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Software-Defined Radio Receiver Design and Development for China Digital Radio (CDR)

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Software-Defined Radio Receiver Design and Development for China Digital Radio (CDR) Software-defined radio receiver design and development for China Digital Radio (CDR) SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIO RECEIVER DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT FOR CHINA DIGITAL RADIO (CDR) Yun Wang Delft University of Technology Telecommunications & Sensing Systems Department of EEMCS Delft University of Technology This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Master of Electronic Engineering July 2015 Yun Wang - July 2015 1 Software-defined radio receiver design and development for China Digital Radio (CDR) This project is funded by NXP Semiconductors and executed in NXP CR&D in Eindhoven, The Netherlands. 2 Yun Wang - July 2015 Software-defined radio receiver design and development for China Digital Radio (CDR) ABSTRACT China digital audio broadcasting in FM band (commonly referred to as CDR) is a newly released digital audio broadcasting standard (GY/T 268-2013) which operates in the FM-band (87MHz to 108MHz) in China. This report introduces this standard in English for the first time which is based on an official version written in Chinese, including multiplexing, frame structure, channel coding and modulation schemes, etc. In the report, a CDR receiver simulation chain is designed and tested. To be specific, several problems of the CDR receiver are investigated and analyzed including local oscillator offset, Doppler shift and time-variation. Solutions for every problem are explored and implemented in Matlab selectively. Together with the multipath channel modeling and the defined transmitter model implementation in Matlab, the complete FM-band digital audio broadcasting chain is simulated and tested. The proposed solution of the CDR receiver indicates the applicability of the FM-band digital audio broadcasting standard. It is a preliminary research on CDR standard and may be improved in the future. Yun Wang - July 2015 3 Software-defined radio receiver design and development for China Digital Radio (CDR) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Hong Li of NXP Semiconductor for giving me a lot of patient guidance, numerous helpful instructions and support during the project; I would like to thank Dr. Nur Ergin of NXP Semiconductor for giving me many useful ideas and suggestions during the project; I would like to thank Dr.Ir Gerard M. Janssen of Delft University of Technology for supporting me in this project, giving comments and instructions for both project and report; I would like to thank Dr.Ir Jos H. Weber of Delft University of Technology for giving great lectures on understanding wireless communication system and channel coding schemes which are essential in this project; I would like to thank Prof.Dr.Ir Alle-Jan Van der Veen of Delft University of Technology for the support and encouragement in this project; I would like to thank Dr.Ir Huijuan Wang of Delft University of Technology for the care and encouragement in my life and study; I would like to thank Dr.Ir Rob Kooij of TNO for the instructions during my internship which gave me the confidence and platform to do my thesis project in NXP Semiconductor; I would like to thank Audrey Cuenin of EPFL for accompanying and supporting me during this project; I would like to thank my parents for their supporting me on my study, caring about my life and selfless love. 4 Yun Wang - July 2015 Software-defined radio receiver design and development for China Digital Radio (CDR) CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 1 1.2 IBOC BROADCASTING .............................................................................................. 1 1.3 PROJECT GOAL .......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 PROJECT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 3 1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ..................................................................................... 4 2 CDR STANDARD INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 5 2.1 CDR SERVICE SYSTEM DIAGRAM ............................................................................. 5 2.2 DEFINED CDR TRANSMITTER MODEL ....................................................................... 6 2.3 FRAME STRUCTURE .................................................................................................. 7 2.4 SYSTEM TRANSMISSION MODES ................................................................................ 7 2.5 SPECTRAL MODES ..................................................................................................... 9 2.6 DATA PROCESSING ................................................................................................. 10 2.7 FRAME PERMUTATION ............................................................................................ 12 3 PROBLEM DEFINITION ........................................................................................ 15 3.1 CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET AND TIMING ............................................................. 16 3.2 WIRELESS CHANNEL ............................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Multipath effect .............................................................................................. 17 3.2.2 Noise ............................................................................................................... 19 3.2.3 Effect of the wireless channel ......................................................................... 19 3.3 MOBILITY ............................................................................................................... 21 4 CDR SIMULATION CHAIN MODELLING AND ARCHITECTURE .............. 23 4.1 TRANSMITTER MODEL ............................................................................................ 23 4.2 WIRELESS CHANNEL MODEL ................................................................................... 24 4.3 RECEIVER CHAIN .................................................................................................... 24 5 CDR INNER RECEIVER DESIGN ......................................................................... 27 5.1 ACQUISITION MODE ................................................................................................ 27 5.1.1 Header detection ............................................................................................ 27 5.1.2 Carrier frequency offset estimation ............................................................... 32 5.2 OPERATING MODE .................................................................................................. 38 5.2.1 Time tracking ................................................................................................. 38 5.2.2 Frequency tracking ........................................................................................ 41 5.2.3 Channel estimation ........................................................................................ 43 Yun Wang - July 2015 5 Software-defined radio receiver design and development for China Digital Radio (CDR) 5.2.4 Interpolation .................................................................................................. 44 5.2.5 Channel equalization ..................................................................................... 48 6 OUTER RECEIVER IMPLEMENTATION & SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS .. 49 6.1 DE-INTERLEAVING ................................................................................................. 49 6.2 LDPC DECODING ................................................................................................... 50 7 RESULTS ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 53 7.1 PERFORMANCE UNDER THE AWGN CHANNEL ....................................................... 53 7.2 PERFORMANCE UNDER THE TU6 CHANNEL: DIFFERENT MODULATION SCHEMES .... 55 7.3 PERFORMANCE UNDER THE TU6 CHANNEL: DIFFERENT VELOCITIES ...................... 56 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................... 57 8.1 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................ 57 8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ................................................................ 58 9 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 59 10 APPENDICES .......................................................................................................... 64 6 Yun Wang - July 2015 Software-defined radio receiver design and development for China Digital Radio (CDR) LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1 DEFINED PROPERTIES OF 3 TRANSMISSION MODES ............................................ 8 TABLE 3.1 COHERENCE BANDWIDTH FOR DIFFERENT CHANNEL MODELS ......................... 18 TABLE 3.2 TRANSMIT BANDWIDTH FOR DIFFERENT SPECTRAL MODES ............................. 19 TABLE 3.3 COHERENCE TIME FOR DIFFERENT VELOCITY .................................................. 22 TABLE 4.1 PROPERTIES OF TU6 MODEL ........................................................................... 24 TABLE 5.1 HEADER DETECTION CORRECT RATE UNDER AWGN CHANNEL, 50PPM .......... 31 TABLE 5.2 HEADER DETECTION CORRECT RATE UNDER TU6 CHANNEL, V=300KM/H, 50PPM .....................................................................................................................
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