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Homes on the Range: Conservation in Working Prairie Landscapes Proceedings of the 8th Prairie Conservation and Endangered Species Conference and Workshop March 1-3, 2007 Regina, Saskatchewan i Homes on the Range: Conservation in Working Prairie Landscapes Proceedings of the 8th Prairie Conservation and Endangered Species Conference and Workshop March 1-3, 2007 Regina, Saskatchewan Robert Warnock, David Gauthier, Josef Schmutz, Allen Patkau, Patrick Fargey and Michael Schellenberg, Editors iii © 2008 Saskatchewan Prairie Conservation Action Plan Published by Canadian Plains Research Center, Regina, Saskatchewan iv Table of Contents Introduction, Conference History, Sponsors, Awards and Youth Wrap-up 1 Members of the 8th PCESC Organizing Committee 4 Welcome to the Proceedings of the 8th Prairie Conservation and Endangered Species Conference 3 History of the Prairie Conservation and Endangered Species Conference (PCESC) 6 Conference Sponsors 7-8 The Prairie Conservation Awards 9 2007 Prairie Conservation Award Winners 10 Richard Quinlan Prairie Conservation Award -Alberta 10 Barry Adams - Prairie Conservation Award -Alberta 12 Marilyn Latta - Prairie Conservation Award -Manitoba 14 Lorne Scott - Prairie Conservation Award –Saskatchewan 15 The 2007 Countryside Canada Stewardship Recognition Award 16 The Future Conservation Leader Awards 18 Wrap Up of the 8th Prairie Conservation and Endangered Species Conference 19 Plenary Presentations 21 A Prairie Future – for People: Conservation as Livelihood, Knowledge and Community - Roger Epp 23 The Integrated Bottom Line - L. Hunter Lovins 32 Coming Full Circle: Return of the Bison to Grasslands National Park of Canada - Cheryl Penny 46 Rangeland Home Maintenance: What it means to “get it” – when you live on the grasslands. - Francis W. Gardner 48 Rangeland Home Maintenance: Do You Get It? - Barry Adams 56 A Call for Conservation Planning for Sage Grouse and Energy Development - David E. Naugle, Kevin E. Doherty and Brett L. Walker 60 Landscape Planning for Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Sense of Place - Doug Olson 72 Introduction to the Workshops 85 Introduction to the Workshops - David Gauthier 87 Growing People and Communities 91 Growing People and Communities: Workshop Rationale and Synthesis - Glenn Sutter and Diane Martz 93 Further Considerations on Engaging Rural Communities for Conservation - Roger Epp 99 Prairie Learning Centre: An Educational Partnership Connecting Native Prairie to Community - Karin Smith Fargey 101 Natural Heritage Areas in Winnipeg - Cheryl Heming 102 The Craik Sustainable Living Project - Lynn Oliphant 103 Relearning the role of “community” in environmental governance: the case of the Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve - Maureen G. Reed 107 Fostering a learning community: the role of local knowledge and a ‘sense of place’ - Karen Rempel 119 Sustainability is Responsibility - Peta White 126 Ecological Services 129 Value and Preservation of Ecological Services of the Northern Great Plains - Josef K. Schmutz, Allen Patkau, Ken Belcher, Renny W. Grilz, Peter E. Joyce, Wade and Louise Popescul and Kerry Holderness 131 v Climate Change 187 Climate Change in the Prairies - Norman Henderson, Elaine Barrow, Polo Diaz, Mark Johnston, Suren Kulshreshtha, David Sauchyn and Jeff Thorpe 189 Invasive Species and Diseases 199 Plant Invasions Past, Present, and Future - Jim Jacobs and Ron Nadwarnick 201 Wildlife Diseases and Prairie Conservation: Life in the Global Village? - Todd Shury 209 Invasive Alien Species and Diseases Workshop Synthesis - Darcy Henderson and Garth Wruck 219 Endangered Species and Spaces 225 Update on the Species at Risk Act (SARA) - David C. Duncan 227 The Alberta Advantage - Richard Quinlan 230 Species and Spaces at Risk in Saskatchewan - Ann Riemer 235 Addressing the Species at Risk Critical Habitat Gap - James R. Duncan 239 Prairie Species-At-Risk Beneficial Management Practices Project - Sue Michalsky 242 Species at Risk and the Rancher - Michael Burgess 245 Species at Risk and the Oil and Gas Industry - Catherine Watson 249 Endangered Species and Spaces Workshop Synthesis - Stephen Davis and Rob Warnock 256 Water Management 263 A Strong Foundation for Action: The Role of Environmental Rights and Other Fundamental Principles in the Design of Environmental and Resource Management Legislation - Jerry DeMarco 265 Ideal Water Legislation for Saskatchewan - R.J. Schutzman 273 Swimming Against the Current: Water Management in Saskatchewan - M.A. Bowden 278 Water Management Workshop Synthesis - Dale Hjertaas 286 Poster Papers 291 Operation Burrowing Owl: Conserving Grassland Habitat in Saskatchewan - Andrea Kotylak, Kimberly Dohms, Robert Warnock and Margaret Skeel 293 Piping Plover Population Changes in Saskatchewan 1991 - 2006 - Paule Hjertaas and J. Paul Goosen 300 Using Birds as Indicators of Biodiversity on Prairie Farms in Alberta - Glen T. Hvengaard 308 Poster Abstracts 317 Future Conservation Leader Award Poster Abstracts 319 Soil Erosion – Conserving Riparian Zones - Hayden Muller and Alana Closs 319 Bird Banding - Thomas Kirk 319 Flower Power: A Study of Natural and Chemical Fertilizer Effectiveness - Danielle Gray 319 Surveying Environmental Attitudes - Kaytlyn Barber 320 Water Management Using Irrigation - Jonah N. Palaschak 321 Grass Management: The Preservation of Potential - Renée M. Perrault 321 Growing People and Communities 323 Celebrating the Life of Land - Ruth Blaser, Brenda MacLauchlan, Barbara Mader and Carolyn McDade 323 Incorporating Adult Education Principles into Range Management Training - Chris Nykoluk 323 vi Community Action Research on Aquatic Biodiversity in the Frenchman Watershed - Diane Martz, Glenn Sutter, Jean Lauriault, André Martel, Rachel Martz and Jana Berman 324 Volunteer for Nature: Restore, Explore, Learn and more… - Samantha Hines-Clark 325 Establishment of the Indigenous Garden at the First Nations University of Canada - Fidji Gendron 325 Alberta Prairie Conservation Forum - Cheryl Dash and Louella Cronkhite 326 The Saskatchewan Prairie Conservation Action Plan (SK PCAP) Stewardship Education Programs for Elementary School Audiences: A Fun and Games Approach to Learning - Karyn Scalise and Lauren Burton 327 Ecological Good and Services 328 Naturescape Manitoba - Cherly Heming 328 The Importance of Agricultural Crown Lands to Conservation: A Home for Prairie and Endangered Species - Mary Brick and Chuck Deschamps 328 Riparian Plant Communities of Southern Alberta: Detailed Site and Soil Characterization to Improve Management - Ron McNeil, Barry Adams, Norine Ambrose, Bruce Walker and Angela Burkinshaw 329 Habitat Selection and Effects on Plant Communities by a Top Herbivore: Cattle - Joann Skilnick, Marco Musiani and Michael Alexander 330 The Use of Property Tax Credits to Conserve Natural Capital - Cynthia Edwards, Lyle Boychuk, Graham Thibault and Dave Howerter 331 Climate Change 332 Environmental Controls of Food Web Structure and Energy Flow in Saline Prairie Lakes - B. Wissel, R. Cooper, S. Dietrich and P. Leavitt 332 Saskatchewan Plantwatch: Monitoring Climate Change Through Plant Phenology - Deanna Trowsdale-Mutafov 332 Endangered Species and Spaces 334 Are There Enough Burrows for Burrowing Owls on PFRA Pastures? Survey Results and the Use of Nest Boxes - R.G. Poulin, C.C. St. Clair, E.M. Bayne, L.D. Todd, T.I. Wellicome, E. Svedson and B. Bristol 334 Nesting success in Burrowing Owls: Why Don’t the Owls Come Back? - Adam T. Ford, Troy Wellicome, Ray Poulin and Danielle Todd 334 Dispersal is a Cause of Burrowing Owl Decline in Canada - Geoff Holroyd, Jason Duxbury and Helen Trefly 335 Distribution, Ecology, and Summer Origin of Wintering Burrowing Owls in Mexico - Geoff Holroyd, Jason Duxbury, Helen Trefly and Enrique Valdez 336 Northern Saw-whet Owl Migration Monitoring at Delta Marsh, Manitoba - Christopher De Ruyck and Nicola Koper 336 Status of Peregrine Falcon in the Prairies - Geoff Holroyd, Ursula Banasch and Gordon Court 337 Pembina Valley Raptor Migration Counts - J.Paul Goosen, Al Schritt, Dorothy Schritt, Luc Blanchette and Valorie Goosen 337 Frequent Hybridization Occurrence in an Endangered Sage-Grouse: Population and the Impact on Sage-Grouse Conservation - Krista L. Bush, Jennifer Carpenter and Joel Nicholson 338 Genetic Diversity Analysis of the Northern Montana Sage Grouse Population: Consequences for the management of the endangered Canadian sub-populations. - Krista L. Bush and Cynthia A. Paszkowski 338 vii Spatial and Temporal Variation in Nesting Success of Prairie Ducks (SpATS) - Robert B. Emery, David W. Howerter, Llwellyn M. Armstrong, Michael G. Anderson, Melanie T. Radder, and Mary E. Garvey 339 Factors affecting Piping Plover productivity at Big Quill Lake, Saskatchewan - Cheri L. Gratto-Trevor 340 After the Flood: Conservation of Piping Plovers through Emergency Captive Rearing - Corie L. White and D. Glen McMaster 341 Influence of Local and Landscape Factors on Habitat Use by Common Nighthawks in Southwestern Saskatchewan - Janet W. Ng, R. Mark Brigham, Joseph M. Piwowar and Stephen K. Davis 341 Parental care by Sprague’s Pipits: nestling provisioning and growth rates in native and planted grasslands. - Kimberly M. Dohms, R. Mark Brigham and Stephen K. 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  • Protecting the Crown: a Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park

    Protecting the Crown: a Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park

    Protecting the Crown A Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU) RM-CESU Cooperative Agreement H2380040001 (WASO) RM-CESU Task Agreement J1434080053 Theodore Catton, Principal Investigator University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Diane Krahe, Researcher University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Deirdre K. Shaw NPS Key Official and Curator Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 June 2011 Table of Contents List of Maps and Photographs v Introduction: Protecting the Crown 1 Chapter 1: A Homeland and a Frontier 5 Chapter 2: A Reservoir of Nature 23 Chapter 3: A Complete Sanctuary 57 Chapter 4: A Vignette of Primitive America 103 Chapter 5: A Sustainable Ecosystem 179 Conclusion: Preserving Different Natures 245 Bibliography 249 Index 261 List of Maps and Photographs MAPS Glacier National Park 22 Threats to Glacier National Park 168 PHOTOGRAPHS Cover - hikers going to Grinnell Glacier, 1930s, HPC 001581 Introduction – Three buses on Going-to-the-Sun Road, 1937, GNPA 11829 1 1.1 Two Cultural Legacies – McDonald family, GNPA 64 5 1.2 Indian Use and Occupancy – unidentified couple by lake, GNPA 24 7 1.3 Scientific Exploration – George B. Grinnell, Web 12 1.4 New Forms of Resource Use – group with stringer of fish, GNPA 551 14 2.1 A Foundation in Law – ranger at check station, GNPA 2874 23 2.2 An Emphasis on Law Enforcement – two park employees on hotel porch, 1915 HPC 001037 25 2.3 Stocking the Park – men with dead mountain lions, GNPA 9199 31 2.4 Balancing Preservation and Use – road-building contractors, 1924, GNPA 304 40 2.5 Forest Protection – Half Moon Fire, 1929, GNPA 11818 45 2.6 Properties on Lake McDonald – cabin in Apgar, Web 54 3.1 A Background of Construction – gas shovel, GTSR, 1937, GNPA 11647 57 3.2 Wildlife Studies in the 1930s – George M.