TAKE PRECEDENCE Member Aust Institute Horticulture IF ANY DISCEPANCIES ARISE THEY ARE TO BE REPORTED TO MIA HARPER PRIOR TO THE COMMITTEE LABYRINTH 208 Coramba Road Crown Reserve 19416 SCALE PROJECT No DRAWING No REVISION BSc. Arch, B.Arch, Dip Hort (Landscape Design) COMMENCEMENT OF WORK THIS DRAWING IS SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT AND MUST NOT BE USED COPIED OR REPRODUCED DORRIGO NSW 2453 @ A3 1845 Coramba Road Megan NSW 2453 DORRIGO 2012-07 SK - 4 WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION p 02 6657 4071, m 0488 427 737 e [email protected]