PROCEEDINGS of the ASIATIC SOCIETY of BENGAL EDITED by Jhe J^ONORARY Jsecretaries
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: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL EDITED BY The fioNOi^i^ jSecp\etaf^es. JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1882. 05 CALCUTTA PKINTED BY J. W. THOMAS, BAPTIST MISSIOIf TJiESS, AND PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STREET. 1882. CONTENTS, Page Proceedings for January, 1882 1.20 Do. for February, including Annual Report 21-54 Do. for March, 1882 55.74 Do. for April, „ 75-88 Do. for May, „ 89-92 Do. for June, „ 93-102 Do. for July, „ 103-106 Do. for August, „ , 107-136 Do. for November, „ 137-154 Do. for December, „ 155-168 In<iex 169-186 List of Members of the Asiatic Society of Bengal on the 31st December, 1881, Appendix to February Proceedings i-xvi Abstract Statement of Ivcceipts and Disbursements of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for the year 1881, Appendix to February Proceedings xvii-xxviii LIST OF PLATES. I. —Map of the Singpho-Kampti country (p. 64). II. —Bank-note of the Ming Dynasty (p. 77). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. j^oR Januai^, 1882. Y of Bengal was it, in the Chair, of California Academy Sciences led. iirvey of India. Presented hy Asiatic Society o —Punjab Cus- Bengal. nistan and part Apri l Z. 190_2L. urvey of India. of the Geology 6. From the Surveyor General of India,—Map of India, 1881. the 7. From Superintendent in charge, Tidal and Levelling Opera- tions, Survey of India,— (1) Tide-Tables for the Indian Ports for "1882, by Capt. A. Baird and W. E. Roberts.—(2) Tide-Tables for the River Hooghly, Diamond Harbour, Fort Gloster and Kidderpore, for 1882, by Capt. A. W. Baird and E Roberts. —(3) Tide-Table for the River Hoog])ly 18.^2, by Capt. A. W. Baird and E. Roberts. 8. From the Meteorological Reporter for W^tern India,— Brief sketch of the Meteorology of the Bombay Presidency in 1880. 9. From the Authors,— (1) On the Land Molluscan Genus Durgella, W. T. Blanford with notes on its ; anatomy and description of a new species, by Lieut. -Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen. —(2) Description of the Animal of Durgella christiance, a species of Land-shell from the Andaman — — 2 Fresenfafions. [Jan. Islands, by Lieut. -Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen. — (3) Address before the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1881, by Col. G. Mallery.—(4) The Hindu and Roman Law of Adoption, by D. M. Gardner.— (5) Report on the Census of the Town and Suburbs of Calcutta, taken on 17th February 1881. Compiled by H. Beverley. 10. From the Secretary, Clarendon Press, Oxford,—Anecdota Oxonien- sia. Texts, Documents, and Extracts chiefly from MSS. in the Bodleian and other Oxford Libraries. Aryan Series, Vol. I, Ft. I. Buddhist Texts from Japan, by F. Max Miiller. 11. From the Munich Academy,— (1) Gedachtnisrede auf Leonhard von Spengel, by Wilhelm von Christ. — (2) Die Wittelsbacher in Schweden, by Karl Theodor Heigel. 12. From the Department of Agriculture, U. S., America,—Annual Report for 1878 and 1879. 13. From the Smithsonian Institution,—A memorial of Joseph Henry. 14. From the Boston Society of Natural History,—Anniversary Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1830-1880. The following gentleman was balloted for and elected an Ordinary Member: — Babu Girijabhusan Mukerji. The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society : D. M. Gardner, Esq. J. W. Alexander, Esq. H. G. Keene, Esq. Ramesvar Maliah, Esq. Major A. G. Ross. The Council announced that Mr. A. Pedler had consented to act as Treasurer during the temporary absence of Mr. J. Eliot. The Secretary read a letter from the Under-Secretary to the Govern- ment of Bengal forwarding a copy of a letter from the Commissioner of the Orissa Division, reporting on the origin and growth of the sect of the Hindu Dissenters who profess to be the followers of Alekh. The Commissioner of the Orissa Division writes : *' 1. The founder of the sect is said to have been one Mukund Das. 1882.] On a sect of Hindu Dissenters. 3 He lived for a long time in Puri as an Achari Vaishnava, and was known as the Dhula Babaji from the fact of his daubing his body with ashes. " 2. About thirty years ago he left Puri and came to Dhenkanal, one of the Tributary States of Cuttack, where he selected as his dwelling-placa the Kapilas hills near a shrine of Mahadev. During the first twelve years of his residence at Kapilas, Mukund Das lived on fruits and accordingly was known as the Phalahari Babaji. The next twelve years were passed on milk and water which secured him the cognomen of Kshira-nira-payi. " During his sojourn at Kapilas, he was known to be a devout wor- shipper of the local idol, and took much pains in improving the place by cutting the jungle, making gardens, looking after the Bhog or sacred food of the idol, and taking care of the pilgrims who visit the hills periodically. This procured him the respect of the mother of the late Maharaja of Dhenkanal, who supplied his food. He gradually succeeded in securing the respect of the people of the surrounding villages, and the popular belief was that he was in secret communion with the idol and could successfully intercede with it on behalf of its votaries. The currency of this belief was further facilitated by the fact of his taking special care of the sick people who resorted to Kapilas for the benefit of their health, and very generally succeeded in getting it restored, and his visiting the temple at the dead of night while every one had retired to rest. " 3. After thus remaining at Kapilas for several years, and finding that he had sufficiently established his reputation and secured the respect of the people, Mukund Das left the place and began to preach that Mahadev and the other idols worshipped by the Hindus were nothing else but stone and wood, and that the worship of these destructible articles was useless and of no avail, that the Creator of the universe was Alekh or Mahima (which literally means ' glorious') a spiritual Being without form, omnipresent and omniscient, and that he alone could hold communion with him and get his prayers granted. He eschewed his kaupin (waist cloth) and kanthi (wooden beads worn round the neck), the two distinctive features in the raiment of a Vaishnava, and wore kumbhipat (the bark of a tree called kumbhi) to cover his nakedness. " 4. From Kapilas, Mukund Das went to Puri, where he remained for some time in a hut on the sands near the temple of Lokanath Mahadev. He next came to Daruteng in tlie Government state of Khorda in Puri where he built a tungi (a place of worship), and commenced to propagate the new doctrine. It was at this place that Mukund Das was deified and began to be addressed as the Mahima Gosain. It appears that one Gobind Das was his first, and Narsing Das his second disciple ; others followed their example, and in course of time all these followers dispersed on all sides for 4 On a sect of Hindu Dissenters. [Jait. the propagation of tbe new doctrine ; shortly after a place of worship was established at Malbeharpur in Kellah Banky ; other places were opened in Bome of the remaining Tributary States as well as in Sambalpur, Purl and Cuttack. At some of these places of worship, the Mahima Gosain gave large feasts, which were numerously attended. In 1875 in the month of Kartic on the day of the full moon, a fair was held at Jacka in Dhen- kanal, where a large number of the followers of the Gosain assembled with rich presents including valuable clothes, silver utensils, &c. It is said that the Babaji, or Swami as he was also addressed, offered these presents to the late Maharaja of Dhenkanal, and on his declining to accept them they were openly burnt in the fire of the sacred Dhuni (fire kept up by religious mendicants). Thus in a few years the Mahima Gosain succeeded in making many disciples and followers, and on the days of £he full moon thousands of men and women from distant parts of the country might have been seen wending their way to the tungis, with bangy loads of ghee, sugar and other valuable presents. It is said that at present the new faith is more popular in Sambalpur than in any other district. It is confined mostly to the ignorant and illiterate people of the lower classes of the Hindu community, who were, it is said, induced to adopt the new religion by hopes of enjoyment if they followed, and threats of perdition if they did not follow, its precepts. *' 5. The disciples of the Mahima Swami inculcate self-denial and re- signation to God as the sources of salvation ; they do not aspire after worldly greatness or pleasure ; extreme humility is one of their characteristics. They have no prescribed mode of worship except praise of God and prayer for His mercy. They recognise the Bhagavata, one of the religious books of the Hindus, but interpret it in a different waj^ from the Hindus. They have a.Malika, or book of predictions, which treats of the incarnation of Alekli in the shape of Mahima Swami to redeem the world from sin and to indicate the way to salvation. Besides this they have got another book containing songs and dialogues interpreting the truth of Alekh. Most of these songs, &c., are said to have been composed hy Bhima Bhoi, a Khond, who is said to have been born blind, and afterwards endowed with sight by the Mahima Swami.