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Sediment Yields and Erosion Rates in the Napo River Basin: an Ecuadorian Andean Amazon Tributary
Sediment Transfer through the Fluvial System (Proceedings of a symposium held in Moscow, August 2004). 220 IAHS Publ. 288, 2004 Sediment yields and erosion rates in the Napo River basin: an Ecuadorian Andean Amazon tributary A. LARAQUE1, C. CERON1, E. ARMIJOS2, R. POMBOSA2, P. MAGAT1 & J. L. GUYOT3 1 HYBAM (UR154 LMTG), IRD - BP 64 501, F-34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France [email protected] 2 INAMHI –700 Iñaquito y Correa, Quito, Ecuador 3 HYBAM (UR154 LMTG), IRD – Casilla 18 1209, Lima18, Peru Abstract This paper presents the first results obtained by the HYBAM project in the Napo River drainage basin in Ecuador during the period 2001–2002. Three gauging stations were installed in the basin to monitor suspended sediment yields, of which two are located in the Andean foothills and the third station on the Ecuador–Peru border in the Amazonian plain. At the confluence of the Coca and Napo rivers, the suspended sediment yield transported from the Andes Mountains is 13.6 106 t year-1 (766 t km-2 year-1). At the Nuevo Rocafuerte station 210 km downstream, the susp- ended sediment yield reaches 24.2 106 t year-1 for an annual mean discharge of 2000 m3 s-1. These values indicate intensive erosion processes in the Napo Andean foreland basin between the Andean foothills and the Nuevo Rocafuerte station, estimated to be 900 t km-2 year-1. These high rates of erosion are the result of the geodynamic uplift of the foreland. Keywords Amazon Basin; Andes; Ecuador; erosion; hydrology; Napo River; suspended sediment INTRODUCTION Most (95%) of the sediment discharged to the Atlantic Ocean by the Amazon River comes from the Andes Mountains although the range only covers 12% of the surface area of the Amazon basin. -
Unraveling the Mystery of the Origin of Ayahuasca by Gayle Highpine1
______________________________________________________________________________________________www.neip.info Unraveling the Mystery of the Origin of Ayahuasca by Gayle Highpine1 ABSTRACT For decades, researchers have puzzled over the mystery of the origin of Ayahuasca, especially the question of how the synergy was discovered between the the two components of the brew: the vine (Banisteriopsis caapi) with a monoamine oxidase inhibiting (MAOI) action and the leaf (Psychotria viridis or Diplopterys cabrerana), which requires that MAOI action to make their dimethyltryptamine (DMT) orally active. Drawing from two years of fieldwork among Napo Runa Indian shamans, cross-dialect studies of Quechua, and the record of anthropological data, I contend that the botanical origin of B. caapi was on the Napo River; that the original form of Ayahuasca shamanism employed the vine Banisteriopsis caapi alone; that the shamanic use of Banisteriopsis caapi alone spread and diffused before the DMT-containing admixtures were discovered; that the synergy between B. caapi and Psychotria viridis was discovered in the region of present-day Iquitos, the synergy between B. caapi and Diplopterys cabrerana was discovered around the upper Putumayo River, and that each combination diffused from there; and that the discoveries of these synergies came about because of the traditional practice of mixing other medicinal plants with Ayahuasca brew. Among the Napo Runa, the Ayahuasca vine is considered “the mother of all plants” and a mediator and translator between the human and plant worlds, helping humans and plants to communicate with each other. 1 The author has a BA in Applied Linguistics and an MA in Educational Policy, Foundations, and Administration from Portland State University. -
Malaria in the Amazon River Basin of Ecuador
Global Advanced Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (ISSN: 2315-5159) Vol. 5(11) pp. 269-277, November, 2016 Available online http://garj.org/garjmms Copyright © 2016 Global Advanced Research Journals Full Length Research Paper Malaria in the Amazon River Basin of Ecuador Llangarí-Cujilema JL 1, Chiluisa-Guacho CV 1, Taipe-Oña BI 1, Licuy-Grefa FR 1, Silva-Salas SD 2, Toral FA 3 and Velasquéz-Serra GC 4* 1Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública. INSPI. Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez. Zonal-Tena. Ecuador 2Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Coordinación Zonal 2 Salud. Ecuador 3Ministerio de Salud Pública. Ecuador. Centro de Salud Tipo A Tiputini. Ecuador 4Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública INSPI. Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez. Prometeo Senescyt. Ecuador Accepted 29 October, 2016 Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. It is the protozoal disease with greatest impact on the world. It affects more than 100 countries and Ecuador is one of the 21 endemic countries in the Americas, mainly in the Amazon. The aim of the study was to identify clinical and epidemiological factors of risk associated with the diagnosis of febrile patients treated at the Health Center Type A- Tiputini. The investigation corresponds to a descriptive study, field and cross-sectional, conducted during the Epidemiological weeks 1-31 on the banks of the Napo River, Canton Aguarico, Orellana Province in Ecuador during year 2015. Several risk factors related to area of study, such as geo-political distribution, and environmental variables, clinical characteristics of present illness and a history of malaria of patients. -
FROM: Scientists Concerned for Yasuní National Park TO
FROM: Scientists Concerned for Yasuní National Park TO: Ingeniero Lucio Gutiérrez President of the Republic of Ecuador Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President of the Federative Republic of Brazil José Eduardo de Barros Dutra President and CEO of Petrobras CC: Ingeniero Eduardo López Minister of Mining and Energy, Republic of Ecuador Dr. Fabián Valdivieso Minister of the Environment, Republic of Ecuador Sebastiao Manchineri President, COICA Leonidas Iza President, CONAIE Juan Enomenga President, ONHAE Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund The Courts of the Republic of Ecuador, including the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador RE: Proposed Petrobras road into Yasuní National Park DATE: November 25, 2004 Distinguished Leaders: We respectfully write you to express our opposition to the approved Petrobras plan to construct a 54-kilometer road from the Napo River into Yasuní National Park to facilitate oil extraction. Yasuní is the largest national park in Ecuador, and has been internationally recognized for its importance, receiving designation as a UNESCO Man and The Biosphere Reserve in 1989. The road will extend 24 kilometers into one of the most intact portions of the park. We represent leading scientists of Yasuní National Park, and other tropical researchers concerned for the future of Yasuní. We come from Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Denmark, England, Germany, Greece, Scotland, Spain, and from across the United States including Puerto Rico. Together we have well over 100 years of experience conducting research in the park. We have studied many aspects of its biodiversity — plants, amphibians, insects, birds and mammals — as well as the impacts of the Maxus Road, which was built in 1994 into northwest Yasuní for petroleum activities. -
7-Night Itinerary Aboard the M/V Anakonda Amazon Cruise
7-NIGHT ITINERARY ABOARD THE M/V ANAKONDA AMAZON CRUISE WEDNESDAY – WEDNESDAY EXPLORING THE AMAZON This is a journey that takes us into the endless heart of biodiversity, which extends its fabulous prism of life throughout the Amazon Basin. As detailed below, the very nature of this jungle realm teaches us that the best way to explore it is through a unique means of transportation: by navigating down the river on a fabulous, state-of-the-art vessel set to explore this truly unique environment. The inspiring adventure will provide many unexpected, astonishing encounters. We will discover the Yasuní (the largest of Ecuador’s continental National Parks), a wild and untamed realm in the heart of the Ecuadorian Rainforest. We will climb observation towers to enjoy unique perspectives of the forest and explore black water rivers escorted by otters and turtles. We will hike trails learning about the wonderful flora that makes up the eternal green of Ecuadorian Amazonia. DAY 1. WEDNESDAY: QUITO – COCA – NAPO RIVER Departure from Quito. A short 30-minute flight takes us to the frontier town of Coca (Francisco de Orellana) – and transfer to the dock, where we will embark on a motorized canoe and navigate down river about 1 hour, to board the M/V ANAKONDA AMAZON CRUISE. Throughout the journey we have a chance to admire the rainforest landscape and banks of the great Napo River. Immediately after boarding the M/V Anakonda, we continue navigating downstream. Passengers will have their first opportunities to enjoy the exciting features of our cruise ship: the spacious social areas, comfortable suites, and an observation deck that offers spectacular views. -
Check List 17 (4): 1181–1185
17 4 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 17 (4): 1181–1185 https://doi.org/10.15560/17.4.1181 Rediscovery of Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858) (Characiformes, Characidae) in Ecuador after more than three decades Jonathan Valdiviezo-Rivera1*, Martha Buenaño Carriel2, Daniel Escobar-Camacho3 1 Unidad de Investigación, División de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador • [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-5370 2 Red Ecuatoriana de Ictiología, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador • [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2531-2361 3 Instituto BIOSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador • [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-4331 * Corresponding author Abstract Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858) (Characidae) is rediscovered in Yasuní National Park, eastern Ecuador, where it has not been reported since 1987. We present a detailed taxonomic description, including measurements and photo- graphs, as well as a distribution map of this species in Ecuador. Based on our new evidence, we confirm the presence of H. unilineatus in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Keywords Amazon Basin, ichthyofauna, measurements, Yasuní National Park Academic editor: Victor De Brito | Received 16 April 2021 | Accepted 16 August 2021 | Published 30 August 2021 Citation: Valdiviezo-Rivera J, Buenaño Carriel M, Escobar-Camacho D (2021) Rediscovery of Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858) (Characi- formes, Characidae) in Ecuador after more than three decades. Check List 17 (4): 1181–1185. https://doi.org/10.15560/17.4.1181 Introduction Hemigrammus (Gill, 1858) is a diverse genus of small Napo River (Stewart et al. 1987). However, years later, Neotropical characids with 61 valid species, which are H. -
Development of a Detection and Early Warning System for Malaria in the Amazon
Development of a Detection and Early Warning System for Malaria in the Amazon William Pan Duke University Beth Feingold, Ben Zaitchik, Alex Sandoval, Carlos Alvarez Antonio, and Rosa Patricia Zegarra Vasquez Overview Background Malaria in the Amazon …in Peru Objectives & Data Framework Results Conclusions Malaria Global Extent & Background 100 Countries, >2.3 billion at risk - 300-500M people infected annually - 1-3 million deaths each year • 90% of mortality in children < 5 Occurs mostly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America 4 malaria species (identified in 1889) : Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae Spread person-person by female Anopheles mosquito (Ross discovered vector in 1897) Anopheles darlingi is the dominant malaria vector in the Peruvian Amazon Bing rates are influenced by both climate and land cover Symptoms (e.g., fever, chills, etc.) appear ~5-10 days aer being bien by an infected mosquito. Malaria in the Amazon 60-80% of malaria in the Americas is P. vivax - Dominican Republic & Haiti are almost exclusively P. falciparum 95% of cases in the Americas occur in Amazon basin countries Confirmed cases declined 66% from 2000 to 2010 in the Amazon In 2011 (Amazon only): - 30% of the population live in areas of transmission risk - 80% of cases reported in Brazil or Colombia - Guyana, Colombia, Suriname – highest rates of infection (10-30 cases/ 1000); Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru – lowest rates (0.5-2.5 cases / 1000) Malaria in Peru, 2012 P. vivax P. falciparum Iquitos Lima Puerto Maldonado P. vivax malaria, 2012 vs. 2007 -
Sediment Yields and Erosion Rates in the Napo River Basin: an Ecuadorian Andean Amazon Tributary
Sediment Transfer through the Fluvial System (Proceedings of a symposium held in Moscow, August 2004). 220 IAHS Publ. 288, 2004 Sediment yields and erosion rates in the Napo River basin: an Ecuadorian Andean Amazon tributary A. LARAQUE1, C. CERON1, E. ARMIJOS2, R. POMBOSA2, P. MAGAT1 & J. L. GUYOT3 1HYBAM (UR154 LMTG), IRD - BP 64 501, F-34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France [email protected] 2INAMHI-700 Iñaquito y Correa, Quito, Ecuador 3 HYBAM (UR154 LMTG), IRD - Casilla 18 1209, Limai8, Peru Abstract This paper presents the first results obtained by the HYBAM project in the Napo River drainage basin in Ecuador during the period 2001-2002. Three gauging stations were installed in the basin to monitor suspended sediment yields, of which two are located in the Andean foothills and the third station on the Ecuador-Peru border in the Amazonian plain. At the confluence of the Coca and Napo rivers, the suspended sediment yield transported from the Andes Mountains is 13.6 1061 year-1 (7661 km'2 year1). At the Nuevo Rocafuerte station 210 km downstream, the susp ended sediment yield reaches 24.2 1 06t year'1 for an annual mean discharge of 2000 m3 s'1. These values indicate intensive erosion processes in the Napo Andean foreland basin between the Andean foothills and the Nuevo Rocafuerte station, estimated to be 9001 km'2 year'1. These high rates of erosion are the result of the geodynamic uplift of the foreland. Keywords Amazon Basin; Andes; Ecuador; erosion; hydrology; Napo River; suspended sediment INTRODUCTION Most (95%) of the sediment discharged to the Atlantic Ocean by the Amazon River comes from the Andes Mountains although the range only covers 12% of the surface area of the Amazon basin. -
POPULATION DYNAMICS of the AMAZONIAN PALM Mauritia Flexuosa: MODEL DEVELOPMENT and SIMULATION ANALYSIS
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE AMAZONIAN PALM Mauritia flexuosa: MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS By JENNIFER A. HOLM A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2007 1 © 2007 Jennifer A. Holm 2 To my family who encouraged me at a young age, to keep striving for academic knowledge, and to my friends 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully thank my supervisory committee, Dr. Kainer and Dr. Bruna, and most importantly my committee chair, Dr. Wendell P. Cropper Jr. for their time and effort. I acknowledge the School of Natural Resources and Conservation, the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, and the Tropical Conservation and Development Program, the United States Forest Service, and the Fulbright Scholar Program for funding and guidance. Data collection in Ecuador was conducted with the help from Dr. Christopher Miller, Drs. Eduardo Asanza and Ana Cristina Sosa, Joaquin Salazar, and all the Siona people of Cuyabeno Faunal Reserve. Data collected in Peru was conducted with the help from Weninger Pinedo Flores, Exiles Guerra, Gerardo Bértiz, Dr. Jim Penn, and with the generosity of Paul and Dolly Beaver of the Tahuayo Lodge. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for their support through my education experience, Heather, Chris, friends, and fellow graduate students. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 -
Water Quality in the Napo River Basin (Ecuadorian Andean Amazonia)
Water Quality in the Napo River Basin (Ecuadorian Andean Amazonia): The Andean Amazon Rivers Analysis and Management project (AARAM) Author(s): Remigio Galárraga and Maria Cristina Torres Source: Mountain Research and Development, 21(3):295-296. Published By: International Mountain Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0295:WQITNR]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/0276-4741%282001%29021%5B0295%3AWQITNR %5D2.0.CO%3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. 294 GLORIA–EUROPE: Report on the Kickoff Meeting, 25–29 April, Vienna Program (IGBP) is a link to interna- tional research programs. Close contacts also exist with the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA) program of DIVERSITAS and the Global Terrestrial Observa- tion System (GTOS). GLORIA– Europe is also recognized by the European Environmental Agency (EEA) as a part of European envi- ronmental monitoring activities. -
Downloads/Spm Unedited Advance for Posting Htn.Pdf (Accessed on 2 April 2021)
water Article Variations in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities and Biological Quality in the Aguarico and Coca River Basins in the Ecuadorian Amazon Santiago Cabrera 1,2,*, Marie Anne Eurie Forio 1 , Koen Lock 1, Marte Vandenbroucke 3, Tania Oña 2, Miguel Gualoto 4, Peter L. M. Goethals 1 and Christine Van der heyden 3 1 Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Block F, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (M.A.E.F.); [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (P.L.M.G.) 2 Natural Resources Career, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Avenida 17 de julio 5-21 y Gral, José María Córdova, Ibarra EC100150, Ecuador; [email protected] 3 Health and Water Technology Research Centre, Hogeschool Gent/University of Applied Science and Arts, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (M.V.); [email protected] (C.V.d.h.) 4 Environmental Engineering Career, Faculty of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, J. Queri, Quito 59302, Ecuador; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Cabrera, S.; Eurie Forio, Abstract: Adequate environmental management in tropical aquatic ecosystems is imperative. Given M.A.; Lock, K.; Vandenbroucke, M.; the lack of knowledge about functional diversity and bioassessment programs, management is Oña, T.; Gualoto, M.; Goethals, P.L.M.; missing the needed evidence on pollution and its effect on biodiversity and functional ecology. Van der heyden, C. Variations in Therefore, we investigated the composition and distribution of the macroinvertebrate community Benthic Macroinvertebrate along two rivers. -
Promoting Forest Conservation Through Ecotourism Income?
ISSN 0854-9818 OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 21 March 1999 Promoting Forest Conservation through Ecotourism Income? A case study from the Ecuadorian Amazon region Sven Wunder CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH Office address: Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindangbarang, Bogor 16680, Indonesia Mailing address: P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia Tel.: +62 (251) 622622; Fax: +62 (251) 622100 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cgiar.org/cifor Contents Summary 1 Tourism, Economics and Conservation 1 The Study Area: Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador 3 The Quichuas: A Salary Model 5 The Cofans of Zábalo: An Autonomous Model 6 The Siona-Secoyas: An Intermediate Model 9 A Comparison of Local Tourism Income 11 Socioeconomic Impacts 13 Environmental Impacts 14 Conclusions and Recommendations 17 Endnotes 19 Literature Cited 23 Figure Figure 1. From tourism participation to conservation 3 Map Map 1. Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve 4 Tables Table 1. Mutual obligations of Transturi and the Zancudo community according to 1994 Letter of Agreement (LoA) 6 Table 2. Zancudo tourism income 6 Table 3. Playas de Cuyabeno tourism income 7 Table 4. Zábalo yearly tourism income 8 Table 5. San Pablo tourism income 10 Table 6. Puerto Bolívar yearly tourism income, from collaboration with Nuevo Mundo and Neotropic agencies 11 Table 7. Comparing local tourism income in Cuyabeno villages 12 Table 8. Examples of potential conflicts between the goals of raising local tourism income and of minimising social and environmental impacts 19 List of Acronyms BMZ Bundesministerium