Photonav Operations Manual

PhotoNav Operations Manual

AG‐NAV INC.

30 Churchill Drive Barrie, Ontario CANADA, L4N 8Z5

North America 1‐800‐99 AGNAV International +1‐705‐734‐0909 Fax: 1‐705‐735‐0880

Revision: 1.0.3 Date: September 2011

AG-NAV Inc. 1 PhotoNav Operations Manual

NOTES

The software and hardware described in this manual is furnished under the license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the license.

All rights are reserved. No part of this publication or the components it describes may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo‐copying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written consent from AG‐NAV Inc.

AG‐NAV Inc. provides this manual “as is”, without warranty of any kind and reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to the product described in this manual at any time and without notice.

AG‐NAV Inc. equipment should not be used as a primary navigation device.

CLASS A COMPUTING DEVICE. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. The equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in a accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.

SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS. To the maximum extent permitted by law, the manufacturer, (AG‐NAV Inc) and its suppliers disclaim all warranties, either express or implied, including, but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with regard to the SOFTWARE, the accompanying written materials, and any accompanying hardware. You may have other rights which vary from state/jurisdiction to state/jurisdiction.

NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall the company or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, direct or indirect damages for personal injury, loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of this product, even if the company has been advised of the possibility of such damages. In any case, the company’s and its suppliers’ entire liability shall be limited to the amount actually paid by the owner of the product for the product. Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to the user.

AG-NAV Inc. 2 PhotoNav Operations Manual

TRADEMARKS • AG‐NAV® or AGNAV is a registered trademark of AG‐NAV Inc. • Guía or Guía™ is a registered trademark of AG‐NAV Inc. • PhotoNav is a registered trademark of AG‐NAV Inc. • All other brand names are trademarks of their respective holders

CONTACT INFORMATION

Contact the AG‐NAV Technical Support Line at:

Toll Free for Canada and the United States Telephone: 1‐800‐99 AGNAV

AG‐NAV Inc. Telephone: 1‐705‐734‐0909 Fax: 1‐705‐735‐0880

Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.agnav.com

In the event of a problem that cannot be resolved using the information supplied, please contact AG‐NAV. You can also gain assistance through the User’s Area on our web page at www.agnav.com.

For further assistance, contact the AG‐NAV Technical Support Line by telephone, fax, or email. AGNAV Customer Support personnel will discuss your situation, determine the cause of problem and provide the appropriate technical assistance.

AG-NAV Inc. 3 PhotoNav Operations Manual

1. Introduction...... 8

1.1 GPS...... 8

1.2 PhotoNav ...... 8

2. System Overview ...... 9

2.1 Keys...... 9

2.2 Software Package ...... 11

2.3 Lightbars...... 13

3. PhotoNav Main Menu...... 14

3.1 Main Screen...... 15

3.2 PhotoNav Menus...... 16

3.3 System Menu - File...... 16

3.4 System Menu - Help...... 17

4. Configure GPS ...... 18

4.1 GPS Configuration Menu & Display ...... 19

4.2 Configure GPS...... 20

4.3 GPS Settings ...... 21

4.4 GPS Configuration System Menu - Help Menu ...... 22

5. Navigate...... 23

AG-NAV Inc. 4 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.1 Application Menu – Pilot Information Settings ...... 24

5.2 Application Menu – Default Parameters ...... 27

5.3 Application Menu – Background Map ...... 29

5.4 Basic Considerations ...... 31

5.5 Application Menu - New Area...... 39

5.5.1 New Area – Left & Right (AB line) ...... 43 5.5.2 New Area – Area Mark...... 47

5.6 Application Menu – Old Area ...... 50

5.6.1 Flying Area in Grid Mode...... 52 5.6.2 Features in Grid Mode ...... 58 5.6.3 Altitude Guidance...... 62 5.6.4 Flying Area in Waypoint Mode ...... 66 5.6.5 Flying Area in Map Mode...... 67

5.7 Application Menu – XWayPoints ...... 69

5.8 Edit Menu – Edit Area ...... 72

5.8.1 Edit Area - Parameters ...... 73 5.8.2 Edit Area - Corners ...... 75 5.8.3 Edit Area - Waypoints ...... 78

5.9 Edit Menu – Edit XWaypoints...... 84

5.10 Settings Menu...... 88

5.10.1 Settings Menu - System Parameters ...... 88 5.10.2 Settings Menu - Geodetic...... 90 5.10.3 Settings Menu - Color...... 92 5.10.4 Settings Menu - Guidance...... 94 5.10.5 Settings Menu - Keys...... 100 5.10.6 Settings Menu – Display...... 110 5.10.7 Settings Menu – Save Settings...... 112 5.10.8 Settings Menu – Load Settings ...... 114

5.11 Help Menu...... 116

5.11.1 Help Menu - Restore...... 116 5.11.2 Help Menu – About ...... 117

AG-NAV Inc. 5 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6. File Manager...... 118

6.1 File Manager – Copy Files ...... 120

6.2 File Manager – Move Files...... 122

6.3 File Manager – Delete Flight Data...... 123

6.4 File Manager – Delete Areas ...... 125

6.5 File Manager – View File...... 126

6.6 File Manager – Switch Active Side ...... 128

6.7 File Manager – Change Directory ...... 129

6.8 File Manager – Rename ...... 130

6.9 File Manager – Duplicate...... 131

6.10 File Manager – Format...... 132

6.11 File Manager – BackUp...... 133

6.12 File Manager – Clean ...... 133

6.13 File Manager – Exit...... 134

7. Test ...... 135

7.1 Test Menu – Comport ...... 136

7.2 Test Menu – Light Bar...... 139

7.3 Test Menu – Check Time ...... 141

7.4 Test Menu – Trigger Switch ...... 143

7.5 Test Menu – Exit...... 145

8. Training...... 146

AG-NAV Inc. 6 PhotoNav Operations Manual 9. System Menu...... 147

9.1 System Menu – File...... 147

9.2 System Menu - Help...... 148

9.2.1 Help Menu – About ...... 149 9.2.2 Help Menu – Update...... 150 9.2.3 Help Menu – Restore Settings ...... 151 9.2.4 Help Menu – Language...... 152

10. Exit - Shutdown...... 153

11. Camera Triggering ...... 154

12. Survey Area...... 156

APPENDIX A:...... 157

FLIGHT PATTERNS...... 157

APPENDIX B:...... 161

CENTRAL MERIDIAN AND ZONE VALUES...... 161

APPENDIX C:...... 162

REFERENCE ELLIPSOIDS...... 162

APPENDIX D:...... 163

DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS...... 163

AG-NAV Inc. 7 PhotoNav Operations Manual 1. Introduction

1.1 GPS

“GPS” is an abbreviation for the “Global Positioning System,” which was developed and is operated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). It was designed to supply navigational information around the clock, anywhere in the world, with a normal accuracy to 3 meters (10 feet) most of time. This, and other GPS errors, can be improved and accuracy increased to approximately 1 meter (3 feet) by using a differential correction signal. A Differential GPS (DGPS) system monitors the GPS satellite signals, calculates corrections, and transmits corrected positions to the PhotoNav.

1.2 PhotoNav

PhotoNav is a real-time DGPS airborne navigation system designed by AG-NAV Inc. for photogrammetry and surveying applications. The PhotoNav software provides you all utilities to do everything from flight planning to data processing. Since PhotoNav operation is menu-based, many of its features should be easy to use with a little practice. The Training program in PhotoNav software is developed for this purpose.

With the PhotoNav system, you can make a new survey area by flying to the area and mark the boundary of the area. If you have a map in Shapefile format, you can use this map directly in PhotoNav or digitize the map to make survey areas. When the area is created, PhotoNav will automatically generate the flight lines to cover a whole area. For photogrammetry, target points are automatically calculated based on the defined distance between points, saved to file and displayed on the screen. If the pre-flight plan is done in office, you can copy data to a USB key and transfer it to the PhotoNav system.

Highly accurate DGPS receiver is used with the PhotoNav system with position update at up to 10 Hz. Navigation guidance is provided based on the cross distance from aircraft to the target line and the angle of intercept. The navigation information is displayed on both the main screen and pilot steering bar (light bar or pilot indicator). The main screen also shows the survey area, exclusion zones, predefined flight lines, target points, photo points and aircraft position.

At all times, flight path is recorded to disk. Recording rate is selectable up to 5.0Hz. PhotoNav can be coupled with a camera triggering system to automatically trigger the camera at a desired target point. You can also trigger the camera manually. Whenever a picture is taken, a photo point will be recorded.

For data post processing, TraxView is provided. With the TraxView software, you can replay the flight path, review photo points, overlay them on a topo map, and print the data out on paper at desired scale. The print-out can be used as a report for your work done or kept in archive for business information.

The hardware configuration of the PhotoNav system consists of a compact intelligent Moving Map Display with keypad, a choice of lightbars to suit the application and type of aircraft, and a stand alone DGPS receiver system. The PhotoNav system is used with a variety of DGPS receivers incorporating the differential corrections from L-Band satellite signals (Omnistar), Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS satellite differential signals from the U.S. government) and Coast Guard beacon network.

The PhotoNav system is designed for versatile usage, besides photogrammetry, many other applications can be done by using the same hardware and software or modified software in some cases.

AG-NAV Inc. 8 PhotoNav Operations Manual 2. System Overview

2.1 Keys

Power On/Off USB port

Brightness Up/Down

Control Keys

Figure 2-1: PhotoNav Hardware - P151 Unit

The P151 (PhotoNav hardware) unit has nine keys on the front display:

On the left side of the display, the top button is the Power On/Off switch; below it are the two buttons used to adjust the brightness of the display.

The bottom of the display has six keys that are used for system controls. From left to right, they are - (Cancel), - (Left), - (Right), - (Up), - (Down) and - (Enter). During the application, each key can perform multiple functions depend on the application mode. The function assigned to each key during a particular mode is indicated by the label on top of it called the Control Menu.

AG-NAV Inc. 9 PhotoNav Operations Manual Control Menu

Figure 2-2: Control Menu

For example, in figure 2-2, pressing the key will perform the function “Up” to move the cursor up; pressing the key will perform the function “Down” to move the cursor down. Key is used to change the Control Menu and scroll through the list of available functions. For example, pressing will bring up the second Control Menu (if available); pressing again will bring up the third Control Menu (if available) and so on.

The functions assigned to the Control Keys can be customized in the Settings → Keys menu. Refer to section 5.9.5 for more information.

Conventions

When the function assigned to a key can be customized, the function name will be enclosed in arrow brackets to indicate the key. For examples, , , .

When we ask you to press a function key, it means you should press the key with the function name shown on top. For example, if we ask you to press , you should press the key that has the label “NextPnt” shown on top. If you do not see the function you require in the Control Menu, press to change the Control Menu.

AG-NAV Inc. 10 PhotoNav Operations Manual

2.2 Software Package

The PhotoNav software package consists of several modules or programs, each addressing distinct needs in the operation process. These modules are MAIN MENU, FILE MANAGER, NAVIGATE, GPS CONFIGURATION, TEST and TRAINING.

When the PhotoNav starts, the MAIN MENU is shown. From this menu, you can choose what item to run.

Main Menu

Figure 2-3: Main Menu

The FILE MANAGER provides functions for file operations. The functions are:

a) Copy survey areas and data from local hard drive to USB memory stick and vice versa. b) Duplicate survey area files for backup or learning. c) Rename survey area files. d) Delete survey areas and data to make more space on hard disk or USB memory stick.

The NAVIGATE module is used to set up flight parameters and provide real time guidance to pilot to fly a survey area.

The GPS CONFIGURATION module is used to check GPS data communications and configure the GPS receiver connected to the PhotoNav.

The TEST module is used to test comports 1, 2, 3 & 4, lightbar, remote switches and camera trigger switch.

The TRAINING module is used to learn PhotoNav and get famililar with the NAVIGATE module.

AG-NAV Inc. 11 PhotoNav Operations Manual Menus, edit boxes, buttons, and list views are used for user interface. An example is shown in the following figure:

Menu Item

Selected Menu item

Edit Box

Selected Edit Box

Listview Item

Selected Listview Item

Listview Area

Button

Figure 2-4: User Interface

A menu, edit box, button, or list view can be selected by moving the cursor to the desired item. The cursor can be a red box (rectangle) around the item or black/blue highlight bar.

AG-NAV Inc. 12 PhotoNav Operations Manual 2.3 Lightbars

Beside the guidance displayed on the main screen of the PhotoNav, the most common method of relaying guidance information to the pilot is using a lightbar. PhotoNav offers the user various types of lightbars as a steering indicator. The lightbar can be configured to display specific navigation information to the applicator.

Figure 2-5: Pilot Indicator

AG-NAV Inc. 13 PhotoNav Operations Manual 3. PhotoNav Main Menu

Main Menu

Figure 3-1: Main Menu

When you turn on the PhotoNav, the MAIN MENU is shown. You can use the UP and DOWN keys to move the cursor up and down to select an item in the Main Menu. In the Main Menu, the cursor is a red box surrounding the selected item.

AG-NAV Inc. 14 PhotoNav Operations Manual

3.1 Main Screen

System Menu

Main Menu

Main Window

Brief Help

Key Controls

Figure 3-2: Main Display

The top part of the screen shows the System menu with two items: File and Help. Through this menu, you can open the Main Menu, view the software version, update software and change language.

The middle of the screen shows the Main Window. The Main Menu is shown in this window. The red box around the Navigate button indicates that this menu item is currently selected.

The bottom part of the Main Window displays a brief help message. As shown in the previous figure, the help message "Run Application program" indicates that by pressing or , PhotoNav will run the selected "Navigate" in the Main Menu.

The bottom of the screen shows the current key controls. The function of each key is displayed above the associated key. As shown in the figure, the key changes the active menu from Main Menu to System Menu. Keys and currently have no function assigned. The key moves the red box cursor in the Main Menu UP. The key moves the cursor DOWN.

AG-NAV Inc. 15 PhotoNav Operations Manual

3.2 PhotoNav Menus

This section outlines the steps on how to use both the Main Menu and System Menu of the PhotoNav system.

Operating the Main Menu upon starting:

1. Using the and keys will move the red box cursor up and down. Use these keys to select the appropriate module to run.

2. When the desired module is chosen, press to run it.

Operating System Menu:

1. While the Main menu display is activated, press to change from Main to System menu. The “File” item will be lit up. Note: Beside the Main menu, this System menu can be used as well to run the appropriate modules.

2. Press to access “File”, or use the and keys to select the “Help” item.

3. Once appropriate item is chosen, pressing the key will open the menu of the corresponding item.

4. Use the and keys to scroll to any of the options from the expanded menu.

5. Once the desired option is selected, press to do the chosen option.

3.3 System Menu - File

The first item of the System Menu is "File". This is itself a menu called the File Menu.

This menu is similar to the Main Menu. “OS Prompt” is Operating System Prompt, it works the same as “Exit” in the Main Menu.

The blue highlight bar indicates the selected item, for example “Navigate” is selected in Figure 3-3. Pressing the key will launch the selected module. Use the key to move the highlight bar up, to move the bar down.

Figure 3-3: File Menu

AG-NAV Inc. 16 PhotoNav Operations Manual 3.4 System Menu - Help

“Help” is the second item of the System Menu. It is also the menu that has utilities to keep the PhotoNav system running properly.

The Help Menu includes About, Update, Restore Settings and Language.

Please consult the section “System Menu – Help” in this manual for more information about Help.

Figure 3-4: Help Menu

Note: Because the purpose of this manual serves to instruct on how to operate the PhotoNav system in the most straightforward way possible, the focus of this manual will provide guidance through the modules (also called programs) of the PhotoNav through the Main Menu.

The following sections and chapters are organized in the way that a new user should follow to make the PhotoNav system to work properly. First you will learn how to set up and test the GPS receiver, then how to follow guidance to survey or take pictures on new and old areas. After you finish the mission, learn how you can download data. And finally if problems happen, how you can test your equipments.

Another way to learn to use the PhotoNav is to run the Training powerpoint file. Most common features are described and step by step procedures are written to help you learn the PhotoNav.

There are a lot of features in PhotoNav and some might not be obvious when just starting. Remember that many of these features can be ignored in the beginning, but as your needs and knowledge increases, these features are readily available.

AG-NAV is very dynamic in modifying software to suit customer’s needs. Normally the new features in the latest software are not described in the full operation manual. You can find the description of new features and changes in the Release Notes.

AG-NAV Inc. 17 PhotoNav Operations Manual 4. Configure GPS

When you use the PhotoNav for the first time, after installing the PhotoNav and GPS receiver/antenna, you should make sure the GPS receiver is configured and running properly. This is important because all guidance and calculations in PhotoNav are based on the quality of GPS data.

Figure 4. 1: Main Menu – Configure GPS

The GPS Configuration module is used to set and configure the GPS receiver connected to the PhotoNav system. It can be launched by selecting “Configure GPS” from the Main menu. Remember, this can be done by using the and keys to move the red box cursor to “Configure GPS” then pressing .

AG-NAV Inc. 18 PhotoNav Operations Manual 4.1 GPS Configuration Menu & Display

GPS Configuration Menu

After selecting “Configure GPS”, another menu (the GPS Configuration menu) is presented as shown in the following figure.

GPS GPS Configuration Detecting Menu Message

Figure 4. 2: GPS Configuration Menu

The GPS Configuration menu allows for selection of GPS Receiver, GPS Configuration and GPS Settings. The current type of GPS receiver is shown. Before you configure the receiver, make sure the selection of “GPS receiver” shown in this menu matches with the type of GPS receiver or GPS antenna you actually use. The options are:

R1 – Old Smart Antenna (white) R2 – CSI or MAX GPS receiver or antenna R3 – Novatel Smart Antenna (green), default R16 – Garmin GPS receiver FP – Novatel FlexPak P500 – AgNav GPS Receiver

If you have other type of receiver, for example Trimble AG132, you can configure it by using the soft keys on the receiver display. In this case, you can check the GPS Settings to make sure the communications setup matches with the setup in the GPS receiver.

As always, using the or keys will allow for scrolling to any of the items in the GPS Configuration menu. For changing the GPS receiver, the and keys can be utilized to carry out this task once the red box has been moved to the GPS receiver edit box.

AG-NAV Inc. 19 PhotoNav Operations Manual GPS Detecting Message

Upon launching of the GPS Configuration Menu, PhotoNav will detect if any GPS data is received. Different communication settings are used to detect data.

If the result of the GPS detecting displays a failure message, this may be due to a connection problem. In this case, check the connection: cable and antenna. The message may also be caused by the receiver outputting the wrong type of data. In this case, configuring the GPS receiver will be necessary.

A success message is displayed if the right type of GPS data is found. It will indicate the baud rate the receiver is running at.

4.2 Configure GPS

After selecting the right type of GPS receiver, to configure it, select “Configure GPS” and press . The success or failure of the operation will be indicated by a message. If failure, perhaps the settings need to be adjusted. If the message indicates success, your GPS receiver is running properly and you can skip to Chapter 5.

Inportant note: If your GPS receiver was already programmed or configured to run in a desired way, DO NOT SELECT “Configure GPS” since this may change the GPS configuration and it may not work the same as before.

Figure 4. 3: GPS Configuration successful

AG-NAV Inc. 20 PhotoNav Operations Manual 4.3 GPS Settings

The GPS settings can be changed by using the item called “GPS Settings”.

Figure 4. 4: GPS Settings

After selecting “GPS Settings”, press to open the editor.

"GPS Settings" allows you to select the com port, communication baud rate, WAAS/EGNOS on/off, and GPS rate.

Use the and keys to move the red box cursor to the parameter to be modified.

Use the and keys to change the value of the selected parameter.

Figure 4. 5: Settings for GPS Configuration

• “Comport #” defines what comport of the PhotoNav is used to communicate with the GPS receiver. In most cases, Comport # must be 2.

• “Baud rate” defines the baud rate you want the GPS receiver to run at. Default value is 9600. When the baud rate is changed, it is necessary to run “Config GPS” to send the request to the receiver. When the successful message is shown on screen, select “Exit” to exit the Configuration menu, turn off PhotoNav for 5 seconds, then turn it on again for the new rate to be effective in the GPS receiver.

AG-NAV Inc. 21 PhotoNav Operations Manual • “WAAS/EGNOS” turns on/off the use of GPS differential corrections. When WAAS or EGNOS signals are available and stable in your survey areas, you should turn this on by selecting “On” for WAAS/EGNOS. When the signals are not stable or not available, you should select “Off” for WAAS/EGNOS. Selecting “On” when the signals are unstable will create problems in GPS data and decrease the accuracy of GPS positions.

• “GPS rate” defines how many position updates the GPS receiver should send to PhotoNav every second. The value should be 5 for accurate guidance. You can select 10 if your receiver can output 10 position updates per second. In this case, the “baud rate” must be 19200 or 38400. Do not select 1 for GPS rate because this is too slow update and may cause a problem when PhotoNav calculates guidance.

To save the changes to the settings, select “OK” and press .

Pressing will cancel the changes.

After changing the settings, you must select “Configure GPS”. PhotoNav will send the appropriate commands to the GPS receiver to apply the new settings.

The last item in the GPS Configuration menu is "Exit". This is used to exit the GPS Configuration and return to the default Main menu.

4.4 GPS Configuration System Menu - Help Menu

The "About" item from the Help menu displays the module name and release information. The release is important when contacting AG-NAV for customer support and when updating the software.

Æ Æ

Figure 4. 6: Help Help – About from GPS Configuration Menu Release Information

Finding GPS Configuration Module Version:

1. Use the key to change menu on the main window to menu at the top.

2. Press the or key once to highlight ‘Help’.

3. Press twice to view the ‘About’ information.

AG-NAV Inc. 22 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5. Navigate

When GPS data is good, you can start the Navigate module.

Navigate is the core module of the PhotoNav software. It provides the utilities required to set up flight parameters. And above all, it provides accurate guidance for your application.

Figure 5. 1: Main Menu - Navigate

To access the Navigate module, use the or key to move the red box cursor to “Navigate” then press .

Note that you can learn all features in the Navigate module from the “Training” module or program. The GPS data is simulated by using the arrow keys on a USB keyboard connected to the PhotoNav. This way you don’t have to fly to see how PhotoNav works.

AG-NAV Inc. 23 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.1 Application Menu – Pilot Information Settings

Before working on a survey area, it would be good to tell PhotoNav about the Operator and Aircraft. This information is called Pilot Information. Note that this is not necessary for the PhotoNav to operate properly but it would be good to have the correct information and in some cases, it is required by your customers.

To view the Pilot Information, use the or keys to select the Application item.

Once “Application” has been highlighted, press to open the Application menu.

Figure 5. 2: Selecting Application

Use the or keys to select ‘Pilot Information’.

Press to view the Pilot Information settings.

Figure 5. 3: Application Menu - Pilot Information

AG-NAV Inc. 24 PhotoNav Operations Manual

This screen contains the current information registered in the system.

To edit any information, move the red box cursor to the desired item using the or keys.

Then press to activate the virtual keyboard for editing.

Figure 5. 4: Pilot Information Editor

The virtual keyboard contains the basic characters and functions of the keyboard for editing information, including backspace (“<” button), spacebar (blank button), period etc.

The control keys at the bottom of the display now correspond to the directional arrow keys.

Pressing while any of the buttons are highlighted by the red box cursor will enter the highlighted character.

When done, move the cursor to the “OK” button to accept new value or “Cancel” button to cancel changes.

Figure 5. 5: Pilot Information - Virtual Keyboard Press to carry out the task indicated on the button and close the virtual keyboard.

AG-NAV Inc. 25 PhotoNav Operations Manual

When done with Pilot Information Settings, move the red box cursor to the “OK” or “Cancel” button, depending on what function is desired.

Press on “OK” button to confirm changes, or on “Cancel” to cancel all changes.

Figure 5. 6: Confirming Pilot Information

AG-NAV Inc. 26 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.2 Application Menu – Default Parameters

When you fly an area, PhotoNav needs to know how to generate grid lines and target points, how to trigger the camera. These data are defined in the Default Parameters or area files *.no1.

If any parameter is not defined in area files, the default value will be used. You should check Default Parameters before making the first flight.

Edit Default Parameters:

Use the or keys to select “Application” at the top of screen.

Press to open the Application menu.

Use the or keys to select the “Default Parameters”

Press to open the editor.

Figure 5. 7: Select Default Parameters

In the editor of Default Parameters, use the keys or to move the red box cursor to the parameter to be edited.

The description and range of value of the selected parameter is shown. Description Use key or to change the value. Press to accept the value and move the red box to the next parameter.

Figure 5. 8: Edit Default Parameters

AG-NAV Inc. 27 PhotoNav Operations Manual When finishing all parameters, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button and press to save the changes and exit the editor.

Or push to cancel changes and exit the editor.

Figure 5. 9: Edit Default Parameters – Done

• Units: This defines the measurement system. There are two options available: “Met” for metric system and “US” for US measurement system. For Metric, the units will be meters, Km/h, liters, hectares, etc… For US system, the units will be feet, MPH, gallons, acres, etc…

• Swath Width: Distance between flight lines. Note that flight lines are also called grid lines or guide lines.

• Line Offset: The offset for the first flight line. If the selection is “Yes”, when flight lines are generated, the first line will be put half line spacing inside the area. If the selection is “No”, the first line will be right on the edge of area.

• Line Heading: Default line heading for flight line generation. This is used if you use shape file for survey area.

• Target Spacing: Distance between target points on a flight line.

• Target Offset: Minimum distance from survey boundary where target points are generated. For example if the Target Offset is 100m, no target points will be generated within 100m from the boundary of area.

• Trigger Radius: The distance from aircraft to selected target point where the camera can be triggered to take a picture. For example, if the Trigger Radius is 50m, the camera can be triggered when the aircraft is within 50m from the selected target point.

• Target Warning Time: Time to warn the operator that he should be ready to trigger the camera.

• Max xtrack: Full scale of the XTrack bar on light bar. XTrack is the cross distance from aircraft to the target line. If the bar reaches the maximum length and Max Xtrack = 60m, the aircraft is off the target line by at least 60m.

AG-NAV Inc. 28 PhotoNav Operations Manual

5.3 Application Menu – Background Map

PhotoNav can read a map from a file and display it on screen as map background. The map can be polygons saved in an area file *.no1, project file *.prj or shapefile *.shp.

To select a map file:

Move the highlight bar to “Background Map”.

Then press .

Figure 5. 10: Application Menu – Select Background Map

The “Load Background Map” window opens.

Use key or to highlight the file that has map background.

Use key to move the red box cursor to the OK button.

Press to select the map file and continue.

Figure 5. 11: Select Map File

AG-NAV Inc. 29 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Note that if you have no background map, you should move the red box cursor to the “No background map” radio button.

Use key to put a black dot inside the square radio button.

Use key to move the red box cursor to the OK button.

Press to select no map and continue.

Figure 5. 12: Select “No Background Map”

After checking “Default Parameters” and selecting “Background Map”, you can select an area to fly. Note that the Default Parameters are also defined in area files *.no1. If any parameters are missing or not defined in the area file to be selected to fly, the default values defined in the Default Parameters will be used.

The Background Map selection is used for all survey areas until you change it, so make sure you select the right option before the first flight.

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5.4 Basic Considerations

Before going into further detail with the Application mode of PhotoNav, it is essential to recognize and understand some terminologies.

1. Area

The Navigate module gravitates around the area concept. A survey area normally has a boundary, flight lines and waypoints. The flight lines are also called grid lines. All information or settings of an area is saved in an area file *.no1.

2. Guidance

During the flight, PhotoNav offers guidance for flying straight lines on the survey area. The operator selects a grid line to fly. This grid line is called the locked line or target line. In the Grid mode, guidance is calculated based on the locked line. The guidance is shown by cross-track errors (XTrack) and angle of intercept.

XTrack represents the error or cross distance from the aircraft to the locked line. When XTrack is zero, the aircraft is on the locked line.

Angle of Intercept: This is the difference between the ground track of aircraft and the heading of locked line. This is the Normal Angle of Intercept (NAI). When NAI is zero, the aircraft is flying parallel to the locked line.

When using the Optimal Angle of Intercept (OAI), PhotoNav will calculate the most desirable angle to bring the aircraft back to the locked line without overshooting. When OAI is zero, the aircraft is flying parallel to and also on the locked line.

AG-NAV Inc. 31 PhotoNav Operations Manual 3. Main Display

When you fly an area, PhotoNav offers 3 modes: Grid mode for navigation; Map mode for review of map, grid lines, target points and photo points; and Waypoint mode for guidance to fly to a destination waypoint. This section helps you get familiar with the display in the Grid mode.

The typical Main Display in Grid mode is shown below.

Guidance or Lightbar Display Photo Count Number

Target Point Map Display Photo Point Selected Numerical Information

Control

Figure 5. 13: Typical Display in Grid Mode

The Guidance or Lightbar Display shows the left/right bars for Cross Track (XTrack) error on top and Angle of Intercept (AOI) at bottom. Note that you can select to show XTrack on both bars, the angle of intercept can be NAI or OAI. The PhotoNav default guidance logic is that when the XTrack bar extends to the left, you steer the aircraft to turn left. When the XTrack bar extends to the right, you steer the aircraft to turn right. The AOI bar shows the direction you should steer the aircraft to make it fly parallel to the locked line. The goal is to make both bars shrink to the center. Note that the guidance logic for each bar can be changed. It is possible to choose to follow the opposite direction of the bar. This can be adjusted in Settings Æ Guidance. The guidance display also shows numerical information at the left and right sides. This information is selectable in Settings Æ Guidance.

The Map Display shows the survey area, grid lines, locked line, target points, photo points and other numerical information.

The Control Menu shows the Controls or functions of the keys underneath ( , , , ). These keys can have several functions, depending on the context. You can make the Control Menus in the way that is the most convenient for you.

AG-NAV Inc. 32 PhotoNav Operations Manual 4. Guidance Information

The Guidance Display is shown at the top of screen. This is also called the built-in lightbar.

Info 1 Info 2 Trigger Figure 5. 14: Guidance Display XTrack Bar Trigger On/Off On/Off

The center of Guidance Display is a bar graph. The top bar normally shows how far the aircraft is from the locked line. This is called the cross track or XTrack bar. With AGNAV default logic, if the bar extends to the right, you should steer the aircraft to the right. If the bar extends to the left, you should steer the aircraft to the left. The figure shows the full length of bar.

The bottom bar can show XTrack or Angle of Intercept. When using the Normal Angle of Intercept, it indicates the difference between the ground track of aircraft and the heading of locked line. When NAI bar is at center, the aircraft is flying parallel to the locked line.

On each side of the bars are the trigger indicators, represented as four circles. Red solid filled circles indicate Trigger On. Empty circles (without fill) indicate Trigger Off. PhotoNav provides you with a trigger switch. You should install this switch so that when you trigger the camera, the triggering system will close the contacts of PhotoNav trigger switch for a short time (<250 msec). This indicates Trigger On. When the switch contacts are open again, it indicates Trigger Off.

Further away, there are two fields of information: Left information or “Info1” and right information or “Info2”. The types of information for these two fields are programmable in Settings Æ Guidance. If a bright lightbar (or BriBar) is used, the same information as presented on screen will be shown on the lightbar. By default, “Info1” represents the locked line number, and “Info2” represents XTrack error.

Note: When Info1 or Info2 is set to display Xtrack, it will display a value up to 999 units (feet or meters), after that, even if the Xtrack is greater, only 999 is shown.

AG-NAV Inc. 33 PhotoNav Operations Manual

5. Map Display

The middle of the screen is a map display which shows the survey boundary, grid ines, locked line, aircraft and other information. A typical display is shown below.

Photo Compass Count

NextLL Shifting Direction

First Last Line # Line # Survey Boundary Aircraft

Locked Target Scale Line Points on Text Grid Lines Info

Area

Figure 5. 15: Typical Map Display Name

The locked line is extended from top to bottom of display.

In the top left corner of the screen is the compass, represented by a circle with a needle pointing towards the true North.

On the left side of the screen, the scale of the map representation is shown and indicates how many distance units are from the bottom of the map display to the middle.

The “Line #” indicates the first and last line numbers. This helps the applicator to know what key or to use to shift the locked line. decrements line number. increments line number.

Note: Normally the map is automatically rotated to align with the line direction. Depending on Settings Æ Display options, the map can be rotated to always show the aircraft moving upwards.

AG-NAV Inc. 34 PhotoNav Operations Manual

6. Control Menu

The display of Control Menu gives information about what functions or controls can be used at a given moment. The default controls available in Grid mode are shown in the following figure.

Figure 5. 16: Control Menus for Grid Mode

Each row is a set of functions or a Control Menu which shows the control functions assigned to the keys , , and when in Grid mode. Key is always used to exit the area. During flight or application, key is used to toggle the Control Menu. By default, the first Control Menu is shown first. When pressing , the second Control Menu will show up and apply to the keys as the current controls. Pressing again will bring up the third Control Menu and so on.

You can assign the functions or controls for the keys in a way that is the most convenient for you to do the job. The first Control Menu should have the functions you would use the most. Please refer to the “Settings Æ Keys” section for more instructions.

AG-NAV Inc. 35 PhotoNav Operations Manual The control functions for Grid mode are described below:

, These functions shift the current locked line by changing the locked line number. decreases and increases the locked line number.

, The map is zoomed in for smaller screen scale or zoomed out for bigger scale. The display is re-centered on the position of aircraft.

Use this function to reset the Photo Count to 0.

This function shifts the locked line to the line closest to the position of aircraft. This allows the pilot to fly to the desired location to start the survey, then press to lock to the line closest to aircraft for guidance to take pictures.

This function is used to change the guideline direction. The new direction is defined by the new AB line. To make the AB line, press to enter point A, fly in the desired direction, and press again to enter point B.

After the AB line is created, the new grid lines are calculated and saved. PhotoNav will generate new target points on the new lines.

This function is used to enter the Map mode to view the survey area, grid lines, target points and photo points. The display is centered on the map. There is no guidance provided in the Map mode.

This function is used to enter the Waypoint mode for guidance to fly from aircraft to a destination specified by the destination waypoint.

This function is used to enter a new area waypoint. The new waypoints are saved in the area file *.no1 that you selected to fly. Area waypoints are shown for destination selection when you go to the Waypoint mode.

This function is used to show information about the area and status of application at the bottom right of the map area. An example is shown in the figure. When information display is on, pressing again will turn the information display off.

The information includes the date and GPS time, the coordinates of the vehicle in Latitude, Longitude, UTM X, UTM Y, and GPS Altitude. Ground speed, ground heading, and size (acreage/hectares) of the area, number of locked lines and number of target points on the survey area.

Figure 5. 17: Information Summary

AG-NAV Inc. 36 PhotoNav Operations Manual This function is used to enter an “Obstacle” Point. This point can be the location of a tower or power line that you want to avoid flying to. PhotoNav will give you warning on screen and on lightbar when you approach one of these obstacle points. This function can be used to mark a special location, for example pick up and drop off crew, search and rescue, etc…

If you select a Background Map, use this function to turn on/off the background map display.

This function is used to enter a cross-country waypoint. Cross-country waypoint (XWaypoint) can be the location of airport or new project. For guidance to fly XWaypoint, select XWaypoints from the Application menu.

If you use altitude guidance and select a drape file *.grd for altitude profile, you can display altitude values in the *.grd file on screen by pressing the key . Altitude values are represented by the colors defined for altitude ranges. For example by default Blue is for altitude from 300 to 400 (ft or m).

If you use altitude guidance and select a drape file *.grd for altitude profile, you can show Altitude Profile on the locked line by pressing the key . The profile is shown in a small window at the bottom right corner of screen.

If you use altitude guidance and select a drape file *.grd for altitude profile, the profile can be displayed in a big window at the bottom of screen when you press the key .

Normally PhotoNav shows only the information you selected in Settings Æ Display. If you want to show more information, press the key . A whole column of information will be shown.

Figure 5. 18: Altitude Profile Display and NavInfo

If you select to fly multiple areas, i.e. more than one no1 files, the selected areas are put in a list with filenames as area names. This function is used to switch to the previous area in the list. Note that this function will not work when you select to fly multiple polygons in a project or shape file.

AG-NAV Inc. 37 PhotoNav Operations Manual If you select to fly multiple areas, i.e. more than one no1 files, the selected areas are put in a list with filenames as area names. This function is used to switch to the next area in the list. Note that this function will not work when you select to fly multiple polygons in a project or shape file.

This function is used to generate another new area on-the-fly. With the new area, you will have multiple areas on screen. Only one area is active for guidance. You use the function or to toggle through the flown areas.

/ These functions control the brightness of the external lightbar. increases the lightbar intensity and decreases the lightbar intensity. These functions do not work on a pilot indicator.

/// Pan the map left / right / up / down.

This function is always assigned to key . When is selected by pressing , the area is closed. A confirmation message is displayed to avoid accidentally exiting an area. The confirmation dialogue has two buttons: “OK” and “Cancel”. Press to select “OK” or to select “Cancel”.

Now you know the functions offered in PhotoNav, you can learn to make a new survey area or fly a predefined area. We will start with a new area.

AG-NAV Inc. 38 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.5 Application Menu - New Area

PhotoNav offers you many ways to make a new area, from simply entering the AB line to marking a complicated area. To do this, first select “Navigate” from the Main menu, then select “Application”.

Once ‘Application’ has been highlighted, press to open the Application menu.

Figure 5. 19: Selecting Application

Use the or key to select ‘New Area’.

Press to continue.

Figure 5. 20: Application Menu – New Area

AG-NAV Inc. 39 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Figure 5. 21: New Area – Application Parameters

The Application Parameters are shown. Check all values and edit the parameters if needed.

• Units: The measurement system that will be used with the units. There are two options available: “Met” for metric system and “US” for US measurement system.

• Lines: The number of guidelines that will be drawn when creating new areas using the AB line method. Together with the Line Spacing parameter, it defines the width of the area. The AB line defines the length of the area.

• Line Spacing: The distance between guidelines in feet or meters.

• Target Spacing: The distance between target points on a grid line.

• Trigger Radius: The distance from aircraft to selected target point where the operator can trigger the camera. For example, if the Trigger Radius is 50m, the camera can be triggered when the aircraft is within 50m from the selected target point.

• Target Warning: Time to warn the operator that he should be ready to trigger the camera.

• Target Offset: Minimum distance from survey boundary where target points are generated. For example if the Target Offset is 100m, no target points will be generated within 100m from the boundary.

AG-NAV Inc. 40 PhotoNav Operations Manual • Max XTrack: The full scale of the XTrack bar on the lightbar. XTrack implies the cross track error which is the cross distance from the aircraft to the locked line. For example, if the bar reaches the maximum length and Max Xtrack = 50m, the aircraft is off the target line by at least 50m. The smaller value of Max Xtrack will make the bar more sensitive with the XTrack error.

• Line Offset: The offset of the first flight line. If the selection is “Yes”, when a new area is generated, the first flight line will be put half line spacing inside the area. If the selection is “No”, the first line will be right on the edge of area.

• File Type: By default PhotoNav stores all information related to the new area in an no1 file. You can select to save the data to shape file *.shp.

• “Make Area by” and “Option” indicates the method and flight pattern used to generate a new area. These two parameters will be explained in greater detail in the following sections.

• Prefix: The prefix of area filename.

• Area name: The area filename. By default, the new area filename begins with the prefix followed by the year, month, day and number of new areas generated on that day. Note that you can change the area filename.

To edit New Area parameters:

Use the and keys to select the parameter to be edited. The red box cursor should be around the value of the parameter.

Use and to change the value of the selected parameter.

Figure 5. 22: Edit New Area Parameters

AG-NAV Inc. 41 PhotoNav Operations Manual When all parameters have the right values or selections, press to scroll to “OK”. The red box cursor should be around the “OK” button.

Press to save the changes, or press to cancel all changes.

Figure 5. 23: Edit New Area Parameter - Done

Note:

All area generation methods described in the following sections have more than one Control Menu assigned to the keys , , and . To change the Control Menu, press and the next Control Menu will be shown. To know what functions are available during new area generation, press repeatedly to scroll through the list of Control Menus available. You can program the Control Menus in Settings Æ Keys, so that they are the most convenient for you.

When you finish generating a new area, PhotoNav will automatically change to Grid mode for you to start the application.

AG-NAV Inc. 42 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.5.1 New Area – Left & Right (AB line)

The first and simplest method to use for new area generation is to flight the AB line. PhotoNav will generate a rectangular area on the left or right side of the AB line.

Figure 5. 24: AB line

The “Lines” and “Line Spacing” parameters define the width (B to C) of the area.

Options to make new area

Figure 5. 25: Selections for New Area – AB Line

To begin generating a new area using AB Line, in the Application Parameters select “Make area by” “AB Line”. For “Option”, select “Left” or “Right” depending on which side of the AB line the new area should be generated. Finally select “OK” to continue.

AG-NAV Inc. 43 PhotoNav Operations Manual PhotoNav enters the New Area Generation mode. The Control Menu shown at the bottom of the screen changes accordingly, indicating the functions of the keys beneath it. In other words, each key in the Control Menu is assigned to the function indicated above it. When pressing a key, PhotoNav will carry out the assigned function.

Control Menu

Figure 5. 26: New Area Generation – Waiting for Point A

PhotoNav is waiting for you to enter point A. Notice the “Pnt A” text on the top left corner of the screen.

Go to the survey area and when reaching the beginning of the area (point A), press the key if the area is on your left side or if the area is on your right side to enter point A. Alternatively, you can press to enter point A. PhotoNav will use the value that you set in the “Option” parameter (Left/Right) to decide the side of the area.

AG-NAV Inc. 44 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Point A

Figure 5. 27: New area – Point A entered

Once point A is entered, it is represented by a circle, and saved in memory. Later if you discovered that a mistake has been made with the side, press or to change the side selection. Point A remains the same. Note that you must choose the side of the area (left/right) before you enter point B. Once point B is entered, the area will be finalized and no change can be made.

In the guidance display, the distance from the aircraft to point A is displayed. As shown in the figure above, the distance is 982m.

PhotoNav is now waiting for you to enter point B. Notice the “Pnt B” text on the top left corner of the screen.

Now fly to the end of the field (point B). Make sure the function is in the Control Menu (press to change the Control Menu if necessary). When you reach point B, press .

A new rectangle area will be generated with length equals to the length of the AB line. The width of the area is dependent on the parameters “Lines” and “Line Spacing” that you set earlier in the Application parameters.

AG-NAV Inc. 45 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Figure 5. 28: New area – point B entered

PhotoNav will then lock to the first flight line. You can now follow the guidance to take pictures on line 1.

AG-NAV Inc. 46 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.5.2 New Area – Area Mark

This area generation method allows the applicator to enter points to define an area. Basically the applicator can fly around the survey area and mark points along the boundary of area. To make a new area by marking boundary, select “Mark” for “Make area by” and the “Option” is default to “Man”.

Figure 5. 29: New Area Generation - Mark

When all the parameters have been correctly entered, press to select “OK” to continue. Now the program enters the New Area Generation mode.

AG-NAV Inc. 47 PhotoNav Operations Manual Marking Survey area:

To mark a survey area, fly around the boundary of the area and press to enter a corner of the area. After entering all corners, press to finish area generation. Note that you don’t have to close the area by making the first and last points the same.

An example is demonstrated below.

Fly to the survey area.

When approaching the area, press to mark a corner.

The corner of the area is plotted as a circle on the screen.

Figure 5. 30: Area Generation - Mark Boundary

Fly around the boundary and use to mark all corners of the area. The last point does not need to be the same as the first.

The number shown at the top right corner of screen is the distance from the aircraft to the last point entered.

Figure 5. 31: Mark Area – All Points Entered

AG-NAV Inc. 48 PhotoNav Operations Manual Assuming that the area has 5 corners and all of them have been entered.

To finish the area generation, press . A new area with flight lines will be generated.

Figure 5. 32: Mark Area – Finish

After the area has been generated, you can begin the mission starting from line 1.

Figure 5. 33: Mark Area - Finish

AG-NAV Inc. 49 PhotoNav Operations Manual

5.6 Application Menu – Old Area

In PhotoNav, Old Area means area files saved on the hard disk of the PhotoNav.

To fly an existing area, select “Navigate” from the Main Menu and “Old Area” from the Application menu.

Figure 5. 34: Application Menu – Old Area

A list of old areas represented by area files (*.no1, *.shp) is shown for you to choose.

Use the or key to move the red box cursor to the list.

Next, use the or key to move the highlight bar to the desired file.

After selecting the desired area, press to move the red box cursor down to select the option for “Replay Data”.

Figure 5. 35: List of Areas

AG-NAV Inc. 50 PhotoNav Operations Manual Use the or key to scroll through the list and select one from the following options:

“New” – Start a new mission on the selected area. PhotoNav will start with line 1 for navigation.

“Old” – Continue the previous mission. Photo points from the previous flight will be shown.

“All” – Same as “Old”. Photo points from all flights on this area will be plotted.

Figure 5. 36: Old Area – Replay Data Selection

Use the key to accept the “Replay Data” option and press again to select “OK”.

Once the area is opened, PhotoNav enters the Grid mode.

AG-NAV Inc. 51 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.6.1 Flying Area in Grid Mode

Guidance to fly the target line and take pictures is shown in Grid mode. Below is a typical display in Grid mode.

Figure 5. 37: Fly Old Area

• The survey area is shown on screen.

• If you do not have the grid line file *.xyz, grid lines will be generated based on line spacing and line heading defined in the area file.

• If you do not have the target point file *.tgt, target points will be generated on grid lines based on target spacing and target offset. Target offset is the minimum distance from boundary to any target.

• No target points will be generated inside or on the boundary of exclusion zones.

AG-NAV Inc. 52 PhotoNav Operations Manual

There is information displayed at the bottom right of screen. As shown in the figure:

• “TW”: Target Warning to show if the aircraft is approaching the target point, flying away, or time to reach the target point.

• “LLN”: Locked Line Number.

• “SAT”: Number of Satellites locked for GPS position.

• “TRAX1”: Area file name.

Figure 5. 38: Old Area - Information

You can select other information to show at this corner. Options are in Settings Æ Display.

All guidance and navigation information are calculated based on the guide line or locked line.

• The locked line is plotted Guidance Bars red, extending from top to bottom of screen.

• There are 2 bars at the top of the screen. The first (upper) bar normally indicates the Cross Track (XTrack) error.

Locked • The second (lower) bar can Line show XTrack error or Angle of Intercept (AOI).

Figure 5. 39: Old Area - Guidance

The XTrack bar shows the error or cross distance from aircraft to the locked line. If the bar moves to the left (red), steer the aircraft left. If the bar moves to the right (blue), steer the aircraft right.

AG-NAV Inc. 53 PhotoNav Operations Manual The lower bar may indicates the Angle Of Intercept. The AOI shows the angle difference between the line heading and aircraft ground track. If the aircraft moves parallel to the locked line, AOI is zero.

Use the XTrack bar to bring the aircraft to the locked line first and then use the AOI bar to keep the aircraft on the line.

Note that you can select to show XTrack on both upper and lower bars for simple navigation. The selection for guidance bars is done in Settings Æ Guidance.

For the guidance logic, you can select to follow the bar direction, which is if the bar moves to the left (red), steer the aircraft left. If the bar moves to the right (blue), steer the aircraft right.

Or following the reversed direction. This option is in Settings Æ Guidance.

There are two numeric fields of information shown at the top left (Info1) and top right (Info 2) corners of screen. These are by default the photo count number and XTrack error.

You can select to show other Info1 Info2 information, for example Line Number or Time To Go to target point.

During flight, photo points are counted and the total photo Counter count is displayed as “Cnt: ” at the top right corner of display.

Figure 5. 40: Old Area – Guidance Information

AG-NAV Inc. 54 PhotoNav Operations Manual

The first and last line numbers are shown on the sides.

The controls are displayed at Target Point the bottom of screen. These are the functions for the keys labelled underneath. The

Last display of Controls is called First Line # Control Menu. Line # The target point closest to aircraft is marked with a circle.

The radius of circle is defined by the Trigger Radius in the area file.

Figure 5. 41: Old Area - Target Point

Note the Target Warning “TW” displayed at the bottom of screen: When you approach a target point, the “TW” will show “APR” for approaching. When you fly away from the locked line, “TW” will show “AWY”.

When the aircraft is within the Target Warning time defined in the Default Parameters, “TW” will show the time to reach the target. The time is in seconds.

This is for you to get ready to take a picture.

Figure 5. 42: Old Area – Countdown Time Warning

Trigger the camera when the aircraft is inside the triggering circle, or when “TW” shows “1.0” or less.

PhotoNav has a micro relay and 5V pulse output that can be used to trigger the camera to take pictures automatically.

In real flight, the trigger switch is used to mark a photo point. When the switch contacts are closed then open within 250 msecs, a photo point is counted and recorded.

AG-NAV Inc. 55 PhotoNav Operations Manual

For training, you can use the “s” key to trigger camera. Just press the “s” key twice quickly. This simulates the trigger switch on/off.

Every time you trigger camera, the counter will increment the Photo count. Point The photo point is marked with a triangle symbol where the camera was triggered.

Figure 5. 43: Old Area – Photo Point

Note that only the target points on the locked line are managed for warning and triggering.

If automatic triggering mechanism is used, when the aircraft is closest to the target point, PhotoNav will trigger the camera to take a picture.

For manually triggering, a trigger switch is used to mark a photo point. The switch contacts must be closed and open within 250 msecs. If the switch is held closed continuously, 4 photos will be counted every second as seen in the figure.

Figure 5. 44: Old Area – Triggering Camera

AG-NAV Inc. 56 PhotoNav Operations Manual

When you finish flying a line, shift the locked line to the next line.

Pressing will shift the locked line to the next line by incrementing the line number.

Pressing will shift the locked line to the previous line by decrementing the line number.

Figure 5. 45: Old Area – Shifting Locked Line

To help you carry out your tasks, PhotoNav provides you with many functions that you can use in the Grid mode.

If a desired function is not displayed at the bottom of the screen, press the key to change the control menu. If the function you want is not available, you can add it to the control menu by using Settings Æ Keys.

Depending on your Settings for Display, if the selections for “Rotate Map” and “Aircraft Up” are “Yes”, when the aircraft turns by 100°, the map will be rotated by 180°.

AG-NAV Inc. 57 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.6.2 Features in Grid Mode

1. Old Area – Shifting Locked Line

After you finish flying one line, you need to shift the locked line to the next one. To do this, press key to increment the locked line number. The locked line will be shifted to the next grid line. Note that to shift the locked line to the previous grid line, press . This key will decrement the locked line number and shift the locked line to the previous line.

2. Old Area – Lock to Closest Line

When pressing , PhotoNav will lock to the line that has not been flown and closest to the aircraft.

3. Old Area – Change Line Direction

Grid lines are normally prepared in office before flight. During the mission, for any reason if you have to change the line direction, use the function. To do this, press until appears in the control menu. Press to start the procedure. PhotoNav prompts you to confirm if new grid lines should be generated. Press to select “OK” to change line direction, or press to select “Cancel” if you don’t want to change the lines.

Once you decide to generate new grid lines, PhotoNav will delete the current grid lines and wait for you to make the AB line. Turn your aircraft into the desired direction. Then push to enter point A, keep flying in the same direction for a few seconds, then push again to enter point B. The direction from A to B will be used to generate new grid lines.

AG-NAV Inc. 58 PhotoNav Operations Manual 4. Old Area – Display Information

To display information about the area and aircraft coordinates, press until appears in the control menu. Press to turn the information display on.

Figure 5. 46: Info Display

Pressing again will turn the information display off.

6. Old Area – Nav Information

Normally PhotoNav shows only the information you selected in Settings Æ Display. If you want to show more information, press the key . A whole column of information will be shown.

Figure 5. 47: Nav Information Display

AG-NAV Inc. 59 PhotoNav Operations Manual 7. Old Area – Reset Count

The photo count is displayed as “Cnt: nnn” at the top right corner of screen. This shows how many pictures have been taken. The count continues until you exit the area. If you want to reset the photo count, you can use the function. When you press this key, the counter will be 0.

8. Old Area – Obstacle Warning

During flight, if there are any obstacles (tall dead trees, towers, power lines, etc…) that you want to avoid, you can mark them by using function. PhotoNav will save the marked points and display them on screen. When you are approaching an obstacle, PhotoNav will give you a warning on lightbar and on screen. The time for warning is defined by the value set to “Obstacle Alert” parameter in Settings Æ Guidance. To mark a new obstacle point, press until < OBSTPNT > appears in the control menu, fly to the obstacle and when you are over it, press < OBSTPNT >. The new obstacle is displayed as a small triangle on screen.

Obstacle Point

Figure 5. 48: Obstacle Points

9. Old Area – Background Map Display

If you select a background map at the beginning of flight, the map will be displayed during flight. If the background map makes the display too crowded or you want to focus on the survey area only, you can turn off the background map display by using the function.

At the end of flight, if you want to check the photos on the background map, press again to show the map again.

10. Old Area – Previous Area

AG-NAV Inc. 60 PhotoNav Operations Manual 11. Old Area – Next Area

If you select to fly multiple areas, i.e. more than one no1 files, the selected areas are put in a list with filenames as area names. This function is used to switch to the next area in the list. Note that this function will not work when you select to fly multiple polygons in a project or shape file.

12. Old Area – Enter Waypoints

Waypoints are the points you want to get guidance to go to. A waypoint can be the location of a new survey area or airport. There are two types of waypoints: Area waypoints and cross country waypoints (XWaypoints). The area waypoints are normally temporary waypoints you use when working on an area. The XWaypoints are permanent waypoints that you want to use from time to time. The XWaypoints may be home base, commercial airports, or locations that you frequently fly to. PhotoNav has 2 special waypoints: HOME and COR1. The HOME waypoint is entered when aircraft is on the ground (speed ~ 0). It is remembered for use on all areas until you exit the Application program. COR1 is the corner 1 of the survey area. This is used to guide the pilot to fly from the present position to the survey area in the Waypoint mode.

Figure 5. 49: Enter New Waypoint

To enter an area waypoint, press until you see the function in the control menu. Then fly to the desired location and press . The area waypoints are saved in the area file *.no1 that you selected to fly. Area waypoints are shown for destination selection when you go to the Waypoint mode.

To enter an XWaypoint, press until you see the function in the control menu. Then fly to the desired location and press . The XWaypoints are saved in the agnav.wpt file. For guidance to fly to any XWaypoint, select XWaypoints from the Application menu. Note that when you select to fly XWaypoints, you do not have to select an area.

AG-NAV Inc. 61 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.6.3 Altitude Guidance

Besides the left/right guidance based on cross-track error and angle of intercept, PhotoNav can provide you with altitude guidance. You can define the desired or planned altitude and PhotoNav will display a vertical bar to guide you to fly at this altitude. If the vertical bar is up, you should fly higher. If the vertical bar is down, you should fly lower.

Vertical Bar

Figure 5. 50: Display in Grid Mode with Altitude Guidance

The altitude used for vertical guidance can be GPS altitude or above ground level (AGL) if you have a laser altimeter.

The desired or planned altitude is defined in an area file *.no1. You can use the built-in editor of Navigate to edit the planned altitude.

Figure 5. 51: Editor – Select Area File

AG-NAV Inc. 62 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Figure 5. 52: Editor – Enter Planned Altitude

When done, select “OK” to exit. The Planned Altitude will be saved to the area file *.no1 for guidance.

AG-NAV Inc. 63 PhotoNav Operations Manual Altitude Profile:

If using GPS altitude, you should make a drape file to store the altitude profile of the survey area. A drape file is also called a gridded file *.grd. You can store the desired altitudes in a drape file or just the mean sea level of the terrain. If the drape file already has the desired altitude, the planned altitude should be 0. If altitude of terrain or canopy is stored in drape file, you shoud enter the planned altitude, i.e. how high you want to fly above the terrain or canopy.

If you have a laser altimeter, for example AgLaser, you can connect it to the PhotoNav and select it in Settings Æ Data Input. PhotoNav can read the data for altitude above ground and use it for altitude guidance. The planned altitude is the level that PhotoNav will guide you to fly at.

To select a gridded file, select “Open Alt Grid” from the Application Menu.

A list of gridded file *.grd will be shown for your selection.

Figure 5. 53: Select Altitude Profile

Select the desired *.grd file. The selected file must be highlighted.

Also select “Choose Grid File” then select .

Note that if you want to fly a constant altitude, select “Constant Altitude” then select .

If you want no altitude guidance, select “No Altitude Guidance” then select . The vertical bar won’t be shown.

AG-NAV Inc. 64 PhotoNav Operations Manual The functions used for altitude guidance are:

If you use altitude guidance and select a drape file *.grd for altitude profile, the profile can be displayed in a big window at the bottom of screen when you press the key .

i Figure 5. 54: Altitude Guidance with Profile Display F

AG-NAV Inc. 65 PhotoNav Operations Manual

5.6.4 Flying Area in Waypoint Mode

The Waypoint mode gives you the guidance to fly from aircraft to a destination specified by the destination waypoint. To go to the Waypoint mode, press until you see the function in the control menu then press .

Figure 5. 55: Display in Waypoint Mode

The features in the Waypoint mode are described in the section “Application – Xwaypoints”.

AG-NAV Inc. 66 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.6.5 Flying Area in Map Mode

The Map mode is used to view the survey areas, grid lines, locked line, target points and photo points. There is no guidance provided in the Map mode. To go to the Map mode, press until you see the function in the control menu then press .

The Map mode centers the display on the area whereas other modes center on the position of aircraft. You can select a line to fly while on the ground.

Figure 5-56: Display in Map Mode

10. Old Area – Map Mode – Best Heading

When you select best heading, , in the Map mode, PhotoNav will calculate the line heading that produces the least number of lines to cover a whole area and generate the lines based on this heading.

11. Old Area – Map Mode – Next Heading

If you want grid lines to be parallel to a side of survey area, use . PhotoNav will start with the first heading from corner1 to corner2. Pressing again, the heading will change from corner2 to corner3. Grid lines will be generated based on the calculated heading. Keep pressing until you see grid lines parallel to the desired side.

12. Old Area – Map Mode – Change Heading

If you know what degrees the line heading should be, you enter the line heading manually by pressing . A dialogue will be shown for you to enter the heading value.

AG-NAV Inc. 67 PhotoNav Operations Manual 13. Old Area – Map Mode – Locked Line

You can change the locked line in Map mode by using , or . Use these three keys to move the locked line to the line you want to work on. To select this line for guidance and go to the Grid mode, press .

14. Old Area – Map Mode – Shift Map

To shift the map to view a particular part of area, you can use the keys , , , . The keys will move the map left, right, up or down respectively.

14. Old Area – Change Mode

While in Waypoints mode or Map mode, if you want to enter the Grid mode again, press .

AG-NAV Inc. 68 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.7 Application Menu – XWayPoints

Waypoint mode is used for guidance to fly from the aircraft to a destination waypoint, or from one waypoint to another. There are two Waypoints modes: Area Waypoints and Cross Country Waypoints (XWaypoints). The Area Waypoints are shown when you fly an area in the waypoint mode. For XWaypoints, you have to select the waypoints from the Application menu.

To load the predefined XWaypoints, select “Application” from the Main Menu by using the and keys, then press .

Press to open the Application menu, then select “XWayPoints” by using the or keys. Press to view the list of waypoints available to load.

Figure 5-57: Application Menu – XwayPoints

A list of waypoints is displayed. Use the or key to move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints.

Next, use the key to move the highlight bar to the desired waypoint. Press to select it. A checkmark “√” will appear to the left of the selected waypoint. Repeat this step to select all waypoints you plan to fly. To deselect any waypoint, you may highlight it and press .

Figure 5-58: Selecting Waypoints

AG-NAV Inc. 69 PhotoNav Operations Manual Once the desired waypoints have been selected, use the or keys to move the red box cursor to the “OK” button.

Press to accept the selected waypoints.

Note that to cancel the selection, move the red box cursor to the “Cancel” button, then press .

Figure 5-59: Selecting Waypoints - Done

Once the cross-country waypoints are selected, PhotoNav enters the Waypoints mode. All selected waypoints are shown on screen.

Figure 5-60: XWaypoint Mode

You can zoom out to see all selected waypoints. A line is plotted from the aircraft to the destination. This is called the guide line. Press if you want to change the destination waypoint.

If you want to fly from one waypoint to another, press until you see in the Control Menu, then press . Assuming that you select to fly 5 waypoints: XWP1, XWP2, XWP3, XWP4 and XWP5. PhotoNav will start from XWP1 to XWP2. The guide line will be from XWP1 to XWP2. When you push , PhotoNav will change the guide line from XWP2 to XWP3, then XWP3 to XWP4, XWP4 to XWP5, XWP5 to XWP1, and XWP1 to XWP2.

AG-NAV Inc. 70 PhotoNav Operations Manual When in SegGuide mode, if you want to fly from aircraft to a destination waypoint, for example flying HOME, press . Then use or to select the destination waypoint.

The key is used to enter the Grid mode again. This function is for Area Waypoint mode only. In XWaypoints mode, you don’t have a survey area, thus no Grid mode.

AG-NAV Inc. 71 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.8 Edit Menu – Edit Area

Area files are normally created in office by GIS staff and loaded into the PhotoNav system. When you feel that something goes wrong, for example location offset, it would be wise to check the parameters defined for the areas. Area Editor is used for this purpose. You can edit the parameters if necessary.

To access the Area Editor, select “Application” from the Main menu. Then press to select “Edit”. The word “Edit” should be shown in white. Then press to open the Edit menu.

Figure 5-61: Edit selected Figure 5-62: Edit Menu – Edit Area

Select “Edit Area” from the Edit menu.

The list of area files *.no1 is shown for you to select the area to edit.

Note that the item “NEW_AREA” is for creating a new area by entering coordinates of corners.

If the list of area files is not already highlighted within the red box cursor, use the or key to move the cursor.

Use the or key to select the area to be edited. The desired area should be highlighted.

Figure 5-63: Selecting Area to Edit

Once the desired area is highlighted, press or to accept area and go to “OK” button. Press again to edit area.

To cancel the selection, press to exit.

AG-NAV Inc. 72 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.8.1 Edit Area - Parameters

If “OK” is selected, the area editor is opened for viewing and changing of area parameters.

Figure 5-64: Edit Area - Area Parameters

The editor shows the parameters that can be edited. Below is the description of the parameters:

• Line spacing: Distance between grid lines. The unit (feet or meters) is defined by the selected measurement system.

• Max xtrack: Full scale for the cross-track bar. The sensitivity of the bar is adjusted accordingly. The default is 200 feet or 60 meters for BriBar (bright lightbar), and 300 feet or 100 meters for NavBar or Pilot Indicator. A higher value makes the bar less sensitive.

• Line offset: First flight line offset. “Yes” indicates that the first flight line must be half line spacing inside the survey area. “No” means the first line is right on the edge of area.

• Target Spacing: Distance between targets on a grid line. This is used to generate target points.

• Trigger Radius: Allowable distance from aircraft to target a picture can be taken.

• Target Warning Time: Time to warn the operator to get ready to trigger the camera. For example, if the Target Warning Time is 5.0, PhotoNav will start to count down time when the time to fly to the closest target is 5 seconds.

• Target Offset: Minimum distance from a target point to survey area boundary.

• Coordinates: Type of coordinates used to define the boundary of area. The options are UTM X/Y or Lat/Long.

AG-NAV Inc. 73 PhotoNav Operations Manual

• Planned Altitude: Desired altitude value, used for altitude guidance. If using altitude profile, this Planned Altitude will be added to the altitude values in the *.grd file. The result will be used for guidance. If using constant altitude, the Planned Altitude will be the target level.

• Ellipsoid name: Local map datum or ellipsoid used to define the area. You can select “WGS-84” for “NAD 83”, and “CLARKE 1886” for “NAD 27”. Use “Aus-National” for Australian Map Grid 1984 or AMG84. To avoid map offset, the right ellipsoid must be defined.

• Delta X/Y/Z: Datum shifts. Used to convert coordinates in WGS-84 received from GPS receiver to coordinates in local datum defined by Ellipsoid name. They are not simple UTM offsets in the X, Y, and Z direction but rather the shift in the centers of the WGS-84 and local geodetic systems. Therefore if Ellipsoid name is “WGS-84”, the Delta X/Y/Z values must be 0. To avoid offset in positional data, you must enter the right values of Delta X/Y/Z.

• Magnetic variation: Magnetic variation in degrees between magnetic North and true North. Enter a negative value if magnetic North is east of true North. Enter a positive value if magnetic North is west of true North.

• Hemisphere: If the survey area is in the northern hemisphere, select “North”. If the area is in the southern hemisphere, select “South”. If the area crosses the equator, select either “North” or “South”. For consistency in coordinates, it is advised to select the same option for all areas working around the equator.

• Units: The measurement system that will be applied to all displayed units. There are two options available: “Met” for metric system and “US” for US measurement system.

AG-NAV Inc. 74 PhotoNav Operations Manual

5.8.2 Edit Area - Corners

To edit area corners, move the red box cursor to the “Edit Corners” button then press .

Figure 5-66: Edit Area Corners

The list of corners is shown for you to view and edit if necessary.

The first column shows the area number. For single area, the area number is always 1. If multiple areas are used, the number will be 2 for the second area.

The second column shows the corner numbers of area. As shown in the example, area 1 has 5 corners.

The third column shows the latitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter N (North) or S (South).

The fourth column shows the longitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter E (East) or W (West).

Figure 5-67: Edit Area - Corners

AG-NAV Inc. 75 PhotoNav Operations Manual To edit a corner:

• Move the red box cursor to the list of corners by using the or key. • Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired corner, for example corner 1. • Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example “Lat “ degrees DD. • Use the or key to change the value in the box. • When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. • When you finish editing one corner, repeat the same sequence to select and edit another corner. The corner must be highlighted to be edited.

Figure 5-68: Edit Corners

To delete a corner:

Figure 5-69: Delete Corners

AG-NAV Inc. 76 PhotoNav Operations Manual

To add a new corner:

• Move the red box cursor to the list of corners by using the or key. • Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the corner where you want to insert the new corner, for example corner 1. • Use the key to move the red box cursor to the “Add” button. • Press to add a new corner. A blank line will appear in the list of corners.

Figure 5-70: Add Corner

• Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example “Lat “ degrees DD. • Use the or key to change the value in the box. • When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. • Repeat the sequence to enter the coordinates of the new corner.

Figure 5-71: Edit New Corner

When all corners are shown correctly in the list of corners, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button. Press to accept all changes.

AG-NAV Inc. 77 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.8.3 Edit Area - Waypoints

To edit area waypoints, move the red box cursor to the “Edit Waypoints” button then press .

Figure 5-72: Edit Area – Waypoints

The list of waypoints is shown for you to view and edit if necessary.

The first column shows the waypoint numbers.

The second column shows the latitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter N (North) or S (South).

The third column shows the longitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter E (East) or W (West).

Figure 5-73: Waypoint List

AG-NAV Inc. 78 PhotoNav Operations Manual To edit a waypoint:

• Move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints by using the or key. • Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 5. • Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example “Lat “ degrees DD. • Use the or key to change the value in the box. • When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value.

Figure 5-74: Edit Waypoint

When you edit a waypoint name, a virtual keyboard is presented for you to enter characters.

Figure 5-75: Edit WPT Name

AG-NAV Inc. 79 PhotoNav Operations Manual

To work on the keyboard, use the , , , keys to move the red box cursor to the desired key, then press to enter the selected character.

Note that for waypoint name, you should not use the blank character.

The “<” button works as the Backspace key to delete the last character.

Figure 5-76: Virtual Keyboard

When you finish entering the waypoint name, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button and press to accept the name.

The “Cancel” button is used to cancel the entry and use the old name.

The keyboard display will be closed.

Figure 5-77: Edit WPT Name - Finish

When you finish editing one waypoint, repeat the same sequence to select and edit another waypoint. The waypoint must be highlighted to be edited.

AG-NAV Inc. 80 PhotoNav Operations Manual To delete a waypoint:

• Move the red box cursor to the list of wayoints by using the or key. • Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 5. • Use the key to move the red box cursor to the “Delete” button. • Press to delete the highlighted waypoint.

Figure 5-78: Delete Waypoint

To add a waypoint:

• Move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints by using the or key.

• Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the waypoint where you want to insert the new waypoint, for example waypoint 5.

• Use the key to move the red box cursor to the “Add” button.

• Press to add a new waypoint.

Figure 5-79: Add Waypoint

• The coordinates of the previous waypoints are used for the new waypoint. A waypoint name, for example “WPT6”, is automatically assigned to the new waypoint. • Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example “Lat “ degrees DD. • Use the or key to change the value in the box. AG-NAV Inc. 81 PhotoNav Operations Manual • When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. • Repeat the sequence to enter the coordinates of the new waypoint.

When all waypoints are shown correctly in the list of waypoints, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button. Press to accept all changes.

Figure 5-80: Edit Waypoints - Finish

AG-NAV Inc. 82 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Figure 5-81: Finish and Close Area Editor

After checking and editing all parameters, corners and waypoints, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button then press to save all changes. Or you can select “Cancel” to abort the changes. This will close the Area Editor.

AG-NAV Inc. 83 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.9 Edit Menu – Edit XWaypoints

XWaypoints are cross-country waypoints used for waypoint flight. You can enter a new XWaypoint on- the-fly, or if you have the coordinates of the waypoint, you can enter them manually by using the XWaypoints editor.

To access the XWaypoints Editor, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-82: Application - Edit Figure 5-83: Edit Menu – Edit XWaypoints

Use the or keys to select “Edit”. Press to select “Edit XWaypoints”. The word “Edit” at the top of screen should Press to view the waypoints available for change to white. Press to open the Edit editing. menu.

The list of waypoints is shown for you to view and edit if necessary.

If the list of waypoints is not already highlighted within the red box cursor, use the or key to move the cursor up to the waypoint list.

The first column shows the waypoint numbers.

The second column shows the latitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter N (North) or S (South).

The third column shows the longitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter E (East) or W (West).

Figure 5-84: Selecting Waypoint to Edit

AG-NAV Inc. 84 PhotoNav Operations Manual To edit an XWaypoint:

• Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 3. The desired waypoint should be highlighted. • Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example “Lat “ degrees DD. • Use the or key to change the value in the box. • When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value.

Figure 5-85: Editing XWaypoint

When you edit a waypoint name, a virtual keyboard is presented for you to enter characters.

Assuming that “XWPT5” is the airport in Butte City. Let’s change the name to BUTCT.

We should delete the old name “XWPT5” first, then enter the new name.

Figure 5-86: Editing XWaypoint Name

AG-NAV Inc. 85 PhotoNav Operations Manual

To work on the keyboard, use the , , , keys to move the red box cursor to the desired key, then press to enter the selected character.

Note that for waypoint name, you should not use the blank “ “ character.

The “<” button works as the Backspace key to delete the last character.

When you finish entering the waypoint name, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button and press to accept the name.

The “Cancel” button is used to cancel the entry and use the old name.

The keyboard display will be closed.

Figure 5-87: Naming Waypoints

When you finish editing one waypoint, repeat the same sequence to select and edit another waypoint. The waypoint must be highlighted to be edited.

To delete an XWaypoint:

• Move the red box cursor to the list of wayoints by using the or key. • Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 2. • Use the key to move the red box cursor to the “Delete” button. • Press to delete the highlighted waypoint.

Figure 5-88: Deleting Waypoints

AG-NAV Inc. 86 PhotoNav Operations Manual To add an XWaypoint:

• Move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints by using the or key.

• Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the waypoint where you want to insert the new waypoint, for example waypoint 2, BUTCT.

• Use the key to move the red box cursor to the “Add” button.

• Press to add a new waypoint. A new waypoint, i.e. waypoint 3 is added to the list. A waypoint name is automatically assigned to the new waypoint, i.e. WPT4. This waypoint is highlighted for you to edit.

Figure 5-89: Adding New XWaypoint

• Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example “Lat “ degrees DD.

• Use the or key to change the value in the box.

• When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value.

• Repeat the sequence to enter the coordinates of the new corner.

Finish XWaypoints Editor:

When all waypoints are shown correctly in the list of waypoints, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button. Press to accept and save all changes. Or you can select “Cancel” to abort the changes. This will close the XWaypoints Editor.

Figure 5-90: Finish Editing XWaypoints

AG-NAV Inc. 87 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.10 Settings Menu

5.10.1 Settings Menu - System Parameters

For successful flight, it is important to set parameters to suit the survey location, display, and guidance preference. The Settings editor in PhotoNav provides the utilities to do this.

To access the Settings editor, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-91: Application - Settings Figure 5-92: Settings Menu – Flight Parameters

Use key to select “Settings”. The Press to open the Settings menu. word “Settings” at the top of screen To view or edit the “Flight Parameters”, use the should change to white. or key to select “Flight Parameters”. Then press to continue.

The System Parameters are saved in the navigate.ini file.

When the editor for Flight parameters opens,

• Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description and/or range of value. • Use and to change the value of parameter. • When finish all editing, press to select “OK” button. • Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes.

AG-NAV Inc. 88 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Figure 5-93: System Parameters

• System Lag: Used to compensate for the lag in GPS position. In real time, GPS signals travel from satellites to GPS receiver, receiver sends data to PhotoNav, PhotoNav calculates guidance; all these tasks take some time. This causes the lag in GPS position. The right value of system lag will correct the lag in GPS data received from the GPS receiver. The recommended value is 0.8 seconds.

• Trigger on when switch: “Closed” or “Open”. PhotoNav has a switch to signal when a camera is triggered. Depending on how this switch is installed, its contacts can be closed or open when a picture is taken.

• Time Offset: The fault is GPS or Greenwich Time. If you want PhotoNav to use the local time, you should enter the correct Time Offset in hours. Time Offset = GPS Time – Local Time.

• Data Interval: Time interval in seconds for flight path data recording.

• Record Min Speed: Minimum speed for flight path data recording.

• Application: Type of application. For PhotoNav, the selection must be “PhotoNav”.

• Camera Triggering: “Manual” or “Auto”. If you want PhotoNav to trigger camera automatically when aircraft is closest to a target point and within triggering range, select “Auto”. If you want to trigger camera manually, select “Manual”.

AG-NAV Inc. 89 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.10.2 Settings Menu - Geodetic

The Geodetic settings are used for positioning and mapping. When you find a problem in GPS data, area displacement, incorrect heading of aircraft, or slow update of aircraft on screen, it would be wise to check the Geodetic Settings.

To access the Settings editor, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-94: Application - Settings Figure 5-95: Settings Menu - Geodetic

Use the or keys to select To check the Geodetic settings, select “Geodetic” “Settings” from the menu options. The word from the “Settings” menu using then press “Settings” at the top of screen should change . to white.

Note that the Geodetic settings are used for new area only. When you work on an old area, the settings are read from the area file (*.nme).

The editor for geodetic parameters opens.

Figure 5-96: Geodetic Parameters

AG-NAV Inc. 90 PhotoNav Operations Manual • Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description and/or range of value. • Use and to change the value of parameter. • When finish all editing, press to select “OK” button. • Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes.

Below is the description of parameters:

• Coordinates: Type of coordinates used to define area boundary. Options are UTM X/Y or Lat/Long.

• Ellipsoid name: Local map datum or ellipsoid used to define the area. You can select “WGS-84” for “NAD 83”, “CLARKE 1886” for “NAD 27”, “Aus-National” for AMG84. The most common ellipsoid used world wide is “WGS-84”. To avoid map offset, the right ellipsoid must be defined.

• Central meridian: Central longitude value of each 6 degrees of longitude swath where the survey area is located. Starting from 0 and working eastward, the first central meridian is 3. Please always make sure that the right central meridian is defined. If you are not sure, look up in the table of Central Meridian for the right value. Note that the value of 0 is also accepted and indicates that the central meridian will be calculated automatically when the new area is created.

• Delta x/y/z: Datum shifts. Used to convert coordinates in WGS-84 received from GPS receiver to coordinates in local datum defined by Ellipsoid name. They are not simple UTM offsets in the X, Y, and Z direction but rather the shift in the centers of the WGS-84 and local geodetic systems. Therefore if Ellipsoid name is “WGS-84”, the Delta X/Y/Z values must be 0. To avoid offset in positional data, you must enter the right values of Delta X/Y/Z.

• Magnetic var: Magnetic variation in degrees between magnetic North and true North. Enter a negative value if magnetic North is east of true North. Enter a positive value if magnetic North is west of true North.

• Hemisphere: If the survey area is North of equator, select “North”. If the area is South of equator, select “South”. If the area crosses the equator, you can select either “North” or “South”. However for consistency in coordinates, you should select the same option for all areas you work on around the equator.

AG-NAV Inc. 91 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.10.3 Settings Menu - Color

The PhotoNav system has a color display to clearly show the map, flight data and information on screen. Depending on preference, you can select colors for objects shown on screen. The Color Settings are used for both new and old areas.

To access the Settings editor, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-97: Application - Settings Figure 5-98: Settings Menu - Color

Use the or keys to select To check or change the interface colors, select “Settings” from the menu options. The word “Color” from the “Settings” menu using “Settings” at the top of screen should change and , then press . to white.

The editor for color settings opens.

Figure 5-99: Color Settings

AG-NAV Inc. 92 PhotoNav Operations Manual In the “Color Settings” edit boxes,

• Use and to select the item to be edited. • Use and to change the color. • When finish all editing, press to select “OK” button. • Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes.

The items that can be assigned a color are:

• Text: Foreground color and is used to display text information in the map area. • Background: Background color of the map area. • Treated Area: Color of boundary of survey area. • Exclusion Zones: Color of exclusion zones • Background Map: Color of background map. • Menu Text: Color of text in menus. • Flight Path: Color of flight path. • Triggered Point: Color of photo points. • Gridlines: Color of flight lines. • Guideline: Color of locked line or target line. • Compass: Color of compass rose. • Waypoint: Color of waypoints. • Target: Color of target points • Target Selector: Color of circle around the selected target point where a picture will be taken at.

AG-NAV Inc. 93 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.10.4 Settings Menu - Guidance

The Guidance settings allow you to select the information to display on the light bar and screen for guidance. When you see a problem related to lightbar display, it would be wise to check the Guidance Settings. The Guidance Settings are used for both new and old areas.

To access the Settings editor, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-90: Application - Settings Figure 5-91: Settings Menu - Guidance

Use the key to select “Settings” from To check or change the guidance settings, select the menu options. The word “Settings” at the “Guidance” from the “Settings” menu using top of screen should change to white. and , then press .

The editor for Guidance Settings opens.

Figure 5-92: Guidance Settings

AG-NAV Inc. 94 PhotoNav Operations Manual In the editor,

• Use and to select the parameter to be edited. • Use and to change the value of selected parameter. • When finish all editing, press to select “OK” button. • Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes.

Guidance information is displayed at the top of the screen to help the pilot stay on the right track. This serves as an internal light bar. As an option, the pilot can use an external light bar or pilot indicator with the PhotoNav system.

Left Info Right Info

Figure 5-93: PhotoNav Display – Guidance Area

The Guidance settings consist of the following parameters:

• Comport: The serial port to which the lightbar is connected. Always select “1” for lightbar.

• Baud rate: Data communication settings. For external lightbar or pilot indicator, baud rate must be 38400.

• Look-ahead: Used to calculate the cross track error and track angle error ahead of time. If the look- ahead time is 1 second, PhotoNav will calculate the position of vehicle where it will be in the next second and calculate the guidance based on this position.

• Obstacle Alert: This indicates how soon in seconds you want PhotoNav to warn you when approaching a tower or obstacle point. When warning is on, the lightbar will flash vigorously. Enter “.0000” if you don’t want the warning.

AG-NAV Inc. 95 PhotoNav Operations Manual • Lightbar: Type of lightbar used with the PhotoNav system. When you press on the Lightbar, another dialogue will open for you to set the distance and angle for each light (LED) on the lightbar.

• Brightness %: Percentage of lightbar brightness, 0 off, 100 brightest. 70% is the default level of brightness. During the flight, you can adjust the lightbar by using and keys. Note that this is not applicable for pilot indicator.

• Left info: The data that will be displayed on the left side of the lightbar, as well as on the left side of screen in the guidance area.

• Right Info: The data that will be displayed on the right side of the lightbar, as well as on the right side of screen in the guidance area.

• Middle info 1: The data that will be displayed in the middle left of NavBar or pilot indicator. NavBar can display 4 pieces of information. From the left, “Middle Info 1” is the second piece of information to be displayed on the lightbar.

• Middle info 2: The data that will be displayed in the middle right of NavBar or pilot indicator. NavBar can display 4 pieces of information. From the left, “Middle Info 2” is the third piece of information to be displayed on the lightbar.

• First bar: The logic for the first bar. By default, the first bar is XTrack error. You can select “Bar dir” to follow the bar direction to steer aircraft. This means when the XTrack bar extends to the left, you steer the aircraft left; when the XTrack bar extends to the right, you steer the aircraft right. This is the default logic. You can select “Opposite dir” to steer the aircraft in the opposition direction of XTrack bar.

• Set first bar to: The AGNAV lightbar (BriBar or NavBar) can display 2 bars for guidance. The first or top bar is normally XTrack. However you can select Angle of Intercept or Optimal Angle of Intercept (OAI) for the first bar. Angle of Intercept is the difference between the heading of vehicle and heading of locked line. If the vehicle is moving in the same direction as the line heading, the angle of intercept will be zero. The Optimal Angle of Intercept (OAI) is the combination of XTrack and Angle of Intercept. OAI is only zero when the vehicle is right on the locked line and moving in the same direction as the line heading.

• Second bar: The logic for the second bar. The AGNAV lightbar (BriBar or NavBar) can display 2 bars for guidance. The first or top bar is normally for XTrack. The second bar can be XTrack or Angle of Intercept. If the second bar is XTrack, the selection of “First bar” will be the selection of “Second bar”.

• Set second bar to: Options are XTrack, Angle of Intercept and Optimal Angle of Intercept. See “Set first bar to” for more information. By default, the second bar is Angle of Intercept. However you can change it to XTrack if desired. Note that for ground application, both bars are set to XTrack.

• WPT Left info: The data that will be displayed on the left side of the lightbar, as well as on the left side of screen in the guidance area when working in the Waypoint mode.

• WPT Right info: The data that will be displayed on the right side of the lightbar, as well as on the right side of screen in the guidance area when working in the Waypoint mode.

• WPT Middle info 1: The data that will be displayed in the middle left of NavBar when working in the Waypoint mode.

AG-NAV Inc. 96 PhotoNav Operations Manual • WPT Middle info 2: The data that will be displayed in the middle right of NavBar when working in the Waypoint mode.

Lightbar Settings:

The sensitivity of bars on the lightbar can be set manually or automatically. As a default, PhotoNav will automatically calculate the distance for each light on the Xtrack bar based on the Maximum Cross Track (Max Xtrack) value in the Default Parameters settings. The Max Xtrack value defines the full length or full scale of the bar. For Angle of Intercept, 90 degrees are used for full length of bar. However, you can set the distance or angle for each light manually by entering the values in the lightbar settings.

To do this, select “Lightbar” in the Guidance Settings.

When you select type of lightbar, for example “Bright Bar”, PhotoNav opens another dialogue for you to set distance and angle for each light (LED) on the lightbar.

Figure 5-94: Type of LightBar

AG-NAV Inc. 97 PhotoNav Operations Manual

The “XTrack” indicator indicates whether the distances for Xtrack lights should be calculated manually or automatically.

Use the and keys to toggle the selection of “XTrack” indicator. The blank button indicates “Automatic” option. The square dot in the button indicates “Manual” option. When “Manual” is selected, the LED column for XTrack will be active for you to enter the distance for each light on the lightbar.

Note that the BrightBar has 12 lights and NavBar has 20 lights for each guidance bar.

Figure 5-95: XTrack Indicator

PhotoNav shows the default settings for the lights (LEDs). After selecting “Manual” for XTrack indicator, use the key to move the red box cursor to LED 1. Use and keys to enter the distance for the selected LED.

Note that the LEDs starts from center of bar to the left or right. Center of bar shows that you are perfectly on the target line. LED1 shows the shortest XTrack from target line. LED12 shows the longest XTrack from target line.

Figure 5-96: XTrack Bar Settings

AG-NAV Inc. 98 PhotoNav Operations Manual After setting distances for lights on XTrack bar, you can do the same for Angle of Intercept.

Use the key to move the red box cursor to the “AOI” indicator. Use the and keys to toggle the selection of “AOI” indicator. The blank button indicates “Automatic” option. The square dot in the button indicates “Manual” option. When “Manual” is selected, the LED column for Angle of Intercept will be active for you to enter the angle for each light.

Figure 5-97: AOI Indicator

PhotoNav shows the default settings for the lights (LEDs). After selecting “Manual” for AOI indicator, use the key to move the red box cursor to LED 1. Use and keys to enter the distance for the selected LED.

Note that the LEDs starts from center of bar to the left or right. Center of bar shows that you are perfectly on the right track or moving parallel to the target line. LED1 shows you are slightly off the target heading.

Figure 5-98: AOI Settings

AG-NAV Inc. 99 PhotoNav Operations Manual In real flight, you might see that even though you are perfectly on the target line, LED1 and LED2 of AOI might be on. This indicates the wind drift and eventually you will be off the target line. You should use this guidance to correct the aircraft heading to keep the aircraft on the right track.

5.10.5 Settings Menu - Keys

PhotoNav has six keys for system operation. During menu selections before application, key is normally for “Cancel” or changing menu, and for changing the value of item or parameter, and for selecting item or parameter in current menu, and for accepting the selection or “OK”.

During the mission, the keys have different functions: for exiting area, for changing functions of the 4 Control Keys from to . The functions of the 4 keys are shown in the Control Menu on screen. Depending on preference, you can assign functions for keys , , and for the most convenient use during application.

Control Menu

Figure 5-99: PhotoNav Display – Control Menu

AG-NAV Inc. 100 PhotoNav Operations Manual To access the Settings editor, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-100: Application - Settings Figure 5-101: Settings Menu - Keys

Use the or keys to select To program functions for keys to for “Settings” from the menu options. The word use during application, select “Keys” from the “Settings” at the top of screen should change Settings menu using or key, then to white. press .

The editor for Key or Control Menu settings opens. It contains 7 pages of Control Menus settings corresponding to 7 operating modes. The name of each mode is displayed on the tab at the top of each page. Depending on application mode, there are different Control Menus for each mode. To quickly switch between pages, press .

Flight Modes

Control Menus

Figure 5-102: Key Settings – Old Area

AG-NAV Inc. 101 PhotoNav Operations Manual PhotoNav provides controls or functions appropriate for each flight mode when flying an old area or generating a new area. The first column shows the functions for key . The second column shows the functions for key , the third column for key and the fourth column for key . Each row has one function for each key and makes a Control Set or Control Menu. It is recommended to edit the Control Menus in the way that is the most convenient for the operator to do his or her job.

Based on application requirements, more functions will be implemented into PhotoNav software and more Control Menus will be presented in the Key Settings in the future.

To edit the settings, press or to bring the red box cursor to the desired item. Press or to toggle through the list of functions until the desired function appears. Press or use the “Next page” button to move to the next page.

The following figures show a suggestion of Control Menus for each mode.

1. Keys – Old Area

Control Menus for “Old Area” are for Grid mode, used when you open an area file that already exists in the PhotoNav’s disk. Put in the Control Menus the functions that you will use. Remove the functions that you do not need.

Figure 5-103: Control Menus for Grid Mode

• PrevLL: Shift the Locked Line to the Previous grid line.

• NextLL: Shift the Locked Line to the Next grid line.

• ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller.

• ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger.

• ClstLine: Shift the Locked Line to the line closest to the aircraft.

• NewGrid: Change grid line direction by entering two points.

AG-NAV Inc. 102 PhotoNav Operations Manual • NextArea: Fly the next area. Guidance is provided to fly the locked line and take pictures on the next area. This is for flying multiple areas.

• NewArea: Make a new area on-the-fly.

• WayPMode: Go to the Waypoint mode.

• MapMode: Go to the Map mode.

• XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint.

• NewWPT: Enter a new area waypoint.

• Info: Turn on/off information panel for time, coordinates, area size, etc…

• ResetCnt: Reset photo counter. Count indicator will show “Cnt: 0”.

• ObstPnt: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, power line, etc…)

• BgMap: Turn on/off the display of background map.

• Dim+: Increase the intensity of lightbar. This is for current application only. If you want permanent setting for lightbar, enter the desired value for Brightness % in Settings Æ Guidance.

• Dim-: Decrease the intensity of lightbar. This is for current application only. If you want permanent setting for lightbar, enter the desired value for Brightness % in Settings Æ Guidance.

• Left/Right/Up/Down: Shift the map Left/Right/Up/Down respectively.

• Blank: Do nothing.

• Exit: Exit area to return to the Application menu.

AG-NAV Inc. 103 PhotoNav Operations Manual 2. Keys – New Area L/R

Control menus for “New Area – L/R” are used when you generate a new area by entering the AB line. The area is generated to the left or right of the AB line. If you always make Area Left, you can replace the key “AreaRght” with something else, for example “NextPnt”. If you use both left and right, you should have both functions there.

Figure 5-104: Control Menus for New Area Generation – AB Line – Left/Right

• AreaLeft: Enter point A for area that will be generated on the left side of the AB line. Note that point A can also be entered by pressing .

• AreaRght: Enter point A for area that will be generated on the right side of the AB line. Note that point A can also be entered by pressing .

• NextPnt: Enter point A or B of the AB line.

• ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller.

• ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger.

• NewWPT: Enter a new waypoint for the new area.

• XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint.

• ObstPnt: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, power line, etc…)

AG-NAV Inc. 104 PhotoNav Operations Manual 3. Keys – NewArea – Split

Control menus for “New Area – Split” are used when you generate a new area by entering 3 points ABC.

Figure 5-105: Control Menus for New Area Generation – Center Split

• NextPnt: Enter point A, B, or C.

• ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller.

• ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger.

• NewWPT/AwayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area.

• XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint.

• ObstPnt/PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, power line, pickup point, etc…)

AG-NAV Inc. 105 PhotoNav Operations Manual 4. Keys – New Area – Mark

Control menus for “New Area – Mark” are used when you generate a new area by entering 3 or more points to form a polygon depicting the boundary of a survey area.

Figure 5-106: Control Menus for New Area Generation – Area Mark

• NextPnt: Enter a point or corner of survey area.

• EndArea: End or finish new area generation. Continue in Grid mode.

• New$Zone: Finish the boundary of the current survey area. Enter the first point of the next area.

• NewXZone: Enter the first point of the new exclusion zone. If you want to make an exclusion zone, do not push the key . After finishing all area boundaries, fly to the exclusion zone and press this key to start a new excluzion zone.

• DelPnt: Delete the last entered point.

• ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller.

• ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger.

• NewWPT: Enter a new waypoint for the new area.

• XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint.

• ObstPnt: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, power line, etc…)

AG-NAV Inc. 106 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5. Keys – New Area – Contour

Control menus for “New Area – Contour” are used when you generate a new area by flying along the boundary of the survey area.

Figure 5-107: Control Menus for New Area Generation – Contour

• NextPnt: Enter a point or corner of a survey area.

• EndArea: Finish area generation and continue in Grid mode.

• ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller.

• ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger.

• NewWPT/AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area.

• XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint.

AG-NAV Inc. 107 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6. Keys – Waypoint

Control menus for “Waypoint” are used when you work in the Waypoint mode.

Figure 5-108: Control Menus for Waypoint

• PrevWPnt: Select Previous Waypoint for destination when using Point Guidance. Select Previous Segment when using Segment Guidance. Note that two consecutive waypoints in the list of waypoints make a segment.

• NextWPnt: Select Next Waypoint for destination when using Point Guidance. Select Next Segment when using Segment Guidance.

• ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller.

• ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger.

• PntGuide: Select Point Guidance. Point guidance guides you to fly from aircraft to the destination waypoint. The destination starts from COR1 for corner 1 of survey area.

• SegGuide: Select Segment Guidance. Segment guidance guides you to fly from one waypoint to the next waypoint along the segment or line formed by the two waypoints. This may be used for power lines, rail roads, or special flight lines.

• GrdMode: Go to the Grid mode.

• NewWPT: Enter a new area waypoint.

• XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint.

• ObstPnt: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, power line, etc…)

AG-NAV Inc. 108 PhotoNav Operations Manual 7. Keys - Map

Control menus for “Map” are used when you work in the Map mode. The Map mode is used to view the survey area(s), grid lines, locked line, target points and photo points.

Figure 5-109: Control Menus for Map

• ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller.

• ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger.

• GrdMode: Go to the Grid mode.

• BestHead: Calculate best heading and generate grid lines based on this heading. The best heading is the one that produces the least number of grid lines.

• NextHead: Calculate the heading of the next side of survey area and generate grid lines based on this heading. Corners 1 and 2 makes the first side of survey area, corners 2 and 3 make the second side, etc…. When you use “NextHead”, PhotoNav will start from side 1 for heading to the last side formed by the last and first corners.

• PrevLL: Shift Locked Line to the Previous grid line.

• NextLL: Shift Locked Line to the Next grid line.

• ClstLn: Shift Locked Line to the line closest to aircraft.

• SelectLL or SetLL: Select the Locked Line and go to the Grid mode. This is a way to select the locked line while on the ground.

• Left/Right/Up/Down: Shift the map Left/Right/Up/Down respectively.

• NewWPT: Enter a new area waypoint.

• XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint.

• ObstPnt: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, power line, etc…)

AG-NAV Inc. 109 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.10.6 Settings Menu – Display

The Display Settings are used to set up the options for display on the main screen. Depending on the application, you can turn on or off the display of guidance, map rotation and aircraft icon. The Display settings are used for both new and old areas.

To access the Settings editor, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-110: Application - Settings Figure 5-111: Settings Menu - Display

Use the or keys to select To check or change the display settings, select “Settings” from the menu options. The word “Display” from the “Settings” menu using “Settings” at the top of screen should change or , then press to white.

The editor for Display Settings opens.

Figure 5-112: Display Settings

AG-NAV Inc. 110 PhotoNav Operations Manual In the edit box “Display Settings”,

• Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description. • Use and to change the value of parameter. • When finish all editing, move the red box cursor to “OK” button using or . • Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes.

Below is the description of parameters:

- Screen Guidance: The screen guidance shows the bars (XTrack and Angle of Intercept), left and right information. This is also called internal lightbar. Select “Yes” to turn on the display of this guidance. If you do not need guidance, select “No” to turn off the screen guidance to get more space for Map area. The default is “Yes”.

- Lightbar Guidance: If you have a lightbar or pilot indicator connected to PhotoNav, it will show guidance on the lightbar as well. Depending on the type of lightbar used, the lightbar may show more information than the screen guidance. Select “Yes” if you want PhotoNav to show the guidance on the lightbar. If you do not have a lightbar, select “No” for PhotoNav not to send data to lightbar. The default is “Yes”.

- Rotate Map: Turn on/off the map rotation based on the flight line heading. This parameter should be “Yes” in most cases. However if you want North up for map display, select “No” for not rotating the map.

- Vehicle or Aircraft Up: Select “Yes” to always display the aircraft icon moving up screen. Select “No” to show the aircraft moving up and down screen depending on the current heading of aircraft. Even though this parameter works independently from the “Rotate Map” parameter, to avoid confusion, you should select the same option “Yes” or “No” for both “Vehicle Up” and “Rotate Map”.

- Info1 / Info2 / Info3: Information to be shown at the bottom right corner of screen. The defaults are TW (Target Warning), LN# (Locked Line Number), and GS (Ground Speed).

- Default Scale: Set default scale in kilometers or miles for the first screen scale. If Default Scale is 0, PhotoNav will base on the size of survey area to set the first scale.

- Draw Targets: This controls the target display. Options are drawing targets on the locked line only or all targets. Note that no matter what option you choose, only the targets on the locked line are selected for triggering camera.

AG-NAV Inc. 111 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.10.7 Settings Menu – Save Settings

After setting all parameters correctly, you should save the settings to a file for backup.

To access the Settings editor for Data Output, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-113: Settings Menu – Data Output

Use the or keys to select Select “Save Settings” from the “Settings” menu “Settings” from the menu options. The word using and , then press . “Settings” at the top of screen should change to white.

The list of *.ini files is shown.

Figure 5-114: Save Settings – List of ini Files

AG-NAV Inc. 112 PhotoNav Operations Manual In the “Settings” box,

• Use to move the red box cursor. • Use and to highlight the desired ini file. • Press to select “OK” button. • Then press to save the current settings to the selected ini file. Or press to cancel saving settings.

Note that if you want to save the settings to a new ini file, select “NEW_Settings”.

The virtual keyboard will be shown for you to enter the new filename. The default new filename is “set1”. Note that you don’t have to enter the file extension “.ini”.

On the virtual keyboard, use keys and to move the red box cursor left right, and to move the cursor up down to select a character.

The key “<“ works like “Backspace” on keyboard used to delete the last character. Use this key to delete the current filename, for example “set1”.

• To enter a character, move the red box cursor to a desired character, then press . • The entered character is shown on the edit line.

Figure 5-115: Save Settings – Enter ini Filename

AG-NAV Inc. 113 PhotoNav Operations Manual

When finish entering the filename, move the cursor to the button “OK”.

Note that do not enter the file extension “.ini”.

Press to accept the filename.

The current settings are saved.

Figure 5-116: Save Settings – Finish Entering ini Filename

5.10.8 Settings Menu – Load Settings

If you have good settings saved in a file, you can load them to the current settings. Or if the current settings are bad, you can restore the settings by selecting “Load Settings”.

To load your own default settings, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-117: Settings Menu – Load Settings

Use the or keys to select Select “Load Settings” from the “Settings” menu “Settings” from the menu options. The word using or , then press . “Settings” at the top of screen should change to white.

AG-NAV Inc. 114 PhotoNav Operations Manual The list of ini files is shown.

Use key or to highlight the ini file you want to load to the current settings.

Then press .

Press again to select OK.

Or press to cancel loading settings.

Figure 5-118: Load Settings

After loading settings, you must reset the PhotoNav for the new settings to be effective. To do this,

• Push key to return to the Application menu.

• Select “Exit” to go to the Main Menu.

• From the Main Menu, you can select “Navigate” again to check the settings.

AG-NAV Inc. 115 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.11 Help Menu

5.11.1 Help Menu - Restore

All settings described in the previous sections are saved in a file called navigate.ini. When you select to fly an area, PhotoNav copies the navigate.ini file to the data folder. You can make a backup of settings for future use by copying this file to a USB key using the File Manager.

When you update PhotoNav software, the manufacturer’s settings may overwrite your current settings. You can restore your own settings by using Settings Æ Load Settings. After loading your default settings, if you find something wrong in the current settings, you can use the Restore function to get back the good settings.

To restore settings, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-119: Application - Help Figure 5-120: Help Menu – Restore

Use the or keys to select “Help” from the menu options. The word “Help” at the top of screen should change to white. Select “Restore” from the Help menu using and , then press .

A dialog is shown for you to confirm the restoration of settings.

Figure 5-121: Setting Restore Confirmation

Press to restore settings; or press to cancel.

AG-NAV Inc. 116 PhotoNav Operations Manual 5.11.2 Help Menu – About

The About function shows the information about the Navigate module. The information includes the system name, version number, release date, and name of manufacturer.

To get the module information, select “Application” from the Main menu.

Figure 5-122: Application - Help Figure 5-123: Help Menu – About

Use the or keys to select “Help” from the menu options. The word “Help” at the top of screen should change to white. Select “About” from the “Help” menu using and , then press .

The information about the Navigate module is shown.

Figure 5-124: About Information

After getting the information, press to close the dialog.

AG-NAV Inc. 117 PhotoNav Operations Manual

6. File Manager

After finishing your mission or application on an area, you may want to get the data and process it in office or send it to your clients. PhotoNav provides the File Manager for this purpose. You can copy data files from PhotoNav to a USB key, or vice versa. For terminology, USB key, USB memory stick, USB storage media mean the same thing and are used interchangeably.

Remember that when we ask you to press a function key, it means you should press the key with the function name shown on top. For example, when we ask you to press , you should press the key that has the label “Copy” shown on top. If you do not see the function you require in the Control Menu, press to change the Control Menu.

Figure 6-1: Main Menu - File Manager

To run the File Manager, use the or keys to move the red box cursor to “File Manager” in Main Menu, then press .

AG-NAV Inc. 118 PhotoNav Operations Manual Upon launching, the File Manager checks for USB storage media. If none is found, it displays a warning message.

Make sure that a USB memory stick is inserted, then press . PhotoNav will check for USB media again. Or you can press to work with files on the local hard disk only.

Once the USB key is detected, DO NOT UNPLUG the USB key while you are in File Manager.

Figure 6-2: Detect USB Media

The left panel shows the files on local disk in the PhotoNav system.

The right panel shows the files on USB media.

The panel that has the thick red line at the top is the active panel. As in example, the left panel is active.

At the top of each panel, the free space on disk is shown.

Figure 6-3: File Manager - Controls

The keys from to have many functions. The function of each key is shown above the key label. To change the function of the keys press .

AG-NAV Inc. 119 PhotoNav Operations Manual

Before performing any file operation, you must first select files to be copied, moved, deleted or viewed. To select one file only, use key or to move the highlight bar to that file. To select many files at the same time, move the highlight bar to each file and press to select it. A check mark (√) will be displayed before each selected file. To deselect a file, move the highlight bar to that file and press again.

6.1 File Manager – Copy Files

To copy areas, first select files to be copied. Note that even though you select only *.no1 files, all files (grid lines, target file, flight data files, etc…) associated with the selected areas will be copied as well.

As an example, we will copy 3 areas from PhotoNav to a USB key.

To select a file, use the or key to move the highlight bar to the desired file.

If you are copying many files at the same time, press to tag the files.

Note the check mark √ at the beginning of each selected file. This indicates the file is tagged.

Figure 6-4: Tag Files

AG-NAV Inc. 120 PhotoNav Operations Manual

To copy the tagged files, press

The progress of the operation will be shown on screen.

Figure 6-5: Copy Files

At the end of copy operation, the right panel shows the copied files on USB media.

And the original files are deselected (no checkmarks).

Figure 6-6: Copy Files - Done

AG-NAV Inc. 121 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6.2 File Manager – Move Files

Select “Move” when you want to move areas and data from one disk (source) to another (target). When done, the files will be deleted from the source.

To move files:

Use key or to highlight the desired files.

If you are moving many files at the same time, use to tag the files.

Press .

Figure 6-7: Move Files

Note that when you move files from PhotoNav to a USB key, PhotoNav will delete the areas and all associate data files on the hard drive without asking for confirmation. To avoid losing data, always make sure that your USB key is good and has enough space to hold all data files.

Actually you can do “File Move” in two steps: First copy tagged files to another media, then delete the tagged files. This way you have a chance to change your mind about deleting files.

AG-NAV Inc. 122 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6.3 File Manager – Delete Flight Data

For the Delete functions to show in the Control Menu, press until you see them. You can select to delete areas and all flight data files together, or delete flight data only.

To delete flight data only:

Use key or to highlight the desired file.

If you want to delete many files at the same time, press to tag the files.

Press ~~to start the deleting process.~~

Figure 6-8: Delete Flight Data

Before deleting flight data, PhotoNav provides a confirmation dialogue to give you the last chance to change your mind about deleting data.

Press to select “OK” if you still want to delete the data files.

If you change your mind, press to cancel deletion.

Figure 6-9: Delete Data - Confirmation

AG-NAV Inc. 123 PhotoNav Operations Manual

After deleting, the display is updated. No files tagged.

Note that only the flight data files were deleted, the area files remain intact.

Figure 6-10: Flight Data Deleted

AG-NAV Inc. 124 PhotoNav Operations Manual

6.4 File Manager – Delete Areas

When deleting areas, PhotoNav will delete area files *.no1 and all flight data recorded for the selected areas and projects.

To delete areas and projects:

Use key or to highlight the desired area.

Use to select many files at the same time.

Then press ~~to begin the deleting process.~~

Press to select to confirm deletion. The selected areas and all associated files will be deleted.

Or press to cancel deletion.

Figure 6-11: Delete Areas

After deleting, the display will be updated.

Figure 6-12: Deleting Areas Done

AG-NAV Inc. 125 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6.5 File Manager – View File To view the information saved in an area file, press until “View” is shown in the Control Menu. Use and to highlight the file you want to view. When the desired area file is highlighted, press to show the area details.

The red box cursor indicates the active window that you can access. In the active window, you can move the highlight bar up and down to view more information.

In the active window, use the or key to move the highlight bar up or down to display more information.

The first window shows the surveying and guidance parameters.

Figure 6-12: View File Information

Press to move the red box cursor to the second window to show Area Corners. This would be the place to check if the Central Meridian (CM) is consistent with Longitudes (Lon).

The and keys can be used to scroll the highlight bar up and down. This will allow more corners to be seen if there are anymore to display.

Figure 6-13: Viewing Corners

AG-NAV Inc. 126 PhotoNav Operations Manual Press to move the red box cursor to the third window to show Area Waypoints. If there are any waypoints defined for this area, the waypoints will be shown here.

The and keys can be used to scroll the highlight bar up and down.

Figure 6-14: View Waypoints

When finished with viewing all the information, press to move the red box cursor to the “Close” button.

Press to close View.

Figure 6-15: Close View

AG-NAV Inc. 127 PhotoNav Operations Manual

6.6 File Manager – Switch Active Side

To operate on files on USB media, the red thick line at the top of active panel must be switched to the right side.

To switch from one side to another, press until “Switch” appears in the Control Menu.

Figure 6-16: Switch Active Side

Press to change the active panel.

The red line moves to the other side. As in example, the right panel is active.

All the operations shown in the left panel can be done in the right panel.

Figure 6-17: Switch Side Done

AG-NAV Inc. 128 PhotoNav Operations Manual

6.7 File Manager – Change Directory

PhotoNav is capable of using area files created by an AGNAV2 or PhotoNav DOS system. When using “DATA COPY ÅÆ USB DISK” in the AGNAV2, the area files are saved in the “agnav” directory or folder in the USB key. When you plug in this USB key to PhotoNav, you will see < agnav > shown on the USB panel. This indicates that the “agnav” directory exists in the USB key. If you want to copy AGNAV2 files to PhotoNav, you have to go into the “agnav” directory to see the list of area files. To do that, first switch the active panel to USB using the Switch function.

Then press to change to the “agnav” directory.

The list of area files in the “agnav” directory in the USB key will be shown on screen.

Now you can copy files to PhotoNav, move or delete areas on the USB key.

Figure 6-18: Change Directory

Note that after changing directory to “agnav”, if you do not see any area files shown on the screen, it could be the file extensions such as .NO1, .PRJ are in upper case. For area files created by AGNAV and NavviewW to work in the PhotoNav system, all file extensions must be in lower case.

AG-NAV Inc. 129 PhotoNav Operations Manual

6.8 File Manager – Rename

To rename a file:

Move the highlight bar to the desired file using key or . Press until “RENAME” appears in the Control Menu.

Press key

The Virtual Keyboard will open allow you to enter the new file name. Please note that you must enter the file name only, do not enter file extension (.no1, .xyz, etc…). The file extension will be kept the same as the old file.

Figure 6-20: Rename File

The key “<” works as the Backspace used to delete the last character.

The keys are used to move the cursor to the desired character.

The key is used to enter the selected character.

After you finish entering new file name, move the cursor to the button then press to close the Virtual Keyboard.

Figure 6-21: Rename – Virtual Keyboard

AG-NAV Inc. 130 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6.9 File Manager – Duplicate

Duplicate function is used to make a duplicate of a file. It is similar to copy except the duplicated file will be in the same location as the original. To duplicate a file:

Move the highlight bar to the desired file using key or . Press until “DUPLICATE” appears in the Control Menu.

Press key < DUPLICATE >

The Virtual Keyboard will open allow you to enter a new file name for the duplicate. Please note that you must enter the file name only, do not enter file extension “.no1”. The file extension will be kept the same as the original file.

Figure 6-22: Duplicate File

The key “<” works as the Backspace used to delete the last character.

The keys are used to move the cursor to the desired character.

The key is used to enter the selected character.

After you finish entering new file name, move the cursor to the button then press to close the Virtual Keyboard.

Figure 6-23: Duplicate – Virtual Keyboard

AG-NAV Inc. 131 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6.10 File Manager – Format

The Format function is used to format a USB key to make it work properly with the PhotoNav system. You can use this function when PhotoNav can not detect or read your USB key.

Note that when formatting, all data on the USB key will be erased. Make sure you don’t have data or files you need to keep on the USB key.

To format a USB key, press the key and follow the instruction to complete the task.

Figure 6-24: Exit File Manager

AG-NAV Inc. 132 PhotoNav Operations Manual 6.11 File Manager – BackUp

The BackUp function is used to copy up all files in the Data folder of PhotoNav to a USB key. You can use this function to back up all data files before cleaning the system.

To back up all data files, press until “BACKUP” appears in the Control Menu.

Press to start the process.

Figure 6-25: File Manager - BackUp

6.12 File Manager – Clean

The Clean function is used to delete all files in the Data folder of PhotoNav. You can use this function to clean up PhotoNav after doing BackUp.

To clean up PhotoNav hard drive, press until “CLEAN” appears in the Control Menu.

Press to start the process.

Figure 6-26: File Manager - Clean

AG-NAV Inc. 133 PhotoNav Operations Manual

6.13 File Manager – Exit

To exit File Manager, press until “EXIT” appears in the Control Menu.

Press to close File Manager and return to the Main Menu.

Figure 6-27: File Manager - Exit

AG-NAV Inc. 134 PhotoNav Operations Manual 7. Test

PhotoNav provides the utilities for testing the GPS receiver, lightbar, and trigger switches. It is best to do a test of all devices after completing hardware installation.

Figure 7-1: Main Menu - Selecting Test

To access the Test module, use the or key to move the red box cursor to the “Test” item in the Main menu. Press to run the TEST program.

AG-NAV Inc. 135 PhotoNav Operations Manual 7.1 Test Menu – Comport

PhotoNav has 4 comports. By default, comport 1 is for lightbar, comport 2 for GPS data, comport 3 for data input, comport 4 for data output or Photo Counter Box. “Comport” is used to test data input from a comport, mainly data from a GPS receiver. This test should be done after installing the GPS receiver. It is also advised to do this test when PhotoNav displays a warning saying “No GPS”.

Figure 7-2: Test - Comport

To test the GPS receiver, select “Comport” by using the or key if “Comport” is not already highlighted by the red box cursor. Once “Comport” has been selected, press to activate it.

AG-NAV Inc. 136 PhotoNav Operations Manual The “Comport Test” window comes up. The top of window shows Comport and Baud Rate. Comport always starts with the comport number designated for GPS data. The default Baud Rate is the baud rate set for GPS receiver in the GPS Settings. Baud rate indicates how fast data is transmitted or received. If there is any data coming into the current comport, the data will be shown on screen.

The GPS data should be readable. You can pause the scrolling by pressing to check the data.

What we need to check are the two strings: One starts with $GPGGA and the other starts with $GPVTG.

The $GPGGA string shows the GPS time, coordinates, status, number of satellites, HDOP, and other information.

The $GPVTG string shows the ground heading and ground speed of aircraft.

Figure 7-3: Testing GPS

To have good GPS data, you may have to bring the GPS antenna outside to get better view of satellites. If the antenna does not have good view of sky, you may have to wait a long time for the receiver to search for satellites. If the data is scrolling but not readable (no $GPGGA), you should change the baud rate to a different value. The options are 9600, 19200 and 38400. If the data is readable at some baud rate, you know that the GPS receiver is sending data at this rate. In this case, you know that the default value does not work and you have to change the baud rate value in the GPS Settings for PhotoNav to get the GPS data properly.

AG-NAV Inc. 137 PhotoNav Operations Manual The “Comport” Test can be used to test other comports as well. For example, to test data output to another device, change “Comport” to 4 and change “Baud Rate” to the baud rate that your receiving device is running at.

To change the comport number, the comport edit box must be highlighted by the red box cursor. Use the and keys to move the cursor. Once the comport edit box is selected, use the and keys to change the comport number.

To change the baud rate, the baud rate edit box must be highlighted by the red box cursor. Use the and keys to move the cursor.

Once the baud rate edit box is selected, use the and keys to change the baud rate value.

The available options are ranging from 1200 to 115200.

Figure 7-4: Change Baud Rate

To test data input, select comport 3 and baud rate set to the baud rate of the output device.

The data received might be binary, i.e. not readable. Unless you know your output device is sending text data, do not try to change the baud rate to be able to read the data. The data shown on screen is a proof of successful communications between PhotoNav and the other device.

Do not try to test the lightbar in Comport Test. Lightbar Test is described in the next section.

To exit Comport Test, use the key to move the red box cursor to the Exit button, then press .

AG-NAV Inc. 138 PhotoNav Operations Manual

7.2 Test Menu – Light Bar

After installing the lightbar or when you see some problem with the lightbar, you should run the Light Bar Test.

Figure 7-5: Test - Light Bar

To test the lightbar, select “Light Bar” by using the or key to move the red box cursor to the “Light Bar” item in the Test Menu. Then press to activate it.

The Lightbar Test window comes up. Check the display on the external lightbar, you should see the same information and bars as you see on the screen.

If you do not see anything displayed on the external lightbar, you should check the test parameters and make sure they have correct value or setting. The Lightbar Test has three parameters that you can change:

- Comport: The value must be 1. You should not change the comport number.

- Baud rate: The value must be 38400. You should not change the baud rate.

- LightBar: Select the type of lightbar. At the present, you can test Bright Lightbar and Trimble AG21 lightbar only. Other options will be implemented into the Test program in the future. Do not try to test the NavBar and Smart Lightbar with this Test.

AG-NAV Inc. 139 PhotoNav Operations Manual

The figures below shows the Bright Lightbar test.

Figure 7-6: Test – Bright Lightbar

Figure 7-7: Test – Lightbar - Exit

To exit the Light Bar Test, use key to move the red box cursor to the Exit button then push .

AG-NAV Inc. 140 PhotoNav Operations Manual 7.3 Test Menu – Check Time

“Check Time” is used to check and change the date and time in PhotoNav.

Figure 7-8: Check Time

To check the date and time, select “Check Time” by using the and keys to move the red box cursor to the “Check Time” item in the Test Menu. Then press to activate it.

AG-NAV Inc. 141 PhotoNav Operations Manual The date and time edit boxes are displayed on the screen.

To change any information, use the and keys to move the red box cursor to the desired item, and use or to change the value.

The time in the PhotoNav is the GPS time. It should not be changed.

Figure 7-9: Check and Edit Date

To exit the editor, move the red box cursor to the “OK” button and press to accept the changes. Or select “Cancel” to exit without changing the date and time.

Figure 7-10: Exit Date and Time Editor

AG-NAV Inc. 142 PhotoNav Operations Manual 7.4 Test Menu – Trigger Switch

After installing the trigger switches or when you find the trigger switches do not work properly, you should run Trigger Switch test.

Figure 7-11: Test - Boom Switch

To test the trigger switches, select “Boom Switch” or “Trigger Switch” by using the and keys to move the red box cursor to the “Trigger Switch” item in the Test Menu. Then press to activate it.

AG-NAV Inc. 143 PhotoNav Operations Manual

The PhotoNav system supports up to 4 trigger switches.

From top to bottom, the trigger switches are identified as trigger switch #1, #2, #3, and #4 respectively.

For photogrammetry, the first switch must be used.

Figure 7-12: Trigger Switch Test

To test the trigger switches, close the contact of each switch. The contact status should be shown on screen accordingly.

If trigger switch 1 is closed, the first circuit at the top on the display will be closed.

To exit the test, select “OK” by pressing the key.

Figure 7-13: Trigger Switch 1 Closed

AG-NAV Inc. 144 PhotoNav Operations Manual 7.5 Test Menu – Exit

Figure 7-14: Test - Exit

To exit the Test module, use the and keys to move the red box cursor to the “Exit” item in the Test Menu. Then press to return to the Main Menu.

AG-NAV Inc. 145 PhotoNav Operations Manual 8. Training

The Training module is used for practicing the real time Navigate module before actually going on a mission. It is a convenient way to get yourself familiar with the operation of . The Training module operates exactly the same as the Navigate module except that the GPS data is simulated (no GPS receiver needed) and you can use arrow keys on a USB keyboard to control the aircraft.

For operation, you can use the keys on the keypad or keys on keyboard:

Keypad Keyboard

AG-NAV Inc. 146 PhotoNav Operations Manual 9. System Menu

When you turn on PhotoNav, the Main Menu and System Menu are shown. The System Menu consists of the “File” and “Help” items.

System Menu

Main Menu

Figure 9-1: Main Display

9.1 System Menu – File

The first item of the System Menu is "File". This is itself a menu called the File Menu.

This menu contains the same items as in the Main menu.

The blue highlight bar indicates the selected item, for example “Navigate”. Pressing the key will launch the "Navigate" module. Use the key to move the highlight bar up, to move the bar down.

Figure 9-2: File Menu

AG-NAV Inc. 147 PhotoNav Operations Manual 9.2 System Menu - Help

“Help” is the second item of the System menu. It is also a menu that has utilities to keep the PhotoNav system running properly.

Figure 9-3: System Menu - Help

To change from “File” to “Help” in the System menu, press key to highlight “Help”, then press .

AG-NAV Inc. 148 PhotoNav Operations Manual 9.2.1 Help Menu – About

“About” is the first item of “Help”.

Select “About” from the “Help” menu using and .

Once “About” is highlighted, press to open “About”.

Figure 9-4: Help Menu – About

The “About” window shows the software version and manufacturer.

Figure 9-5: About Information

After viewing the information, to close “About”, press to select “OK”.

Note that when a dialog is shown, the key is used to select “OK” and to select “Cancel”.

AG-NAV Inc. 149 PhotoNav Operations Manual 9.2.2 Help Menu – Update

“Update” is used to update the PhotoNav software. You should have the PhotoNav software update files on a USB memory stick before running “Update”. This is called the USB Update disk.

To update the PhotoNav software, use the or key to select “Update”.

Then press .

Figure 9-6: Help - Update

If the Update disk is not inserted, PhotoNav will prompt you to plug in the USB Update disk.

Insert the Update disk to the USB port. Wait for about 15 seconds for the system to detect the disk then press to continue.

If the Update disk is not available, press to cancel “Update”.

Note that when a dialog is shown, the key is used to select “OK” and to select “Cancel”.

Figure 9-7: Update – Insert Update Disk

When “Update” continues, the update files are read and PhotoNav software updated.

When done, the status of Update is displayed.

Press to finish Update.

PhotoNav will reboot when the Update is done.

Figure 9-8: Update Done

AG-NAV Inc. 150 PhotoNav Operations Manual

9.2.3 Help Menu – Restore Settings

When your current settings have a problem, for example you can not run “Navigate”, you can restore the default settings to make your PhotoNav to work again.

To restore manufacturer’s settings to current settings, use or key to select “Restore settings”.

Then press

Figure 9-9: Help – Restore Settings

Before changing the settings, PhotoNav prompts you to confirm if you really want to proceed.

Press to select “OK”. If you do not want to change the settings, press to select “Cancel”.

Figure 9-10: Help – Validate Product

AG-NAV Inc. 151 PhotoNav Operations Manual

9.2.4 Help Menu – Language

PhotoNav can run in English or Spanish.

To change the current language, select “Language” from the Help Menu.

Then press .

Figure 9-11: Help - Language

In the “Language” dialogue, use keys and to select the desired language.

When done, press twice to select “OK” and save the selection.

To cancel the selection, just press . The original language option is used.

Figure 9-12: Select Language

AG-NAV Inc. 152 PhotoNav Operations Manual 10. Exit - Shutdown

“Exit” is used to close the PhotoNav system properly before power down the system.

Figure 10- 1: Exit PhotoNav

To close PhotoNav software and shut down the system, select “Exit” from the Main menu then press .

The progress of closing application software and operating system is shown on screen.

When you see the Operating System prompt, you can turn off PhotoNav.

AG-NAV Inc. 153 PhotoNav Operations Manual 11. Camera Triggering

When using the PhotoNav, a camera can be triggered manually or automatically.

PhotoNav provides a camera switch. When the contacts of this switch are closed or switch is closed, the PhotoNav marks a triggered or photo point and records data of this point. Note the maximum time for the closure is 100msecs. If the switch is closed for more than 100 msecs, another triggered point is recorded.

To manually trigger the camera, push the camera trigger switch whenever you want to take a picture.

You can use a built-in micro relay of the PhotoNav to trigger the camera automatically.

How PhotoNav Triggers Camera:

The PHOTONAV system has the following ways to trigger a camera:

1) Closure of Contacts: If your camera is triggered by closing contacts of a switch, connect the camera to the leads labeled RELAY1 and RELAY2.

RELAY1

PHOTONAV CAMERA

RELAY2

Figure 11.1: Camera Triggering by Closure of Contacts

a. Manual Triggering: In the software, select Settings Æ System Æ Camera Triggering. Enter “Manual”. When you want to take a picture, push the Camera Triggering switch, PhotoNav will trigger the relay to close the contacts.

b. Automatic Triggering: In the software, select Settings Æ System Æ Camera Triggering. Enter “Automatic”. When the aircraft is closest to a camera point in GRID mode, PhotoNav will close the contacts for 100msecs then open them again.

AG-NAV Inc. 154 PhotoNav Operations Manual 2) 5V Pulses: If your camera is triggered by a rising pulse, you can use the 5V output from the PhotoNav to do this. PhotoNav provides a wire for 5V output and a wire for Ground. Connect these leads to your camera.

PHOTONAV CAMERA

GND

Figure 11.2: Camera Triggering by 5V Pulses

b. Automatic Triggering: In the software, select Settings Æ System Æ Camera Triggering. Enter “Automatic”. When the aircraft is closest to a camera point in GRID mode, PhotoNav will output a 5V pulse for 100msecs to trigger the camera.

AG-NAV Inc. 155 PhotoNav Operations Manual 12. Survey Area

To make a survey area, you can use the TraxView program to digitize a polygon from a map (shp, bmp, jpg, kml).

Figure 12- 1: TraxView – Making Survey Area

You can make a new area on-the-fly by flying around the survey area and enter points to mark the boundary of the area. Please see section 5.5 for new area generation.

If you make a survey area in office, you can save the file to a USB key. Use the File Manager to copy the area file to PhotoNav. Please see chapter 6 for help copy area files to PhotoNav.

AG-NAV Inc. 156 PhotoNav Operations Manual

APPENDIX A:

FLIGHT PATTERNS

PARALLEL 2 POINT GENERATION LEFT OR RIGHT

AG-NAV Inc. 157 PhotoNav Operations Manual B

SKIP PARALLEL, UP TO 99 SWATHS SKIPPED 2 POINT GENERATION

AG-NAV Inc. 158 PhotoNav Operations Manual B

SQUEEZE 2 POINT GENERATION

B C

SPLIT 3 POINT GENERATION

AG-NAV Inc. 159 PhotoNav Operations Manual

RACE TRACK UP TO 99 SWATHS FOR EACH RACE

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APPENDIX B:

CENTRAL MERIDIAN AND ZONE VALUES

LONG(-) LONG(+) CM ZONE LONG(+) CM ZONE -180..-174 180..186 183 1 000..006 003 31 -174..-168 186..192 189 2 006..012 009 32 -168..-162 192..198 195 3 012..018 015 33 -162..-156 198..204 201 4 018..024 021 34 -156..-150 204..210 207 5 024..030 027 35 -150..-144 210..216 213 6 030..036 033 36 -144..-138 216..222 219 7 036..042 039 37 -138..-132 222..228 225 8 042..048 045 38 -132..-126 228..234 231 9 048..054 051 39 -126..-120 234..240 237 10 054..060 057 40 -120..-114 240..246 243 11 060..066 063 41 -114..-108 246..252 249 12 066..072 069 42 -108..-102 252..258 255 13 072..078 075 43 -102..-096 258..264 261 14 078..084 081 44 -096..-090 264..270 267 15 084..090 087 45 -090..-084 270..276 273 16 090..096 093 46 -084..-078 276..282 279 17 096..102 099 47 -078..-072 282..288 285 18 102..108 105 48 -072..-066 288..294 291 19 108..114 111 49 -066..-060 294..300 297 20 114..120 117 50 -060..-054 300..306 303 21 120..126 123 51 -054..-048 306..312 309 22 126..132 129 52 -048..-042 312..318 315 23 132..138 135 53 -042..-036 318..324 321 24 138..144 141 54 -036..-030 324..330 327 25 144..150 147 55 -030..-024 330..336 333 26 150..156 153 56 -024..-018 336..342 339 27 156..162 159 57 -018..-012 342..348 345 28 162..168 165 58 -012..-006 348..354 351 29 168..174 171 59 -006..000 354..360 357 30 174..180 177 60

Central Meridian and Zone Values 161 PhotoNav Operations Manual

APPENDIX C:

REFERENCE ELLIPSOIDS

The user should consult the maps to be used to confirm the local datum. The appropriate ellipsoid and datum shift values should be used.

Software for the ellipsoid SWED-RT90 has been specially written for the RT-90 geodetic system used in Sweden. In this case the datum shift values are not used.

No REFERENCE ELLIPSOIDS a (metres) f 1 AIRY 6377563.396 1/299.3249646 2 MODIFIED AIRY 6377340.189 1/299.3249646 3 AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL 6378160.000 1/298.25 4 BESSEL-1841 6377397.155 1/299.1528128 5 CLARKE-1866 / NAD-27 6378206.400 1/294.9786982 6 CLARKE-1880 6378249.145 1/293.465 7 EVEREST 6377276.345 1/300.8017 8 MODIFIED EVEREST 6377304.063 1/300.8017 9 FISCHER-1960 (MERCURY) 6378166.000 1/298.3 10 MODIFIED FISCHER-1960 (SOUTH ASIA) 6378155.000 1/298.3 11 FISCHER-1968 6378150.000 1/298.3 12 GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM-1967 6378160.000 1/298.247167427 13 GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM-1980 6378137.000 1/298.257222101 14 HELMERT-1906 6378200.000 1/298.3 15 HOUGH 6378270.000 1/297 16 INTERNATIONAL 6278388.000 1/297 17 KRASSOVSKY 6378245.000 1/298.3 18 SOUTH AMERICAN-1969 6378160.000 1/298.25 19 WGS-60 6378165.000 1/298.3 20 WGS-66 6378145.000 1/298.25 21 WGS-72 6378135.000 1/298.26 22 WGS-84 / NAD-83 6378137.000 1/298.257223563

Note that when you use an ellipsoid other than WGS-84, you have to enter the datum shifts (DX, DY, DZ) in the area/project and ENTRY.NEW files for proper data conversion. For the U.S., normally DX = 8, DY = -160, DZ = -176. For Canada East, DX = 22, DY = -169, DZ = -190. For other regions, please consult Appendix F for appropriate values.

Reference Ellipsoids 162 PhotoNav Operations Manual

APPENDIX D:

DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS

DATUM SHIFT PARAMETERS FROM WGS-84 TO LOCAL

DATUM SPHEROID DX DY DZ ADINDAN CLARKE 1880 162 12 -206 ADINDAN Mean (Ethiopia & Sudan) CLARKE 1880 166 15 -204 ADINDAN Ethiopia CLARKE 1880 165 11 -206 ADINDAN Mali CLARKE 1880 123 20 -220 ADINDAN Senegal CLARKE 1880 128 18 -224 ADINDAN Sudan CLARKE 1880 161 14 -205 AFG Somalia KRASSOWSKY 1940 43 163 -45 AIN EL ABD 1970 Bahrain I INTERNATIONAL 1924 150 251 2 ANNA 1 ASTRO 1965 Cocos Is AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL 491 22 -435 ARC 1950 Mean CLARKE 1880 Mod 143 90 294 ARC 1950 Botswana CLARKE 1880 Mod 138 105 289 ARC 1950 Lesotho CLARKE 1880 Mod 125 108 295 ARC 1950 Malawi CLARKE 1880 Mod 161 73 317 ARC 1950 Swaziland CLARKE 1880 Mod 134 105 295 ARC 1950 Zaire CLARKE 1880 Mod 169 19 278 ARC 1950 Zambia CLARKE 1880 Mod 147 74 283 ARC 1950 Zimbabwe CLARKE 1880 Mod 142 96 293 ARC 1960 Mean CLARKE 1880 Mod 160 8 300 ARC 1960 Kenya CLARKE 1880 Mod 161 7 300 ARC 1960 Tanzania CLARKE 1880 Mod 158 12 299 ASCENSION ISLAND ASTRO 1958 INTERNATIONAL 1924 207 -107 -52 ASTRO BEACON E Iwo Jima INTERNATIONAL 1924 -145 -75 272 AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1966 AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL 133 48 -148 AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1984 AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL 134 48 -149 BELLE VUE IGN Efate & Erromango Is INTERNATIONAL 1924 127 769 -472 BERMUDA 1957 CLARKE 1866 73 -213 -296 BOGOTA OBSERVATORY Colombia INTERNATIONAL 1924 -307 -304 318 BUKIT RIMPAH Indonesia BESSEL 1841 384 -664 48 CAMP AREA ASTRO Antarctica INTERNATIONAL 1924 104 129 -239 CAMPO INCHAUSPE Argentina INTERNATIONAL 1924 148 -136 -90 CANTON I ASTRO 1966 Phoenix Is INTERNATIONAL 1924 -298 304 375 CAPE CANAVERAL Florida & Bahamas CLARKE 1866 2 -150 -181 CAPE South Africa CLARKE 1880 Mod 136 108 292 CARTHAGE Tunisia CLARKE 1880 IGN 263 -6 -431 CHATHAM 1971 Chatham I NZ INTERNATIONAL 1924 -175 38 -113 CHAU ASTRO Paraguay INTERNATIONAL 1924 134 -229 29 CORREGO ALEGRE Brazil INTERNATIONAL 1924 206 -172 6 DJAKARTA Sumatra I BESSEL 1841 377 -681 50 DOS 1968 New Georgia Is INTERNATIONAL 1924 -230 199 752 EASTER ISLAND ASTRO 1967 INTERNATIONAL 1924 -211 -147 -111 EUROPEAN 1950 Cyprus INTERNATIONAL 1924 104 101 140

Datum Transformations 163 PhotoNav Operations Manual

EUROPEAN 1950 Egypt INTERNATIONAL 1924 130 117 151 EUROPEAN 1950 Greece INTERNATIONAL 1924 84 95 130 EUROPEAN 1950 Iran INTERNATIONAL 1924 117 132 164 EUROPEAN 1950 Italy Sardinia INTERNATIONAL 1924 97 103 120 EUROPEAN 1950 Italy Sicily INTERNATIONAL 1924 97 88 135 EUROPEAN 1950 Mean INTERNATIONAL 1924 87 98 121 EUROPEAN 1950 Norway and Finland INTERNATIONAL 1924 87 95 120 EUROPEAN 1950 Spain & Portugal INTERNATIONAL 1924 88 109 122 EUROPEAN 1950 United Kingdom INTERNATIONAL 1924 86 96 120 EUROPEAN 1950 Western Europe INTERNATIONAL 1924 96 98 120 EUROPEAN 1979 Mean INTERNATIONAL 1924 86 98 119 G. SEGARA Borneo BESSEL 1841 403 -684 -41 G. SERINDUNG Borneo WGS 84 0 0 0 GANDAJIKA BASE Maldives INTERNATIONAL 1924 133 321 -50 GEODETIC 1949 New Zealand INTERNATIONAL 1924 -84 22 209 GHANA WGS 84 0 0 0 GUAM 1963 Marianes Is CLARKE 1866 100 248 -259 GUX 1 ASTRO Guadacanal INTERNATIONAL 1924 -252 209 751 HERAT NORTH INTERNATIONAL 1924 333 222 -114 HJORSEY 1955 Iceland INTERNATIONAL 1924 73 -46 86 HONG KONG 1963 INTERNATIONAL 1924 156 271 189 HU TZU SHAN Taiwan INTERNATIONAL 1924 634 549 201 INDIAN India, Bangladesh & Nepal EVEREST 1830C -289 -734 -257 INDIAN Thailand & Vietnam EVEREST 1830C -214 -836 -303 IRELAND 1965 Eire AIRY 1830 Mod -506 122 -611 ISTS 017 ASTRO 1969 Diego Garcia INTERNATIONAL 1924 -208 435 229 JOHNSTON ISLAND ASTRO 1961 INTERNATIONAL 1924 -191 77 204 KANDAWALA Sri Lanka EVEREST 1830C 97 -787 -86 KERGUELEN ISLAND INTERNATIONAL 1924 -145 187 -103 KERTAU 1948 W Malaysia & Singapore EVEREST 1830M 11 -851 -5 LA REUNION Mascarene Is INTERNATIONAL 1924 -94 948 1262 LC 5 ASTRO Cayman Brac I CLARKE 1866 -42 -124 -147 LIBERIA 1964 CLARKE 1880 90 -40 -88 LUZON 1911 Mindanao I CLARKE 1866 133 79 72 LUZON 1911 Phillipines ex Mindanao CLARKE 1866 133 77 51 MAHE 1971 Seychelles CLARKE 1880 Mod -41 220 134 MARCO ASTRO Salvage Is INTERNATIONAL 1924 289 124 -60 MARCUS ISLAND ASTRO 1952 INTERNATIONAL 1924 -134 234 25 MASSAWA Eritrea (Ethiopia) BESSEL 1841 -639 -405 -60 MERCHICH Morocco CLARKE 1880 IGN -31 -146 -47 MIDWAY ASTRO 1961 INTERNATIONAL 1924 -912 58 -1227 MINNA Nigeria CLARKE 1880 92 93 -122 NAHRWAN Masirah I (Oman) CLARKE 1880 247 148 -369 NAHRWAN Saudi Arabia CLARKE 1880 231 196 -482 NAHRWAN United Arab Emirates CLARKE 1880 249 156 -381 NAMIBIA BESSEL 1841 Namibia -616 -97 251 NAPARIMA BWI Trinidad & Tobago INTERNATIONAL 1924 2 -374 -172 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Alaska CLARKE 1866 5 -135 -172 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Alberta & BC CLARKE 1866 7 -162 -188 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Bahamas CLARKE 1866 4 -154 -178 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Canada CLARKE 1866 10 -158 -187 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Canada East CLARKE 1866 22 -160 -190 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Caribbean CLARKE 1866 7 -152 -178 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Central America CLARKE 1866 0 -125 -194 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Cuba CLARKE 1866 9 -152 -178 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Eastern USA CLARKE 1866 9 -161 -179 Datum Transformations 164 PhotoNav Operations Manual

NTH AMERICAN 1927 Greenland Hayes CLARKE 1866 -11 -114 -195 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Manitoba & Ont CLARKE 1866 9 -157 -184 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Mean ConUS CLARKE 1866 8 -160 -176 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Mexico CLARKE 1866 12 -130 -190 NTH AMERICAN 1927 NWT & Saskatch. CLARKE 1866 -4 -159 -188 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Panama Canal Zone CLARKE 1866 0 -125 -201 NTH AMERICAN 1927 San Salvador I CLARKE 1866 -1 -140 -165 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Western USA CLARKE 1866 8 -159 -175 NTH AMERICAN 1927 Yukon CLARKE 1866 7 -139 -181 OBSERVATORIO 1966 Azores INTERNATIONAL 1924 425 169 -81 OLD EGYPTIAN 1930 HELMERT 1906 130 -110 13 OLD HAWAIIAN Mean CLARKE 1866 -61 285 181 OLD HAWAIIAN Hawaii CLARKE 1866 -89 279 183 OLD HAWAIIAN Kaui CLARKE 1866 -45 290 172 OLD HAWAIIAN Maui CLARKE 1866 -65 290 190 OLD HAWAIIAN Oahu CLARKE 1866 -56 284 181 OLD HAWAIIAN Kaui INTERNATIONAL 1924 -190 230 341 OLD HAWAIIAN Maui INTERNATIONAL 1924 -210 230 357 OLD HAWAIIAN Oahu INTERNATIONAL 1924 -201 224 349 OMAN CLARKE 1880 346 1 -224 ORDNANCE SURVEY GREAT BRITIAN 1936 AIRY 1830 OSGB -375 111 -431 OSGB 36 England AIRY 1830 OSGB -371 112 -434 OSGB 36 England & Wales AIRY 1830 OSGB -371 111 -434 OSGB 36 Scotland AIRY 1830 OSGB -384 111 -425 OSGB 36 Wales AIRY 1830 OSGB -370 92 -434 PICO DE LAS NIEVES Canary Is INTERNATIONAL 1924 307 92 -127 PITCAIRN ISLAND ASTRO 1967 INTERNATIONAL 1924 -185 -165 -42 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 Bolivia INTERNATIONAL 1924 270 -188 388 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 Columbia INTERNATIONAL 1924 282 -169 371 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 Ecuador INTERNATIONAL 1924 278 -171 367 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 Guyana INTERNATIONAL 1924 298 -159 369 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 Mean INTERNATIONAL 1924 288 -175 376 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 N Chile 19 INTERNATIONAL 1924 270 -183 390 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 Peru INTERNATIONAL 1924 279 -175 379 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 S Chile 43 INTERNATIONAL 1924 305 -243 442 PROV. STH AMERICAN 1956 Venezuala INTERNATIONAL 1924 295 -173 371 PROV. STH CHILEAN 1963 INTERNATIONAL 1924 -16 -196 -93 PUERTO RICO Puerto Rico & Virgin Is CLARKE 1866 -11 -72 101 QATAR NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL 1924 128 283 -22 QORNOQ South Greenland INTERNATIONAL 1924 -164 -138 189 ROME 1940 Sardinia INTERNATIONAL 1924 225 65 -9 SANTA BRAZ Azores INTERNATIONAL 1924 203 -141 -53 SANTOS (DOS) Espirito Santo I INTERNATIONAL 1924 -170 -42 -84 SAPPER HILL 1943 East Falkland I INTERNATIONAL 1924 355 -16 -74 SIERRA LEONE 1960 WGS 84 0 0 0 STH AMERICAN 1969 Argentina SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 62 1 37 STH AMERICAN 1969 Bolivia SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 61 -2 48 STH AMERICAN 1969 Brazil SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 60 2 41 STH AMERICAN 1969 Chile SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 75 1 44 STH AMERICAN 1969 Columbia SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 44 -6 36 STH AMERICAN 1969 Ecuador SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 48 -3 44 STH AMERICAN 1969 Guyana SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 53 -3 47 STH AMERICAN 1969 Mean SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 57 -1 41 STH AMERICAN 1969 Paraguay SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 61 -2 33 STH AMERICAN 1969 Peru SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 58 0 44 STH AMERICAN 1969 Trinidad/Tobago SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 45 -12 33 Datum Transformations 165 PhotoNav Operations Manual

STH AMERICAN 1969 Venezuala SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 45 -8 33 STH ASIA Singapore FISCHER 1960 SA -7 10 26 SOUTHEAST BASE Porto Santo/Madeira INTERNATIONAL 1924 499 249 -314 SOUTWEST BASE Azores INTERNATIONAL 1924 104 -167 38 ST HELENA ASTRO DOS 71/4 INTERNATIONAL 1924 320 -550 494 TANANARIVE OBSERV. 1925 Malagasy INTERNATIONAL 1924 189 242 91 TERN ISLAND ASTRO 1961 B4 SOR ATOLL INTERNATIONAL 1924 -114 116 333 TIMBALAI 1948 Brunei BESSEL 1841 639 -583 55 TIMBALAI 1968 Sabah/Sarawat/Brunei EVEREST 1830B 689 -691 46 TOKYO Mean BESSEL 1841 128 -481 -664 TOKYO Japan BESSEL 1841 123 -483 -662 TOKYO Korea BESSEL 1841 128 -481 -665 TOKYO Okinawa BESSEL 1841 135 -478 -661 TRISTAN ASTRO 1968 Tristan da Cunha INTERNATIONAL 1924 632 -438 609 VITI LEVU 1916 Fiji Is CLARKE 1880 -51 -391 36 VOIROL WGS 84 0 0 0 WAKE ENIWETOK 1960 Marshall Is HOUGH 1960 -101 -52 39 YACARE Uruguay INTERNATIONAL 1924 155 -171 -37 ZANDERIJ Suriname INTERNATIONAL 1924 265 -120 358

REFERENCES:

DMA (1987), Navstar Global Positioning System, User Equipment Relevant, World Geodetic System 1984, Technical Data Package, WGS84 to Local Geodetic System, Datum Transformation Parameters.

DMA (1988), Transformation Parameters for Geodetic Datums to WGS84, Washington DC.

Datum Transformations 166 PhotoNav Operations Manual

LIMITED WARRANTY

AG-NAV Inc.

Limited Warranty AG-NAV Inc. warrants that for a period (the “Warranty Period”) of one (1) year from the date of initial shipment of your Ag-Nav products (the “Products”), your Products will be free from defects in material and workmanship which substantially affect the performance of the Products, so long as they are operated in accordance with Ag- Nav specifications and instructions. If you find a defect in a Product, Ag-Nav entire liability (and your exclusive remedy) will be, at Ag-Nav option, either the (a) replacement of the Product; or (b) repair of the hardware in the Product manufactured by Ag-Nav and the software in the Product created by Ag-Nav, if it is returned to with a copy of your receipt. All Ag-Nav hardware and software parts repaired during the Warranty Period will assume the un-expired portion of the original Warranty Period. You will be responsible for all shipping charges and for appropriate packaging of any replaced Product in order to protect against additional loss or damage of the Product in transport. The Products may contain hardware components manufactured by third parties (“Third Party Hardware”) and software created by third parties (“Third Party Software”). Third Party Hardware and Third Party Software may be subject to specific warranties provided by the third party manufacturers and developers. You will not receive any warranty from Ag-Nav for Third Party Hardware and Third Party Software in addition to the warranties, if any, provided by the third party manufacturers and developers. Copies of the warranties, if any, for Third Party Software and Third Party Hardware will be provided to you upon request in writing to Ag-Nav Inc. In order for you to benefit from this Limited Warranty, you must (a) promptly notify Ag-Nav in writing of any defects that you find in a Product, and (b) return any defective Product to Ag-Nav or to its authorized representative. Ag-Nav reserves the right, upon examination of the returned Product, to determine to its satisfaction that any defects were not caused either during delivery or after delivery of the Product, by your misuse, abuse, neglect of the Product, or by an authorized adjustment made by you other than those modifications specifically approved in the documentation for the Product. You acknowledge that this Limited Warranty is void if (a) defects or damages are caused by either the use, installation, repair or replacement of parts or accessories not manufactured by Ag-Nav or repairs performed by anyone other than an authorized Ag-Nav repair representative; or (b) damage to the Products are caused by or related to abuse, misuse, negligence, accident, normal wear and tear, faulty or improper installation, or tampering by you with a Product.

NO OTHER WARRANTIES EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY PROVIDED ABOVE, AG-NAV DISCLAIMS TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, RELATING TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON- INFRINGEMENT. AG-NAV MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE QUALITY, CAPABILITIES, OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE OR SUITABILITY OF THE PRODUCTS AND THE SOFTWARE. AG-NAV MAKES NO WARRANTY THAT THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWARE WILL BE FREE FROM ERRORS CAUSED BY YEAR 2000 OR GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) WEEK ROLLOVER PROBLEMS.

PhotoNav Operations Manual 167 Release Notes

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AG-NAV SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT OR INDIRECT DAMAGES, (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCTS, EVEN IF AG-NAV HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR EVEN IF SUCH DAMAGES ARISE AS A RESULT OF THE NEGLIGENCE OF AG-NAV. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL AG-NAV BE LIABLE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES. THE RISK OF THE USE OF THE PRODUCTS RESTS WITH YOU. IN ALL CASES, AG-NAV ’ LIABILITY TO YOU SHALL BE NO MORE THAN THE COST OF YOUR PRODUCTS.

PhotoNav Operations Manual 168 Release Notes

Product Model Number Serial Number

This warranty must be signed and dated by the purchaser to qualify for warranty service. Please return 1 copy by fax or mail to Ag-Nav Inc.

Print Name: AG-NAV INC. 30 Churchill Drive Sign Name: Barrie, Ontario Canada Date: L4N 8Z5

Shipment Date: Tel: 705-734-0909 Fax: 705-735-0880 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.agnav.com

PhotoNav Operations Manual 169 Release Notes