DOCSLIB.ORG

The Revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt #2 May 2011 Special Issue PERSPECTIVES Political analysis and commentary from the Middle East PEOPle’s POWER THE ARAB WORLD IN REVOLT Published by the Heinrich Böll Stiftung 2011 This work is licensed under the conditions of a Creative Commons license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. You can download an electronic version online. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions: Attribution - you must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work); Noncommercial - you may not use this work for commercial purposes; No Derivative Works - you may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Editor-in-chief: Layla Al-Zubaidi Editors: Doreen Khoury, Anbara Abu-Ayyash, Joachim Paul Layout: Catherine Coetzer, c2designs, Cédric Hofstetter Translators: Mona Abu-Rayyan, Joumana Seikaly, Word Gym Ltd. Cover photograph: Gwenael Piaser Printed by: www.coloursps.com Additional editing, print edition: Sonya Knox Opinions expressed in articles are those of their authors, and not HBS. Heinrich Böll Foundation – Middle East The Heinrich Böll Foundation, associated with the German Green Party, is a legally autonomous and intellectually open political foundation. Our foremost task is civic education in Germany and abroad with the aim of promoting informed democratic opinion, socio-political commitment and mutual understanding. In addition, the Heinrich Böll Foundation supports artistic, cultural and scholarly projects, as well as cooperation in the development field. The political values of ecology, democracy, gender democracy, solidarity and non-violence are our chief points of reference. Heinrich Böll’s belief in and promotion of citizen participation in politics is the model for the foundation’s work. Our programme areas in the Middle East are: n Statehood & Participation n Conflict & International Politics n Environmental Justice n Culture & Dialogue 2 Heinrich Böll Stiftung Contents Editorial People’s Power: The Arab World in Revolt 7 A Revolution of Ideas n The Arab Revolts: Ten Tentative Observations Mouin Rabbani 10 n Revolutions Bring Down Ideas As Well! Fawaz Traboulsi 14 n The Revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt: The People Without Populism Ahmad Beydoun 22 n What the People Want… Mohammed Ali Atassi 28 n Revolutions for Democracy Hussein Yaakoub 35 Arab Streets and Arab Publics: A New Political Culture? n The “Arab Spring:” Rebirth or Final Throes of Pan-Arabism? Yassine Temlali 46 n A New Arab Street in Post-Islamist Times Asef Bayat 50 n What Next for the “Arab Street?” Muhammad Ali Khalidi and Terry Regier 54 n The Other Face of the January Revolution: The People’s Desire to Liberate Their Language! Mansoura Ez-Eldin 58 Revolutions in Real Time: The Mediatization of Political Struggle n The Role of Al-Jazeera (Arabic) in the Arab Revolts of 2011 Aref Hijjawi 68 n Media Lives Up to Its Name as Game Changers in Spreading Arab Revolutions Magda Abu-Fadil 74 n Social Media and the Revolutions: How the Internet Revived the Arab Public Sphere and Digitalized Activism Doreen Khoury 80 n Digital Activism: Arabs Can Do It Themselves Interview with Sami Ben Gharbia 86 n Portrait: Slim Amamou – From Digital Activist to State Secretary Eva Lehnen 90 Heinrich Böll Stiftung 3 The Social Costs of Authoritarianism n Whither the Political and Social Movement in Arab Countries: Can We Expect a New Arab Renaissance? Adib Nehme 96 n Arab Leaders and Western Countries: Swapping Democracy for Business Interests Ibrahim Saif 106 n The Revolutions of the Arab Region: Socio-economic Questions at the Heart of Successful Ways Forward Ziad Abdel Samad and Kinda Mohamadieh 112 n Feeding the Arab Uprisings Rami Zurayk 119 n Freedom Is the Prerequisite for Bread Interview with Ibrahim Awad 126 “The People Demand...” the Downfall or the Reform of the Regime? n The Youth Revolution: A First Reading of the Social and Cultural Conditions Surrounding the Tunisian Revolution Mehdi Mabrouk 132 n What Kind of Transition for Egypt? Issandr El Amrani 145 n Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood and the 25 January Revolution Dalal Bizri 150 n Yemen’s Revolution: The Lack of Public Reasoning Nadia Al-Sakkaf 159 n Bahrain: Change of the Regime or Changes Within the Regime? Mostafa Abdulla 163 n A Tense Syria in a Changing Arab World Yassin al-Haj Salih 170 n It is Imperative that the International Community Sends a Clear Message Interview with Anas Abdah and Astepho Ablahad 180 n Libyan Re-independence and Reclaiming the Revolution Ghazi Gheblawi 188 n Algeria, or the Desire for a Future Ghania Mouffok 192 n The Arab Revolutions-in-the-Making and Palestine George Giacaman 198 n Distorted Democracy: Democratic Transformation and Sectarian Identities in Iraq after 2003 Anbara Abu-Ayyash 202 n The Lebanese “Secularist” Movement in the Shadow of the Arab Democratic Movements Hassan Abbas and Hussein Yaakoub 208 4 Heinrich Böll Stiftung Testimonies n Heroic Resolve in the Face of the Omnipresent Machine of Oppression: Recounting the Events of the Tunisian Revolution Malek Sghiri 214 n Fear and Revolution in Libya Nahla Daoud 220 n The Price of the Divide on Libya: Why I Support the No Fly Zone Tasnim Qutait 224 n Encounters on the Margin of Revolution Muzna Al-Masri 228 Participation and Justice n In the Wake of Arab Revolts: Women’s Rights in the Balance Interview with Hanan Abdel Rahman-Rabbani 234 n We Are Not Accomplices to Power! A New Role for the Judiciary Interview with Nizar Saghieh 242 n A Chronicle of Legislative Developments in the Aftermath of the Tunisian Revolution: A Revolution Seeks the Means to Succeed! Wahid Ferchichi 248 n Nothing Was Ever Brought to Trial Interview with Magda Adly 258 International and Security Politics n American Policies: Debating National Interests Raed Fakeeh 262 n EU-Libya Agreements on Refugees and Asylum Seekers: The Need for a Reassessment Urs Fruehauf 270 n Goodbye Free Libya? A Report from Benghazi Nicolas Pelham 276 n The Securitization of Political Rule: Security Domination of Arab Regimes and the Prospects for Democratization Mouin Rabbani 282 Heinrich Böll Stiftung 5 Editorial People’s Power: The Arab World in Revolt he self-immolation of young and jobless revolutions have cracked two central myths. Tunisian Mohamed Bouazizi in the Both the international actors, skeptical towards provincial town of Sidi Bouzid, upon prospects for democracy in the Arab world, Tbeing deprived of his vegetable stand as well as authoritarian leaders themselves and humiliated by the authorities, triggered had dearly held on to these narratives: First, popular movements and historic events in the that Arab societies constituted an “exception” Arab World completely unexpected in their and were not “mature” for democracy; and magnitude… second, that political Islam and/or chaos would But were they really that unexpected? constitute the only alternative to dictatorship. Have not generations of activists, journalists, The initial euphoria about people’s power and ordinary citizens for decades tirelessly to enforce change has been clouded by the pointed out the repressive practices of their staggering numbers of victims, mainly in Libya, governments? Was it not common knowledge but also by the brutality employed against that thousands were executed, imprisoned, protesters in Bahrain, Yemen and Syria. It is exiled, and that dissent was silenced in many clear, however, that there is no going back. other ways; Was not testimony after testimony Euphoria has transformed into broad political collected, and report after report submitted? awareness, and while the remarkable process of Did not countless experts, Arab and foreign, people’s self-empowerment demands respect, repeatedly stress the need for comprehensive it also demands the international community to political reforms, for economic opportunities for thoroughly review its existing policies towards the growing youth population, for a redistribution the region. The opening of the political space of wealth, and for the establishment of provides a unique opportunity to finally listen to accountable and transparent governance? what the populations on the Southern shores of Two questions therefore are to be asked: the Mediterranean, and especially the young First, what has happened? What burst the generation, have to say. dam and finally pushed millions of citizens to Apart from the already enormous tasks of the streets in the Arab cities and countryside? democratizing state institutions, organizing Which element tore down the wall of fear that elections, and reforming the notorious security had prevented Arab societies for decades from apparatuses, huge efforts will be necessary holding their leaders accountable? How is it that in order to match political participation with neither political parties nor religious movements the demands for equality and socio-economic took to the streets, but rather people – people, development. While the magnitude of peacefully shaking the foundations of deeply transformations and challenges are immense, entrenched authoritarian rule and emerging as the future remains volatile. new and proud political actors? Since the events started to unfold in And second, what invested these regimes - December 2010, much has been speculated as most of them had already lost legitimacy a about the Arab “Spring,” “Awakening” or long time ago - with such long-lasting resilience “Renaissance.” (some of them remaining resilient at this point Will these popular revolts translate into of time)? sustainable change? Will counter-movements History is still very much in the making. What emerge, should citizens not feel that their seems clear, however, is that the current popular lives have improved? In what way will foreign Heinrich Böll Stiftung 7 interests determine the course of events? This special issue was put together in a very The authors in this special edition of short time, and during a period in which many “Perspectives Middle East” address the above of the authors were personally engaged in the questions and many more.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bahrain Imprisonment, Torture and Statelessness: the Darkening Reality of Human Rights Defenders in Bahrain International Mission Report
    BAHRAIN IMPRISONMENT, TORTURE AND STATELESSNESS: THE DARKENING REALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN BAHRAIN International Mission Report June 2015 Cover photos: Photos of Hussain Jawad, Ghada Jamsheer, Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja, Sayed Ahmed Al-Wedaei, Ibrahim Al-Dimistani, Naji Fateel, Madhi Abu Deeb, Mohammed Al-Maskati, Zainab Al-Khawaja, Taïmoor Karimi and Nabeel Rajab. All rights reserved. Directors of publication: Karim Lahidji, Gerald Staberock Authors of the report: Safya Akorri Edition and coordination: Alexandra Pomeon O’Neill and Miguel Martín Zumalacárregui Design: CBT / Lay out: Stéphanie Geel Imprimerie de la FIDH Dépôt légal juillet 2015 FIDH (English ed.) ISSN 2225-1804 – Fichier informatique conforme à la loi du 6 janvier 1978 (Déclaration N° 330 675) 2 The Observatory IMPRISONMENT, TORTURE AND STATELESSNESS: THE DARKENING REALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN BAHRAIN TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY . 5 I. THE CONTEXT: A SHRUNKEN SPACE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS . 6 A. Political context ..............................................................6 B. Legal framework . 8 B.1. Restrictions to freedom of association .......................................8 B.2. Criminal provisions used to repress human rights defenders .....................9 II. CASES OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS SUBJECTED TO JUDICIAL HARASSMENT IN BAHRAIN 11 • Mr. Madhi Abu Deeb. .11 • Mr. Ibrahim Al-Dimistani. 13 • Mr. Naji Fateel. 15 • Ms. Ghada Jamsheer .........................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • News Coverage Prepared For: the European Union Delegation to Egypt
    News Coverage prepared for: The European Union delegation to Egypt . Disclaimer: “This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of authors of articles and under no circumstances are regarded as reflecting the position of IPSOS or the European Union.” 1 . Thematic Headlines Domestic Scene Egyptians in Greece Call for Sacking Envoy Protesters Prevent PM from Exiting Ministry Premises 103,000 Egyptian Expats Vote in 2nd Phase of Elections Sabahi: I Will Stand Against Israel to Protect Palestinian Rights Court to Examine 200 Complaints to Nullify Elections in Cairo, Halt Them in Giza Presidential Hopeful Abu-Ismail: US Contact Huge Victory to Islamists FJP: The Constituent Assembly Hands Cuffs the Parliament Mubarak’s Wealth Advisory Council Holds Its First Meeting El-Ganzouri: The Economic Situation Is Devastating Hatata: SCAF Has No Political Experience SCAF Denies Mulla’s Statement Interior Minister Meets 1000 Officers Elections Updates in Al-Masry Al-Youm newspaper. Elections Updates in Al-Tahrir newspaper. MB Guide to Members: Be Modest and Remove Copts’ Fears Investigations of Mohamed Mahmoud Clashes Start within Days General Elections Updates in al-Ahram First Phase Polls Results Annulled in Alexandria’s Third Constituency Al-Nour Calls Cooperation with Freedom and Justice Field Marshal Tantawi visits Tahrir Square Ahmad Zwel Meets Field Marshal Tantawi Elections Updates in al-Akhbar Israel’s Ambassador Arrives Today The Egyptian Mufti is Number 12 on the List of the World’s Most Influential People Sharaf Apologizes 2 Newspapers (12/12/2011) Page: 1 Author: Muhammad Anz Al-Nour Calls Cooperation with Freedom and Justice Liberal parties coordinated to support 51 candidates in the second phase of the elections.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 May 2021, Rome to His Majesty King Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa Of
    13 May 2021, Rome To His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa of Bahrain, We, Members of the Italian Parliament, are writing to you today to express our deep concerns over the fate of the prisoners of conscience and the human rights defenders currently held in the prisons of the Kingdom of Bahrain. We are aware that not only are these prisoners subjected to unjust punishment and ill-treatment, but that they are also experiencing a disproportionately high risk of illness, as they are deprived of medical attention and personal protective equipment necessary to protect against COVID-19. This situation is great cause for concern, since it violates the values of freedom, dignity, and respect that Italy and the rest of the international community hold dear. Moreover, it does not respect the many international treaties that the Kingdom of Bahrain has signed which aim to defend human freedom, dignity, and safety. These treaties further safeguard an individual’s right to freedom of expression and freedom of speech, and include the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention Against Torture (CAT), and the Arab Charter on Human Rights (ACHR). As you are certainly aware, on 11th March 2021, the EU Parliament passed a resolution that addresses the cases of the prisoners of conscience and human rights defenders who are currently serving their prison sentences. For example, Hassan Mushaima, the leader of the political opposition, the former Secretary-General of the al-Haq Movement for Liberty and Democracy, and co-Founder and former Vice President of al-Wefaq National Islamic Society, has been imprisoned since 2011 because of his political opposition.
    [Show full text]
  • The UK's Relations with Saudi Arabia and Bahrain
    House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee The UK’s relations with Saudi Arabia and Bahrain Fifth Report of Session 2013–14 Volume II Additional written evidence Ordered by the House of Commons to be published 12 November 2013 Published on 22 November 2013 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited The Foreign Affairs Committee The Foreign Affairs Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and its associated agencies. Current membership Rt Hon Richard Ottaway (Conservative, Croydon South) (Chair) Mr John Baron (Conservative, Basildon and Billericay) Rt Hon Sir Menzies Campbell (Liberal Democrat, North East Fife) Rt Hon Ann Clwyd (Labour, Cynon Valley) Mike Gapes (Labour/Co-op, Ilford South) Mark Hendrick (Labour/Co-op, Preston) Sandra Osborne (Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock) Andrew Rosindell (Conservative, Romford) Mr Frank Roy (Labour, Motherwell and Wishaw) Rt Hon Sir John Stanley (Conservative, Tonbridge and Malling) Rory Stewart (Conservative, Penrith and The Border) The following Members were also members of the Committee during the parliament: Rt Hon Bob Ainsworth (Labour, Coventry North East) Emma Reynolds (Labour, Wolverhampton North East) Mr Dave Watts (Labour, St Helens North) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the internet via www.parliament.uk. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including news items) are on the internet at www.parliament.uk/facom.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Women's Liberation in Egypt
    Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 8-1-2017 Global Intersections: a History of Women's Liberation in Egypt Jordan Earls Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Earls, Jordan, "Global Intersections: a History of Women's Liberation in Egypt" (2017). University Honors Theses. Paper 506. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.511 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Global Intersections: A History of Women’s Liberation in Egypt by Jordan Earls An undergraduate honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in University Honors and Social Science Thesis Adviser Taghrid Khuri Portland State University 2017 1 Introduction The struggle of women against constraints placed upon them because of gender is one historically shared worldwide and continues today. In 1989, Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term “intersectional feminism” to describe how intersections of oppression impact women to varying degrees and argued that the goal of feminism must be to challenge these intersections. To not challenge these intersections is to, instead, reproduce them. Crenshaw demonstrates that the failure of American feminism to adequately interrogate the problems of racism caused feminism in the US to replicate and reinforce the racism women of color faced. Likewise, civil rights movements to end racism largely ignored the oppression of women by patriarchy and, in so doing, reproduced the subordination of women.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Repression in Sudan
    Sudan Page 1 of 243 BEHIND THE RED LINE Political Repression in Sudan Human Rights Watch/Africa Human Rights Watch Copyright © May 1996 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-75962 ISBN 1-56432-164-9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was researched and written by Human Rights Watch Counsel Jemera Rone. Human Rights Watch Leonard H. Sandler Fellow Brian Owsley also conducted research with Ms. Rone during a mission to Khartoum, Sudan, from May 1-June 13, 1995, at the invitation of the Sudanese government. Interviews in Khartoum with nongovernment people and agencies were conducted in private, as agreed with the government before the mission began. Private individuals and groups requested anonymity because of fear of government reprisals. Interviews in Juba, the largest town in the south, were not private and were controlled by Sudan Security, which terminated the visit prematurely. Other interviews were conducted in the United States, Cairo, London and elsewhere after the end of the mission. Ms. Rone conducted further research in Kenya and southern Sudan from March 5-20, 1995. The report was edited by Deputy Program Director Michael McClintock and Human Rights Watch/Africa Executive Director Peter Takirambudde. Acting Counsel Dinah PoKempner reviewed sections of the manuscript and Associate Kerry McArthur provided production assistance. This report could not have been written without the assistance of many Sudanese whose names cannot be disclosed. CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators Must Face Justice
    Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators must Face Justice A Report by the Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR) March 2021 Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators must Face Justice I. Executive Summary 3 II. Methodology 4 III. Introduction 5 1. Patterns of Torture 6 1.1 The Prevalence of Torture in the Bahraini Justice System and Extraction of Confessions by Torture 6 1.2 Gross Violations of Fair Trial Rights and Due Process: The Admissibility of Confessions Extracted by Torture in Criminal Proceedings 10 1.3 The Use of Torture and its Chilling Effect on Exercising the Rights to Freedom of Expression, Assembly and Association 11 1.4 Torture and Travel Bans in Reprisal against Human Rights Defenders who Interact with International Human Rights Mechanisms 12 2. Ending the Culture of Impunity: Ensuring that Perpetrators of Torture are Held Accountable 14 2.1 Tackling the Culture of Impunity within Bahrain 14 2.2 Ensuring International Accountability by Moving Away from a Culture of Complicity in the International Community 15 3. Conclusion 20 4. Recommendations 21 4.1 Recommendations to the Government of Bahrain 21 4.2 Recommendations to the International Community 21 2 Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators must Face Justice I. Executive Summary This report provides a comprehensive overview of the specific ways and means by which torture is perpetrated in Bahrain, with a particular focus on the period since the 2011 popular movement and the violent crackdown that followed. The report documents the widespread use of forms of
    [Show full text]
  • Pen International Writers in Prison Committee Caselist
    PEN INTERNATIONAL WRITERS IN PRISON COMMITTEE CASELIST January-December 2013 PEN International Writers in Prison Committee 50/51 High Holborn London WC1V 6ER United Kingdom Tel: + 44 020 74050338 Fax: + 44 020 74050339 e-mail: [email protected] web site: www.pen-international.org PEN INTERNATIONAL CHARTER The P.E.N. Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and may be summarised as follows: P.E.N. affirms that: 1. Literature knows no frontiers and must remain common currency among people in spite of political or international upheavals. 2. In all circumstances, and particularly in time of war, works of art, the patrimony of humanity at large, should be left untouched by national or political passion. 3. Members of P.E.N. should at all times use what influence they have in favour of good understanding and mutual respect between nations; they pledge themselves to do their utmost to dispel race, class and national hatreds, and to champion the ideal of one humanity living in peace in one world. 4. P.E.N. stands for the principle of unhampered transmission of thought within each nation and between all nations, and members pledge themselves to oppose any form of suppression of freedom of expression in the country and community to which they belong, as well as throughout the world wherever this is possible. P.E.N. declares for a free press and opposes arbitrary censorship in time of peace. It believes that the necessary advance of the world towards a more highly organized political and economic order renders a free criticism of governments, administrations and institutions imperative.
    [Show full text]
  • Brutality Unpunished and Unchecked
    brutality unpunished and unchecked EGYPT’S MILITARY KILL AND TORTURE PROTESTERS WITH IMPUNITY amnesty international is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the universal declaration of human rights and other international human rights standards. we are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2012 by amnesty international ltd peter benenson house 1 easton street london wc1X 0dw united kingdom © amnesty international 2012 index: mde 12/017/2012 english original language: english printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, united kingdom all rights reserved. this publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. the copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. to request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover phot o: egyptian soldiers beating a protester during clashes near the cabinet offices by cairo’s tahrir square on 16 december 2011. © mohammed abed/aFp/getty images amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................5 2. MASPERO PROTESTS: ASSAULT OF COPTS.............................................................11 3. CRACKDOWN ON CABINET OFFICES SIT-IN.............................................................17 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Egyptian Women in the 25Th of January Revolution 2011
    American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Papers, Posters, and Presentations 2011 The role of Egyptian women in the 25th of January revolution 2011 Dina Shaaban Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/studenttxt Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons Recommended Citation Shaaban, Dina, "The role of Egyptian women in the 25th of January revolution 2011" (2011). Papers, Posters, and Presentations. 15. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/studenttxt/15 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers, Posters, and Presentations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dina Shaaban 900-98-3959 GWST 501 Dr. Amy Motlagh Spring 2011 Final Paper Role of Egyptian women during the 25th of January revolution Egypt passed though a critical period that changed its future completely. The 25th of January revolution made it possible for Egyptians to call for their rights, defend them and decide on their destiny. Egyptian women are not equally treated as men in the Egyptian society, however they were next to men in Tahrir square calling for freedom and democracy. This revolution witnessed many unique situations, from the huge number of protesters coming out in the streets at the exact same time, to the continuous efforts for making the demonstrations “peaceful”, then the participation of all the nations into the protests no matter their sex, age or background. It was a real “genuine national” revolution, in the sense that every person holding the Egyptian nationality was involved to demand for his/her basic rights.
    [Show full text]
  • My Voice Is My Weapon: Music, Nationalism, and the Poetics Of
    MY VOICE IS MY WEAPON MY VOICE IS MY WEAPON Music, Nationalism, and the Poetics of Palestinian Resistance David A. McDonald Duke University Press ✹ Durham and London ✹ 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Cover by Heather Hensley. Interior by Courtney Leigh Baker Typeset in Minion Pro by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data McDonald, David A., 1976– My voice is my weapon : music, nationalism, and the poetics of Palestinian resistance / David A. McDonald. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8223-5468-0 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978-0-8223-5479-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Palestinian Arabs—Music—History and criticism. 2. Music—Political aspects—Israel. 3. Music—Political aspects—Gaza Strip. 4. Music—Political aspects—West Bank. i. Title. ml3754.5.m33 2013 780.89′9274—dc23 2013012813 For Seamus Patrick McDonald Illustrations viii Note on Transliterations xi Note on Accessing Performance Videos xiii Acknowledgments xvii introduction ✹ 1 chapter 1. Nationalism, Belonging, and the Performativity of Resistance ✹ 17 chapter 2. Poets, Singers, and Songs ✹ 34 Voices in the Resistance Movement (1917–1967) chapter 3. Al- Naksa and the Emergence of Political Song (1967–1987) ✹ 78 chapter 4. The First Intifada and the Generation of Stones (1987–2000) ✹ 116 chapter 5. Revivals and New Arrivals ✹ 144 The al- Aqsa Intifada (2000–2010) CONTENTS chapter 6. “My Songs Can Reach the Whole Nation” ✹ 163 Baladna and Protest Song in Jordan chapter 7. Imprisonment and Exile ✹ 199 Negotiating Power and Resistance in Palestinian Protest Song chapter 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Bogdan SZAJKOWSKI*
    Alternative Politics, Vol.3, No.3, 256-419, November 2011 256 TIMELINE OF THE ARAB REVOLT: DECEMBER 2010 – JUNE 2011 Bogdan SZAJKOWSKI* December 17, 2010 Tunisia - Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old unemployed, sets fire to himself in the central Tunisian town of Sidi Bouzid, protesting at the confiscation by police of his fruit and vegetable cart. He suffers third-degree burns across his entire body and is subsequently treated in the Traumatology Centre for Severe Burns in the town of Ben Arous. His self-immolation sparks demonstrations in which protesters burned tyres and chanted slogans demanding jobs. Protests soon spread to other parts of the country including the towns of al-Ragab and Maknasi in central Tunisia, and later the capital, Tunis. Videos of the Sidi Bouzid demonstrations are online soon after the protest began and the Twitter website carries extensive commentary of the protests. December 19, 2010 Tunisia - Protests spread to Kairouan (holy city located in north-central Tunisia), Sfax (city 270 km southeast of Tunis), and Ben Guerdane (town in south-eastern Tunisia, close to the border with Libya). December 20, 2010 Tunisia - Mohamed Al Nouri Al Juwayni, the Tunisian development minister, travels to Sidi Bouzid to announce a new $10m employment programme. But protests continue unabated. December 21, 2010 Tunisia - President Ben Ali carries out limited cabinet reshuffle and warns that protesters would be punished if rioting continued in the country. December 22, 2010 Tunisia - Lahseen Naji, a 22-year-old commits suicide in the midst of another demonstration over unemployment in Sidi Bouzid by climbing an electricity pylon and electrocuting himself on the cables, after shouting out ―No to misery, no to unemployment!‖ 257 Bogdan Szajkowski Ramzi Al-Abboudi, under the burden of business debt, ironically made possible by the country‘s micro-credit solidarity programme, commits suicide.
    [Show full text]