A Model for Ethnic Community for Tourism Development As a Secondary Attraction in Bangkok

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A Model for Ethnic Community for Tourism Development As a Secondary Attraction in Bangkok BAN KHMER AND BAN YUAN VILLAGES : A MODEL FOR ETHNIC COMMUNITY FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AS A SECONDARY ATTRACTION IN BANGKOK By Chiranut Sopha A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2009 BAN KHMER AND BAN YUAN VILLAGES : A MODEL FOR ETHNIC COMMUNITY FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AS A SECONDARY ATTRACTION IN BANGKOK By Chiranut Sopha A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2009 The Graduate School, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the Thesis title of “ Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan : A Model for Ethnic Community Tourism Development as a Secondary Tourist Attraction in Bangkok ” submitted by Miss Chiranut Sopha as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism. ……........................................................................ (Associate Professor Sirichai Chinatangkul,Ph.D.) Dean of Graduate School ........../..................../.......... The Thesis Advisor Professor Emeritus Ken Taylor The Thesis Examination Committee ................................................................. Chairman (Professor Emeritus Trungjai Buranasomphob, Ph.D) ............/......................../.............. .................................................................. Member (Associate Professor Chaiyasit Dankittikul, Ph.D) ............/......................../.............. ................................................................. Member (Professor Ken Taylor) ............/......................../.............. 48056952: MAJOR: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM KEYWORDS: SECONDARY ATTRACTION/CULTURAL TOURISM/ TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CHIRANUT SOPHA: BAN KHMER AND BAN YUAN VILLAGES: A MODEL FOR ETHNIC COMMUNITY FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AS A SECONDARY ATTRACTION IN BANGKOK. THESIS ADVISOR: PROFESSOR EMERITUS KEN TAYLOR, 171pp. This research aims to review the heritage values and cultural significance of Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan villages in Bangkok for development as a secondary attraction with appropriate development, management and recommendation for tourism development plan at Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan. It has been found that Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan is valuable villages have considerable inherent potential heritage value. They are the first and oldest Christian community in Bangkok that conserve and maintain their own cultural landscape and heritage although the location is in the center of Bangkok. Heritages in Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan have both intangible and tangible heritages that they are still existing. Although, Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan are interesting places to visit, there is no serious tourism development plan to serve the community as a tourist attraction and rarely tourists visit the place. The villages have potential heritages to attract the tourists and act as the tourism attraction to serve the main tourism attraction in Bangkok. Therefore, a proposed development plan is needed which mainly focus on area management and development the tourism in the villages. The development plan for tourism in Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan consists of four programs: interpretation, management, development and recommendation. Finally, the proper tourism development and the support from all stakeholders will lead the successful tourism development of Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan as a secondary attraction in Bangkok. Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2009 Student’s signature………………………………………………. Thesis Advisor’s signature………………………………………. c Acknowledgements For the successful of my Ph.D.study, I would like to express my sincere gratefulness for the most important persons who provide me the opportunity and contributions. The first person who I would like to express my very sincere thanks and appreciation is my best supervisor Professor Emeritus Ken Taylor for his kindness, advice, guidance, opinion, and support for my thesis. I would like to say special thanks to Professor Dr. Trungjai Buranasomphob for her suggestion and assistance. I would like to say special thanks to Associate Professor Dr.Chaiyasit Dankittikul for his kindness, useful advice and his valuable time for my thesis. My very special thanks to all of my lecturers at Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism program, Professor Dr. William S. Logan, Professor Dr. William R. Chapman, Dr.Russell Staiff, Dr.Donald Ellsmore, Dr.Colin Long and all special Thai lecturers for their instructions. I would like to say thank you to all of my colleagues who give me the heart support for my study. I am very glad to say thanks to Miss Thienrat Sakasuparerk , the nice staff of the program for her kindness and administrative support. I would like to say very special thanks to Associate Professor Dr. Sirote Pholpunthin, the president of Rajabhat Suan Dusit University who provide me the opportunity and support. I would like to thanks my office, Suan Dusit Rajabhat University for the best opportunity and financial support. My special thanks goes to my friends and my colleagues at my office who give me heart support. At last, my deepest gratitude goes to my beloved family, especially my father and mother who always give me, support, everything and endless love and care. I am happy and have a good luck to be their daughter. Above everything, I would like to say thanks to Ban Khmer and Ban Yuan villages and my beloved country, Thailand. d Table of Contents Page Abstract…………………………………………………………………………… c Acknowledgement…………………………………………………....................... d List of Figures……………………………………………………………………. h List of Tables…………………………………………………………………….. l Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………................... 1 General Information…………………………………………………… 1 Statement of Significance………………………………...................... 2 Objectives………………………………………………. …………… 7 Research Methodology……………………………………………….. 7 Study Boundaries……………………………………………………… 9 Definitions of Terms……………………………………... …............... 10 2 Literature review………………………………………………………… 11 Cultural Landscape……………………………………………………. 11 Cultural and Heritage Management for Tourism……………………… 15 Cultural Tourism………………………………………………….. 16 Hierarchy of Cultural Tourism Attraction…………..…………….. 18 Heritage…………………………………………………………… 18 Heritage Tourism………………...……………………………….. 21 Tangible Cultural Heritage……………………………………….. 21 Intangible cultural Heritage.……………...………………………. 21 Cultural Heritage Management..…………………………………. 22 Cultural Heritage Conservation..………………………….................. 22 Tourism….……………………………………………….................... 23 Sustainable Tourism…………………………………................... 24 Urban Tourism…………………………………………………… 27 Interpretation…………………………………………………………. 28 Other Related Concepts and Documents…………………………….. 29 Bangkok City Plan…………………………………………………… 29 Hoi An Protocols…………………………………………………….. 30 Cultural route………………………………………………………… 31 Heritage Trail………………………………………………………… 32 Tourist………………………………………………………………… 32 3 Data Collection and Analysis and Site Background and Information….……………………………………………………………. 34 Research methodology and approach……………………................... 34 The survey of primary and secondary sources……..………………… 35 Process of Study………………………………………………….. 35 Preparatory Research…………..…….………………..……………… 35 The Collection and Categorization..……………………..…………… 35 Data Collection…………………………………………………… 35 Data Analysis…………………………………………………….. 35 e Chapter Page Background of Historical and Social Context of the Historical Community in Bangkok……………………..……………… 35 History of Bangkok…………………….………………………….. 35 History of the Villages………….…………………………………. 41 General Information of the area and Tourism Potential…………………………………………………. 46 Other Significant Communities…………………..…………………… 49 Improving the Existing………………………………..………………. 53 4 Significance Assessment of Baan Khmer and Baan Yuan villages.............. 55 The Concept of Cultural Significance………………………………… 55 Assessment of Significance of Baan Khmer and Baan Yuan villages……………………………………….…………. 55 Aesthetic Value…………………………...…………..…………… 56 Historic Value……………………………………….…………….. 59 Social Value………………………………………………………. 59 Spiritual Value…………………………………………………….. 62 Assessment of Baan Khmer and Baan Yuan Community for Secondary Attraction………………………………………………….. 63 5 The Development Program for the site as Secondary Attraction…………. 66 The community at the present………………………………………… 66 People and area……………………………………………………….. 66 Tourism resources……………………………………………………. 67 Other interesting resources…………………………………………… 73 Potential Area for tourism development of the community………….. 73 The critical point for making Baan Khmer and Baan Yuan As the new destination and ethnic tourism in Bangkok…………….. 76 Interpretation……………………………………………….................. 78 Orientation zone………………………………………………………. 78 Tourist Service center………………………………………………… 79 Interpretation area……………………………………………………. 79 Management Plan…………………………………………………….. 86 Ideology of Management……………………………………………… 86 Ideology of Cultural Tourism………………………………………… 87 Cultural characteristic area and market or occupation area…………………………………………………. 87 Promotion Strategies for Tourism………………………………… 88 Development Plan…………………………………………………….. 98 Objects Development for Tourism……………………………………. 98 Objects development
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