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Cost Model for the Construction of Rural Pre-School Building in Sarawak

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Cost Model for the Construction of Rural Pre-School Building in Sarawak COST MODEL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL PRE-SCHOOL BUILDING IN SARAWAK YVONNE NG SHIN PING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA P DECLARATION OF THESIS / UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT Author’s full name : YVONNE NG SHIN PING Date of birth : 21ST JUNE 1988 Title : COST MODEL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL PRE-SCHOOL BUILDING IN SARAWAK Academic Session : 2013/2014 I declare that this thesis is classified as : CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)* RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the organisation where research was done)* / OPEN ACCESS I agree that my thesis to be published as online open access (full text) I acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows : 1. The thesis is the property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2. The Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only. 3. The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange. Certified by : SIGNATURE SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR 880621-52-5044 DR. YAHYA BIN MOHAMAD YATIM (NEW IC NO./PASSPORT NO) NAME OF SUPERVISOR Date : Date : NOTES : * If the thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED, please attach with the letter from the organisation with period and reasons for confidentiality or restriction. SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION “I/We hereby declare that I/We have read this thesis and in my/our opinion this thesis is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Quantity Surveying.” Signature : a Name of Supervisor I : DR. YAHYA BIN MOHAMAD YATIM Date : a Signature : a Name of Supervisor II : DR. KHERUN NITA BTE ALI a Date : a * Delete as necessary COST MODEL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL PRE-SCHOOL BUILDING IN SARAWAK YVONNE NG SHIN PING A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the awards of the degree of Bachelor of Quantity Surveying Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JAN 2014 ii DECLARATION I declare that this thesis entitled “Cost Model for The Construction of Rural Pre- School Building In Sarawak” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree. Signature : a Name : YVONNE NG SHIN PING a Date : a iii DEDICATION To my beloved father, mother and sisters, Thanks for understanding and all the financial and moral supports. Supervisor and lecturers from Department of Quantity Surveying, Thanks for giving me guidance throughout the study. And to him who has given me the courage to move forward. Thanks for always be there for me. Thanks for Everything…. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to express my highest gratitude to those who has been helping me throughout the study. The research would not have been successful without the great assistance, supports, sacrifices and generous contributions from various parties. First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Yahya Bin Mohamad Yatim who has given me meaningful advice regarding my study especially the way I should present my writing for the study. Besides that, I would like to thank the data provider Mr Yeo S.H., Miss Yvonne Ngu and all the staff from PEB Consulting QS Sdn Bhd who had spent their precious time supporting me during the data collection. Moreover, I would like to thank all my friends and family members who has supported and dedicated me throughout the completion process of this study. Thank you very much. v ABSTRACT Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia. The state has relatively slow development until rapid development from the government’s plans has increased the construction activities in the state. Under the NKRA, the government has allocated a sum of RM1.2 billion to provide quality pre-school education in the year 2013. Therefore, it is important for estimator to obtain a firm cost forecast basis in order to estimate the construction cost in the preliminary stage. However, there is no proper documentation and collection of cost data for the building of pre-schools in the remote area of Sarawak. This study is carried out with the objective of identify the cost elements and design specification for the construction of remote pre-schools in the state. Besides, the study also analysed the optimum cost for pre-school construction in Sarawak. To ensure the objectives are achieved, cost data and design of pre-schools was obtained directly from the consultants involved in the pre-schools project. A total of 17 rural pre-schools cost data were collected and analysed. Based on the analysis, it appears that the design and specification for the pre-school building in Sarawak under the NKRA was identical. For the construction cost, Kapit division was recorded to be highest in terms of both functional unit cost and functional area cost. As a whole, the results shown locality as the factor that resulted in the cost varies. vi ABSTRAK Sarawak merupakan negeri yang terbesar di Malaysia. Negeri ini menghadapi perkembangan yang agak perlahan sehingga pembangunan pesat daripada rancangan kerajaan yang telah meningkatkan aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan di negeri ini. Di bawah NKRA, kerajaan telah memperuntukkan sebanyak RM1.2 bilion untuk menyediakan kualiti pendidikan prasekolah pada tahun 2013. Oleh itu, adalah penting bagi jurukur bahan untuk mendapatkan asas ramalan kos yang kukuh bagi menganggarkan kos pembinaan pada peringkat awal. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak ada dokumentasi dan pengumpulan data kos bagi pembinaan prasekolah di kawasan pedalaman Sarawak. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan objektif untuk mengenal pasti elemen-elemen kos dan spesifikasi reka bentuk untuk pembinaan prasekolah pedalaman di negeri ini. Selain itu, kajian ini juga dianalisis kos yang optimum untuk pembinaan prasekolah di Sarawak. Bagi memastikan objektif tercapai, data kos dan reka bentuk pra -sekolah telah diperolehi secara langsung daripada pakar perunding yang terlibat dalam projek prasekolah. Sebanyak 17 prasekolah luar bandar kos data telah dikumpul dan dianalisis. Berdasarkan analisis, didapati bahawa rekabentuk dan spesifikasi bagi pembinaan prasekolah di Sarawak di bawah NKRA adalah serupa. Kos pembinaan, bahagian Kapit yang dicatat ialah tertinggi dari segi kos unit berfungsi dan kos luas berfungsi. Secara keseluruhannya, keputusan menunjukkan jarak tapak sebagai faktor yang menyebabkan kos yang berbeza-beza . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION TITLE PAGE i DECLARATION ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv ABSTRACT v ABSTRAK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv LIST OF APPENDICES xvi 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Research Questions 3 1.4 Objectives 4 1.5 Scope 4 1.6 Significance of the study 4 1.7 Research Methodologies 5 1.7.1 Literature Review 5 1.7.2 Documentation Search 6 1.7.3 Formation of data recorded tools 6 1.7.4 Data Collection 6 viii 1.7.5 Data Analysis 7 1.7.6 Summary 7 1.7.7 Suggestion 7 1.7.8 Flow Chart of Research Methodology 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Definition of Cost Model 9 2.3 Definition of Cost Estimate 10 2.4 Estimating Methods 12 2.4.1 Conference Estimate 14 2.4.2 Financial Method 14 2.4.3 Unit Method 15 2.4.4 Superficial Area Method 16 2.4.5 Superficial Perimeter Method 17 2.4.6 Cube Method 17 2.4.7 Storey-Enclosure Method 18 2.4.8 Approximate Quantities 19 2.4.9 Elemental Estimating 20 2.4.10 Resource Analysis 20 2.4.11 Cost Engineering Methods 21 2.4.12 Cost Modelling Methods 23 2.5 Factors Influencing Cost Modeling 27 2.5.1 Type and Function of Building 27 2.5.2 Design Specification 28 2.5.3 Cost Elements 29 2.6 Pre-school Education 30 2.6.1 Introduction 30 2.6.2 Background of Malaysian Pre-school Education 31 2.6.3 School Selection Criteria 32 2.7 Sarawak 33 2.7.1 Introduction 33 2.7.2 Population 35 ix 2.7.3 Early Education 36 2.8 Summary 38 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Preliminary Study 40 3.3 Literature review 40 3.4 Data Collection 41 3.4.1 Elemental Cost Analysis (ECA) 41 3.4.1.1 Form 1 – Information on Project and 42 Analyzed Building 3.4.1.2 Form 2 – Summary of Element Cost 44 3.4.1.3 Form 3 – Brief Specification 46 3.5 Document Analysis 47 3.6 Data Analysis 47 3.7 Summary 48 4.0 DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Sample Details 50 4.2.1 Sample Analysis 50 4.2.2 Pre-schools Name and Location 50 4.2.3 Project Participants 52 4.3 Cost Elements of Pre-school 54 4.4 Design Specification of Pre-school 58 4.4.1 Layout 58 4.4.2 Roof 61 4.4.3 Wall Height 64 4.4.4 Finishes Specification 65 4.5 Optimum Cost for Pre-School 66 4.5.1 Overall Construction Cost 66 4.5.2 Functional Cost 69 4.5.2.1 Functional Area Cost 69 x 4.5.2.2 Functional Unit Cost 73 4.5.3 Analysis on Elemental Cost 74 4.5.3.1 Substructure 75 4.5.3.2 Superstructure 77 4.5.3.3 Finishes 79 4.5.3.4 Services 81 4.5.3.5 External Works 83 4.6 Summary of Analysis 85 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Introduction 86 5.2 Conclusion 86 5.3 Limitations 88 5.4 Recommendation for Future Study 88 xi LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO.
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