CROCODILES Proceedings of the 19
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I What Is a Crocodilian?
I WHAT IS A CROCODILIAN? Crocodilians are the only living representatives of the Archosauria group (dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and thecodontians), which first appeared in the Mesozoic era. At present, crocodiliams are the most advanced of all reptiles because they have a four-chambered heart, diaphragm, and cerebral cortex. The extent morphology reflects their aquatic habits. Crocodilians are elongated and armored with a muscular, laterally shaped tail used in swimming. The snout is elongated, with the nostrils set at the end to allow breathing while most of the body remains submerged. Crocodilians have two pairs of short legs with five toes on the front and four tows on the hind feet; the toes on all feet are partially webbed. The success of this body design is evidenced by the relatively few changes that have occurred since crocodilians first appeared in the late Triassic period, about 200 million years ago. Crocodilians are divided into three subfamilies. Alligatorinae includes two species of alligators and five caiman. Crocodylinae is divided into thirteen species of crocodiles and on species of false gharial. Gavialinae contains one species of gharial. Another way to tell the three groups of crocodilians apart is to look at their teeth. II PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS A Locomotion Crocodilians spend time on land primarily to bask in the sun, to move from one body of water to another, to escape from disturbances, or to reproduce. They use three distinct styles of movement on land. A stately high walk is used when moving unhurried on land. When frightened, crocodilians plunge down an embankment in an inelegant belly crawl. -
The Contribution of Skull Ontogenetic Allometry and Growth Trajectories to the Study of Crocodylian Relationships
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 12:6, 568–579 (2010) DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00442.x The Gavialis--Tomistoma debate: the contribution of skull ontogenetic allometry and growth trajectories to the study of crocodylian relationships Paolo Piras,a,b,Ã Paolo Colangelo,c Dean C. Adams,d Angela Buscalioni,e Jorge Cubo,f Tassos Kotsakis,a,b Carlo Meloro,g and Pasquale Raiah,b aDipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Universita` Roma Tre, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo, 1, 00146 Roma, Italy bCenter for Evolutionary Ecology, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo, 1, 00146 Roma, Italy cDipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘‘Charles Darwin,’’ Universita` di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza’’, via Borelli 50, 00161 Roma, Italy dDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA eUnidad de Paleontologı´a, Departamento de Biologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain fUniversite´ Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR CNRS 7193-iSTeP, Equipe Biomineralisations, 4 Pl Jussieu, BC 19, Paris 75005, France gHull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK hDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita‘ degli Studi Federico II, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy ÃAuthor for correspondence (email: [email protected]) SUMMARY The phylogenetic placement of Tomistoma and stages of development. Based on a multivariate regression of Gavialis crocodiles depends largely upon whether molecular or shape data and size, Tomistoma seems to possess a peculiar morphological data are utilized. Molecular analyses consider rate of growth in comparison to the remaining taxa. However, its them as sister taxa, whereas morphological/paleontological morphology at both juvenile and adult sizes is always closer to analyses set Gavialis apart from Tomistoma and other those of Brevirostres crocodylians, for the entire head shape, crocodylian species. -
Caiman Crocodilus Fuscus
Facultad de Ciencias ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA Departamento de Biología http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol Sede Bogotá ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN / RESEARCH ARTICLE ZOOLOGIA DETERMINATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL VALUES OF COMMON CROCODILE (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) IN CAPTIVITY IN THE MAGDALENA MEDIO OF COLOMBIA Determinación de valores hematológicos de caimán común (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) en cautiverio en el Magdalena Medio de Colombia Juana GRIJALBA O1 , Elkin FORERO1 , Angie CONTRERAS1 , Julio VARGAS1 , Roy ANDRADE1 1Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, 150003 Tunja, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia *For correspondence: [email protected] Received: 04th December 2018 , Returned for revision: 03rd March 2019, Accepted: 08th May 2019. Associate Editor: Nubia E. Matta. Citation/Citar este artículo como: Grijalba J, Forero E, Contreras A, Vargas J, Andrade R. Determination of hematological values of common crocodile (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) in captivity in the Magdalena Medio of Colombia. Acta biol. Colomb. 2020;25(1):75-81. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ abc.v25n1.76045 ABSTRACT Caiman zoo breeding (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) has been developing with greater force in Colombia since the 90s. It is essential to evaluate the physiological ranges of the species to be able to assess those situations in which their health is threatened. The objective of the present study was to determine the typical hematological values of the Caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) with the aid of the microhematocrit, the cyanmethemoglobin technique, and a hematological analyzer. The blood samples were taken from 120 young animals of both sexes in good health apparently (males 44 and females 76). -
Co-Creating Peace in Conflict-Affected Areas in Mindanao.Pdf
Copyright © 2013 by The Asian Institute of Management Published by The AIM-TeaM Energy Center for Bridging Leadership of the AIM-Scientific Research Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. This collation of narratives, speeches, documents is an open source document for all development practitioners within the condition that publisher is cited and notified in writing when material is used, reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods. Requests for permission should be directed to [email protected], or mailed to 3rd Level, Asian Institute of Management Joseph R. McMicking Campus, 123 Paseo de Roxas, MCPO Box 2095, 1260 Makati City, Philippines. ISBN No. Book cover photo: Three doves just released by a group of Sulu residents, taken on June 8, 2013 Photographed by: Lt. Col. Romulo Quemado CO-CREATING PEACE IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED MINDANAO A FELLOW AT A TIME VOLUME 1 AIM TeaM Energy Center for Bridging Leadership www.bridgingleadership.aim.edu Asian Institute of Management 123 Paseo de Roxas Street, Makati City 1226, Philippines Tel. No: +632 892.4011 to 26 Message Greetings! In behalf of the Asian Institute of Management, I am honored to present to everyone this publication, entitled “Co-Creating Peace in Mindanao (A Fellow at a Time),” a product of one of our most renowned leadership programs offered by the AIM Team Energy Center for Bridging Leadership. The Mindanao Bridging Leaders Program (MBLP) began in 2005 and is hinged on the Bridging Leadership Framework. The fellows- who graduated the program are executive officers and distinguished directors, representing different sectors from the government, non-gov ernment organizations, civil society organizations, security, and others. -
Vocalizations in Two Rare Crocodilian Species: a Comparative Analysis of Distress Calls of Tomistoma Schlegelii (Müller, 1838) and Gavialis Gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789)
NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 11 (1): 151-162 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2015 Article No.: 141513 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Vocalizations in two rare crocodilian species: A comparative analysis of distress calls of Tomistoma schlegelii (Müller, 1838) and Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) René BONKE1,*, Nikhil WHITAKER2, Dennis RÖDDER1 and Wolfgang BÖHME1 1. Herpetology Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. 2. Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, P.O. Box 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603 104, S.India. *Corresponding author, R. Bonke, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 07. August 2013 / Accepted: 16. October 2014 / Available online: 17. January 2015 / Printed: June 2015 Abstract. We analysed 159 distress calls of five individuals of T. schlegelii for temporal parameters and ob- tained spectral parameters in 137 of these calls. Analyses of G. gangeticus were based on 39 distress calls of three individuals, of which all could be analysed for temporal and spectral parameters. Our results document differences in the call structure of both species. Distress calls of T. schlegelii show numerous harmonics, whereas extensive pulse trains are present in G. gangeticus. In the latter, longer call durations and longer in- tervals between calls resulted in lower call repetition rates. Dominant frequencies of T. schlegelii are higher than in G. gangeticus. T. schlegelii specimens showed a negative correlation of increasing body size with de- creasing dominant frequencies. Distress call durations increased with body size. T. schlegelii distress calls share only minor structural features with distress calls of G. gangeticus. Key words: Tomistoma schlegelii, Gavialis gangeticus, distress calls, temporal parameters, spectral parameters. -
La Brea and Beyond: the Paleontology of Asphalt-Preserved Biotas
La Brea and Beyond: The Paleontology of Asphalt-Preserved Biotas Edited by John M. Harris Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series 42 September 15, 2015 Cover Illustration: Pit 91 in 1915 An asphaltic bone mass in Pit 91 was discovered and exposed by the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art in the summer of 1915. The Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History resumed excavation at this site in 1969. Retrieval of the “microfossils” from the asphaltic matrix has yielded a wealth of insect, mollusk, and plant remains, more than doubling the number of species recovered by earlier excavations. Today, the current excavation site is 900 square feet in extent, yielding fossils that range in age from about 15,000 to about 42,000 radiocarbon years. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Archives, RLB 347. LA BREA AND BEYOND: THE PALEONTOLOGY OF ASPHALT-PRESERVED BIOTAS Edited By John M. Harris NO. 42 SCIENCE SERIES NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Luis M. Chiappe, Vice President for Research and Collections John M. Harris, Committee Chairman Joel W. Martin Gregory Pauly Christine Thacker Xiaoming Wang K. Victoria Brown, Managing Editor Go Online to www.nhm.org/scholarlypublications for open access to volumes of Science Series and Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, California 90007 ISSN 1-891276-27-1 Published on September 15, 2015 Printed at Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas PREFACE Rancho La Brea was a Mexican land grant Basin during the Late Pleistocene—sagebrush located to the west of El Pueblo de Nuestra scrub dotted with groves of oak and juniper with Sen˜ora la Reina de los A´ ngeles del Rı´ode riparian woodland along the major stream courses Porciu´ncula, now better known as downtown and with chaparral vegetation on the surrounding Los Angeles. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 38670-PH PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$50 MILLION Public Disclosure Authorized AND A PROPOSED GRANT FROM THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY TRUST FUND IN THE AMOUNT OF US$7 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Public Disclosure Authorized FOR A NATIONAL PROGRAM SUPPORT TO ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT May 25,2007 Rural Development, Natural Resources and Environment Sector Unit Sustainable Development Department East Asia and Pacific Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Exchange Rate Effective March 19,2007 Currency Unit = Philippines Pesos US$l = P48 FISCALYEAR January 1 - December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 4DB Asian Development Bank 40s Administration Orders APL Adaptable Program Lending BNFI Bicol National Park Foundation ZAS Country Assistance Strategy ZBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBFM Community Based Forest Management CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Officer CEPF Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CPPAP Conservation of Priority Protected Areas Program DA Department of Agriculture DA-BFAR Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DA-BSWM Department of Agriculture - Bureau of -
CAIMAN CARE Thomas H
CAIMAN CARE Thomas H. Boyer, DVM, DABVP, Reptile and Amphibian Practice 9888-F Carmel Mountain Road, San Diego, CA, 92129 858-484-3490 www.pethospitalpq.com – www.facebook.com/pethospitalpq The spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) is a popular animal among reptile enthusiasts. It is easy to understand their appeal, hatchlings are widely available outside California and make truly fascinating pets. Unfortuneately, if fed and housed properly they can grow a foot per year for the first few years and can rapidly outgrow their accommodations. Crocodilians are illegal in California without special permits. Most crocodilians are severely endangered (some are close to extinction) but spectacled caimans are one of the few species that aren't, therefore zoos are not interested in keeping them. Within a few years the endearing pet becomes a problem that nobody, including the owner, wants. They are difficult to give away. Some elect euthanasia at this point but most caimans die from inadequate care before they get big enough to become a problem. Other crocodilians are so severely endangered that it is illegal to own or trade in them, live or dead, without federal permits. Obviously I discourage individuals from purchasing an animal that within a few years will be an unsuitable pet. Although I can't endorse caimans as pets, I still feel if one has a caiman it should be cared for properly. One must realize that almost all crocodilians (the American Alligator is an exception) are tropical reptiles, thus they need a warm environment. Water temperature should be 75 to 80 F at all times. -
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Initial Environmental Examination November 2019 PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project Rehabilitation of Rapagas-Macao Access Road Prepared by the Municipality of Kadingilan, Province of Bukidnon for the Department of Environment and the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 19 November 2019) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01938 $1.00 = PhP 50.6180 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BDC barangay development council CBMS community base monitoring system CNC certificate of non-coverage CSC construction supervision consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DED detailed engineering design DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DPWH Department of Public Works and Highway DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA environmentally critical area ECC environmental compliance certificate ECP environmentally critical project EIA environmental impact assessment EIAMMP environmental impact assessment management and monitoring plan EIS environmental impact statement EMB environmental management bureau ESS environmental safeguards specialist FDBB full disclosure bulletin board FIBECO First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative GAD gender and development IEE initial environmental examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP indigenous people IRA internal revenue allotment IROW infrastructure right -
An Eocene Tomistomine from Peninsular Thailand Jérémy Martin, Komsorn Lauprasert, Haiyan Tong, Varavudh Suteethorn, Eric Buffetaut
An Eocene tomistomine from peninsular Thailand Jérémy Martin, Komsorn Lauprasert, Haiyan Tong, Varavudh Suteethorn, Eric Buffetaut To cite this version: Jérémy Martin, Komsorn Lauprasert, Haiyan Tong, Varavudh Suteethorn, Eric Buffetaut. An Eocene tomistomine from peninsular Thailand. Annales de Paléontologie, Elsevier Masson, 2019, 10.1016/j.annpal.2019.03.002. hal-02121886 HAL Id: hal-02121886 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02121886 Submitted on 6 May 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. An Eocene tomistomine from peninsular Thailand Un tomistominé éocène de la peninsule Thaïlandaise Jeremy E. Martin1, Komsorn Lauprasert2, Haiyan Tong2, Varavudh Suteethorn2 and Eric Buffetaut3 1Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planète et Environnement, UMR CNRS 5276 (CNRS, ENS, Université Lyon 1), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, email: [email protected] 2Palaeontological Research and Education Centre, Mahasarakham University, Khamrieng, 44150 Thailand 3Laboratoire de Géologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8538), 24 rue Lhomond, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France Abstract Skull and mandibular elements of a tomistomine crocodilian are described from the late Eocene to early Oligocene lignite seams of Krabi, peninsular Thailand. -
Chapter 5 Existing Conditions of Flood and Disaster Management in Bangsamoro
Comprehensive capacity development project for the Bangsamoro Final Report Chapter 5. Existing Conditions of Flood and Disaster Management in Bangsamoro CHAPTER 5 EXISTING CONDITIONS OF FLOOD AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN BANGSAMORO 5.1 Floods and Other Disasters in Bangsamoro 5.1.1 Floods (1) Disaster reports of OCD-ARMM The Office of Civil Defense (OCD)-ARMM prepares disaster reports for every disaster event, and submits them to the OCD Central Office. However, historic statistic data have not been compiled yet as only in 2013 the report template was drafted by the OCD Central Office. OCD-ARMM started to prepare disaster reports of the main land provinces in 2014, following the draft template. Its satellite office in Zamboanga prepares disaster reports of the island provinces and submits them directly to the Central Office. Table 5.1 is a summary of the disaster reports for three flood events in 2014. Unfortunately, there is no disaster event record of the island provinces in the reports for the reason mentioned above. According to staff of OCD-ARMM, main disasters in the Region are flood and landslide, and the two mainland provinces, Maguindanao and Lanao Del Sur are more susceptible to disasters than the three island provinces, Sulu, Balisan and Tawi-Tawi. Table 5.1 Summary of Disaster Reports of OCD-ARMM for Three Flood Events Affected Damage to houses Agricultural Disaster Event Affected Municipalities Casualties Note people and infrastructures loss Mamasapano, Datu Salibo, Shariff Saydona1, Datu Piang1, Sultan sa State of Calamity was Flood in Barongis, Rajah Buayan1, Datu Abdulah PHP 43 million 32,001 declared for Maguindanao Sangki, Mother Kabuntalan, Northern 1 dead, 8,303 ha affected. -
Historical Biology Crocodilian Behaviour: a Window to Dinosaur
This article was downloaded by: [Watanabe, Myrna E.] On: 11 March 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 934811404] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Historical Biology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713717695 Crocodilian behaviour: a window to dinosaur behaviour? Peter Brazaitisa; Myrna E. Watanabeb a Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, USA b Naugatuck Valley Community College, Waterbury, CT, USA Online publication date: 11 March 2011 To cite this Article Brazaitis, Peter and Watanabe, Myrna E.(2011) 'Crocodilian behaviour: a window to dinosaur behaviour?', Historical Biology, 23: 1, 73 — 90 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2011.560723 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2011.560723 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.