DOCSLIB.ORG

Clustering of the Economic Space of the Volga Regions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clustering of the Economic Space of the Volga Regions Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 164 Proceedings of International Scientific and Practical Conference “Russia 2020 - a new reality: economy and society” (ISPCR 2020) Clustering of the Economic Space of the Volga Regions Napolskikh D.L. Volga State University of Technology, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia, [email protected] Abstract––The article discusses the promising directions of The absence at the level of the Volga macroregion as an clustering of the economic systems of the Volga region, as well as integral strategy of regional integration within the framework the localization of cluster initiatives in the economic space. The of joint projects of cluster development (including intersectoral author's approach to the development of an integrated cluster development) is a limiting factor in the socio-economic model of the economic space of Russian regions is to consider development of Russian regions [5]. innovation clusters as fundamental segments of the innovation economy. The article is devoted to the analysis of the spatial and II. PROBLEM STATEMENT economic conditions for regulating the processes of clustering and innovative development on the example of the Volga region. It is Determining the optimal sectoral profile of cluster concluded that the current stage of the implementation of cluster initiatives and their location in the economic space makes it policy in the Volga region is characterized by both multipolar and possible to achieve the following prerequisites for sustainable unipolar models of clustering the economic space. The tendencies socio-economic development of Russian regions: of the formation of multicluster formations of intersectoral type, • harmonization of the structure of the distribution of acting as poles of regional economic growth, are determined. productive forces within the boundaries of federal Priority areas of interregional integration within the framework districts and subjects of the Russian Federation; of joint cluster projects for each of the Volga regions are considered, areas of interaction with neighboring federal districts • increasing the level of diversification of production within the framework of the national cluster policy are within the framework of the implementation of the determined. import substitution policy at the regional level; Keywords––clustering of the economy, economic development of • equalization of economic and social development of regions, Volga regions, interregional integration Russian regions. I. INTRODUCTION To date, theoretical approaches to regulating clustering The current economic environment is creating the processes in the economic space are actively developing [6]. preconditions for improving the management of clustering Accordingly, the need to take into account both all-Russian and processes within interregional economic systems [1]. Volga region problems of cluster development management Interregional cluster integration is one of the additional factors determined the purpose of this work. for the socio-economic development of Russian regions, while III. RESEARCH QUESTIONS the formation of inter-sectoral cluster formations in order to spread innovation and diversify production in priority areas of It seems expedient to compile a list of both successfully economic activity remains relevant [2]. functioning clusters and potential clusters for each region of the Volga region. No less important for the study is the A strategic approach to the implementation of state cluster visualization of the processes of clustering the economic space policy in the Volga region involves the formation of several on the map. Determination of the main directions of innovative clusters based on successful cluster initiatives – interregional integration of the Volga regions within the leaders in the investment attractiveness of the world level [3]. framework of joint projects will help to explain the At the same time, achieving global competitiveness contradictions of cluster development. presupposes the activation of the Volga regions that do not use IV. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY the potential of this form of economic development, which partially solves the problem of low domestic demand in certain The purpose of the study is to determine the main promising regions of Russia through interregional integration within the directions of clustering the economic space of the Volga framework of joint cluster projects [4]. microregion. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 332 Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 164 V. RESEARCH METHODS The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the concepts and hypotheses in the field of cluster theory, theory Innovative of spatial development [7, 8]. The solution of the set scientific environmental Tourist and tasks required the use of such general theoretical research Agricultural multicluster recreational cluster methods as abstraction and concretization, analysis and cluster synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and opposition. The methodological toolkit of such areas of scientific thought as economic geography and regional Innovative biotechno- economics was used. The solution of these problems requires logical the use of the following scientific methods: historical, cluster economic and statistical, comparative and systems analysis; systematization of the analyzed regional economic systems, Metallurgical clusters and their elements; zoning, cartography, etc. cluster Aviation VI. FINDINGS cluster Petrochemical In the course of analyzing the sectoral aspects of clustering cluster Oil the economy of the Volga region, priority directions of engineering cluster clustering were identified for each of the regions. Power engineering Republic of Bashkortostan. The Ufa agglomeration is a cluster clustering center for the economy of the Republic of Multicluster Bashkortostan. Oktyabrsky, Sterlitamak, Beloretsk are also of innovative identified as major centers of economy clustering. engineering The following clusters are identified as promising for the economic development of the region: Fig. 1. Integration of promising clusters of the Republic of Bashkortostan into multi-cluster formations (developed by the author) • Oil cluster. This cluster is located in the Oktyabrsky- Tuymazsky industrial hub. Orenburg region. The Orenburg and Orsk-Novotroitsk agglomerations are the centers of cluster processes in the • Petrochemical cluster. It is located on the territory of the regional economy. Buzuluk is also highlighted as a major Sterlitamak (South Bashkir) agglomeration- center of economy clustering. agglomeration. The following clusters have been identified as promising • Aviation cluster. The center of the cluster is the mono- for the economic development of the region: the petrochemical territory of Kumertau, the main participants are also cluster (location – the cities of Orenburg, Buzuluk), the oil and located on the territory of the Ufa agglomeration. gas cluster of the Orenburg region (location – the cities of Orsk, • Energy cluster. It is located on the territory of the Ufa Orenburg, Buzuluk), metallurgical. cluster of the Orenburg agglomeration. region (localization - the cities of Orsk, Novotroitsk, Gai), an energy cluster (localization of the city of Mednogorsk, • Metallurgical cluster (cluster center – Beloretsk mono- Orenburg), an agro-industrial cluster (distributed over the territory). region with centers in Orenburg and the Sol-Iletsk district). • Cluster of innovative biochemistry. It is located on the Thus, the transformation of the economic space of the territory of the Ufa agglomeration. region based on the clustering of production has the following features. We note the key border position of the region with the Thus, the transformation of the economic space of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the possibility of forming border Republic of Bashkortostan based on the clustering of clusters with industrial hubs Aktobe and Uralsk. Possibility of production has the following features. Let us emphasize the economic integration with other regions in the following key multipolarity of cluster processes in the republic points: with the Samara region – the industrial hub Buzluk, (agglomeration of clusters) and the possibility of forming with the Chelyabinsk region – the Orsk-Novotroitsk multi-cluster formations on the basis of the integrating role of agglomeration, with the Republic of Bashkortostan-Orenburg the Ufa agglomeration. The scheme for the integration of agglomeration. We emphasize the multipolarity of cluster promising clusters in the region developed by the author is processes in the republic (merging of clusters) and the shown in Fig. 1. possibility of the formation of multi-cluster formations. A We note the key transport position of the republic in the prospective scheme for the formation of multiclusters for the Urals and the possibility of economic integration with other Orenburg region is shown in Fig. 2. regions at the following key points: with the Samara region - The Republic of Tatarstan. The center of the clustering the Oktyabrsko-Tuymaz industrial hub (oil – Machine-building processes of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan is the cluster), with the Chelyabinsk region – the Beloretsk industrial special economic space “Volgo-Kama megapolis”, the synergy hub (metallurgical cluster), with the Orenburg
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Directory of Minorities
    World Directory of Minorities Europe MRG Directory –> Russian Federation –> Russian or Volga Germans Print Page Close Window Russian or Volga Germans Profile According to the 2002 national census, there are 597,212 Russian or Volga Germans in the Russian Federation. Volga Germans are primarily Lutheran and Mennonite in religion. Their number has fallen by almost half since 1989, as many have taken advantage of naturalization opportunities in Germany. Historical context Large-scale German settlement in Russia first occurred in the sixteenth century following Catherine the Great's decree of 1763 granting steppe land along the Volga River to Germans. In 1924 the Soviet regime created the Volga German ASSR with German as its official language. The republic was disbanded during the war and its German population (895,637) deported to Siberia and Central Asia. The Germans were not allowed to resettle in the region despite being rehabilitated in 1965. They settled instead in Siberia, the Ural mountains and the republics of Central Asia, especially Kazakhstan. From the late 1980s, a number of German organizations were established: Revival (Wiedergeburt, Vozrozhdenie); Freedom (Freiheit, Svoboda); and the Interstate Organization of Russian Germans (Zwischenstaathischer Verein der Russlanddeutschen). These organizations have campaigned for the restoration of their homeland but have faced strong opposition from the local populations of the Saratov and Volgograd oblasts. The German Government has allocated significant funds for the creation of German cultural centres and schools in Central Asia and Russia. This has not, however, deterred hundreds of thousands of Germans from emigrating to Germany. Ethnic Germans, their spouses and their descendants have been able to naturalize as German citizens through the Law of Return, in spite of often lacking even rudimentary knowledge of the German language.
    [Show full text]
  • RUSSIA: Pentecostal and Muslim Organisations Dissolved
    FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief This article was published by F18News on: 15 November 2007 RUSSIA: Pentecostal and Muslim organisations dissolved By Geraldine Fagan, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org> Among the commonest reasons for religious organisations losing legal status is unlicensed educational activity, or the late submission of a tax return, Viktor Korolev, the official in charge of religious organisations at the Federal Registration Service has told Forum 18 News Service. Liquidated organisations known to Forum 18 include both Pentecostal and Muslim organisations. An official who heads the department responsible for registration at a regional branch of the Federal Registration Service, Rumiya Bagautdinova, told Forum 18 that religious organisations must provide information about their activity every year. Check-ups take place every two years at most, she said. Two such check- ups of the now liquidated Bible Centre in Novocheboksarsk took place in April. They involved the Public Prosecutor's Office, local police and the FSB security service. "Their first question," Fyodor Matlash told Forum 18 "was whether we were publishing extremist literature! We explained that we don't publish literature of any kind; we don't have the equipment." Particularly since the Federal Registration Service was allocated wider monitoring powers, religious communities have complained of a marked increase in state scrutiny and bureaucracy. Religious organisations' loss of legal status for unlicensed educational activity or the late submission of a tax return is fully justified under Russian law, the official in charge of religious organisations at the Federal Registration Service has insisted to Forum 18 News Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia TC Closeout 06-30-12
    American International Health Alliance HIV/AIDS Twinning Center Final Performance Report for Russia HRSA Cooperative Agreement No. U97HA04128 Reporting Period: 2009 ‐ 2012 Submitted: June 30, 2012 Preface he American International Health Alliance, Inc. (AIHA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation created by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and leading representatives of the US healthcare sector in 1992 to serve as the primary vehicle for mobilizing the volunteer spirit of T American healthcare professionals to make significant contributions to the improvement of global health through institutional twinning partnerships. AIHA’s mission is to advance global health through volunteer-driven partnerships that mobilize communities to better address healthcare priorities while improving productivity and quality of care. Founded in 1992 by a consortium of American associations of healthcare providers and of health professions education, AIHA facilitates and manages twinning partnerships between institutions in the United States and their counterparts overseas. To date, AIHA has supported more than 150 partnerships linking American volunteers with communities, institutions, and colleagues in 33 countries in a concerted effort to strengthen health services and delivery, as well as health professions education and training. Operating with funding from USAID; the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human Services; the US Library of Congress; the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; and other donors, AIHA’s partnerships and programs represent one of the US health sector’s most coordinated responses to global health concerns. AIHA’s HIV/AIDS Twinning Center Program was launched in late 2004 to support the US President’s Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).
    [Show full text]
  • QUARTERLY REPORT Sberbank of Russia Open Joint-Stock
    Approved on November , 2013 by the CEO, Chairman of the Executive Board of Sberbank of RussiaOJSC (indicate the issuing credit institution's body that approved the Quarterly Report on Securities) QUARTERLY REPORT for Q3 2013 Sberbank of Russia Open Joint-Stock Company Code of the issuing credit institution:01481-В Location of the issuing credit institution: 19 Vavilova St., Moscow, Moscow, Russia, 117997 (indicate the location (address of the permanent executive body of the issuing credit institution) Information contained in this quarterly report is subject to disclosure pursuant to the laws of the Russian Federation on securities CEO, Chairman of the Executive Board of Sberbank of Russia OJSC __________ H.O. Gref signature November , 2013 Acting Chief Accountant of Sberbank of Russia OJSC of Director of the Accounting and Reporting M. Yu. Department __________ Lukyanova signature November , 2013 Seal of the issuing credit institution Contact person: Deputy Head of the Corporate Secretary Service - Head of the Corporate Work and Information Disclosure Sector - Mikhail Ushakov (indicate position and full name of contact person in the issuing credit institution) Telephone: (495) 505-88-85 Fax: (495) 505-88-84 (indicate the contact person's telephone (fax) number(s)) E-mail address: [email protected] (indicate the contact person's e-mail address (if any)) Address of the Internet page(s) where the information contained in this quarterly report is disclosed: www.sberbank.ru, http://www.e-disclosure.ru/portal/company.aspx?id =3043 8 CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • N.I.Il`Minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash
    Durham E-Theses Narodnost` and Obshchechelovechnost` in 19th century Russian missionary work: N.I.Il`minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash KOLOSOVA, ALISON,RUTH How to cite: KOLOSOVA, ALISON,RUTH (2016) Narodnost` and Obshchechelovechnost` in 19th century Russian missionary work: N.I.Il`minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11403/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 1 Narodnost` and Obshchechelovechnost` in 19th century Russian missionary work: N.I.Il`minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash PhD Thesis submitted by Alison Ruth Kolosova Material Abstract Nikolai Il`minskii, a specialist in Arabic and the Turkic languages which he taught at the Kazan Theological Academy and Kazan University from the 1840s to 1860s, became in 1872 the Director of the Kazan Teachers‟ Seminary where the first teachers were trained for native- language schools among the Turkic and Finnic peoples of the Volga-Urals and Siberia.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Article in PDF Format
    MATEC Web of Conferences 170, 01131 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001131 SPbWOSCE-2017 Renovation of industrial territories in single industry towns on the basis of industrial parks Vladimir Filatov1,*, Zhanna Dibrova1, Natalya Zhukova1 1Moscow State University of Technology and Management. K.G. Razumovsky, Zemlyanoy val st., 73, 109004, Moscow, Russia Abstract. The issues of renovation of industrial territories in single industry towns on the basis of industrial parks at the current stage are considered in this paper. The development of a new service industry - industrial parks – has started in Russia less than 10 years ago and gradually acquires a systemic character. However, the gap with the countries of America, Europe and Asia remains very significant. Dozens of new initiatives to create industrial parks of various forms of ownership have appeared in Russia in recent years. However, most areas of Russian industrial parks remain vacant against the backdrop of existing unmet demand for prepared sites and related services for the location of manufacturing plants. One of the main problems of the industry is that the quality of many industrial park projects announced in the country does not meet the requirements of investors - potential residents. 1 Introduction The issues of renovation of industrial territories are highly relevant for many Russian towns. In the conditions of the necessity to search for new drivers for the economic growth of towns, to improve the quality of the urban environment, and to increase the efficiency of the use of urban areas, an important task of finding and elaborating of innovation models for the development of industrial zones arises.
    [Show full text]
  • Workers' Alliance Against Forced Labour and Trafficking
    165˚W 150˚W 135˚W 120˚W 105˚W 90˚W 75˚W 60˚W 45˚W 30˚W 15˚W 0˚ 15˚E 30˚E 45˚E 60˚E 75˚E 90˚E 105˚E 120˚E 135˚E 150˚E 165˚E Workers' Alliance against Forced Labour and Tracking Chelyuskin Mould Bay Grise Dudas Fiord Severnaya Zemlya 75˚N Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean 75˚N Resolute Industrialised Countries and Transition Economies Queen Elizabeth Islands Greenland Sea Svalbard Dickson Human tracking is an important issue in industrialised countries (including North Arctic Bay America, Australia, Japan and Western Europe) with 270,000 victims, which means three Novosibirskiye Ostrova Pond LeptevStarorybnoye Sea Inlet quarters of the total number of forced labourers. In transition economies, more than half Novaya Zemlya Yukagir Sachs Harbour Upernavikof the Kujalleo total number of forced labourers - 200,000 persons - has been tracked. Victims are Tiksi Barrow mainly women, often tracked intoGreenland prostitution. Workers are mainly forced to work in agriculture, construction and domestic servitude. Middle East and North Africa Wainwright Hammerfest Ittoqqortoormiit Prudhoe Kaktovik Cape Parry According to the ILO estimate, there are 260,000 people in forced labour in this region, out Bay The “Red Gold, from ction to reality” campaign of the Italian Federation of Agriculture and Siktyakh Baffin Bay Tromso Pevek Cambridge Zapolyarnyy of which 88 percent for labour exploitation. Migrant workers from poor Asian countriesT alnakh Nikel' Khabarovo Dudinka Val'kumey Beaufort Sea Bay Taloyoak Food Workers (FLAI) intervenes directly in tomato production farms in the south of Italy. Severomorsk Lena Tuktoyaktuk Murmansk became victims of unscrupulous recruitment agencies and brokers that promise YeniseyhighN oril'sk Great Bear L.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment Guide to the Republic of Bashkortostan | Ufa, 2017
    MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN Investment Guide to the Republic of Bashkortostan Ufa 2017 Introduction by Rustem Khamitov, Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan 3 Greetings from Dmitriy Chaban, Managing Partner of Deloitte Ufa 4 Address by Oleg Golov, General Director of the Development Corporation of the Republic of Bashkortostan 5 General information about the Republic of Bashkortostan 6 Seven reasons for doing business in the Republic of Bashkortostan 8 Top-priority sectors for development 16 Government support initiatives for investors 20 Fostering innovation 27 Development institutions 32 Summary of statistics on the economic position of the Republic of Bashkortostan 36 Contacts 38 Investment Guide to the Republic of Bashkortostan Introduction by Rustem Khamitov, Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan Dear Friends, Welcome to the Investment Guide to the Republic Federal mechanisms of investment activity development of Bashkortostan! Bashkortostan is among the leading are used extensively. There is effective cooperation with and dynamically developing regions of Russia. Its location Vnesheconombank and the Monocity Development Fund aimed at the intersection of main traffic arteries, abundant resource at diversifying the economy of the single-industry regions potential, well-developed industry and infrastructure, as well of the republic, as well as increasing the investment inflows as highly skilled labor force, attract investors to our region. to them. One significant event of 2016 was the creation of social and economic development areas in such monocities as Belebey In terms of total investment to subjects of the Russian Federation, and Kumertau, where additional business support tools are used. Bashkortostan today remains in the top ten.
    [Show full text]
  • Test of Faith: Religious Mennonite Organizations of Orenburg Region, 1945-1991
    Test of Faith: Religious Mennonite Organizations of Orenburg Region, 1945-1991 Konstantin A. Morgunov, Orenburg State University In Orenburg oblast in pre-war times, the last religious meeting houses were closed by state authorities in the early 1930s. Some changes that took place in connection with the war regarding relations between the state and religious organizations did not affect German Mennonite congregations. Liberalization of the state church policy did not lead to legalization of Mennonite religious organizations in Orenburg region.1 In the post-war years, Mennonites began efforts to register their religious congregations. In March 1946, the Chkalov Evangelical Chris- tian Baptist (ECB) congregation was officially registered. Mennonites living in Chkalov had joined the Baptists after actively discussing a letter of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Christian Baptists (AUCECB) “On Military Matters” and passed a decision to support all of its provisions. (Baptists, although similar to Mennonites in many of their teachings, officially rejected pacifism and consequently the authorities were more tolerant towards them.) In June 1946 the first petition was submitted in which believers of the villages of Donskoye, Anenskoye, Bogomazovo, Podol’sk and Pleshanovo requested permis- 80 Journal of Mennonite Studies sion to open a meeting house in Pleshanovo, Luxemburgskiy raion. This was followed by another petition submitted by Mennonites from the vil- lages of Alisovo, Klubnikovo, Dobrovka, Stepanovka and Rodnichnoye of Perevolotskiy raion in October 1946 in which they asked to open a meeting house in the village of Klubnikovo. Aware of the authorities’ bias against them because of their pacifist beliefs, Mennonites in both petitions identified themselves as ECB.2 Both petitions to open meeting houses were denied.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preschooler in the World of Russian Culture of the Peoples Ramilya Sh
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 2016, VOL. 11, NO. 8, 1777-1789 OPEN ACCESS DOI: 10.12973/ijese.2016.562a A Preschooler in the World of Russian Culture of the Peoples Ramilya Sh. Kasimovaa and Marina V. Stepanovab aKazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, RUSSIA; bChuvash State Pedagogical University named after I. Y. Yakovlev, Cheboksary, RUSSIA ABSTRACT This article is aimed at the disclosure of the process of familiarizing senior preschool children to the culture of different nations through didactic games. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of ethno-national culture of the people, accessible to children preschool age, which includes a set of elements of ethnic (folk costume, folk tales, games, music, dance, decorative and applied arts) and national (symbolism, sights) culture, and realized didactic games. A structurally-substantial characteristics of a subject position of pre-school age child, consisting of the following components: motivational-value (interest and relevance to ethno-national culture), cognitive (understanding of the ethno-national culture of their own and other peoples), emotional (emotional manifestations in the process of interaction with elements of ethno-national culture), the regulatory-activity (activity initiative in creative activity and the ability to self-willed behavior). The leading approach to the study of this problem is the activity that allows you to consider the work as a means of formation and development of human subjectivity. The article highlights
    [Show full text]
  • Grain Crops Consumption of Plant Products
    THE ORENBURG REGION ENERGY OF OPPORTUNITIES 2 General information The Orenburg region is the «trading window» from Europe to Asia Norway Finland The shortest trading route Sweden from Moscow to China Helsinki Stockholm Saint-Petersburg through Orenburg – 4 422 km Estonia Latvian Ekaterinburg through Zabaikalsk – 6 641 km Copenhagen Moscow Novosibirsk Lithuania Kazan Minsk Berlin Belarus Irkutsk Germany Warsaw Kiev Entry to Central Asia market Czech RepublicPoland Ukraine Over the past 5 years, the export Austria Kazachstan Ulaanbaatar has grown by: Mongolia Europe › to China – 2,5 times Rome Georgia Uzbekistan 3 days Azerbaijan Tashkent Kyrgyzstan Beijing China › to India – 11% Turkey Turkmenistan Tianjin Ashgabat Kyrgyzstan Kabul Syria Iran Afghanistan 3 days Amman Iraq Tripoli Cairo Transit potential Jordan Iran New Delhi 3 days Nepal More than 600 thousand trucks Libyen Butane Egypt Uzbekistan Doha China pass through the Orenburg Er-Riad UAE India 2 days Bangladesh 4 days Saudi Arabia region of the Russian-Kazakh Myanmar Oman Mumbai Chad Sudan India Yangon border annually Khartum Yemen Eritrea 6 days Bangkok N'djamena Thailand Vietnam Nigeria Cambodia Addis Ababa Somalia CAR Southern Sudan Ethiopia Sri Lanka 3 General information The Orenburg region on the map of Russia GTM + 05:00 Orenburg 123,7 km2 2 mil. people 72 years time zone regional center total area population average life span Petrozavodsk bln. ₽ 1 006,4 2018 823,9 2017 Vologda 765,3 2016 Kirov Perm 775,1 2015 Rybinsk Nishnij Tagil YaroslavlKostroma 2,2 times 731,3 2014 Yekaterinburg Tyumen Tver Ivanovo Nizhny Izhevsk 717,1 2013 Novgorod GRP growth in 2 hours Yoshkar-Ola 2010-2018 628,6 2012 Cheboksary Kazan Moscow 20 hours Chelyabinsk Kurgan 553,3 2011 Nizhnekamsk Ufa 25 hours 458,1 2010 Kaluga Petropavl Tula Ulyanovsk Sterlitamak Kostanai Penza Tolyatti Magnitogorsk Tambov % % Lipetsk Samara 103,2 3,7 Saratov Industrial Unemployment Voronezh Kursk Orenburg production index rate Uralsk Aktobe 211,7 bln.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Indutry of Russia in 1998
    THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA By Richard M. Levine Russia extends over more than 75% of the territory of the According to the Minister of Natural Resources, Russia will former Soviet Union (FSU) and accordingly possesses a large not begin to replenish diminishing reserves until the period from percentage of the FSU’s mineral resources. Russia was a major 2003 to 2005, at the earliest. Although some positive trends mineral producer, accounting for a large percentage of the were appearing during the 1996-97 period, the financial crisis in FSU’s production of a range of mineral products, including 1998 set the geological sector back several years as the minimal aluminum, bauxite, cobalt, coal, diamonds, mica, natural gas, funding that had been available for exploration decreased nickel, oil, platinum-group metals, tin, and a host of other further. In 1998, 74% of all geologic prospecting was for oil metals, industrial minerals, and mineral fuels. Still, Russia was and gas (Interfax Mining and Metals Report, 1999n; Novikov significantly import-dependent on a number of mineral products, and Yastrzhembskiy, 1999). including alumina, bauxite, chromite, manganese, and titanium Lack of funding caused a deterioration of capital stock at and zirconium ores. The most significant regions of the country mining enterprises. At the majority of mining enterprises, there for metal mining were East Siberia (cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, was a sharp decrease in production indicators. As a result, in the columbium, platinum-group metals, tungsten, and zinc), the last 7 years more than 20 million metric tons (Mt) of capacity Kola Peninsula (cobalt, copper, nickel, columbium, rare-earth has been decommissioned at iron ore mining enterprises.
    [Show full text]