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Variation in Chemical Composition of Essential Oil Extracted from the Fruits and Leaves of Cinnamomum Tenuipile Kosterm (Sugandhakokila) of Nepal

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Variation in Chemical Composition of Essential Oil Extracted from the Fruits and Leaves of Cinnamomum Tenuipile Kosterm (Sugandhakokila) of Nepal 2019J. Pl. Res. Vol. 17, No. 1, pp 86-93, 2019 Journal of Plant Resources Vol.17, No. 1 Variation in Chemical Composition of Essential Oil Extracted From the Fruits and Leaves of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm (Sugandhakokila) of Nepal Tara Datt Bhatt*, Amit Dhungana and Jyoti Joshi Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal *Email: [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out the variation of major chemical constituents present in the essential oil of leaves and fruits of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm analyzed by GCMS instrument. Leaves and Fruits of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm were collected from Brindaban Botanical Garden of Makawanpur district of Nepal. The extraction of essential oil was performed by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and then their chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of chromatographic analysis have shown somehow similar compounds except camphor which was found in fruits whereas it was absent in leaf oil. By GCMS analysis 13 and 15 compounds were identified respectively in which eucalyptol (24.17%) and methyl cinnamate (52.18%) were found as major compound in leaf oil while eucalyptol (38.23%), camphor (19.57%) and methyl cinnamate (22.53%) were found as major compound in fruit oil. Keywords: Camphor, Clevenger , Eucalyptol, GC-MS, Methyl cinnamate Introduction The different parts of Sugandhakokila tree contains essential oil in different percentages which is used for The evergreen, Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm the formulation of perfume as well as uesd in the form (syn. Cinnamomum cecidodaphne), part of the of scent (Adhikary, 2018). The nematicidal, termiticidal, Lauraceae family, is native to Nepal and grows wild mosquito larvicidal (Satyal et al., 2013), insecticidal, in the districts of Dang, Rolpa and Sallyan in antifungal, antiaflatoxin, antioxidant (Prakash et al., the Rapti Zone (Rema et al., 2002, Adhikari , 2018). 2013) and antibacterial (Rajendra et al., 2013) This species is a diploid and can grow to an altitude activities of essential oils have been also reported. of 1300 meters (Ravindran et al., 2003). Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm is recognized as an aromatic plant, In the present study, essential oil is extracted from meaning it has an elevated level of essential oil the fruits and leaves of Cinnamomum tenuipile (Gurung, 2015). Using steam distillation, the dried Kosterm (Sugandhakokila) collected from berries of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm produce Brindaban Botanical Garden, Makawanpur Nepal the essential oil commonly known as sugandha and oil was analysed by Schimadzu GC-MS QP 2010 kokila oil (Ravindran et al., 2003), which is yellow Plus. The purpose of this study was to compare the in color and has a camphoraceous, spicy aroma chemical constituents present in the both oil samples. (HPPCL, 2015). This product can be used as a fragrance in soaps, detergents, cosmetics, perfumes Materials and Methods and industrial fragrances (Gurung, 2015). Sugandha kokila oil is also used in indigenous medicine as a Collection of plant materials demulcent and stimulant (Rema et al., 2002). The The fruits and leaves of Cinnamomum tenuipile Nepal Trade Integration Strategy 2010, identified Kosterm were collected from Brindaban Botanical Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) as one of Garden, Makawanpur district of Nepal. The fresh Nepals top twenty goods and services with export fruits and leaves were collected and dried in shed potential (Sharma, 2015). before extraction of essential oil. 86 The fruits and leaves of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm were collected from Brindaban Botanical Garden, Makawanpur district of Nepal. The fresh fruits and leaves were collected and dried in shed before extraction of essential oil. 2019J. Pl. Res. Vol. 17, No. 1, pp 86-93, 2019 Journal of Plant Resources Vol.17, No. 1 2019 Journal of Plant Resources Vol.17, No. 1 Extraction of essential oil Variation in Chemical Composition of Essential Oil Extracted From Extraction of essential oil column oven temperature was set at 40°C and the the Fruits and Leaves of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm A Clevenger apparatus was used for the extractioninjection of essential temperature oil from was 250°C.the fruits and leaves of ACinnamomum Clevenger apparatus tenuipile was Kosterm used for through the extraction hydro distillation (Waheed et al., 2011). The fruits and leaves (Sugandhakokila) of Nepal ofwere essential thoroughly oil fromwashed the and fruits placed and in leavesClevenger of apparatusThe qualitative and subjected analysis to hydro of the distillation essential foroil aboutwas Cinnamomum8 hours. The steamtenuipile and vaporizedKosterm throughoil were condensedhydro further into liquid continued by a vertical in a Shimadzu condenser GCMS-QP2010 and collected in Tara Datt Bhatt*, Amit Dhungana and Jyoti Joshi distillationmeasuring (Waheedtube. Being et al.,immiscible 2011). Theand lighterfruits and than water,Plus. Duringthe volatile the analysis, oil separated the ion out source as an temperature upper layer. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal leavesThe oil were was thenthoroughly separated washed from water and andplaced collected in andin small the interface glass bottles, temperature dried with was anhydrousset at 250°C sodium and *Email: [email protected] Clevengersulphate, sealed, apparatus labelled and and subjected stored in glassto hydro vials. 200°C respectively. The detector scanning start time distillation for about 8 hours. The steam and Abstract was 4 min and end time was 68 min; scan speed vaporizedGas chromatography- oil were condensed Mass into spectrometry liquid by a vertical (GC-MS) was 666 with scanning range of m/z 40.00-350.00. The purpose of this study was to find out the variation of major chemical constituents present in condenser and collected in measuring tube. Being Identification of compounds was done by comparing the essential oil of leaves and fruits of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm analyzed by GCMS immiscibleThe chemical and constituentslighter than inwater, the essentialthe volatile oils oilwere separated by using a Shimadzu Gas chromatograph instrument. Leaves and Fruits of Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm were collected from Brindaban the Mass spectral data present in the mass spectral separatedMass Spectrophotometer out as an upper (GCMSlayer. The QP oil 2010 was Plus) then withlibrary Rtx-5MS NIST column 2017 and (30mX0.25mmX0.25 FFNSC 1.3. µm). 1 µL Botanical Garden of Makawanpur district of Nepal. The extraction of essential oil was performed of the essential oil diluted with spectroscopic grade hexane (10:1) was injected into the GC inlet by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and then their chemical composition was separated from water and collected in small glass bottles,maintaining dried column with anhydrous flow rate ofsodium 0.68 mL/minsulphate, and purge flow 3 mL/min in the split mode. The initial identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of 0 Results and Discussion0 chromatographic analysis have shown somehow similar compounds except camphor which was sealed,column labelled oven temperature and stored inwas glass set vials.at 40 C and the injection temperature was 250 C. found in fruits whereas it was absent in leaf oil. By GCMS analysis 13 and 15 compounds were The oil extracted from fruits and leaves of identified respectively in which eucalyptol (24.17%) and methyl cinnamate (52.18%) were found GasThe chromatography- qualitative analysis Mass of spectrometry the essential (GC-MS) oil was furtherCinnamomum continued tenuipilein a Shimadzu Kosterm GCMS-QP2010 (Sugandhakokila) Plus. as major compound in leaf oil while eucalyptol (38.23%), camphor (19.57%) and methyl cinnamate During the analysis, the ion source temperature and the interface temperature was set at 250 0C and 200 (22.53%) were found as major compound in fruit oil. The0 chemical constituents in the essential oils were was analyzed by GCMS instrument and the C respectively. The detector scanning start time wascomposition 4 min and ofend various time was constituents 68 min; scanpresent speed in thewas separated666 with by scanning using a Shimadzurange of m/z Gas 40.00-350.00. chromatograph Identification of compounds was done by comparing the Keywords: Camphor, Clevenger , Eucalyptol, GC-MS, Methyl cinnamate respective oil is tabulated below in Table 1 & Table MassMass Spectrophotometer spectral data present (GCMS in the massQP 2010spectral Plus) library NIST 2017 and FFNSC 1.3. 2 respectively which is nearly similar to the analysis with Rtx-5MS column (30mX0.25mmX0.25µm). Introduction The different parts of Sugandhakokila tree contains 1 µL of the essential oil diluted with spectroscopic of essential oil of fruits of sugandhakokila (Adhikary essential oil in different percentages which is used for gradeResults hexane and (10:1)Discussion was injected into the GC inlet et al., 2011) which shows 1,8-cineole, methyl The evergreen, Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm the formulation of perfume as well as uesd in the form maintaining column flow rate of 0.68 mL/min and cinnamate, alpha-terpineol as major constituents. (syn. Cinnamomum cecidodaphne), part of the of scent (Adhikary, 2018). The nematicidal, termiticidal, purgeThe flowoil extracted 3 mL/min from in the fruits split andmode. leaves The initialof Cinnamomum tenuipile Kosterm (Sugandhakokila) was Lauraceae family, is native to Nepal and grows wild mosquito larvicidal
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