8408- GONGRESS10NAL RECORD · ~ HOUS-E- May 18".
between such States; to the Committee on '- · By Mr-. SCHWENGEL: questing passage-·of H.R. 1~'1. and S. 772, the Judiciary. ... - ~· _:• -.H.R. 7198. A b111 to provide for· the District whiC:h was -referred to the . Committee on. By Mr. MACK: - -; · - · of· Columbia an -appointed Ge-vernoi Secre- -·; .Agriculture. · H.R. 7190.- A bill to · esfablish a Wabash tary,·Legislative Counsel, an elected Hl!>uSe of Basin Intera:gency Water Resources Comm~s- · Delegates and nonvoting Delegate to the ~ · · . sion; to the· Committee on Public Works. Ho"USe of Representatives, and for -other pur- PRIVATE BlLLS ANO RESOLUTIONS . By Mr. MILLS: poses; to the- Committee on the District <1f Uii.der clause 1 of rule XXTI, private H .R. 7191. · A bill to strengthen- the Federal· Columbia: · - bills, and resolutions· were. introduced and Firearms Act; to the Committee· on Ways -and ·By -Mr. BERRY: . Means.' H.J. Res. 429. Joint resolution ·propMi;ng se-verally referred as follows: By Mr-. KING of California: an amendment to the Constitution of the By Mr.-ADDABBO: · H.R. 7192. A blll to strengthen the Federal' ·· l;J'nlted States relative to equal rights 'for men H.R. 7199. 'A biii for the relle1 of Howar-d Firearms Aet; to the- Committee on Ways and and women; to the- Committee on the Judi"- ·· G. Grbth;- to the" Committee on.. tbe. Judi- Means. ciary. · · ciary. · By Mr. MULTER: By Mr. TOLL: - · . BY, Mr. DANIELS:- . ·_ H.R. 7193. A btU to amend .section 2 of · ·H.J. ReS'. 430. Joint resolution .. propOsing H.R. 7200. A bill: for the relief of. Micl)ael- . the Automobile Information Disclosure Act an amendment· to the Constitution ·of the- angeJ..o. Granato~ to ·the Committee. on the: ~o as to inc-lude -the- Commonwealth of Puerto United StateS" relative to equal rights for Judiciary. · . . Rico,- Guam, a,nd the :virgin -Islands within men -·arid women; to the commi-ttee-on the~. . By Mr. . HARRISON. of Wyoming: the provisions of such act; to the Commit-. Judiciary. · H.R.-720L A. bill to proviqe a piwt plant tee on In~erstate and Foreign Commeree. · · :By·Mr. MONAGAN~ for the development of the human and.. nat.,_
J By Mr. OLSEN; - H :·Res-. 302. Resolution dtsapprovirig Reor-· ural resources of Ind.tan·reserva.tlons by pro.:. ' -H.R. 7194. ·.A bill- to inerease- the appropri- ganizattdn Plan No. 1. transmitted td Con-- v1ding an incentive- to stimulate s:uch devel-· ation authorization for the completion -0f gress ·fiy 'the Pi-esident on- April :xt, t96l; to-' opment;. t-o the. ·COll'liJ:littee on W:a~s. and· the construetion ()f the-.h:rlgation ~ and · power "the Committee on GQvernment oper-ations: Means. - ·systems of the- Flathead -Indian irrigation - . H . Res. ·303. Resolution disapproving Reor- By Ml".·KEARNS: project, Montana~ ta th.e.· Committee on In- ganization Pian No. 2 transmitted· to Con- . H.R. 7202 A b111 for tlle reltef of Rogers terlor:-and Insular Atla}rs-.- gress by the President on April 27, 1961; to Brothers Corp.; -· to the Committe~ on,. the By Mr. PETERSON: the Cqmmittee on Government OperationS". Judiciary . . K.R. 7195-. A btU to add certain lands -to H. Res. 304. Resolution disapproving Rear- By Mr. KEOGH: the Wasa-tch National Forest, Utah, and for- ganization Plan No. 3 transmitted to Con- H.R- 7203. A bi:ll t:ar the relief .of Antonio other purposes:; to- -the- Committee .on Agri- gress- by the President on May 3; 19ff:r; to the Cracchiolo; to the· COmmittee on the Judi- eulture. Committee on Government Operations. · ciary. · By Mr. PIRN-IE: H. Res .. 305. Resolution disapproving Reor..: By Mr. O'HARA at lll.inois-:- . ·-H.R. '7196. A bUl - to"· provide additional ganiZation Plan No. 4 transmitted' to. Con- . H.R 7204:. A bill for the relief o~ Angefos funds for "education in the .several States gress by the President on· May 9 , IOOl;- to ·Spanos; to the Qom.mrttee. on the Judfciary. ·without Federal direction, cont;r;ol, or inter- By Mr; ·PELLY: · ference; to the Committee on Wa-ys and ~h.e . Committee ou Governmen.t, Opel'ations. . H.&. 7205. A. 'bUl for the' reltet of'"Benarsi ·. Me-ans. · D. Parashar; ··to the. Committee' on .the Ju-· . By Mr. RYAN: MEMORIALS· ~.: al:clary.'·· · . , . H.R. 7197. A bfll to- amend the Internal' I By~ Mr. ROONEY: Revenue Code CYl 1954 to provide that the tax Under clause 4 of rule XXII, . H.R_ 7206 A bill far the relle! oL Shmue.l on admisst
...... · EXTE·N-SIONS Of REMARKS
comparative ad..v-antag,e is less clear, ~tuch as- Import Competition, aed A:n~e .~ican Dr. Piquet is weU-kno.wn, and is,high1;y thought of by Members of the Congress. -certain wood and pape1: pro,duc.ts.. · Busiaeu The.· advantage of the. Uilfted: States lies. r include as part of my t:emarks, an largely ill tbe prod.ti.ctiOJi at: goQds that can excelpt_tram this stlldy: be prod.uced in quantity by automatic, or EXTENSION OF REMARKS lMPOR.T CO.MPETLTION AND SMALL. BUSINESS ne~-automaticr machinery. S'ueh goodS. are- OF {By Dr. Howard s._Pique-t) produced under the principle o! decreasing unit cost and require large ft:xe.d o~erhead .: HON. CARROLL D. KEARNS · There is no question about. the- .potential Thes.e are the industries fn w.hlch larg_e size advantages of free trade from the pvint of 0:1" PENNSYLVANIA is an. advantage.. · vie-w of "pure economi~s." If t•acfe were The. lines of' production tn which the IN THE HOUSE' OF REPRESENTATIVES free everywhere and lf' each eountry were United States ts. at. a comparati'le disadvan Th:u-rsday, Ma1J 18, 1961 to speeiaFize in producing the- goods in whielr tage. are those usually, characterized as smalr :tt has the greatest comp-ar-a~ive adva:ntage-, business, many of. which inyolve a hi.gp pro Mr; KEARNS. Mr. Speaker, l have relative- to othe-r countries, · productivity portion of Iabor cost. Tl'lese are tl'le' indus had made a major study of the effects of e-verywhel'e would 'be· greater and economic tries that are most hard. pressed' by import ·imports and exports. on employment of reseurces wourd be utilized more etfeetivefY competition. ' American workers. I have submitted it than they n.ow are. .Around the turn of tire 2oth cen.tnry Mr. to- the Subccmunittee on the lmpac.t, of Ff all the goodS' that ean be produced in H. 0. Havemeyer, the sugar magnate, satd: Imports and Expo:rts on American Em. a country are listed in order of desce-nding "The tariff is. the mother of the trusts." comparative_ advantage- the products-headi!lg Whether or not the tariff then facilitated ployment of the Hc:mse -Education and the ifst in each instance- would be those that Labor Committee. - monopo-ly, U certainly is not: an im:portant are e2ported. These' are tfie :prod,ucts· that factor in. this respect: today~ At, the present I am ranking minority member of the can be produced most e-1fteiently relative- to time most la~:ge. businesses ~ such as petroleum subcommittee. other countries. In the- United States., where and steel, are liberal trade minded. Their The chairman of the subcommittee, :tand and other natural resouree!r are- rela &pe-rations are worldwide a:nd ther appose tively abundant l>ut wher~ Iabor, normally, Congressman JOHN -H. DENT'~ eonsidered interference by gove~tnment The tari1f has is relatively scarce, the> list would be headed this study so important that. he bas made become more significant. as. an instrument by such mass-:produced goods: as etfice ma for protecting, small business_ copies of the study available. to each ehtnery, many kinds of industrfal equipm.en't, There can be littre doubt that, if the member of the subeommittee which he certa:in types of electrical' machinery, rood United StateS' were. to adopt' a thoron:gh-going heads. building and other construction equipment, po!icy of free trade, a number o-r small busi It is being used as the basic tract of a"Utonwbiles, and agrt~uUural machinery;. nesseS" would be hard hit. Certain marginal the subcommittee at this point in its own At- the- lower end c:d the Ifst would be a firms, an.d in some cases entire fndustries, work. · re'fatl:vely small number of products-- requir would not be abl'e to withstand' the result Ing cons-iderable labor to produce, suc-h as: ing low-cost !oreigit competition. This is The was made _by study Dr. Howard china tableware,-hand-blown glassware, cer~ one o:t the tranl'itesome factS" that must be Piquet, senior specialist in intern-ational tam electronic- prodUctS', and hardwood ply faced- regardless of one's theoretfcal convic economics of the Legislative Refere-nce wood. Somewhere between the two e-xtremes· tions regarding the desirability of freer inter Service of the Library of Congress. would be goods in the production of which national trade conducted along multilateral 1961 CONGRESSIONAL ' RECORD---:---"' HOUSE 8409 lines. Removal of tariff protection and the cal of· the products. concerning which, it is it. is evident that .the indul>tries that have consequen~ . stimulation of :: imports would complained ·that imports hav~ -be.en· seriously ·appealed· for relief from 'imP.:Ort competition have the effect of . accelerating the -. co.ncen-:! injurious-- are-;' women's fur-:te-lt hats aud. hat ·· u·nder the escape clause~ . for the most part, tration of industrial power in the United . bodie&, garlic; tobacco- . p~pes · and :· bowls,1 are the -smaller . industries of the country. States. . screen-printed silk &carves;. scissors- .,and None of them is- in. the big business cate INDUSTRIES THAT HAVE APPLIED FOR RELIEF shears, gr_ound-fis:Q fillets, ·and_bicycles, -. No- gory. Even in those cases where the num UNDER -THE ESCAPE CLAUSE where in . the· list does one find such typi- ber of employees in the industry as a whole cally . large-scale inqustries as bulk chemi- . is sizal)le (such as lead and. zinc, watches, , Cm.)gress has provided machine~y for af cals, automobiles, heavy iron and steel-mill . women's fur;.felt hats and stainless ste~l fording relief to industries that have been ' products. office machinery, or agrieul-tur,al table flatware)- the' industr}l' consists of a thre~tened seriously. i,njured by, or t.hat are · implements. . . large number of ~nits no one_of which can by serious injury from, incr_eased _import , Since the ~scape claus_~ w_as .enacted,. 69 , be characterized. as big business. competition. resulting from concessions-made industries, or segments of industries. ha.ve Table I lists the· industries that either in trade ~reements with other countries. applied for rellef from injurious import have been seriously -injured, or tbnatened It seems reasonable to assume .·that indus competition. Of these, tbe -Tariff- Commis- by seriou.s- injury, according to the findings to tries that have not appealed'' the Tariff sion found "seri91:1s injury" or "threat of of the Tarur Commission. Eight~n of the Commission for relief under this provision serious injury" to exist in 25. In ·36- indus- 2'5 .industries listed employed slightly more of law• . or that have failed · to supply the tries it found no serious injury, or threat of than 65,000 workers. It is-probable that the Tariff Commission· with data adequate to serious. Injury, and _in the _. remaining 8 it · number· of workers employed by an 25 of the enable theni to reach a decision as to th~ either 'terminated the investl:gatiQn becau~ industries on the list was not· ln. ex~ ot existence of _ inju'ry~ are not suffering' serious the complaining companies failed ~o provide : 90.._000, workers. Alth~ugh ·the figures are inJ'!lrY :from import co~_petition. _ . _ . ·. adequate· factual data or dismissed ~ the in-, not. all for the same year, ranging as. they EV_en a cursory ~x_aminati TABLE 1.-Indust·ries which have been foUnd by the U.S. Tan:jJ Cmnrn·ission to be ·"serio·usly injttredn or: ,;th1-·eatened by Ket:_itm$ injiur!/' under the-esc.a1Je dause· Number Number Industry .. of Year Other indication oi size Industry ot . Year . O.thU kld~tm qfsize· workers workers· ·- . . ·- " '' IIard:fioor cords and twines ___ ·____ _ (1) ..!9~!) Pro.ductt(}n, 19,000.0(}0 Para-a.mlnosaliey lie ackl: ___ . ;:.. ~ __ 63 1965 _pounds. Fluorspar______. ____ --.--. ______736 1955 Binding and baler twine _____ ;·--- - (~) 19.':9 Production, lOO,OOO.OOQ Lighter ftints (terrocerium) ______(1) Onl;y- 2 pr~ducers. pounds. Bicycles and partl'-_ ·------3, 261 --i959-- Cotton tyi)ewriter Fibbon____ :. .:.: __ 2, 7 ~0 · 1959 5 producers. ·watches~Pin-levrr; ______· _ Tartaric acid.. ______------__ (l)_ 1959 2 small:comiJ'I1'1i€s. ~.OlZ 1958 Clinical thermometers ____ : ______~ Jeweled. ______------______,,. 316 19.~9 ~. !g~ . }900 Umbrella frames ______486 1958 flcreen-printcd silk S{!anes---~---- 1962 Stainless steel table:1latworc ______3,0&7 :t958 'J'obaeco pflxisaoobo-w'DI ______1,300' ' 1%2 388 1959 -Dried figs_--- ~ -_- "· ______: __ -- ~~_-- _ (!) 1955 ~5-,000,000' flOUnds prodneed (1). .- 1955 Approximately 15,000 acres o-n 29,700.aens. !'l:i~ ;:g:~::~~;-===; =====::====;~ 1 No.t a vai~bie. - - .. · .Sourt!c: Tabulated by, the Legislative 'Reference SenriceJ:tom eseapeclause reports - 2 Employmen-t fignre! not_giveJt for hard-fiber cords-and twines, bindmg-and ba-ler issued by- the U.S. Tariff Commission. twine. tartaric acid, alsike ci?vcr seed, ~w~ling o! tlax, lighter llint.'!, and dried figs. Table 2 lists the .industries that have ap.:: whOISe appeals were rej_ected b;r -the Tan« jury, or threat of serious lnjiuqr,. eO\llcl be pealed for relief. und.er the .escape ci~use but Commission on the basis-that ne serious in- found.. TABLE 2.-Indust1:ies ~hose ~lo.ims oj nserious injury" or "th1·eat of ser-ious ·tnjti!Ty" undu like escap~ cla·use ~en~ rejected by the U.S. Ta1:£jf , . · - ; · C ommissitm · . . - r. · Number Number Industry . of Year Other in\licaiion of size Industry ot Y,ear Other Indication of size workers workers Nonwo;~eu, wool, felts.._..______Ultra-marine blue,_.------· ~------ 253. 1960 (1) ~~~ , . 11 produ~s_. Women's and children's leather 3',400 1960 15 producers. · Certain,iutefabrics.______· 203 gloves. Dressed rabbit furs ______400 ' I965 10 prodnee~. 218 1954: 1 Not available. SoUrce: Tabulated by the Legislative Reference Service trom escape clause report 2 Estimated. · . issued by the U.S. Tariff Commission. · - 3 Employment figures not given lor Iamb', mutton, and sheep; :red teseue seed; l!arlic; nonwoven wool felts; c<><:onuts~ pregnant.:m:are's urine;.mua&ardaeeda; eottom. carding machinery; bonito and tunafish (not in oil); and motorcycles and parts.· CVII-534 8410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 18 imports. They take no account of the prob principal beneficiary of tariff protection that The Impact of Imports and Exports on, able increases in U.S. consumption after all small businesses stand to gain from the American Employment tariff suspension, of new developments in restrictioh of imports. u.s. products or production techniques, or In recent hearings before a subcommittee of the capacity of companies concerned to of the Select Committee on Small Business of EXTENSION OF REMARKS shift to other lines of production. They also the U.S. Senate,3 Mr. Donald A. Hipkins, OF take no account of the rise in employment Deputy Administrator of the Small Business that would be required to handle the in Administration, testified as follows: * HON. CARROLL D. KEARNS creased imports into the United States or of "Turning now from the effects of foreign OF PENNSYLVANIA the increased exports that would result from imports on manufacturers, let us consider its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the larger imports. effects on distributors of consumer goods. It had been estimated, on the basis of eco Approximately two-thirds of the small busi Thursday, May 18, 1961 nomic conditions prevailing in 1951 and on nesses in this country are engaged in this Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Speaker, the im the further assumption that these economic activity, mostly at the retail level. Some of pact of imports and exports on Ameri conditions would continue to prevail for at those establishments, such as franchised can employment should be the concern least 3 to 5 years, that temporary tariff sus dealers, in automobiles and other high-priced of every Member of the Congress. pension by the United States would result in durables, have close ties with one or a few increased impqrts of between $800 million manufacturers and are, consequently, sensi~ I include as part of my remarks an and $1.8 billion per year. Of these increased tive to foreign competition. However, a ma excerpt from a recent study of this sub imports, from $420 to $900 million would jorlty of smJtll retailers are less vulnerable, ject by Dr. Howard Piquet of the Library · have an immediate displacement effect on because they handle a wider variety of prod · of Congress: domestic producers in the United States. ucts. Obviously, the more items a distributor (By Dr. Howard Piquet) ' ' Using its interindustry relationship tables, carries in stock, the less dependent he is upon ' the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated any one of them. To take the simplest case, For 26 of the 36 industries shown in table that the displacement of domestic pro-· a proprietor of a drugstore who encounters 2 employment amounted to slightly less. duction by increased imports would affect difficulty in moving a domestic prod~ct at a than 124,000. It is probable that employ ' between 96,000 and 203,000 workers (on profit, because competitors are underselling ment in the 10 industries, for which em · 60,000 to 128,000 ·workers the displacem·ent him · with similar merchandise of foreign ployment data were not provided, would not effect would be direct and on 37,000 to 75,000 origin, is not confronted with a new or spe bring the total employment fig~re to more the effect would be indirect) . cial problem. Losses on individual items, than 170,000.1 The individual industries in which there whatever their causes, are a normal feature Thus, at the outside, the number of would be .appreciable displacement of work of his operations. Without material injury workers employed by the industries that have ers, according to the study cited, are shown to his business, he will discontinue the prod been seriously injured or are threatened by in table 3. It will be observed that none uct and, if possible, replace it with the im serious injury, or that think they are so of them could properly be characterized as port. For these reasons, I believe that most threatened total not more than 260,000 big business. The conclusion seems clear small outlets are not endangered by foreign workers out of total national employment that the tariff has the effect of maintaining competition. of some 68 million workers. in business a number of small industries "To a large extent, imports, far from being This is not to say that this many work that otherwise, either in whole or in part, injurious, are beneficial to small distributors. ers would be displaced even temporarily if would be forced to adjust to other lines of It is a hard fact that many foreign products, imports were to increase. It does not even production. It appears, furthermore, that though priced well below their domestic mean that the 90,000 workers in the indus· the number of workers who are protected in counterparts, are of equal or superior quality. tries for which the Tariff Commission made their existing jobs by the tariff is somewhere They often are fast-moving items which offer a positive finding of serious injury or threat between 96,000 and 260,000. rich opportunities to discerning. and ener of serious injury, would all be displaced by TABLE 3.-Industries in which there would getic retailers. I have no doubt that such imports, even under free trade. The us~l merchandise has contributed substantially to pattern is that where injury results from · be appreciable displacement of workers in 1 the success of a multitude of small stores. import competition only certain companies the event of increased imports "~nother important factor to be considered are affected. One of the major conclusions in appraising the effects of imports is that in that can be reached from the many cost Duty in Domestic many industries, perhaps in too many, man studies made through the years by the Tariff 1951 (ad produc Industry valorem tion in ufacturers favor large distributors to the Commission is that unit costs of production equiva- 1951 detriment of·the small. vary widely among producers with~n any lent) "Chain organizations, mail order houses, given industry. Usually the costs of the and department stores are given volume dis marginal, highest cost, producers are con· or Pet. TliOUS. counts, advertising allowances, and other siderably higher than the average costs for Knives with folding blades ______33-184 $18,000 Scissors and shears ______forms of price reduction which increase their the industry as a whole. 41-84 22,500 natural advantage over small stores. Such Leather handbags ------~------ 14--25 75,000 ESTIMATED DISPLACEMENT OF WORKERS BY Linen firehose------ 28 1,000 big outlets can resell at prices substantially IMPORT COMPETITION }~ur felt bats_------ GO 75,000 below the levels small dealers are required to Bicycles and parts.------11-15 63,400 maintain in order to &how a profit. Estimates made within the past 8 years of Musical instruments ______20 175,000 the immediate displacement en:ects of the Embroidered linen handkerchiefs __ 49 8,500 "Needless to say, small concerns who are increased imports that would result from Leather gloves __ ------ 25-74 45,000 being squeezed out of the business of dis across-the-board suspension of U.S. tariffs Earthenwareandehlnaware: table tributing domestic products will seize the and artware. __ ------ 32-66 120,000 are in line with the figures just presented. Coarse linen fabrics._------ 40 3,000 opportunity to handle competitive imports. At the request of the Commission on For Hemmed linen handkerchiefs.--- 26 7,000 It is not surprising, therefore, to find such eign Economic Policy ( Randa.U Commission) Hand-blown glassware.------39 31,-100 distributors resisting the efforts of their sup Lovers lace------32-65 30,000 pliers to impose or increase trade barriers. in 1954 the Bureau of Labor Statistics esti Axminster rugs ______28 45,000 mated the number of workers who would be Dental and surgical needles ______18-40 1, 000 "The etfect, adverse or otherwise, on our displaced by imports under such an assump Wool wearing apparel (knit or domestic economy of imported foreign tion. It used its own data on interindustry crocheted) __ ------ 2-1-41 200,000 products is, of course, only one facet of a relationships analyze the employment Rayon staple fiber _------ 17 150,000 larger problem. Our domestic economy as to Motorcycles------ 10 9,083 implications of the probable increases in im C}ay floor and wall tile------26-41 71,300 we know it could not long survive without ports that would result from temporary over Woolens and worsteds ______33 1,085,000 foreign trade, both imports and exports. all tariff suspension.2 The estimates repre· Crude barytes_ . ------ 35 7,828 "I am told that of our workers every lOth Apparel wooL _------15 260,000 sent only the number of workers producing Cigar filler tobacco ______13-18 85,000 is paid from export sales and every 4th the equivalent of the estimated increased Edible nuts, domestic types (al- is dependent on imported raw materials. monds, walnuts, filberts) ______35 52,200 Our country needs expanding new material 7 (1) 1 Flower bulbs------imports to support our growth; and this The industries whose requests for action Oats __ ------~------5 1, 112,.698 under the escape clause were terminated be Prepared pineapples_------ 6 65,000 need,· in turn, makes necessary a balancing cause they failed supply adequate data Fresh or frozen fillets------9 56,284 and offsetting export trade to pay for our to Vermouth ______--_____ ------to the Ta.r11f Commission, or whose appeals 10 10,000 imports. This is an inescapable fact of were dismissed at their own 1·equest, were: economic life." 1 Based on Piquet, H. 8., "Aid, Trade and the Tar.l:ft," Woodscrews, cotton blouses, cotton ging T. Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1953, on the basis of con hams, broadwoven silk fabrics, fine-meshed ditions prevailing in 1951. a Impact of Imports on American Small wire cloth, nails, Toyo cloth caps, and wom 2 Not available. Business, hearing before a subcommittee en's leather handbags. The number of work of the Select Committee on Small Business, ers employed in these industries is not avail SMALL BUSINESS ALSO BENEFITS FROM IMPORTS U.S. Senate, 86th Congress, 2d session, able. AND EXPORTS June 16, 1960, U.S. Government Printing 2 Piquet, H. S., '·'Aid, Trade and the Ta;ritf," It does not follow from·the fact that small Office, Washington, D.C. T. Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1953. business, rather than big business, 1s the •Ibid., pp. 212- 213. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD -HOUSE 8411 Testimony was also given by a private is this what the United Stat~s wants to·do? WHAT .IS ;EFFICiENCY? Washington -attorney 5 showing how imports Are the American people interested · o.Dly: 1n It does not follow, howe.ver, that imports are of peat importance to the plywood, economic efficiency? Da they ,place ~ should be ~xcluded ·fm tbe sake of protecting hard board, almond, mutton,. and .shrimp in nomic efficiency ahead o1 all other ~on all small business. &>me small businesses dustries. siderations? are inetllclentiy managed and-need competi Furthermore, many small businesses have Here is where- our . way of llie diifers tion-both foreign and domest1c.-to keep a vital interest in exports, as was. pointed markedly from the way of life in coun.Uies them on their toes:. Nevertheless, many out in testimony by former Secretary of that are dominated by totalitarian: dicta small businesses that are e1Uciently managed Commerce Frederick H. Mueller.6 He stated torship. In the Soviet Union and in :Red cannot stand up competitively against either that many small business firms are selling China the overriding objectiv:e is the pro big business or against import; competition abroad and that many more could do so. He duction of capital goods. Human freedom for reasons beyond tbeir own control. cited a small firm in Missouri with only and individual rights are secondary, or The question that confronts- us- is; "Which eight employees that has been prospering consid.ered not at all. imports should be encouraged and which from exports. It manufactures automotive We in the United States have a cU:fierent should be discouraged?.. The answer de chemical tuneup oil and has been exporting philosophy. We fought our Revolution some pends on our conception o! the kind of econ lubricants for 8 years. Exports comprise 180 years ago because we were opposed to omy that we want here in the United States. over 50 percent of all its shipments, includ dictatorial oppression. Individual liberty Do we want. an economy in which business ing 8 to 10 shipments monthly to South always has been our watchword. No matter untts are becoming ever larger, one in which Americ;;~. and 51 shipments:, each, to Vene how much importance we ·may appear to the little fellow cannot stand up competi zuela and Canada. He also cited a small place on economic efficiency it is always, and tively and in which there is decreasing :room company in Oregon which manufactures everywhere, subordinate to respect. for hu for small enterprise, either old or new? It front-end loaders and whose foreign sales man rights and the. dignity of the individual. is imperative that the American people de have increased more than 30 percent in each Ours is a government of law, not of men. cide the kind. of economy that they want and of the past 3 years. We refuse to place dictatorial powers in the then take the necessary steps. to bring it into Although no statistics are available show hands of anyone. even in the economic field. being. This could be done, even within the ing the importance of exports to small busi To our way of thinking, man is not merely framework of present foreign policy, if we ness, as such. there can be no doubt that it a function in a. mat.hema.tical formula as were to adopt a program of stimulating se is considerable. Some years ago the Bureau ma.ny modern economists make him appear. lected imports. Such a policy would stimu o! Labor Statiatics published figures show The heart of the problem of small business late the importation of goods that we want, ing the private employment of wage earn in all of its ramifications. including import while restricting those that we· do not want. ers and salaried workers attributed to. ex competition, is the basic question: Do we Also, it would emphasize the importance of ports !rom the United States in 1947. At want to preserve. small enterprise, as suc:h, diversification. Instead of. encouraging the that time 6.8 percent of. all employees in because of its beneficial values to. American importation of cotton textiles, chinaware, nonagricultural industries were dependent cl vilization? Economic e1Hciency is- only one and similar goods which compete with the on exports for their Jobs. aspect of the problem. Some of OW"' most weaker segments of the U.S. economy, it brilliant thinkers. such as the late Justice would encourage imports that compete with Louis Brandeis. have questioned the desira those American industries that are relatively bility of bigness in both government and strong. such as automobiles,. business ma The. Case. for Small Business business. The impersonality of the super chines, and agricultural implements. The giant store in contrast to the friendliness of recent spurt in imports of sxnall European small neighborhood shops is not a matter of automobiles did not damage the U.S. auto EXTENSION OF REMARKS brute economic eftlciency. It has an impor mobile industry or the. U.S. economy as a 01' tant bearing- to our way of life. There are whole. On the contrary. it a.wakened the many Americans who believe that the small industry to the !act that Americans were HON~ CARROLL D. KEARNS neighborhood store and the small business becoming tired of' being pushed around and 01' PENNSYLVA:NJ:A enterprise have virtues that are so important really wanted smaller. more reasonably IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that they sho\lld not be allowed t.o be priced automobiles. trampled undet the onward sweep o! big Before much headway can he made in solv Thu-rsday, May 18, 1961 ness. The preservation o! small business ing the problem of import competition with Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Speaker. the Con enterprise may be poor economics but it may respect to small business, it is necessary to be good sociology and an important force for dis.tinguish between efticfently operated and gress must actively concern itself with preserving democracy. · inefficiently operated enterprises. Although the urgent problems of the impact of The opportunity for a. person to enjoy the it would be incorrect to hold that all small imports and exports on small business. fruits of his own labor, imagination and in business is· inefficiently operated. It is prob I include as part of my remarks an genuity is something that we Americans ably true that there is a: greater proportion excerpt from a recent study of this ought to want to preserve. The days of the of inefficient management among small, than subject by Dr. Howard Piquet, senior c.overed wagon had their hardships, but. they among large. businesses. specialist in international economics of also o1Iered opportunity. A man could feel Yet, it cannot be denied that many of the the Library of Congress. that: he was the mas.ter o! his own destiny smaller firins that are hardest pressed by and king in his own castle. What he pro import competition are exceedingly well THE. CASE FOR. SMALL BUSINESS duced he could keep and what he produced managed. It is· essen~iar tha.t a distinction (By Dr. Howard Piquet) depended on his own ability and ambition. be made between internal managerial ef The organization of a number of smaller These are the considerations that facilitate ficiency and the external suitabflity of the industries into vociferous pressul'e groups the existence or an all-important middle type o! operation in question to the Amer probably has done more harm than good class. Nations have perished when their ican environment. An example will make to their cause. Often the spurious argu middle classes have disappeared. The op the distinction clear. ments that professional lobbyists use to portunity for a person to own his own busi Some of our china tableware factories in present the case for their clients have tended ness is important from the point of view of the Ohio River Valley are very weir managed. to ob.scure the legitimate arguments that both the science and art of government. To the extent that it is feastble to do so, the could be used. This is not to say that big business inevi latest mechanical devices have been intro Equalization of costs of production here tably leads to annibilation of the middle duced. The management is efficient and the and abroad, for example, for which the lob class, but it does narrow its opportunities products that are turned out, by all the byists argue eloquently would stifle all trade considerably. managerial yardsticks that can be con and would be antithetical to the national Thel'e are also cultural considerations that ceived of, are produced en'Iciently. The interest or the United States. That unit should not be overlooked. l:! our small busi same company-in !act, the entire indus costs abroad frequently are considerably ne~ collapse, there coliapse· with them try-operates at. a decided. disadvantage, lower than unit costs in the United States many opportunities for creative production. however, relative to much less elficiently is a fact but it does not lead necessarily to Hand.-blown glassware and pottery are c~ses managed plants in Japan. Since over three the conclusion that all competitive imports in point. Here, where artistic skills- are fourths of the cost of pr&ducing tbe prod should be excluded. necessary. we lose something imPQtant to uct is labor, the superior managerial ef Most of the arguments that give weight our civilization when the machines takeover. ficiency and man-hour pl'Oductivity of the to the complaints of small business against Again, pezhapsr it is bad economics but; it is American concerns are more- than counter import competition are not in the area of good for our civilization for persons- with balanced by the low wages paid in Japan. economics. From the point of view of eco a:rtistlc talents. to be able to find outJe.ts !'or Externally, the industry is iii-adapted to the nomic efficiency alone, small businesses that thOtre talents in their dafiy work. The ancient American environment. cannot compete successfully against foreign Romans were genieses at government,. but This sUitabUity to environment. might competition should be allowed to die. But, the art and culture of ancfent Greece con wen be called the externar efficiency Q! an in tributed more to: subsequent civilization than dustry, as opposed to the internal e1Hciency u Branhard, William J., op. cit., pp. 91-95. did the arts of Roman conquest and govern of its management of men, materials, re • Ibid., pp. 201-204. mental administration. sources and production, and sales methods. 8412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 18 It would make little sense to protect com· by providing retraining for younger workers Statement on Loan Made by Small Busi panies th-at are inefficiently managed in· (following the philosophy of the GI bill of ternally. The very essence of our free en• rights), by accelerating the retirement of ness Administration to CAN-DO of terprise system is that the efficient should older workers. by increasing unemployment drive the inefficient out of business. To pro compensation benefits, and by enlarging the Hazleton, Pa. hibit imports for the sake of perpetuating powers and scope of the U.S. Employment inefficient management would be incon Service. Some of the distressed area pro EXTENSION OF REMARKS sistent with this philosophy. posals now under consideration make spe OF However there is something to be said cific reference to the problem of displace for limitin'g the degree of competition from ment of workers by import competition. HON. DANIEL J. ·fLOOD imports that hurt domestic establishments 7. This approach would have the advantage OF PENNSYLVANIA that are efficiently managed internally but of eliminating internally inefficient firms by which are at an external disadvantage. Here spreading the cost of transferring their labor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is the area in which consideration needs to and capital to more efficient lines of produc Thursday, May 18, 1961 be given of the extent to which limitations tion over the entire country, while keeping should be placed on competitive imports. in business establishments that are inter Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker. at this This is particularly the case where it is nally efficient (at least according to this time I would like to make a formal state deemed desirable to keep such concerns in rough yardstick) but which are at a dis ment for the RECORD regarding a $60,000 business in the national interest because of advantage, externally, relative to lo·w-cost loan made by the Small Business Admin considerations of culture, art, special skills, foreign production. istration to Hazleton's CAN-DO. economic diversification, and national secu 8. Although this apprqach does not pro The statement follows: rity. vide a precise means for measuring internal The near-insoluble problem is how to es efficiency of production it does provide a STATEMENT REGARDING HAZLETON LOAN BY tablish yardsticks for measuring internal yardstick that appears to be just and work SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION efficiency. Establishment of boards or com able. The plan could vary a·s to detail. In I am urging my colleagues in the House missions to make such determinations would stead of allowing domestic producers one who are interested in industrial expansion in smack too much of dictatorial methods. half of the domestic market, it could allow their districts, particularly in small towns Yet, it would be circular reasoning to judge them two-thirds, or production up to what and rural areas, to take a good hard look at efficiency on the basis of profit and loss used to be called (by the late Prof. Frank W. the provisions of section 502 of the Small statements, since they reflect both internal Taussig, of Harvard, who was the first Chair Business Investment Act of 1958, as amended, and external efficiency. man of the U.S. Taritf Commission back in which is administered by the Small Busi POSSmLE APPROACH TO A YARDSTICK OF 1916) the bulk-line cost, or distance O-X in ness Administration, and which is now per EFFICIENCY the diagram (not printed in RECORD). The manent legislation. A $60,000 loan for a tunnel and conveyor By the nature of the case there is no ob bulk-line cost is the point beyond which the average unit cost of production shoots up has been approved by this Administration jective measure of internal. or managerial, for Hazleton, Pa., under the provisions of efficiency. As a substitute for an objective ward abruptly. Beyond the bulk-line the firms can be said to be marginal. this act in participation with the North yardstick, something along the following eastern Bank & Trust Co., Hazleton, Pa. lines would appear to be equitable and prac CONCLUSION This is my district and it is in the heart ticable. Expanding foreign trade-both exports and of the anthracite coal region, a truly labor 1. Instead of concentrating so exclusively imports-is essential for the welfare of the distressed area. on solving the probletns of an industry that United States in these days of worldwide The Small Business Administration loan is being hard hit by import competition (the political bipolarity. The least intelligent is going to the Community-Area New Devel u.s. Tariff Commission has encountered tre way to solve the present balance-of-pay opment Organization, Inc. The initials of mendous difficulty in defining industry) the ments · deficit problem of the United States . the organization very properly spell out Tariff Commission should be instructed to would be to curtail imports. International CAN -DO. This development company has pay greater attention to the range of unit· trade is so essential to free world solidarity raised $1% million in capital funds from costs among the individual firms producing that we must do everything in our power to some 4,500 donors in the locality over the a given product. enable it to expand. Although the United past 5. years. After CAN-DO had exhausted 2. Establish the principle that a small States probably could get along tolerably all available local funds for further indus business is one in which no company has well with far smaller foreign trade than it trial projects, it came to me in desperation more than 500 workers. Then reach a deci now has, other countries could not. To some seeking additional funds for the construc sion as to whether it is desirable, in the na of them, particularly those specializing in tion of the tunnel. I turned to SBA for tional interest (taking into account clearly the production of a few raw materials, ex assistance, and within 17 working days after specified noneconomic, as well as economic, ports can mean the difference between eco an application was filed, a $60,000 loan was considerations) to keep the industry in nomic life and economic death. The self approved. business. interest of the United States demands that The tunnel and conveyor which CAN-DO 3. If the answer is in the affirmative, es we think of the economic strength of our is constructing with the proceeds of this tablish the further principle that domestic friends and neighbors as well as of our own loan will make nine industrial fa.cilities producers of the product in question are en national strength. CAN -DO has provided for lease or sale to titled to 50 percent (or some other propor With production costs as low as they are business concerns within the Hazleton area. tion) of the domestic market. in certain foreign countries, particularly This tunnel will be leased to and used by 4. It seems reasonable to assume that Japan, a highly industrialized country, it General Foam COrp .• a company engaged in fl.rtns persistently producing at unit costs would not make sense to open our doors the manufacture and sale of urethane foam substantially lower than the unit costs of wide to all imports without taking care of and foam rubber products. The tunnel will the marginal producers are internally effi the domestic producers who are injured. connect two buildings located approximately cient. This consideration lies at the very heart of 250 feet apart and which are owned by 5. Impose a tariff equalizing the marginal the small industry problem. CAN-DO and leased to General Foam Corp. cost of the most efficiently produced half of The plan outlined in this memorandum Through the use of a conveyor in the tun the total domestic output. Equalize this provides a formula that seems to satisfy the nel, the transportation and handling costs of marginal cost with the cost of production requirements of the problem. It would not materials between the two buildings will be abroad, as indicated by invoice value plus cut off all import competition, but it would greatly reduced from the present costs in transportation. provide for the transfer by the less-efficiently curred by transporting materials by truck. 6. Invoke as import adjustment assistance managed U.S. firms of their manpower and This loan was approved by SBA as a part program along the lines proposed by Presi capital to other, more efficient lines of pro of its established program to assist in the dent Kennedy (when he was a Senator), duction. At the same time it would protect economic development of particular local Senator HARRISON WILLIAMS and Senator the more efficiently managed small com communities by lending to a State or local JACOB JAVITS, to assist producers, whose panies against displacement by import development company which, in turn, pro costs are so high that they cannot compete competition. vides facilities for specific small business against imports. No longer can we afford to drift in foreign concerns located in either urban or rural These "adjustments" bills provide that in trade policy, proclaiming a liberal, multl. areas. It therefore seems particularly ap instances where imports threaten injury to lateral foreign trade policy while avoiding all propriate that the Secretary of Commerce, in domestic producers the President can utilize serious injury from import competition, re delegating the authority under the Flood the powers of the Federal Government to gardless of productive efficiency. We need Douglas sponsored Redevelopment Act, assist producers who are adversely atfected to protect those American producers who are should delegate the authority to handle all to adjust to other, more efllclent lines of reasonably efficient, but it would be a dis· commercial and industrial loans to the production. This objective would be accom serVice to perpetuate inefficiency be exclud Small Business Administration. SBA already plished by speclallow-inter~t bearing loans, ing all competitive imports. has 55 field offices established in key cities 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8413 throughout the Nation, a staff of technical, of a taxpayer from $600 to $1,000, in Illinois and Indiana, as well as one mem managerial and production specialists who cluding the exemptions for a spouse, a ber from each interstate compact com provide services to the small businessman in dependent, and for old-age and blind mission which has jurisdiction over any SBA's various programs. Under the Area Redevelopment Act, before ness. The present $600 exemption is of the .waters of the Wabash Basin. The aid can be granted, financial assistance must absolutely outdated and totally unrealis President also would appoint the Chair be unavailable on reasonable terms from tic today, having been put into effect a man of the Commission. The Governors other sources, including Federal agencies number of years ago when living ex of the two States would be authorized to such as SBA. penses were considerably lower. nominate the members from the States Accordingly, business concerns will be obli The tax laws have placed a heavy and of illinois and Indiana. gated to seek assistance from SBA before onerous burden on our taxpayers, par Comprehensive water resources devel they will be eligible for assistance under the Area Redevelopment Act. Thus, SBA ticularly those in the lower- and middle opment plans have been prepared in the will have reviewed the concern's application income brackets, and I believe that a past for certain areas, including the for financial conditions and the availability liberalization of these laws is long New York-New England region and the of SBA financing, so that only SBA can effec overdue. To increase the present ex Arkansas-White-Red River Basin. Such tuate the lending under section 6 of the Area emptions will place more money in the plans have been of great value in de Redevelopment Act without duplicating the hands of the consumer, and in turn will veloping projects for construction. work of other Federal agencies. As a matter stimulate our economy. I am of the opinion that only through of cold fact, section 24 of the Area Redevel opment Act specifically provides that the such an integrated program can we real-· Secretary of Commerce shall use the availa ize the full potential of the Wabash and ble services and facilities of other agencies its tributaries for bringing prosperity to and instrumentalities of the Federal Govern Flood Damage in the Wabash River Basin this area and enriching the lives of its ment, so as to avoid duplication of existing citizens. staffs and activities. I believe the section EXTENSION OF REMARKS - is crystal clear-therefore SBA is now active OF ly making commercial and industrial loans in Free Peoples Need To Stand Up and Be areas of substantial labor surplus as well as HON. PETER F. ·MACK, JR. those in areas of substantial and persistent OF ILLINOIS Counted surplus. They, of course, also make loans in areas not classified as distressed areas. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SBA is approving loans every day to small Thursday, Ma'y 18, 1961 EXTENSION OF REMARKS business firms and local and State develop OF ment companies such as the loan to CAN Mr. MACK. Mr. Speaker, floods again DO in Hazleton, Pa. They should continue have washed away tons of topsoil and HON. THOMAS H. KUCHEL to perform this valuable and much needed ruined thousands of acres of crops in the OF CALIFORNIA financial assistance under the Area Redevel fertile Wabash River Basin of Illinois IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES opment Act. All the Secretary of Commerce and Indiana. Thursday, May 18, 1961 needs to do is to delegate to SBA the re This is almost an annual occurrence sponsibility, and I feel certain and cm1fi in the Wabash Valley. Newspaper head Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, last dent that SBA will do the job with utmost Saturday night in Los Angeles I had the dispatch. lines for the past week have told a familiar story of National Guardsmen J:lonor to speak at the annual banquet of working with local sandbag crews along the Association of American Editorial 'the levees, of families · driven from their Cartoonists. I ask Ulianimous consent that a partial text of my remarks at Income Tax Relief homes and of e~ergency assistance being offered to the stricken areas by the Fed-. that time be printed in the RECORD. eral and State Governments. There being no objection, the partial EXTENSION OF REMARKS But helpful as the emergency meas text was ordered to be printed in the 01' ures are they ai·e mere palliatives. What ~ECLESTER HOLTZMAN · CouNTED OF NEW YORK basic problem of harnessing the Wabash and its tributary streams. They must be (Partial text of speech Of THOMAS H. KUCHEL, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES converted from a destructive to a con·· U.S. Senator from California, before· the Thursday, May 18, 1961 structive force. annual banquet of the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists, Biltmore Mr. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am I have, therefore, today reintroduced Hotel, Los Angeles, Saturday, May 13, today introducing in the House of Rep my bill to authorize the establishment of 1961) resentatives two bills which, in my opin a Wabash Interagency Water Resources The decade of the 1960's will present to ion, will do much to provide some small Commission. The commission would the peoples of the earth unbelievable new measure of relief to the American tax have the following duties: horizons. Peoples will have traveled to the payer. First. To coordinate Federal, State, moon and back, and tughts to the stars will The :first bill provides that an exemp and local plans for development of water be nearer to reality. From earth satellites, and related resources in the Wabash global television will reach into the homes tion from income tax in the case of re of every hemisphere. Weather may well be tirement a.nnuities and pensions, up to Basin. subject to the control of man. Unimag the amount of $2,500, would be granted. Second. Prepare and keep up to date a inable breakthroughs in our struggle against This legislation is introduced with the comprehensive, integrated, joint plan for the most dread diseases will have been at thought in mind that our elder citizens· water and related water resow·ces de tained . . Twenty-six million young Ameri must be given a helping hand in meeting velopment. cans will have come into our labor force for the current high cost of living. Many Third. Recommended a long-range the first time . . Our annual gross national schedule of priorities for the collection product will have expanded from $500 bil of them have been endeavoring to live lion to $750 billion. on :fixed incomes for a number of years, and analysis of basic data, for investi But unsolved problems of supreme im and with the continued upward spiral of gation and project planning, and for portance remain to plague us. How many living costs, this has made their situa construction of projects. people live together in. a Just peace? . How tion a desperate one. Many of them Fourth. Foster and undertake studies may the United States best assure her own have been forced to seek work to sup of water resources problems in the -basin. perpetuation? How may the evil dream of plement their annuities or pensions, and The Commission would be composed international communism for world domina with the unemployment situation as tion be dissipated? How may freedom live of .members appointed by the President and fiourish? critical as it has been in the last several from the various Federal departments or For America, the quest for answers as years, finding a suitable position has not agencies having a substantial interest in sumes a twofold, crucial importance: one, always been possible or easy. the work to be undertaken and one or because we intend to keep our freedom, and, The second bill would increase the more members, as the President deems two, because we must, with courage and with present personal income tax exemption appropriate, from each of the States of vigor, and with honor, fulfill our tasks as 8414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 18 leader of the cause of human freedom, a Last-July, Khrushchev said: "One should Tllat policy remains, as it should remain, heavy burden which the exigencies of time not forget that now the United States is America's policy in the 1960's as well. have thrust upon us. no longer an unreachable distance from the Last year, in Brazil, President Eisenhower America is a peaceful Nation. Our people Soviet Union as it was before. Figuratively reaffirmed the Monroe Doctrine, when he yearn for a just peace. Our history is free speaking, in case of necessity, Soviet artil said: "I assure you that my Government, from acts of wanton aggression. But there -lerymen can support the Cuban people with while honoring its commitments outside this is aggression in the world. The assault upon their rocket fire if the aggressive forces of hemisphere is in no mood to allow its special the peaceful aims by communism seems to :the Pentagon dare begin their intervention responsibilities among the American States be a never-ending one. Meeting that as against Cuba." to go by default. Indeed, these commit sault, meeting it successfully, is the basic Then on April 22, this year, he said: "I am ments and responsibilities are part and par issue of the 1960's. It must be met by the stating again that our Government does not cel of the same problem-preserving the free nations of the world, standing side by seek any advantages or privileges in Cuba. strength and unity of the free world." side, gaining strength from their common We do not have any bases in Cuba and And on the steps of the American Capit ol, resources, and from their common resolve. we do not intend to establish any. And if as he took his oath of otnce, President Ken I believe in the wisdom of the North At * * * they (American generals and ad nedy reiterated that pQlicy and reminded the lantic Treaty Organization comment: "The mirals) still try to frighten the people by world that-"This peaceful revolution of fundamental historical fact * "' * is that .fabrications about 'Soviet bases' on Cuba, hope cannot become the prey of hostile the nation state, by itself, and relying ex this is obviously designed for simpletons."' powers. Let our neighbors know that we clusively on national policy and national Maybe so, maybe not. One never knows shall join with them to oppose aggression or power, is inadequate for progress or even 'for what the Soviet leaders really have in mind. subversion anywhere in the Americas. And survival in the nuclear age." But the facts, and the implications point let every other power know that this hemi This protracted, interminable conflict with up the gravest kind of question. How do sphere intends to remain the master of its communism can be won only by the free we, the American people, and the American own house." world marshaling and applying its economic, Government propose to answer? In my view, the time has now come for technological, political, and military re The first obligation of the Government of our friends in this hemisphere to stand up sources on a collective and coordinated basis. our country is the security of our own and face the need to implement their jointly No single state, in the decade of the 1960's, people. approved resolutions. The State Depart can hope to "go it alone," and still provide In the furtherance of that obligation, we ment accurately describes Castro's Cuba as security for its people. have adopted, as one technique, the theory a member of the Sino-Soviet bloc. Inter of collective security. We maintain, and shall continue to main national communism is implacably dedi tain and strengthen our own American Mili In the Americas, we have no unified sys cated to the destruction of free Western tary Establishment. But we shall also seek tem of defense such as NATO affords the institutions. to continue and to improve our collective Atlantic community, although mechanisms This is not simply a problem for our be security systems wherever that is feasible. for coordinating joint hemispheric action do loved Republic. It is the gravest kind of Our collective security systems came into exist. Basic to this framework is the Or issue for all the peoples of the Americas. being in the aftermath of World War II ganization of American States, agreed upon In my view, the members of the OAS should for the purpose of opposing the spread of in 1948, designed "to achieve an order of stand up and face the responsibilities which peace and justice," "to provide for action on they assumed in approving the several dec communism. A few weeks ago, I attended the part of (the member) states in the event ceremonies at the SHAPE headquarters CYf -larations to which I have alluded. A meet NATO, outside Paris, which commemorated of aggression," and finding that "an act of ing of the representatives of the OAS should the lOth anniversary of the establishment aggression against one American state is an shortly be convened. The meeting should of NATO's defensive shield. I watched with act of aggression against all the other be called by one of op.r neighbors or by us. pride, as NATO troops in the military uni American states." The agenda for the meeting should be un forms of their several countries, marched A year earlier, in 1947, the Rio Pact was equivocal. The menace of Castro's clique to together, an imposing symbol of · their na adopted. It holds, in part: "If the inviola the political independence of our hemi tions' compact to defend collectively the bility or the integrity of the territory or the sphere should be clearly enunciated. Ar security of Western Europe. sovereignty or political independence of any rangements should be agreed upon for col And defend that security, they have. We American state should be affected by any lective defense if an act of aggression were aggression which is not an armed attack to take place against any of us. With equal must never forget that since NATO's crea or by any extracontinental or interconti clarity, the members should agree upon tion, no free European country has followed pental conflict, or by any other fact or situ specific diplomatic and economic measures her unfortunate neighbor down the dark ation that might endanger the peace of to be undertaken, and undertaken jointly, to Communist drain. America, the organ of consultation shall isolate this Communist pawn. Economic The world is in trouble a.nd in turmoil. meet immediately in order· to agree on the sanctions should be jointly invoked. It is In every part of the globe, communism measures which must be taken in case of fantastic, for example, that we, the United probes and penetrates, seeking to find or to aggression to assist the victim of the aggres States, .continue to enrich Castro's regime develop weaknesses by which it may over sion or, in any case, the measures which b : about _$5 million per I!lOnt~ .. We pro run and subjugate more peoples and more should be taken for the common defense and hibit Cuban sugar importation but continue territory. Where it can create and control for the maintenance of the peace and se to receive Cuban molasses, tobacco, fruits, puppets, it does. curity of the continent." and vegetables which totaled $60 million In our own hemisphere, a Communist There is the Decliuation of Caracas of last year. Meanwhile, we prohibit our own clique, led by the infamous Castro, increases 1954, which finds, in part: "That the domi people from exporting goods to Cuba with its control over Cuba. Freedom in Cuba is nance or control of the political institutions the exception of food, medicine, and medical all gone. Elections are abolished. The of any American state by the international supplies. highest judicial establishment is the firing Communist movement, extending to this We are playing our part, with our neigh squad. Private property is taken over by hemisphere the political system of an extra bors, in attacking hunger, poverty, disease the Castro forces. continental power, would constitute a threat ;:~.nd despair here in the Americas. We are a The strength for these opertaions has to the sovereignty and political independence minority stockholder in the Inter-American come from behind the Iron Curtain. Che of the American states, endangering the Bank. Congress is about to approve a $600 Guevara, Castro's Minister of Industrializa peace of America, and would call for a meet million appropriation for additional assist tion, proudly proclaims a $100 million loan ing of consultation to consider the adoption ance to the Americas. This is a tremendously from Russia, a $70 million loan, interest of measures in accordance with existing important joint undertaking. But it is not free, from Communist China, and enough treaties." all that is required. While we try to take more from satellites to total, he says, about But there is also a basic U.S. hemispheric care of our own, we shall brook no inter a quarter of a billion dollars. policy first enunciated in 1823. It is a rather ference from those whose single aim is our To secure for communism what Lenin intriguing fact that in that year, imperial undoing. And in that resolve, let those who called the commanding heights, the Soviet Russian outposts were being established spoke wlth us at Rio, at Bogota, at Caracas., and her pawns have loaded Castro with as along our California coast. Russian expan and at San Jose, now agree to a common much as a hundred thousand tons of mm sionism threatened the Americas equally with course of action which our several statements tary materiel. Castro has paraded over 50 the expansionism of European powers in of common principle require. heavy Soviet J-3 and J-4 tanks, plus lines Latin America. How strange this seems to I speak tonight as an American Senator of 55 and 105 millimeter cannon, truck day when Soviet expansionism again devoted, like each of you, to the perpetuation drawn field artillery, mortars, 6-.barrel rocket threatens the New World. of the Republic. Our country stands for launchers, 4-barrel antiaircraft guns, and At any rate, President Monroe laid it on liberty. It is our Nation which must hold bazookas. He has received an unlimited the line. We were determined to prevent the high the torch of liberty~ We dare not shirk amount of small arms, and ammunition of encroachment of any ou~ide power upon the our responsibiUties of leadership. Let those all types. While there is- no absolute evi soil of the Western Hemisphere. "We who are like-minded repair to our side. Let dence of Mig aircraft, there have been re should," he said, "consider any attempt on those who, together with us, courageously curring reports along these · lines. In any their part to extend their system to any underwrote clear declarations of our joint event, Castro's airmen are being trained in portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to resolve, now stand together before mankind, the Soviet bloc. our peace and security." ready, together, to extirpate communism 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8415 from the New World; ready, together, to ment officials who tell us that this· country this district for your wisdom in the selection improve the lot of our peoples, their life, their can no longer afford to wait 10 years for of your Congressman and in sincerity must health, their minds, their homes, and their population and housing figures-city plan say that your district is the best represented welfare, through freedom and not by slavery; ners, school officials, public health officials, district in the House of Representatives. ready to demonstrate to all our unyielding housing experts, and business, tell us that May the good Lord and the voters of the resolve to maintain our freedom. This is a they must have more frequent population Eighth continue to allow him to serve his time for free peoples to speak up and be and housing figures in order to face up to country for many, many years to come. counted. the problems in their communities. More I also congratulate the people of Virginia I believe, with Lincoln, that sin by silence, over, every year over $3 billion are allocated for the selection of the other great Demo when there is a duty to speak, makes cowards by the Federal and State governments to crats of your delegation without whom the of men. regional and local communities on a per voice of Jeffersonian democracy in the Halls capita basis, using official census figures for of Congress would be weak indeed. determining the population base. This The Commonwealth of Virginia, the birth Statement by Hon. John Lesinski, of . means that a rapidly growing community and growth of our Nation, and the creation loses out if its allocation is based on census and meaning of the Democratic Party are Michigan, on Work of Subcommitlee on figures of 10 years ago. synonymous. No State in this great Union Census and Government Statistics Of course, this is only one of the reasons has contributed more to the foundation for interest in a census of 1965-there are and progress of our Nation than has your many others, but I cite this one because it great Commonwealth. All freedom-loving EXTENSION OF REMARKS explains why there is so much grassroots Americans should press an humble knee OF support for this new census. In his special upon your sacred soil and give thanks to report on the Union message, President Ken Almighty God that from the pangs of birth, HON. JOHN LESINSKI nedy emphasized the need for strong na the agonies of youth, the trials of adoles OF MICmGAN tional defense, so I hardly need mention that cense, and the present anxious and uncer if we would have a census of population in tain moments of the maturity of our Na IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1965, it would be very valuable for national tion, we have always had Virginia. Thursday, May 18, 1961 defense planning purposes, particularly as it We are gathered here tonight to pay trib relates to such needs as distribution of popu Mr. LESINSKI. Mr. Speaker, under ute to Jefferson and · Jackson, the founders lation and the number of males available for and the guiding influence of our Democratic leave to extend my remarks, I should military service. Party. I sometimes wonder if they or either like to insert in the RECORD the follow Our subcommittee plans to hold hearings of them would, if they were here with us ing text of a broadcast I recently made on this proposal later this year. Since there tonight, discern any resemblance between over W JBK-TV, Detroit, Mich., report is interest in every part of the country, we their creation and the present trend of our ing on my activities as chairman of the plan to hold hearings in Washington, D.C., national Democratic Party. Subcommittee on Census and Govern and other cities. As a result of the hearings, "Strong centralized government" is the we expect to be able to reach a decision and motto of the day and does nothing but vio ment Statistics. will, of course, report our findings to Con The text follows: lence to the creed of Jefferson who believed gress for its action. and asserted that "the least governed are STATEMENT BY HON. JOHN LESINSKI OF If any of my listeners would like to express the best governed." The Democratic Party MICHIGAN ON WORK OF SUBCOMMITTEE ON their views on this census proposal, I'd like was firmly established by Jefferson and Jack CENSUS AND GOVERNMENT STATISTICS very much to hear from you. son as the party of the people. The party Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen of that believes that people are capable of gov the WJBK television audienc~. I am pleased erning themselves. When this belief incul tp appear before you once again to report cated into the minds of people by Jefferson on my activities in Washington. . . Speech of Hon. A. Paul Kitchin, of North and Jackson has been put into action we Since everything that Congress does af have always had good government--a gov,;. fects all of you directly ox:. indirectly, I Carolina, Jefferson-J~ckson Day Din ernment that honored the rights of States thought you would be interested in yvhat I and individual freedom. A government that have been doing in the 87th ·Congress as ner, May 13, 1961, Charlottesville, Va. sponsored a sound currency, a balanced chairman of the Subcommittee on Census budget, and an adherence to the principles and Government Statistics. This · commit EXTENSION OF REMARKS of the Constitution of the United States. tee was set up for the first time in the 86th OF A government that decried centralized Congress and is concerned. with matters re bureaucracy and stark Federal power. When lating to our national cen1>us programs..:_ HON. HOWARD W. SMITH we as Democrats turned our back on Jef population, housing, agriculture, ~anufac- . OF VIRGINIA fersonian philosophy we not only caused a turing, business, etc., as well as with the split in our party but have digressed from statistical programs of the Federal Govern IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the great principles that made us great. ment, in general. Thursday, May 18, 1961 Selfish interest and political expediency have Statistics, as such, is a very dry and un replaced fundamental ideals of our party interesting subject to bring up, and al Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, and we find ourselves divided in our own though this activity may appear to be dry under leave to extend my rem_arks in ranks-there are those of us who still be and uninteresting to some of you, I still find the RECORD, I insert a very excellent lieve in the tenets of Jeffersonian democracy that some very interesting and chailenging speech of my colleague, Representative and there are others who have no confidence subjects come before our group. Just last A. PAUL KITCHIN, delivered at the Jeffer in the ability of the people to govern them week we held a hearing to review the results son-Jackson Day dinner of the Eighth selves at local and State levels and who ad of the 1960 census with officials of the Census vocate every measure which will further Bureau. You may be interested to know Virginia Congressional District at Char regiment our people and destroy the rights that the last census cost the taxpayers $128 lottesville, Va., on May 13. of State and local governments. million-it employed some 10,000 supervisors The sound principles of constitutional Yes; of late there appears to be a new and over 160,000 enumerators. Right now law and States rights are worthy of care order of things-a new approach to govern in Washingtqn the final results of the count ful attention of all Americans who har ment by both major parties. Now big gov are being processed on giant computers, and bor a proper respect for the system of ernment must take over and run everything the census reports· are coming out sooner from bureaucratic Washington. This is the than ever before in our history. government devised by our forefathers: trend of the times but the responsibility · The matter · of redistricting of the con SPEECH OF CONGRESSMAN A. PAUL KITCHIN, OF for this trend must be placed where it be gressional districts in Michigan, . about NORTH CAROLINA, JEFFERSON-JACKSON DAY longs-upon the should·ers of the people of which I am sure you have read, by the leg- .. DINNER, MAY 13, 1961, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. this country. The best people on earth but islature in Lansing is based upon the 1960 .Mr. Chairman, Congressman Smith, and a confused, mixed-up people who believe census figures. · fellow Democrats, I am flattered and highly they . want constitutional government but My subcommittee has released a complete h.onored to be here tonight and to be present who eagerly grasp for the personal benefits report on the 1960 census experienc~it is ed by my good ·friend and colleague, Judge of any proposed welfare and privilege legis free and I would be glad to man you a copy SMITH, your able congressman and one of lation. A people that have some confused at your request. - the greatest American statesmen of all time. idea that what the U.S. Government does Now, the census is taken every 10 years While the histOry of your great State is filled for them is free, that, it does not cost. them as our Constitution directs, as you all know, with the names and accomplishments of her anything, that if the cost of government but, recently considerable support has ap great sons, I concede to none of them more must be shaved o1f a litt~e. don't stap my peared for taking the census more often. sincerity of purpo6e, more love of country, ben~fits, stop the benefits of th~ other fel Our subCommittee is· considering a bill which more loyalty to constitutiomil government, low. If someone has to be taxed to pay for would authorize a national census of popu and more -patriotic zeal 'tor the welfare Of all this, don't tax me. That's unfatr. Tax lation and housing iri 1965. This proposal is his Nation · arid its people than HOWARD the other gU,y. A people that :tiave the con strongly backed by State and local govern- SMITH. I congratulate the ·constituency of fused idea that as long as taxes are not 8416 ~ONq.RESSIONAL ~CO;RD -HOUSE May 18 raised to affect their personal pocketbooks, economy. The chosing of one's expression Yes; we can have this America of the it's all right to give billions of dollars in of ·loyalty· is but to· exercise the genius of future, but only if every citizen of the Unit foreign aid ·and _go deeper and : deeper in democracy ·which still remains the type -of ed States accepts his responsibility and ful debt whether it buys any friends or not. government which men who are less than fills his role in the spirit of self-discipline. If it proves later to be a mistake it won't inen seek to avoid. It is the most demand- You cannot say, "Let George do it." cost us anything. Charge it to posterity. ing system that has ever been created. It Democratic government is a shared re Let those generations, yet unborn, bear the is not something created for soft man but a sponsibility. It implies that every citizen, burden of paying this enormous oblig,ation. f!.Ociety and a way of life which our fore as well as every public official, make a career A people who have the confused idea that fathers worked, fought, bled, and died for of citizenship. Only in this way can democ good, benevolent Uncle Sam in the many and can be maintained only with courage, racy be strong. Its strength rests whole grant-in-aid programs. and matching ftmd woxk, sacrifice, and determination--<:ourage. souled on the fact that we have on this soil programs is being very nice to our State and of our convictions; work to acquire knowl the incredible phenomenon of 180 million saves us taxes and lets us spend the money edge to nurture our convictions; sacrifice people who are ruled by themselves. It is as we see fit wi_thout any Federal control, of selfish desires for patriotic citizenship, the people who tell the Government where A people who have the confused idea that and determination to keep our Nation safe it gets on, and where it gets off. It is the the only dangers we face are thm_;e in Laos, for a God-fearing and freedom-loving peo people who hire and fire the Government, Cuba, th~ Co~go, Berlin, and other far away ple. through our system of elections. This is areas of the world. A. people who have the The era in which we now live is fraught an immense responsibility that rests upon confused idea international communism is between two camps-democracy as we know. you and me and every individual American just a ghost storr, to frighten us into con it-and communism and other isms. These citizen. In a nation as large and complex formity. A people who have . the confU$ed ar:e probably more a political expression than as ours, only an intelligent, perceptive citi idea that our internal government is not a philosophy and the real intellectual war zenry could accomplish this task without changing and tha~ those ()f us who are old that is being waged within our world so the machinery of democracy simply falling fashioned enough to believe in constitutional ciety is whether we can evaluate the true apart. gover:Oin.ent are just reactionary and nature of man and history-whether man is We can no longer escape the fact that preachers of doom and gloom-just close free to create history or whether history will our personal destinies are deeply involved your eyes and ears and it will all go away. shackle man to the status of a soul-less with the actions of the Federal Government. There are some of us who seriously wonder Qreature dominated by the state. If we fail to assume our individual respon whether our constitutional government can We the people must awaken from our sibilities. We shall have surrendered our and will survive the avarice, greed, and self opiates of self-indulgence. and regain our per integrity as American citizens, and we shall ishness of a confused citizenry. There are spective. ·~what is America?" not the aca have no cause for complaint.- But if we are some of us who seriously wonder if about all demic concept of geographical and material ever aware that government is a shared re of the Constitution they want now are the existence but-what makes it tick-why. a sponsibility, and if we maintain an alert, first three articles under which to organize, declaration of independence. Why a Con unselfish, and participating citizenry, then the welfare clause under which to legislate, stitution. Why a Bill of Rights. These pro our institutions will be safe and our freedom and the fifth amendment behind which to found questions can only be answered by an secure. hide. There are some of us -who seriously intelligent, courageous, and patriotic peo I would encourage each of you to look to wonder whether our democracy can survive ple after a soul-searching admission that the America that you want for the future, the misuse -of the Constitution by enemies what they stand for cannot survive on and to remember that there is no distinction of our society who, under the guise of rights apathy, ignorance, and irresponsibllity. We between what is good for your future, and and privileges, hide behind it; who, under the must never take our freedoms and liberties what is good for the future of the country. guise of freedom of speech, press, and assem for granted. I wish every native-born citizen I would encourage you to exercise every act bly, castigate and vilify it; and who, under could look upon the face of the foreign-born that is within your power to enrich and pre the guise of humanitarianism and the wel when he finally becomes a naturalized citizen serve the heritage that is ours, and to prove fare clause, would legislate its destruction. of these United States; could see the tears to the world that constitutional democracy The people of this Nation must stabilize of joy--<:ould sense the great soul-filled is not a dying society, but a vibrant and themselves, inform themselves as to what's pride of those who know what it is to be rewarding way of life that holds the dignity happening and then decide what they want deprived of the rights we enjoy and take for of the individual on ' the highest pedesta:l. in Government. Do ·we want a welfare granted. If we could regain from some of This task wm require the effort and dedica- state, socialism, x-ism, call it what you them the real value of American Citizenship tion of every single one of us. ' please, or do we want a return to constitu what a great lesson we could teach in our tional government as decreed by our fore everyda-y lives. Last, but not least, don't be ashamed to be fathers, tested for over a century by its· patriotic, don't hide your face if a tear of We the people must determine the kind pride comes in your eye when Old Glory is political enemies, and survived and prospered of America we want for the future. unfurled and the national anthem is played. over the years guided and sustained by ·a · I think I can speak with a· unanimous Raise your head high and look at America great and freedom'-lOving people. voice for Americans when I say that we want listen, and you'll hear her say to you: "I'm Norman Thomas gave up years ago joy an America- for the future· that lifts its head just what you make me, no more or no ously and . victoriously s_tatin'g that it was high in the world, not because of its mllitary less." no longer necessary for the Socialist Party· might, or its material achievements, but be to exist because the two major parties had cause we are morally right and sound, and already accomplished its aims. Much more because America is a living symbol of the implementation has been made since then rights. and dignity of man. We want an by legislation and Supreme Court decisions. America so constant to its principles, and so Harper Lee's Novel Wins Pulitzer Prize Decisions not based upon stare decises but resolute in honoring its responsibilities to upon changing times and the changing of the free world that our friends all over the our social order; by legislation which by globe will never have reason to regret the EXTENSION OF REMARKS passes the concept of jurisdiction between trust that they have placed in us. We want OP Federal ·and State but ostensibly bottomed an America ever prepared to meet any chal upon the so-Called welfare clause; by laws lenge or .any competing ideology with great HON. FRANK Yi. BOYKIN that tend to relegate our States to mere breadth of courage, and great depth of pur OF ALABAMA vassals of a Federal bureaucratic regime; pose. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by pseudolegal violence to the constitutions Can this be done? Of-course it can. The of our States in actions to dictate the con pattern was ·drawn with the first sketching Thursday, May 18, 1961 trol of State funds and the State's right to of the framework of America in the Declara Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. - Speaker, under spend these funds for the continuation and tion of Independence. We need only re leave to extend my 'remarks in the REc preservation of State institutions; to dictate awaken to the challenge. This America of changes in voting qualifications; to dictate the future will demand citizens who recog ORD, I include therein an article from the intrastate· wages and hours; to dictate whom nize that the true greatness of our Nation Mobile Register dated May 2, 1961, with you must employ before you are eligible does not lie in its high standard of living, reference to Miss Harper Lee entitled to bid on a contract with your own Gov but rather in its high standard of life. We "Harper Lee's Novel Wins Pulitzer ernment; and many other usurpations of shall need citizens who realize that the se Prize." Naturally, all of us in the First States rights too numerous to mention. curity of our Nation is the responsibility of Congressional District of Alabama, of If this is what the people want let them each individual citizen. We must prove that which Monroeville is a part, are quite make a thoughtful and final decisiqn. Final a free people, through voluntary, coopera because once made to accept socialism there tive effort, can achieve a better standard of proud of Miss Lee for winning this much is no retlirn. The choice must be between life than can be gained in the regimented desired prize on her first novel. loyalty· to our selfish interest and loyalty to society of . the Soviet Union. Communism MAT 8, 1961. our individual freedom-loyalty to social and and socialism require people who can be told Miss HARPER LEE, political expediency and loyalty to princi what to do, who can be managed, democracy Monroeville, Ala. ples and ideals-loyalty to a materialistic demands people who have self-control, who . MY DEAR Mtss LEE: All of us down in Ala abundance and loyalty to a fiscally sound can manage themselves. bama are quite proud of our Monroeville 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORO- HOUSE 8417 girl, who made good and who won the 1961 As in the case o! Mr. Mosel and sever·al 8 capti~:1;1e~ "The.Kindly :rtger." It showed Pulitzer Prize for fiction. · others among- the l5 Pulitzer recipients ·an- · a tiger representing communism licking its I know that your father and your sisters nounced yesterday, it was a ~rst !or the 35- -lips ove~ the figure of Africa emerging to and all the rest o! your family are happy year-old Miss Lee, a native of MOnroe.ville, · freedom. . indeed that· you have· scored such a success Ala. · · - · ~xeept !or the gold medai award-which on the first work that· you ever publish~. Although she had been · writing thirigs · carries no cash-all jqurnalistic citations Your experiences ·prove that patience and since she was-7, the novel was the 1lrst work carried prizes of $!,000. Those in arts and perseverance- remove ·mountains. · she had ever published and emerged !rom letters were worth $500 each. May God .continue to bless you in :rour a long and hopeless period o! writing over SEI' UP BY JOSEPH PULITZER · efforts. With kind regards, I am, ·and o~er again. ·The Pulitzer Prizes, set up by the late Sincerely yours, TEXAS PAPER WINS AWARD FRANK ' W. BOYKIN, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer in a be Member of Congress.- The Pulitzer Prize gold medal for public quest to ·columbia Universit-y, are awarded service was awarded to the Amarillo Globe annually by the trustees of the university tFrom the Mobile (Ala.) Register, May 2, Times, the first Texas paper to ever win the on recommendation of an- advisory board 1961] . . award. m~de up mainly of newspaper executives. · The medal, the top newspaper award of Besides fiction and drama,. awards in the ALAJSAMIAN GETS TOP FICTION AwARD--HARPER the year, was for the newspaper's successful . field of arts and·· letters were made in the - LEE'S. NOVEL WINS PuLITZER PRIZE-MON campaign to erase corruption in local gov areas of history, biography, poetry and music, ROEVILLE WRITEll SCORES ~IG Sucx:lESS WITH . ernment. Touched off . by .Editor Thomas Herbert Feis, 68, of York, Maine, won the F'mSTBooK Hazzard Thompson, ·the effort resulted in a prize for history for "Between War and Harper Lee's novel "To Kill a Mocking law enforcement shakeup and election o! a Peace: The Potsdam Conference." It was the ·. bird," has won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for reform slate o! officials. latest· in a lo.ng sei:ies of published works by fiction. :Lynn Heinzerling, -54, o! the Associated , the New York city native, going back to 1930. The 35-year-old Pulitzer winner- hails from Press won the prlze for international ·re- ' D twld Donald, :41, of Princeton, NAJ., won MonroeVille,· Ala., and is a frequent visitor . porting. Mr. · Heinzerliug; ·a native -of Bir _the award for biography !or his "Charles to Mobile. mingham, Ohio, who has been in foreign Sumner and the Coming o! the Ctvll War," Her first novel, "To Klll a Mockingbird," service since 1938, was honored for· •his a study of one of the foremost anti-slavery concerning a small' southern town and its coverage of Africa, including pioneer report voices in the North, people is both a Reader's Digest book-of-the ing during the early days of the Congo The prize for poetry went to Phyllis Mc month· seleetion and a Literary G:ulld choice. · crisis. Ginley, 56, of Larchmont, N.Y .• !or "Times Motion· picture rights for the novel have The prize for national reporting -went to Three,: Selected Verse From. Three Decades!' been acquired· by a producer-director team, Edward R. Cony, · 38, news editor of the Walter Piston's "Sympho:ny No. 7" brought ·Alan Pakula and Robert Mull1gan. ·They Wall Street Journal, for his "analysis of a him-the prize for music. The symphony was plan to visit Miss Lee in Monroeville where timber transaction. which drew the atten commissioned by the Phlladelphia Orchestra they will finish negotiations with a major tion of the public to ·problems of business Association and was first performed by that company for a release and are expected to ethics:• The transact.ton involved the group last February 10. 1\lr. Piston, &7, of start filming this year. Georgia-Pacific Corp.; the Nation's No. 1 Belmont, Mass., also won the ·Pulitzer Music The candid and unassuming author is the plywood producer. -Award in 1948, for his "Symphony No.3." A special citation was bestowed by the daughter o! A. 0. Lee, Monroeville attorney PRIZE FOR PHOTOGRAPHY and former puhlisher of the Monroe Journal. Columbia trustees on "The Amel'lcan Herit The announcement ·of the award came in Yasushi Nagao, 30, of Tokyo, became the age Picture History o! the Civil War:· which an Associated Press dispatch from New York. first foreigner in the 45-year history of the ..covers the war's history in pictures, maps, Miss Lee's family, in Monroeville, expressed .prizes to win the award for photography. sketches and text. . delight at the selection. Only two foreigners ever-won Pulitzer Prizes The mammoth volume was prepared by Her sister, ··Alice Lee, said, "It's the most before-the first in history in 1917, and the the book division of the American Heritage amazing news we could imagine. It is ab other in correspondence ~n 1934. Publishing Co., Inc., with narrative by Bruce solutely amazing, especially ·since it is her Mr. Nagao, of the T{)kyo newspaper Main Catton, a 1954 Pulitzer Prize winner in his first novel." ichi, was cited for his dramatic picture .o! tory. Eight researchers, writers and artists A. C. Lee, 81, her father, and Alice operate the assassination last October 12 o! Japa provided background for th.e hook. their own law firm in Monroevme. They ·are nese socialist Inejiro Asanuma. It was dis partners. tributed in this country by United Press "The whole town is excited over the an International, thus making Mr, Nagao eli no:uncement:• said Miss Lee. "I can't do gible for tb,e prize. The editorial writing award went to Wil Expansion of Teacbiag Service a to All anything but answer the ~lephone. . It's been ringing all afternoon. It just won't liam J. Dorvil:Uer, 53, editor and publisher Handicapped Childreil stop ringin~ of the San Juan (Puerto Rico) Star, founded a llttle more than a year ago and "You see, ·this is a small town and every EXTENSION OF REMARKS body knew Harper and the whole family. owned by Cowles Magazine,' Inc. OP "I talked with her other sister, Mrs. H. Mr. Dorvillier, a native of North Adams, Conner o! Eufaula (Ala.), a little while ago. Mass., and a newspaperman for 26 years, won the prize for editorials criticizing the HON. JOHN E. FOGARTY She is just ~ excited as we are. Catholic bishops. of Puerto Rico for a pas . OF RHODE ISLAND "And rve already talked with Harper twice toral letter forbidding. Catholics to vote for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from New York. She can't believe it either:• the Popular Democratic Party of Gov. Luis Monroev1lle, in south Alabama, has a pop Munoz Marin. Mr. Dorvillier, a Roman Thursday, May 18, 1961 ulation of aoout 3,000. It is a rural commu Catholic, wrote 20 editorials. Mr. Munoz nity, and many claim it was the setting !or Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, I have Marin's p.arty won the election. today introduced. legislation calling· for Miss Lee's novel, about the social problems - Sanche de Gramont, 29 of the New York o! a small town. Herald Tribune, won the prize !or local the extension of the grant program for "That's something for a 1lrst novel," said reporting under pressure o! edition time. expansion of teaching services for men Alice Lee. "We know she would like t backgrounds than in the past--and they will It is worth emphasizing th.at the value of me.rce, export group~, and others. Of some also demand an interest, a willingness to U.S. goods marketed abroad annually is 500 comments received by the Maritime understand and absorb that can be learned greater than that of consumer purchases of Board, all but two condemned the proposed now. It you can discover that the reward automobiles, or the value of·home construc regulations. By this time, the forwarding of work is far more than monetary, your tion, or of gross receipts by all our farmers industry realized the futility of endless liti summer wm be well spent. from their crops of livestock. The value of gation and turned to Congress for help to A SENSmLE WORD OF ADVICE U.S. exports is about equal to that of our avert its total bankruptcy. . entire production of minerals and almost as Bills were subsequently introduced in A young lawyer once wrote to a wise pro much as the retail value of all clothing and Congress to license, regulate, and protect the fessor of law, asking him how he could best shoes purchased by American consumers. interests of the forwarders. One of these prepare for a successful law career. The pro And one other fact: Some 4,500,000 Ameri bills, H.R. 8382, was passed by · the House fessor replied: "Forget about it, and instead cans are employed in industries associated in 1958 but the Senate failed to act on it make yourself as wise and learned as you directly with our foreign trade--or about due to lack of time when the session was can in many fields--in music and literature 7 percent of the total labor force of the adjourned. The legislation was ·rein tro and science. When you have done that, then Nation. d uced in the next Congress and after a long, you will be a good lawyer as well." It is clear, therefore, that the promotion drawn-out process, both Houses approved I have always thought that excellent ad of wholesome trade relations with other the measure--but in different versions. This vice. The man who understands his time countries serves the best interests Of our required a conference to work out a com and the great events in many fields is usually country. Anything that will expand and promise, but again adjournment il).tervened the man who is excellent in his own. So improve such relations will simultaneously and final action did not take place. even though a summer job may not be an strengthen our economy and our security, Consequently, on March 14,. 1961, I intro immediate steppingstone to your eventual and as such must be encouraged. duced a bill, H.R. 5562, contained the same career in life, it is a window onto a part of Naturally, there exist certain abuses and or similar proposals as H.R. 5068 which came life that can be stimulating and valuable. practices which should be corrected. This so close to adoption in the previous Con My best wishes to all of you as the summer is something for the experts to examine gress. Specifically, my bill would do the begins-and good luck in your work. more closely. I merely want to dwell on following: _ one particular subject, i.e., the forwarding 1. It would eliminate certain abuses and industry, which is of such vital importance questionable practices with which the for to the economy of New York and the large warding industry is being charged, notably: The Freight Forwarding Industry and shipping industry in our greatest port. (a) The "dummy" forwarder, who is set Freight brokerage and ocean freight for up and controlled by an exporter as a means Our Foreign Trade · warding is an ancient profession dating back for collecting the brokerage compensation to the early days of the sailing vessel. from carriers. The bill seeks to eliminate EXTENSION OF REMARKS When a ship arrived in port, it sought the aid the "dummy" forwarder by defining the OJ' of an intermediary to obtain cargo for the independent forwarder as a person in the ship and the commission paid for this serv forwarding business ••who is not a shipper or HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO ice became known as "brokerage." As in consignee or a seller or purchaser of ship ternational shipping grew and became more ments • • • nor directly or indirectly con OF NEW YORK complicated, governments adopted tariffs .trols or is controlled by such shipper." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and other laws regulating foreign trade and Thus, licensing will be confined only to Thursday, May 18, 1961 shipping. This required new services for independent forwarders. both shipper and carrier. (b) The collection of unearned brokerage Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, under Thus, an expert was needed to guide ex fees. The bill specifies six types of services leave to extend my remarks, I wish to porters in their foreign transactions, as well which the forwarder may perform for the insert into the RECORD an article of mine as to insure prompt dispatch of their ship carrier, and he must perform a minimum of which is published in this week's issue ments. The forwarder developed into this three of these services in order to be entitled of Brandon's Shipper and Forwarder, kind of an expert, serving both shipper and to compensation. The maximum compen carrier. They included the cost of the for sation is limited to 5 percent of the freight official weekly publication of the New warder's services in their rates, prices and cost. This should eliminate the abuses in York Foreign Freight Forwarders & quotations, the shipper paying a fee to the this field. The six services are: Solicitation Brokers Association. This issue is de forwarder and the carrier paying a commis of cargo for the ship; coordination of moving voted to World Trade Week, which be sion or brokerage. In this way, the for the cargo to shipside; preparation and proc gins on Monday, May 22, and will con warder became an integral part of our for essing of the ocean bill of lading; prepara tinue through Saturday, May 27. eign commerce. tion of dock receipts or delivery orders; The title of my article is "The Freight This relationship between shipper, for preparation of consular documents or export Forwarding Industry Must Not Be De warder and carrier continued satisfactorily declarations; and payment of ocean freight and worked efficiently for many decades charges on such shipments. stroyed." It deals with the plight of this prior to World War II. In 1943, the U.S. 2. By requiring the forwarder to certify industry at the present time and also dis Maritime Commission entered the picture, the services performed as a condition for re cusses my bill, H.R. 5562, which I in and since then there has developed a situa ceiving compensation, the carrier will now troduced on March 14, 1961, containing tion which is gradually driving the forward have an adequate guide to proper brokerage several proposals aiming to protect the ing industry to the point of bankruptcy. fees and the administrative agency will have industry and our foreign trade. In that year the Maritime Commission is a strong weapon for prosecution of any vio The article reads as follows: sued a long questionnaire to the forwarders, lations. resulting in a court challenge of the Com 3. The ocean freight forwarding industry THE FREIGHT FORWARDING INDUSTRY MusT mission's authority and a ruling by the U.S. would be brought under strict but fair li NOT BE DESTROYED Supreme Court in 1946 that forwarders censing and regulation. (By Hon. VICTOR L. ANFUSO, of New York) were "other persons subject to the Ship 4. The forwarding industry would be freed When President Kennedy launched his ping Act." ·of the constant costs of litigation and the New Frontier several months ago, he called Now a series of Lllvestigations of New York dire threats to its existence. on the American people to face up to the freight forwarders began, followed by suc 5. The clear and unambiguous language of problems of this new era. One of these ceeding dockets and regulations regarding the bill makes it an instrument for easy en frontiers is world trade, an area in our na brokerage and its practices. Reams of testi forcement and inexpensive administration. tional life which is extremely important mony were accumulated from various per These changes and innovations are long not only to the prosperity of our Nation, but sons directly concerned with foreign com overdue. This is the only and most logical also to its economic security now and in the merce, and the overwhelming concensus was way to save this industry. At a time whe_n future. Moreover, it is vital to the eco that forwarders are essential to the smooth this country is seeking to restore its economic nomic welfare and the political strength flow of our foreign trade and that both equilibrium, we cannot afford to destroy of our allies in the free world. shippers and carriers were willing to pay indqstries or to drive them to the edge of International trade has been defined as for their services. Finally, the Federal bankruptcy. "the lifeblood of the free world's economy:• Maritime Board, successor to the Maritime The ocean freight forwarding industry That is very true, especially as it concerns Commission, issued in March 1957, a pro should be give.n a full opportunity to devote the United States. Trade with the rest of posed revision of the forwarders' regula its time and effort to the performance of its the world provides us with vital raw mate tions which would have rendered impossible duties as an integral part of our Nation's rials for our industry and security; we, in the continued existence of the forwarding foreign commerce and as an ·indispensable turn, provide those countries with manu industry and would have seriously affected link between shippers and carriers·. The in factured goods, industrial products, farin the flow of our foreign trade. terests of our world trade and its expansion commodities, and others which we ship As was to be expected, a storm of protest in the years.· ahead require ·it. At a time abroad. arose in all parts of the country, including when both lndl,lStry a~d labor in t.l¢1 country Let us also not overlook the fact that shippers, carriers, State and local govern are complaining about the etrect of increased world trade is one of our largest industries. ments, port authorities, chambers of com- imports on the economy of the United States 8420 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 18 we ought to encourage our export trade to nesses it would not be moving out a have been given such wide publicity every extent possible. block of them. through the years? I certainly will exert every effort to have · This is exactly the point I have been We have said to the Democrats, why this beneficial legislation passed. making. not make Capitol Hill as beautiful as As a matter of fact, Mr. DeGiovanni Williamsburg, Va.? might have added that the Democrats in We have said, these businessmen on the Congress would not have called the Capitol Hill are wonderful hosts and The Concern of the Democratic Party for Attorney General-another great cham they make constituents who come to Small Business-Myth and Reality pion of small business-into the case to Capitol Hill feel welcome. These con help throw their neighbors out of their stituents are not welcomed by the res EXTENSION OF REMARKS places of business, and their homes. tam·ants and cafeterias run by the Con OF The Government should not take over gress in its own buildings. There the property under the powers of eminent signs plainly say, over and over again, HON. CARROLL D. KEARNS domain when it does not even have a "For Members of Congress and em OF PENNSYLVANIA definite plan for the use of such prop ployees." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erty. This is totalitarianism. Where will the constituents of Mem The indiscriminate use of the vast bers of Congress go to eat when the Thursday, May 18, 1961 powers of Government in this instance small businessmen o~ - Capitol Hill are Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Speaker, for a to satisfy the whims of the Democrats dispossessed by the Dep·artment of Jus long time now the fearless leaders of the and their desire for wide open spaces is tice and the Democrats in the Congress? Democratic Party have been hard at to take a long, long step toward the kind These are the problems, or some of work projecting an image of themselves of governments with which we are at . them. as the one political party concerned with war in Europe and Asia. The Democrats seem to be perfectly the problems of small business. Dave Bassin, president of the Capitol unaware of the great human tragedy They have pursued this through the Hill Merchants Association, whose firm which they are inflicting on the busi many avenues they have developed for would be purchased under the Demo nessmen and residents who are so un reaching the public. Members of the cratic move to dispossess the neighbor fortunate as to be their neighbors ·on Democratic Party in both Houses of Con ing small businessmen, said, according capitol Hill. gress are constantly at work on this to Roll Call that "his group will support I would say to Dave Bassin and image, building it up. The press, radio the Kearns measure and anything else Nicholas DeGiovanni, Do Not Give Up. and television find that it helps with the which will allow them to stay where they Hold on to the businesses which you Democratic Party leaders to aid them in are." have built up through the years. the projection of this image. Mr. Bassin and Mr. DeGiovanni and I am confident that justice will tri But the Democratic Party does not their colleagues among the · small busi umph in the end. stop there. For many years its leaders nessmen on Capitol Hill thus have had Take your case to the American peo have, at the same time, been engaged in a personal experience with the reality ple. Take it to the voters who elected the projection of the image of the Re behind the image of the Democratic con the Democratic Members of Cong1·ess. publican Party as the party of big busi cern for small businessmen. The voters will undoubtedly respond, ness. I would judge that they are experts for they' believe in fairplay. I am con As a result of long practice the leaders on what lies behind the image which the fident you will win. of the Democratic Party have developed Democrats have been ·so industriously to a fantastic degree their expertise in building up for so many years. :J: would only suggest that you mobilize this matter of image projection. Actually, the Democrats are no more support for the . bills which Senator What is the reality behind the myth? interested in small businessmen than STROM THURMOND and I have introduced. Well, let us look at what the Demo they are in big businessmen. What they I include as part of .my remarks an crats are doing to a hundred small busi are really interested in, and are deeply article from Roll Call, and the text of nessmen just down the street from them committed to, is big government. the bills which Senator STROM THUR on Capitol Hill. It immediately becomes What would it cost them, actually, to MOND and I have sponsored: clear that the supposed concern of the be good neighbors? The Democrats like [From the Roll Call, May 17, 1961) Democrats for small businessmen is only to pride themselves on being good neigh HILL MERCHANTS FIGHT ANEW IN 100 BLOCK a myth. bors to the rest of mankind. Merchants in a block to be leveled for The Democrats are not even good The Congress has appropriated $80 Capitol Hill expansion are launching a new, neighbors. billion to help businessmen in other two-pronged attack at the Government take Suppose a family moved into the nations get back into business and to over. house next door to you, and, after get One phase is a bill introduced by Repre stay in business. sentative CARROLL D. KEARNS, of Pennsyl ting settled down began shortly there Here at home, on Capitol Hill, they vania, which would prevent expenditures of after to use the vast powers of Govern could not care less. funds for purchase or demolition of build ment to dispossess you and push you For the benefit of Dave Bassin, and ings in the Capitol area without a compre around? Nicholas DeGiovanni, let me say that all hensive plan for the development, preserva You would not like it, and the small Democrats are not alike. tion and improvement of the area. businessmen on Capitol Hill don't like it Many of them are deeply interested in The bill, if approved, would block eminent either. domain proceedings for the purchase of the the plight of Mr. Bassin and Mr. De block, which is bounded by Independence If they are forced to move from Capitol Giovanni and their colleagues. . Avenue, First, C, and Second Streets, SE. Hill, they lose their customers and they But for some strange reason all of There is no specific proposal for the use of lose their means of livelihood. them are silent. the property. When they relocate somewhere else All, that is, except Senator STROM The merchants are also planning a private they will have to begin a hard :fight for THURMOND, of South Carolina, who has bill which would be tacked onto the appro new customers and they will have to take joined me in sponsoring legislation to priations bill. It would authorize payments these customers away from other busi hold up the impersonal processes of gov to them in addition to funds for the physical value of their property. nessmen. They may never recover from ernment which the Democratic Members Several Representatives are looking over this enforced move. of the Congress have set in motion. the measure for possible sponsorship. It Roll Call, the newspaper of Capitol We have made a very simple proposi would reimburse owners for intangible Hill, reports in its cu1Tent May 17, 1961, tion to the Democrats. good will values of their locations in the issue that Nicholas DeGiovanni, restau We have said to them, look, why not event the Kearns bill dies and they must rant owner, said he has been on Capitol develop a long-range plan for beautify move out. The private bill will substitute for another Hill for 14 years and will join any move ing the environs of the U.S. Capitol bill which had been introduced by Repre ment to stop purchase of the block. Building? sentative CLEVELAND M. BAILEY, Of West According to Roll Call, Mr. DeGiovanni We have said, why not protect the Virginia, reimbursing the owners for in added that if the Government was really small businessmen of Capitol Hill in line tangible values. Word leaked out of the concerned with the plight of small busi- with the Democratic statements which Public Works Committee that the bill could 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 8421 not be adopted since it would set a costly ervation and improvement of the physi on the District of Columbia of the House of precedent. cal_ environs of the United States Capitol Representatives, acting separately or jointly, The Kearns bill will probably be bounced Bmlding and the surrounding complex of s~all conduct a full and complete investiga since proceedings are already well underway Federal buildings, including the Senate and tiOn and study of the following matters as to buy the property. House Office Buildings, the Library of Con they relate to the Agency and to the per Under an order of the U.S. District Court gress, and the United States Supreme Court, formance by the Agency of its functions un for the District of Columbia, residents must no funds shall be expended for the acquisi der this Act: vacate by August 1 and commercial estab ton of real property or for the purchase or " ( 1) Methods of appraisal and land dis lishments must vacate by March 1, 1962. demolition of existing buildings located in position procedures and contracts; Dave Bassin, president of the Capitol Hill the vicinity of the United States Capitol "(2) Compliance with this Act in the de~ Merchants Association, whose firm would be Building and the surroundng complex of velopment of project plans; purchased under the Government's move, Fed·eral buldings." "(3) Reduction of project cost by empha said his group will support the Kearns meas sis on rehabilitation; ure "and anything else" which will allow H.R. 6134 "(4) Propriety of excessive credit for non them to stay where they are. cash grants-in-aid to the District of Colum Nicholas DeGiovanni, restaurant owner A bill to amend the District of Columbia bia; Redevelopment Act of 1945 to provide for preparing to open a new addition, said he " ( 5) Public interest versus negotiation has been on Capitol Hill for 14 years and the preservation or restoration of housing with single developers; will join any movement to stop purchase of and certain other structures in the Dis trict of Columbia, where such housing or "(6) Establishment of sound accounting the block. . and financial practices; DeGiovanni said he hoped the Kearns bill other structures are not substandard or can be restored to good condition,- and "(7) Lack of provision for privately built will revive interest, and "maybe someone middle-income housing; will lend a sympathetic ear." He said for other purposes · "(8) Relocation procedures as they relate Speaker SAM RAYBURN "has said he needs Be it enacted by the Senate and House oj to displaced persons and businessmen, with room to breathe," but "If he does he should Representatives of the Vnited States of special attention to the problems of small go back to Texas." Ame1·ica in Congress assembled That sec businessmen; The ·restaurant owner added that if the tion 7 of the District of Columbia Redevel Government was really concerned with the opment Act of 1945 (District of Columbia "(9) Adequacy of opportunities ..afforded plight of small businesses it wouldn't be Code 5-706) is amended by adding at the local contractors and redevelopers to partic- moving out a block of them. end thereof the following new subsections: ipate in renewal projects; . Representative KEARNS told Roll Call that "(j) Notwithstanding any other provision "(10) Problems of undue delays in re the Government should not try to take over of this Act, (1) housing (including struc storing neighborhoods to viable condition so the property when it doesn't even have a tures o_f historic or general significance) as to produce both business and individual definite plan for its use. which 1s not substandard in any project tax revenues for local government; and area shall be preserved and shall not be de "(11) Such other matters as are related H.R. 6893 molished or included in the acquisition and to "the expeditious and efficient restoration assembling by the Agency of the real prop of neighborhoods in accordance with provi A bill to amend the District of Columbia sions of Federal and local laws. Redevelopment Act of 1945 to provide for erty in such area; and (2) the owner of any the preservation of the home of John substand.ard housing (including structures Each such committee shall report to its or sites of historic or general significance) in respective House at the earliest practicable Philip Sousa, and to protect the homes time the results of the investigation and of residents and the businesses and good the project area which can be rehabilitated or restored to good condition shall be en study together with such recommendations will of the small businessmen in the vicin as it deems advisable." ity of the United States Capitol Build couraged and assisted by the Agency to un ing dertake and carry out such rehabilitation Be it enacted by the Senate and House of or restoration, and such housing (or struc s. 1681 tures or sites) shall not be de~olished or Representatives of the Un'ited States of included in the acquisition and assembling A bill to amend the District of Columbia ~merica in Congress asse?Jtbled, That sec by the Agency of the real property in such Redevelopment Act of 1945 to provide for ~ion 7 of the District of Columbia Rede the preservation or restoration of housing area unless sue~ owner, after having had velopment Act of 1945 (D.C. Code 5-706) a reasonable time following notification by and certain other structures in the District is amended by adding at the .end .thereof the Agency to complete such rehabilitation of Columbia, where such housing or other the following: or restoration, has failed to do so; and in the structures are not substanda-rd or can· be "(j) ( 1) For the purpose of providing for case of any such failure the Agency, after restored to good condition, and for other the preservation, and maintenance as a acquiring such housing (.or structures or purposes. shrine, of the former home in the District sites) shall itself provide for the rehabili Be it enacted by the Senate and House of of Columbia of John Philip Sousa, there is tation or restoration thereof whenever it de Representatives of the United 'states of hereby established a board consisting of the termines that such rehabilitation or restora America in Congress assembled, That sec conductor of the band of the United States tion is desirable or appropriate. tion 7 of the District of Columbia Redevel Army, the conductor of the band of the "(k) There is hereby established a Com opment Act of 1945 (District of Columbia United States Navy, the conductor of the mission, consisting of the chairman of the Code 5-706) is amended by adding at the band of the United States Marine Corps, Committee on the District of Columbia of end thereof the following new subsections: and the conductor of the band of the United the Senate and two members of such com- • "(j)_ Notwiphstanding any other provision States Air Force, ex officio, plus ten addi mittee appointed by the chairman; the chair o! thts Act, (1) housing (including struc tional individuals appointed by the Presi man of the Committee on the District of tures of historic or general significance) dent, which shall acquire the home of John Columbia of the House of Representatives which is not substandard iri any project area Philip Sousa at 318 Independence Avenue, and two members of such committee ap shall be preserved and shall not be demol in the District of Columbia, and shall pre pointed by the chairman; the Librarian of ished or included in the acquisition and serve and maintain such home as a shrine Congress; the Chief Justice of the United assembling by the Agency of the real prop dedicated to his memory, and as a museum States; and eleven distinguished cultural erty in such area; and (2) the owner of for the preservation of memorabilia of John leaders from the fields of architecture his any substandard housing (including struc Philip Sousa. tory of architecture, landscape archite~ture, ~ures or sites of historic or general signif . "(2) For the. purpose of obtaining funds and the other arts appointed by the Presi Icance) in the project area which can be for cm-rying out this subsection, the board dent;. which sllall study, develop, and on or rehabilitated or restored to gOod condition is authorized to accept donations of fuhds before February 15, 1962, recommend to the shall be encouraged and assisted by the services, and property, and to conduct ana~ Congress a comprehensive plan for the Agency to undertake and carry out such re tionwide fundraising campaign. All depart proper development, preservation, and im habilitation or restoration, and such housing ments and agencies of the U~ited States, provement of the physical environs· of the (or structures or sites) shall not be demol upon request made by the board, shall trans United States Capitol Building and the sur ished or included in the acquisition and fer to the board all memorabilia of John rounding complex of Federal buildings, in assembling by the Agency of the real prop Philip Sousa in the custody or control of cluqing the Senate and House Office Build erty in such area unless such owner, after such departments and agencies. having had a reasonable time following "(3) Members of the board shall serve ings, the Library of Congress, and the United States Supreme Court. Until such notification by the Agency to complete such without compensation for their services as rehabilitation or restoration, has failed to such, but they shall be reimbursed for their recommendations have been submitted to do so; and in the case of any such failure expenses of travel and subsistence while ac the Congress, no funds shall be expended the Agency, after acquiring such housing tually engaged in the performance of the for the acquisition of real property or for (or structures or sites) shall itself provided duties vested in the board. There are here the purchase or demolition of existing build for the rehabilitation or restoration thereof by authorized to be appropriated such sums ings located in the vicinity of the United whenever it determines that such rehabilita as may be necessary to carry out this sub- States Capitol Building and the surrounding tion or restoration is desirable or appropriate. ·section. complex of Federal Buildings. "(k) There is hereby established a Com "(k) Until a comprehensive plan has been "(1) The Committee on the District of mission, consisting of the chairman of the prepared for the proper development, pres- Columbia of the Senate and the Committee Committee on the District of Columbia of 8422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 19 the Senate and two members of such com chase or demolition of existing buildings "(6) Establishment of sound accounting mittee appointed by the chairman; the chair located in the vicinity of the United States and financial practices; man of the Committee on the District of Capitol Building and the surrounding com " (7) Lack of provision for privately built Columbia of the House of Representatives plex of Federal buildings. middle-income housing; and two members of such committee ap "(1) The Com'mittee on the District of "(8) Relocation procedures as they relate pointed by the chairman; the Librarian of Columbia of the Senate and the Committee to displaced persons and businessmen, with Congress; the Chief Justice of the United on the District of Columbia of the House of special attention to the problems of small States; and eleven distinguished cultural Representatives, acting separately or jointly businessmen; leaders from the fields of architecture, his shall conduct a full and complete inves " ( 9) Adequacy of opportunities afforded tory of architecture, landscape archite·cture~ tigation and study of the following matters local contractors and redevelopers to partic and the other arts appointed by the Presi as they relate to the Agency and to the per ipate in renewal projects; dent; which shall study, develop, and on formance by the Agency of its functions " (10) Problems of undue delays in re or before February 15, 1962, recommended under this Act: storing neighborhoods to viable condition to the Congress a comprehensive plan for " ( 1) Methods of appraisal and land dis so as to produce both business and individ-. the proper development, preservation, and position procedm·es and contracts; ual tax revenues for local government; and improvement of the physical environs of "(2) Compliance with this Act in the " ( 11) Such other matters as are related the United States Capitol Building and the development of project plf.!.ns; to the expeditious and efficient restoration surrounding complex of Federal buildings, "(3) Reduction of project cost by em of neighborhoods in accordance with provi including the Senate and House Office Build phasis on rehabilitation; sions of Federal and local laws. ings, the Library of Congress, and the United "(4) Propriety of excessive credit for non "Each such committee shall report to its States Supreme Court. Until such recom cash grants-in-aid to the District of Co House at the earliest practicable time the mendations have been submitted to the ·eon lumbia; results of the investigation and study to gress, no funds shall be expended for the "(5) Public intere-st versus negotiation gether with such recommendations as it acquisition of real property or for the pur- with single developers; deems advisable." The message also announced that the By Mr. KEFAUVER, from the Committee SENATE House had passed a bill