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Universidad Nacional Del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Universidad Nacional del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche COMPOSICIÓN Y DIVERSIDAD DE LA FLORA DE AFLORAMIENTOS ROCOSOS DEL NORTE DE LA PATAGONIA Y SU RELACIÓN CON FACTORES AMBIENTALES A DISTINTAS ESCALAS Trabajo de Tesis para optar al Título de Doctor en Biología Lic. Karina Lilian Speziale Directora: Dra. Cecilia Ezcurra 2012 Tabla de contenidos Resumen…...……………………………………………………….….………………..4 Abstract…..…………………………………………………………..…………………6 Introducción General….…………………………………………….…………………8 Los afloramientos rocosos del noroeste de la Patagonia ...............................11 Hipótesis general............................................................................................13 Objetivo general.............................................................................................13 Objetivos particulares ....................................................................................13 Metodología.............................................................................................................. 14 Área de estudio ..............................................................................................14 Recolección de datos......................................................................................16 Estructura general de la tesis .................................................................................... 18 Tabla ......................................................................................................................... 20 Figuras…..…...…………………………………………………………………..….23 Capítulo 1: La composición florística de los roquedales nordpatagónicos y su relación con la matriz…………………………………………………………………41 Resumen ................................................................................................................... 42 Introducción.............................................................................................................. 43 Objetivo..........................................................................................................46 Hipótesis y predicciones ................................................................................46 Métodos .................................................................................................................... 48 Análisis de datos ............................................................................................48 Resultados................................................................................................................. 50 Características florísticas de la vegetación de los roquedales .......................50 Relaciones florísticas entre roquedales..........................................................51 Relaciones florísticas entre los roquedales y la matriz ..................................51 Especies más allá de su distribución principal...............................................52 Discusión .................................................................................................................. 54 Tablas ....................................................................................................................... 60 Figuras ...................................................................................................................... 66 Capítulo 2: El efecto del clima sobre la composición de especies de los roquedales …………………………………………………………………………………69 Resumen ................................................................................................................... 70 Introducción.............................................................................................................. 72 Objetivo..........................................................................................................74 Hipótesis y predicciones ................................................................................74 Métodos .................................................................................................................... 76 Recolección de datos......................................................................................76 Análisis de datos ............................................................................................77 Resultados…………………………………………………………………….…….79 Escala de micrositio .......................................................................................79 Escala local ....................................................................................................80 Escala regional...............................................................................................81 Discusión .................................................................................................................. 83 Tablas ....................................................................................................................... 88 Figuras ...................................................................................................................... 92 2 Capítulo 3: La riqueza de especies a escala regional, local y de micrositio…........106 Resumen ................................................................................................................. 107 Introducción............................................................................................................ 108 Objetivo ....................................................................................................... 112 Hipótesis y predicciones ..............................................................................112 Métodos .................................................................................................................. 114 Recolección de datos....................................................................................114 Análisis de datos ..........................................................................................115 Resultados............................................................................................................... 118 Escala de micrositio .....................................................................................118 Escala local ..................................................................................................119 Escala regional.............................................................................................119 Discusión ................................................................................................................ 120 Tablas ..................................................................................................................... 125 Figuras .................................................................................................................... 130 Capítulo 4: Las especies exóticas en los roquedales y la matriz………………...135 Resumen ................................................................................................................. 136 Introducción............................................................................................................ 138 Objetivo........................................................................................................140 Hipótesis y predicciones ..............................................................................140 Métodos .................................................................................................................. 142 Recolección de datos………………………………………………………142 Análisis de datos ..........................................................................................142 Resultados............................................................................................................... 144 Flora exótica de los roquedales y la matriz adyacente.................................144 Gradiente de la composición de especies exóticas en los roquedales..........145 Determinantes de la riqueza de especies exóticas en los roquedales...........145 Gradiente de la composición de especies exóticas en la matriz...................146 Riqueza de especies exóticas en la matriz y sus determinantes...................146 Composición de especies exóticas comparando los roquedales con la matriz .................................................................................................................... 147 Discusión ................................................................................................................ 148 Tablas ..................................................................................................................... 153 Figuras .................................................................................................................... 163 Conclusiones finales………………………………………………………………..173 Resultados principales……………………………………………………………..174 Conclusiones………………………………………………………………………176 Consideraciones finales.......................................................................................... 179 Bibliografía…………...………………………………………………………………182 Agradecimientos…..………………………………………………………………….204 Anexo…...……………………………………………………………………………..205 Trabajos publicados…….…………………………………………………………....214 3 Resumen Frente a las graves consecuencias para la biota de los efectos del cambio global de origen antrópico, el estudio de alternativas que permitan la subsistencia de las especies reviste especial importancia. La hipótesis de trabajo de esta tesis es que los roquedales de la región nordpatagónica funcionan como refugio para especies de la flora regional que no pueden sobrevivir en la matriz. Para poner
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