USAID AND EAST AFRICA

PEACE III PROGRAM (QUARTERLY/SEMI-ANNUAL) PROGRESS REPORT (AND ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT)

APRIL 2016 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Pact Kenya, and the PEACE III team. USAID KENYA AND EAST AFRICA (PEACE III) FY 2016 Q2 PROGRESS REPORT

1st January – 31st March 2016

Award No AID 623-A-14-00004

Prepared for Josphat Wachira United States Agency for International Development/Kenya C/O American Embassy United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P.O. Box 629, Village Market 00621 , Kenya

Prepared by Pact Kenya

DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.

Table of Contents

I. PEACE III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 2

II. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS (QUALITATIVE IMPACT) ...... 4

Program wide Activities ...... 4 Zone 1 Lower Juba Zone ...... 7 Zone 2: Upper Juba Zone ...... 10 Zone 3: – Gedo Zone ...... 12 Zone 4: Kenya – Moyale Ethiopia Zone ...... 14 Zone 5: Lake Turkana – South Omo ...... 18 Zone 6 Kaabong-Oropo/ Loki- Kapoeta: ...... 20 Zones 7 and 8: Moroto- Loima/West Pokot Amudat (South Karamoja Conflict System) .... 22 Lessons Learned ...... 26

II. ACTIVITY PROGRESS (QUANTITATIVE IMPACT) ...... 26

IV. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ...... 27

V. PERFORMANCE MONITORING ...... 28

VII. PROGRESS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING ...... 29

VIII. PROGRESS ON LINKS TO OTHER USAID PROGRAMS ...... 29

IX. PROGRESS ON LINKS WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ...... 30

XI. SUSTAINABILITY AND EXIT STRATEGY ...... 30

XII. GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT ALLIANCE (IF APPLICABLE) ...... 31

XIII. SUBSEQUENT QUARTER’S WORK PLAN ...... 31

XV. ACTIVITY ADMINISTRATION ...... 32

XVI. GPS INFORMATION ...... 33

ANNEXES & ATTACHMENTS ...... 33

USAID/KENYA (PEACE III) PROGRESS REPORT FOR Q2 FY 2016 i

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AS Al- Shabab BHWFP BeledHawa Women For Peace CBO Community Based Organization CC Climate Change CEWARN Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism CEWERU Conflict Early Warning Early Response Unit COE Council Of Elders CPMR Conflict Prevention Management and Resolution CPU Community Policing Unit CSO Civil Society Organizations CVE Countering Violent Extremism CWG Community Working Group GIS Geographic Information Systems GoE Government of Ethiopia GoK Government of Kenya GTP Global Trauma Project IBTCI International Business and Technical Consultants Inc IED Improvised Explosive Device ISP Institutional Strengthening PLan KDF Kenya Defence Force MoU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRM Natural Resource Management OLF Oromo Liberation Front OPI Organizational Performance Index PREG Partnership for Resilience and Economic Development RFA Request for Proposal TICE Trauma Informed Community Empowerment ToT Training of Trainers UNDP United Nations Development Program

USAID/KENYA (PEACE III) PROGRESS REPORT FOR Q2 FY 2016 1

I. PEACE III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This quarter under review saw the continuation of the Peace III project implementation activities by local partners. Focus was given to ensuring the partners were able to respond to government requests for support by instituting flexible financing and activity planning mechanisms. A number of very successful processes were as such supported during the quarter, such as: the Government’s request for support In reviving its Community Policing Unit (CPU), the ongoing peace processes between the Degodia and Gare communities being facilitated by the Mandera and Wajir County Governments, and the natural resource management agreement being developed between the Turkana, Dassenach and Nyangatom, with facilitation from the South Omo zone, and Government.

Increasing emphasis over the quarter has been given to implementing CVE interventions in the Somali Cluster. This has been driven in part by the funding streams into PEACE III and the increasing challenges of extremism and radicalization seen along the Kenya and border. PEACE III’s focus on CVE is as it relates to peace. The program seeks to address divisions between communities, and between citizens and State structures in order to close the gaps that enable extremism and fuel radicalization. For this the program has worked on issues between the Marehan and Degodia, and Marehan and Gare, where recent deadly attacks By AS have strained relations between some cross- border communities with accusations directed at Marehan.

Focus has also been given to community engagement in security and peace building. The program has supported a number of CPU efforts that enhance communities’ efforts to engage with government on peace and security matters. As quoted by a local female resident, “Security is you and me, nothing else” Mama Muslima. It has also engaged communities to discuss the challenges and opportunities for youth and women with regards to radicalization. Again these initiatives are about trust building, communication and institutional support – using the approaches of peace building to work on CVE.

All Peace Dividend projects have now been handed over to communities and government, to support connectors and improved relations between previously conflicting groups. Partners will continue to follow up on these, to determine the extent to which they are playing a role as peace promoters. The program also spent time and resources looking into two peace dividend projects that were committed under the USAID TIS program in Dobley and Kolbio. Findings from assessments will be available next month to help inform decisions on whether PEACE III moves forward with these.

The Somali Cluster remains a challenging environment to operate, with issues of access, security and suspicion. The security wall being constructed by the GoK will pose additional challenges to this cross border program, as well as the communities living in these areas. PEACE III will continue to follow these development and engage with our national partners to influence and adapt.

In Karamoja shift have been made towards integrating climate change and conflict programming. This is again due to funding interests but also as some areas of the zone have seen an intensification of conflict due to drought, or require consolidation of peaceful relationships through the establishment of clearer resource management arrangements. A recent meeting with government to share findings of a study on climate change and conflict indicated the lack of connections made between sectors. One Natural Resources Officer from Turkana County said “we have never thought that peace building activities are relevant to our work in NRM”. PEACE III brought together officials in charge of conflict USAID/KENYA (PEACE III) PROGRESS REPORT FOR Q2 FY 2016 2

and peace building, NRM, water, land and urban development in , West Pokot to communicate the final assessment findings, sensitize them further, and strengthen the links between the departments of natural resources and peace building. As a result, each district/county developed a simple action plan with initiatives that address CC, NRM and conflict The program has supported the development of resource sharing and management agreements between parties in different stages of conflict. This focus on climate change adaptation through a resilience pathway sees an approach premised in the belief that if communities are stable and peaceful, with improved relationships that enables communal use of resources, then their resilience to stress and shocks increases. PEACE III thus supported the Loyolo agreement between Turkana and Dodoth that has enabled Turkana to access pasture and water in Uganda, and is also supporting the agreement process between the Dassenech and Turkana that will allow access to water and pasture in Todonyang area of Turkana, by the Dassenech. The greatest challenge to work in the Karamoja cluster at present is the continued conflict in South Sudan. This makes access extremely difficult and has resulted in significant humanitarian crises for communities. The USG response to this has also limited PEACE IIIs abilities to affectively engage the South Sudanese government both regionally and locally. This not only affects our work in South Sudan, but the whole cluster given the central role that South Sudan is currently playing in insecurity, whether it be through arms proliferation, displacement and vulnerability. At the regional level great progress has been made on the relationship between PEACE III and the IGAD-CEWARN system. A Memorandum of Understanding has been drafted, ready for signature which will hopefully strengthen the engagement and enable the development of work streams.

The beginning of the coming quarter will see the program teams engaged in the joint work planning in each of the zones in which the program is operating. This will support the development of more strategic workplans that speak to the work completed to date, the changing contexts and mapped out change processes that contribute to peace and security. These will be submitted to USAID for approval as they are finalized and new grant agreements will be developed for partners.

In addition the program will be concentrating on a number of areas: 1) the development of coherent communications systems, strategies and outputs, 2) discussions with GTP on next steps with Trauma Healing and the development of a plan to better implement and learn from trauma-informed work, 3) the implementation of collaborative efforts with CEWARN and national CEWERUs, particularly in Kenya and Uganda, 4) the finalization of the CEWARN MoU

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II. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS (QUALITATIVE IMPACT)

Program wide Activities This quarter has seen the program concentrating on reflecting and learning from the implementation of the previous year, and planning for the year ahead with the team, local and national partners.

PEACE III has a vast geographical area of operation, and learning has been both on approaches that are common, as well as issues of contextualization and nuance. Planning has centered on aligning the program both to a changing context and new funding streams, such as climate change and CVE.

Investing in Trauma Healing: In this quarter the program has continued to invest in trauma healing methodologies, to improve our understanding of what approaches are most appropriate to addressing trauma within our program and to build awareness and capacities Trainers delivering the TICE framework

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in others. In March a Trauma Informed Community Empowerment (TICE) ToT-level training was held in Nairobi for experienced peace builders from across PEACE III’s operational areas. The participants were chosen due to their previous levels of experience in peace building and healing, with the aim of building their skills in the TICE methodology so that they may continue to support the healing work being rolled out across the program. The training was delivered by WPUT and GTP.

Across the program discussions have also been ongoing on where and how trauma healing should be incorporated. In Karamoja cluster, where TH work under PEACE III is just beginning, specific groups have been targeted who have been specifically impacted by conflict and who are also working towards peace. Three groups have been targeted namely Kalya, Sachat (Zone 8-West Pokot-Kenya) and Kaabong Youth Peace Ambassadors (Zone 6-Kaabong-Uganda). Kaabong Peace Ambassadors have undergone 5 of 12 sessions while the other two groups have undergone 4 out of 12 sessions. Kalya is a group of reformed warriors, Sachat is a group of women most of them widows or those who lost their children due to conflict while Kaabong Peace Ambassadors are also a group of reformed warriors who fled to South Sudan at the height disarmament in Uganda but later returned and denounced raiding.

For these groups it is too early to talk of reconciliation but these healing sessions are important steps towards it. Some women have said they have started helping others in the community to reflect on the past. Youth in Alare-Pokot have also suggested that their rivals in Lorengipik-Turkana undergo the same TH sessions-evidence that they are increasingly seeing the importance of it. After the three groups undergo 12 sessions of Trauma Healing, facilitators will hold a reflection session to document lessons and what need to be adjusted.

Working with local CBO/ NGO partners: One of PEACE III’s main objectives is to build the capacity of the local partners. The program recognizes the multiple ways in which capacity can be built, such as mentoring, training, collaborative working and technical guidance, and each of these types of support are provided by the PEACE II team to its partners throughout their grant cycles. The program conducted OPI assessments for APD, FoAID and WCC during the quarter, with participation of board members and key staff with institutional memory. Each organization went through the assessment process which entailed OPI and TCA (technical capacity assessments). Below are the scores of the organizations based on a scale of 1-41. The Overall OPI scores shows that all partners are just above the halfway mark in terms of organizational performance while technical capacity is above average at 75% of the organizations. The assessment process led to the development of an Institutional Strengthening Plan (ISP) for each organization to be implemented over one year. The ISPs list the priority gaps identified from the assessment process and list interventions intended to enable the organization to address these gaps.

Organization Overall OPI Scores by sub-category Technical Capacity Name OPI Score Assessment Effectiveness Efficiency Relevance Sustainability (PBCM) (ICM)

WCC 2.1 1.5 2.5 3 1.5 2.58 3.5

FoAID 2.1 2 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.13 2.73 APD 2.1 2 2 2.5 2 2.66 2.33

1 1 is the lowest score an organization can get and 4 is the highest score

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The fruits of cross border partnership.

PEACE III builds the capacity of the partner organizations to play a key role in the community including influencing the local authorities. KYBI managed to meet the expectation when the organization influenced the County Governmnet of to support the communities living in the cross-border areas in the construction of a dispensary at Ishakani expected to serve the communities of Raskiamboni also. The two cross border communities will benefit from this amenity since the people from Ras Kiamboni will need to travel a shorter distance due to proximity of Ishakani to the border compared to seeking medical services at Kiunga. The committee which was formed to oversee the construction has members from both Ishakani and Ras Kiamboni. In addition to this the dispensary will acts as a symbol of peace and unifying factor between the two cross border communities as a result of co-managing and co-sharing this dispensary.

Many of PEACE III’s partners were finalizing their first grant cycle in this quarter. As such the program team conducted informal reviews of their performance to date and discussed whether to retain the existing partners or issue another RFA. It was decided that all partners had performed to a level that warranted retaining them. This would also ensure continuation of investment, and enable the ISPs that have been developed to be continued. The PEACE III team will be organizing work planning sessions at the zonal level during the next quarter to assist partners in developing collaborative work plans for the coming cycle. The continuation of these partners does not preclude the program from bringing on additional partners who may cover thematic areas of work, or operate at a national level.

Partnership with CEWARN: During this quarter PEACE III leadership met with CEWARN’s new interim Director to discuss areas of cooperation between the two programs. These discussions led to the drafting of a MoU which spelled out areas of collaboration, and ways in which the two program’s may communicate and engage. (see annex) The MoU has now been finalized and approved by both programs and USAID and is due to be signed at the next available opportunity.

Over the course of this quarter strides have also been made to improve the engagement between the program and national CEWERUs. Once the MoU is signed this engagement will be more structured and planned. At present more regular meetings, and engagement have taken place with the Kenyan and Ugandan CEWERUs for both information sharing and planning. In the Karamoja Cluster, the program has been encouraging a peer-to-peer learning initiative between Uganda and South Sudanese CEWERU. In February the PEACE III CoP and Karamoja Program Director travelled to Juba accompanied by the Uganda CEWERU to meet the CEWERU and discuss how Uganda CEWERU can provide more support to it. The program will keep engaging the South Sudan CEWERU to the extent possible in the framework of the USG regulations.

In March 2016, PEACE III held a meeting with the Office of the Prime Minister in Uganda to discuss the progress of Peace Policy Development in Uganda. In the meeting, it was noted that the process is still on going and had been halted by the elections period. The post elections violence that characterized the country calls even more for conflict management structures and mechanisms. The tension and standoff that emanated from election disputes and failure of institutions to initiate a viable conflict resolution process vindicates the development of a Peace Policy.

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Zone 1 Garissa Lower Juba Zone

Zone 1 comprises of the cross-border areas of , and Lower Juba of Somalia. It stretches from the Coastal towns of Kiunga in Kenya and Raskiamboni in Somalia to Liboi and Dobley cross-border towns stretching through Boni forest. The area is characterized by clan differences between the Maqabul and Abdalla in the Hulugho- Kolbio corridor and the Bajuni and Somali in the Kiunga - Raskiamboni corridor, with power differences destabilizing the balance. Other communities in the zone include the Mohamed Zubeir, Auliyahan and Sheekhal mainly in the Dobley- Liboi corridor. The zone witnessed a number of terror incidents that were executed by suspected Al- Shabab militia who are believed to be launching their attacks from Boni Forest and other towns in Somalia.These include the Mpeketoni and Pandaguo attacks and the Garissa University attack, which resulted in loss of life, displacement and livelihoods impacts. Kenyan security forces have increased their operations with the view of expelling AS from Boni forest and other possible hide outs, with some indications of progress owing to the drop in the incidents registered recently. The government of Kenya also continues to construct the wall separating Somalia and Kenya aimed at reducing infiltration by AS even as the militia members try to destabilize the construction of the wall. The wall if completed will greatly affect the operation of partner organizations, and program as a whole.

In response to these challenges the program has been working to strengthen cross border conflict management and local security institutions, whilst also continuing to work to reduce divisions and mistrust between the different border communities.

Building capacities in CM and local security: IWFP conducted CPMR training for the newly formed peace committee in Hulugho and local administration officials from Hulugho. The previous peace committee was dissolved by the local administration and politicians due to the perception that members were sympathizers of AS. 2The newly created peace committee of 15 members draws its membership from all the satellite villages near the Kolbio/Hulugho border and is inclusive of all clans in the corridor. Following the training the new peace committee will contribute to improving the connections between the sub-clans of the Abdalla while attempting to eliminate the suspicions which is developing. The committee will also collect and share early warning information and analyse emerging issues related to radicalization. The program will continue to support this.

KYBI conducted a training on community policing and crime prevention in March 2016 to create partnership between the communities and the local government for crime prevention, and to build confidence and trust among the cross-border communities. The Kiunga CPU became inactive and inefficient when the threat of extremists groups grew and targeted community members who worked with the security agencies. At the request of the security department this training helped to reorganize and revitalize the CPU, identifying new members from both Kiunga and Raskamboni. The

2 The peace committee chairman hailed from the Abdikarim sub-clan of the Abdalla, which some known middle-level AS leaders hail from.

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committee comprises of members from the community and the local government and is chaired by a community member, with the police chief as secretary.

The restructured CPU will serve as a link between communities and security agencies at Raskiamboni and Kiunga. Agreements were made to conduct monthly meetings, and engage in crime prevention and information sharing

The CPU in Kiunga, responded to a conflict over the ownership of land by Bajuni and Somali communities. Learning from methodologies introduced through PEACE III it was resolved that land will be designated as community land upon which a slaughter house will be constructed by the Lamu county government and which will be co-shared and co-managed by both communities.

Reducing community divisions: KYBI conducted a cultural celebration that brought together all the communities including Boni, Bajuni, Gosha and Somali living in Kiunga/Raskamboni. The cultural celebration enabled communities to appreciate each other’s cultures and diversity. During the event the communities celebrated together and show-cased how culture could be a means of livelihood; appreciating the role that minority communities play in these communities. The activity gave a Community members take part in Berey Dance which is Boni platform for administrators and local Community dance security officials to sensitize the communities on the “Nyumba Kumi” initiative and appealed to the communities to share information with the government.

This celebration was attended by other stakeholders including World Wildlife Fund (WWF) which appreciated the opportunity for communities to interact, strengthen and build relations, and co-exist peacefully. The organization committed to support funding the cultural festivals in the coming years. This day was declared as a cultural festival day by all communities present and will be celebrated every 15th January. Lamu county government also committed to set up funds to support future cultural festivals.

The cultural celebration concluded a series of related activities that KYBI have implemented including a youth and a women’s forum. These forums identified cultural intolerance as a cause of conflicts in the area, and a threat for radicalization of youth, particularly those from marginal groups. They also resulted in the formation of youth groups that have engaged in sports to promote peace in Kiunga and Raskamboni, and formed sporting clubs which have attracted support from different institutions.

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Abdillahi Dirie, Raskiamboni Administrator hands over sports gear and balls to the coach.

In this quarter the clubs secured the support of Raskiamboni administration which procured sports gear and balls. Members of these clubs are also acting as role models for other youth to emulate and form additional teams. The sporting activities engage the cross-border youth, preventing idleness, and help in creating interactions between communities leading to improvement in relationships.

Two peace dividend projects were handed over to the line departments and communities in Hulugho and Dobley. These projects are expected to enhance relationships between the cross-border communities through co-sharing or co-managing of the projects.

In the Hulugho-Kolbio corridor a maternity wing constructed in Hulugho will help improve access by women from both cross-border areas, and ultimately improve relations and information exchange between the communities. Prior to the handover, a training was given to members of the CWGs, peace committee and hospital management committee. This covered issues of maintenance and reiterated the value of the structure for peaceful coexistence. During the handover ceremony the health officials reiterated that maternity services were free and any complications during delivery would be referred to Garissa hospital at no cost, including mothers from Kolbio, Somalia. PEACE III partner in the corridor: IWFP will be continue to track and report on the utilization of the project by the cross border communities.

Health Officials and community members celebrate the handing over of Hulugho maternity wing and unveiling of the plaque

Dobley livestock market was constructed to help in strengthening the trading relationship between the different communities living along the border, including the Sheekhal, Auliyahan, Mohamed Zubeir and Makabul. Prior to this, the nearest livestock market that served the cross-border areas was 200km away at Garissa. The market was handed over and was preceded by one day training of the livestock management committee that focused on maintenance, cost recovery, conflict management at the market, and information sharing with other regional markets.

Two committees were established; one on conflict resolution and the other on management of the market with members from both Liboi and Dobley. To support the markets operationalization the administration requested WASDA to equip a recently drilled borehole close to the market. This was completed and will contribute to the awaited operationalization process. PEACE III will follow up with the administration to ensure that traders are mobilized and links made to livestock programs.

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Dobley Administrator Mr. Siyat cuts the tape during the handing over of the market.

Anti-radicalization efforts: The risk of radicalization is high along the Kenya-Somalia border and there is real concern by the local administrations, peace actors, communities and parents of youth. APD therefore conducted a forum for women to help in detecting early signs of radicalization so that timely action and response can be provided. The women were identified through the chiefs and sub-chiefs as those engaged in peace activities. The women formed a committee among themselves comprising of 6 mothers from Amuma and Waldena to lead other mothers in an effort to reduce and discourage radicalization. The women promised to take up an immediate action involving all women in Amuma and Waldena to mobilize and create awareness on their strengths and the roles they can play in de- radicalization. APD will continue to support the women in addressing these challenges and help build their capacity. Women can play an integral role in peace building and de-radicalization if they are engaged in all stages. Women’s roles include acting as powerful role models against violent extremism, shaping family and social norms, as well as advocating for tolerance and societal engagement. Zone 2: Wajir Upper Juba Zone

Zone 2 is characterized by the presence of AS militia members in Konton and Daresalam who are suspected to be allied to ISIS. The zone is also characterized by high levels of mistrust between communities. After a KDF camp was attacked in Somalia, and arrests were made by KDF there have been accusations between the Degodia and Marehan. The Marehan who live on the Somali side of the border accused the Degodia of influencing the arrests, suspecting members of the Degodia of spying for the KDF and straining the already shaky relations. Recent conflict between the Gare and Degodia, following the killing of four men over scarce resources, is still being handled with support from the program after a request from the government. Although there remains an underlying boundary dispute the communities are showing evidence of possible settlement of the issue. PEACE III organized a number of activities to defuse tensions between these communities, including dialogues, and peace rallies in previous quarters. And continues to support the communities in improving their relations. USAID/KENYA (PEACE III) PROGRESS REPORT FOR Q2 FY 2016 10

In response to these challenges the program continues to focus on the improvement and consolidation of relations between the different communities living across the borders in this zone.

Hon. Mohamed Elmi, MP Wajir East addresses the delegates during Kotulo Dialogue

Reducing community divisions: A follow-up dialogue to the previous activities held in the last quarter between the Gare and Degodia was held to discuss the resolutions earlier agreed upon. This dialogue was requested by the MPs from Wajir East and Mandera South after receiving reports of disagreements over the level of implementation of the resolutions from communities. FoAID and WPDA jointly facilitated this dialogue, which engaged county representatives, local administrators and security agents from both counties. Following the meeting a 14 member joint committee from the two clans was constituted. The committee’s role is to deliberate on disputed resources and boundaries, work closely with local MPs, visit hot spot areas to sensitize communities on peaceful coexistence, and liaise with MPs, civil society and national government and update them on the implementation of the resolutions. Other resolutions included an agreement on no new settlements or utilization of disputed land for any development, and visiting the injured to determine compensation. The 14 member are specifically expected to agree on the border between the two counties and advise the area MPs who will take up the issue of finalizing this with the government. Further meetings on this are expected in the following quarter.

The handover of the Diff-Diff road peace dividend took place in this quarter potentially contributing to CVE efforts as bushes have been cleared and pot holes filled and graded. During the PLA and validation exercises the community members claimed Al-shabaab militants could use the bushy areas along the roads as a hideout to conduct cross border raids, kidnaps and IEDS. The road connects Diif Kenya of Wajir County and Diif Somalia of Jubbaland authority and serves as a trade link to a number of other towns. The road improvement has also eased cross border movement thus enhancing interaction of cross-border communities. The handing over was preceded by a one day meeting attended by CWGs, local administration and members of the peace committee which discussed the utilization and how it will serve as a connector. APD will be expected to report on the challenges associated with the utilization of the road

Enhancing intergovernmental engagement: WPDA facilitated a cross border local authorities meeting in Wajir town providing an opportunity for the local authorities from both sides of the border to discuss partnership and networking, sharing of intelligence information and strengthening of peace actors. Other issues discussed included violent extremism among the youth who are seen to be vulnerable to joining AS militia. The DC from Gerilley Somalia noted that (in) “a country that has no peace, terrorists will take advantage, hence becoming a breeding ground for extremism”. This indicates an understanding of the need to focus on community peace as a CVE strategy. The meeting targeted officials form Gerilley Somalia and the border sub-counties of Wajir East, Wajir South and Tarbaj. Key officials included deputy county commissioners from 3 sub counties, Assistant County

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Commissioners, Chiefs and representatives of county government, and the Administrator of Gherilley, Somalia. The key outcomes included the consensus on the need to form cross border community policing units that will enhance information sharing. The program will be following up on this request in the coming quarter.

Zone 3: Mandera – Gedo Zone

Zone 3 is a large area covering Mandera region in Kenya, Gedo area in Somali and Dollo Ado area in Ethiopia. The area has seen several extremists’ attacks included the quarry attack where 36 civilians were killed and the bus attack where 28 people were killed over the past year. Other attacks include the targeting of civilians in Mandera with 14 people killed in one incident. Certain areas within the region including Lafey- Arabiya- Fino areas are avoided due to the frequent attacks by AS militia members effectively rendering some roads impassable. The recent El Ade attack and suspicion of AS sympathizers among communities has furthered the mistrust between the Gare of Elwak in Kenya and Marehan of the Gedo region in Somalia.

This zone particularly on the Kenyan and Ethiopian border area of the region is also the epicenter of the Gare- Degodia conflict, with the key driver in the conflict believed to be election related. PEACE III plans to work with the CEWERU Kenya to implement a civic education component to encourage healthy political competition, and acceptance of results.

Activities by PEACE III in this quarter centred on improving relations between conflicting communities, working with government and communities to recognize the value and mechanisms for greater community engagement in local peace and security, and support to deradicalization efforts.

Community involvement in peace and security: Relations between the community members and the security forces have often been uneasy in Mandera complicated by incidents of terror and the need for the authorities to provide security. At the request of the local security department of Mandera. MDPC conducted a consultative forum between districts authorities and communities drawn from BeletHawa, Mandera and Suftu aimed at building trust between the local authorities and communities and allow flow of information and intelligence sharing. The meeting resolved to form a joint tripartite peace committee which will be tasked with the management of peace and security in the corridor. MDPC supported the constitution of this committee, consisting of 30 members, 10 from each country. A ToR for the day to day operations of the peace committee and guidelines for their operations were developed. The committee then elected 3 members, with one representative from each country, who will be in charge of liaising with the 3 local governments.

Within its work to strengthen the relationship between the local administrations, community and cross border security the program also supported the reviving of the CPU in Mandera. With support from the security department, the institution was reorganized and trained. The program will support continued initiatives to enhance the relations between the security agencies and community representatives

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including the CPU. These include capacity enhancement for the CPU and efforts to encourage partnership with the security department.

Reducing community divisions: FOAID held a CPMR forum for peace committee, CoEs and religious leaders in Elram and Ausquran. This was occasioned by recent mistrust and suspicion between the Gare and Marehaan communities over the arrest of 8 Marehaan elders in Elwak, by KDF forces, who were suspected to have links with AS. The Marehaan community suspected that the Gare were behind these arrests, leading to a deterioration of the communities’ relationships. These issues led to a request by key clan actors for a platform to discuss prevention of possible conflicts between the two clans.

Participants who attended the CPU training held in Mandera

In order to build trust the forum resolved to form a joint information sharing and peace coordination committee mandated to mobilize communities in their respective locations to propagate peace, and work closely with community and religious leaders in conflict resolution. PEACE III were tasked to continue to provide communities with opportunities to address their issues and discuss suspicions while efforts will be geared towards fostering community peaceful co-existence. Focus will be given to ensuring conflicts between the communities are peacefully managed, and ensuring extremist groups cannot take advantage of clan differences to promote radical views. Community elders from Elram and Ausqurun suggested strategies to counter radicalization such as preaching and reintegration. The joint information sharing and peace coordination committee resolved to engage women, clan elders, religious leaders and youth leaders, from the two locations to identify and respond to early signs of radicalization. They will also work closely with the peace committee that works in the sub-region.

WCC conducted youth forums in Damassa and Elwak to discuss similar issues around community divisions and the radicalization of youth. This activity was held due to the constant attacks on vehicles by AS along the Damassa – Mandera route, and the constant crossing of the border by AS to preach in Kenyan villages and entice youth to join them. There is perception by the Murule that the AS in this area pass through Marehaan territory and thus are sympathizers of AS. Marehaan on the other hand perceive that Murulle are the ones who spy for the KDF against innocent persons who are then tortured, thus creating further mistrusts. The forum was aimed at also creating awareness radicalization of the youth and agreed to organize sports tournament between the cross-border youth.

Elsewhere in zone 3, the Suftu community hall was handed over to local government and communities. The handover preceded by a three day training of the project management committee of 21 members on conflict management, good governance and leadership, mediation skills, communication and networking. The committee will be responsible for continuing the management of the community social hall through the collection of levies to maintain the facility. The hall was constructed to provide a

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safe space for communities and government to carry out their peace and conflict management activities. It will also be used for social gatherings including weddings, celebrations, and community meetings.

IAG, and MDPC will continue to track the utilization of the hall. This will capture the number of beneficiaries utilizing the hall from the diverse communities, the challenges during the sharing, additional support by other actors and how the project has strengthened the cross border relationships.

Anti-radicalization efforts: DLMC conducted a forum on radicalization targeting teachers, parents, religious leaders and chiefs attended by 36 participants in Rhamu. This forum was identified during the previous youth forum held in Moyale, which raised the importance of engaging school-age children in de-radicalization efforts. The large numbers of small arms in the area and idle youth who are often well trained, as well as the proximity to Mandera increases the threat of radicalization of youth. Teachers have been tasked to emphasize extra curricula activities to engage pupils, while religious leaders were tasked Sheikh Osman of Rhamu explaining the dangers associated with to preach in mosques and road side radicalization of the youth and a group discussion on the same. rallies to discourage youth from being enticed into militia and radical groups. Chiefs were mandated to carry out public barazas and warn the communities of the dangers of recruitment and engagement in militia groups and to implore communities to share information with the local administration. DLMC will support the chiefs in organizing the barazas . Similar activities conducted in the nearby corridors will help

Zone 4: Moyale Kenya – Moyale Ethiopia Zone

Zone 4 experiences attacks by the out-lawed Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). The militants are then pursued by Ethiopian military into County in Kenya, impacting cross border villages around Mio in Ethiopia and Sololo in Kenya. OLF were suspected to have killed a chief in Dukale-Mio District and abducted over 20 Kenyan villagers from Anona and Ramole villages in Sololo District. A contingent of the Kenyan administration and police responded and on their way were ambushed with their patrol car sprayed with bullets by Ethiopian military. Unfortunately three officers lost their lives and three others were injured. The GoE suspects Sololo area of Kenya to be providing a safe haven for the OLF who attacks Ethiopian villages. In Ethiopia it is

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suspected that the OLF is recruiting students from schools in Ethiopia emboldened by the student protests to the Addis Ababa expansion plan by the GoE which was buying farms around the city at low prices or confiscating the land from Oromo communities. On the eastern side of the zone, areas around Mubarak, and Malkamari in Ethiopia and Banisa in Kenya recently witnessed clashes between the Degodia and Gare communities claiming the lives of many people. The GoE’s attempt to politically solve the issue between the communities by creating Dawa Zone, in Region 5 dominated by the Gare might be an opportunity. On the other hand it may cause further divisions and competitions amongst the communities, as has been the result elsewhere of the GoE’s ethnic federalism approach.

In response to these challenges PEACE III focuses on strengthening intergovernmental relations between Ethiopia and Kenya, as well as specific work to improve and consolidate community relations. It also works on enhancing the mechanisms and institutions for conflict management to enable the peaceful management of future conflicts. Enhancing intergovernmental engagement: SND and IAG organized a high level meeting at Dukale for local governments from Kenya and Ethiopia, and community leaders. This was in response to cross- border incursions where 3 police officers were killed in November 2015 that resulted in the closure of the border and paralyzing cross-border business. The meeting resulted in the opening of the Kenya – Ethiopia border at Sololo/Mio which allowed cross border business to normalize. The meeting declared the OLF as a regional issue and one that should not result in the punishment of the local population living along the border. The communities also condemned a new militia group (Duragora ) who have been terrorizing Ethiopians citizens especially in Dukale. The chief of Sololo Town was tasked to take legal action against any youths found assaulting Ethiopian citizens. This meeting will be followed by an Intergovernmental Meeting planned by the CEWARN in the coming quarter.

Government officials and peace actors attending a meeting in Dukale, Ethiopia Enhancing Inter-governmental engagement: On the eastern side of the zone NEPED conducted a workshop involving 30 local government administrators, the MCA Guba and areas chiefs from Eymole Kenya and Mubarak Ethiopia. It aimed to increase collaboration and improve the relationship between the local cross border authorities of Ethiopia and Kenya to tackle mistrust stemming from the protracted Gare and Degodia conflict, and the Ethiopian claims that the Kenyan government are harboring AS. On several occasions there were attacks on the Gares in Ethiopia by alleged AS, resulting in death of 2 persons and the loss of 40 livestock. In retaliatory action Gare militia crossed the border to Kenya and

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killed eight people in Choroqo and drove away 80 camels into Ethiopia. It has been suggested that the T alleged involvementh of AS could be being used by the communities to garner support from the military against theire rival community.

An importantM outcome of this meeting activity was the immediate enactment of an agreement which saw the return ofa 8 cows by the Degodia community in Kenya, to the Gares in Ethiopia. This was facilitated by the MCA andi is a change from the past where recovery of stolen livestock was never practiced. A key suggestion k remains the proposal by both communities was the disarmament of both clans, with o compensation for these arms. n a Travel Route during the rallies 1). Teltele/ - Orbate Hobok - Sarru/sabbaru -Teltele 2). Mubarak – Eymole - Moyale Region 5 - Moyale (Kenya) 3).MoyaleD Region 4 - Kebele 02 – Mado - Arbale - Moyale (Kenya) Moyale Ethiopia u k Reducing Communitya Divisions: IAG conducted a peace campaign covering Moyale Kenya, Moyale Ethiopia, Mubarakn and Teltele – areas that had previously experienced inter-clan conflicts in Southern Ethiopia alonga the border with Kenya. The campaign targeted elders, youth & women to engage and

mobilize themp in peace building processes among different conflicting clans. The campaign sought to boost the ceonfidence and self-esteem of youth and women by engaging them in the campaign. This helped thema recognize their role as major actors and challenge resistance from local institutions, and customary cinstitution leaders. e

The peace campaign involved district administration, women representatives from the Office of a Women Affairsg and customary institution leaders. The peace caravan inspired the different community members tor play a vital role in peace process leading to elders from most woredas asking IAG to facilitate thee resumption of peace talks between the Gare and Degodia that had been discontinued a year earlier.e “…There is not anything one can gain from conflict. No child born in conflict except losing the life of manym youth. Peaceful coexistence is the only means that enables all people to sustain on a e very scarce resource available, enjoy development and prosperity.” Hawi Isak, Member of Parliament n Oromia regionalt state. As a result of this request, the campaign was followed by peace dialogues,

Hawi isak, Members Parlament (MP) of the Oromia regional state and Nuria, chairperson of women peace network of Moyale region 4, while conveying peace message a r e

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e USAID/KENYAn (PEACE III) PROGRESS REPORT FOR Q2 FY 2016 16 t

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undertaken for the cross border communities. The communities identified the need to provide support for peace committees operating in both sides of the border to meet regularly and address conflict through peaceful dialogue. This may include reviewing existing agreements such as the Maikona/Dukana peace agreements3.

SND organized a soccer tournament in Moyale Kenya which brought together 16 teams from 3 locations in Moyale, Kenya. The tournament helped enhance trust building and unity among the Boran, Burji and Gabra youth in Moyale. The Moyale subcounty peace forum representatives participated in the event together with KDF local representatives. Local administration in Moyale provided security during to avoid scuffles and to stop any peace spoilers. These tournaments contributed community healing and imparted values and life skills including leadership, teamwork, conflict resolutions and discipline.

MABU team from Manyatta Burji in Moyale and handing over of the trophy

The event was preceded by a reconciliation activity which was made at the request of the local government and Sub-county peace forum following a scuffle which took place in Moyale over a botched volley ball tournament organized by CDF. SND conducted the meeting on 14th of March 2016 which was attended by high profile members of the sub county officials including Assistant County Commissioner, Deputy Sub county Administrators, Deputy OCS and head of administration Police, Chairman Sub County Peace Forums among others.

In Qadaduma, Ethiopia, a water pan was handed over to the cross border communities of Qadaduma in Ethiopia and Gurar in Kenya on 22nd January 201. This was preceded by a three day training of the project management committee. The training commenced with a site visit to the water pan which is 5km away from Qadaduma town to inspect the works done and to familiarize the persons on the various infrastructure and the purpose of each. The training covered leadership and governance, conflict management, operation and maintenance of the peace dividend and record keeping. Following the training 5 office bearers were selected and a dispute management committee of 8 members

3 The application of the legal component of the Dukana declaration was due to difficulties encountered to getting witnesses to concretize the case to take the necessary measure by court. Later on the application lost acceptance by lawyers of some woredas and thus faces challenges related to enforcing it.

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elected from both Qadaduma and Gurar. The project will contribute to the improvement of relations between the cross-border through co-sharing of the water source.

Mobilizing youth against radicalization: NEPED conducted a youth forum in Takaba which brought together youth from Degodia and to share common views and strategies on peacebuilding and encourage community integration. The discussions also centered around youth radicalization informed by recent rumors on movement and possible attacks by AS on Garre and Degodia villages, and discussions from the previous youth forum in Moyale that confirmed the threat of radicalization in the area. The meeting observed that those attracted are school-going children, school dropouts, militias and unemployed youth who perceive that joining militia groups is a source of livelihood. The session sensitized the youth on the negative impact of radicalization and discouraged them from joining radical groups. There is growing concern that the exposure of children and young people in this region to violence has led to a pool of vulnerable youths whose world view has been shaped and influenced by a culture of intolerance, radicalism and violence. This particularly affects the young adults between the ages of 18 to 20 years when the influence of the parents is quite minimal.

SND also conducted a forum aimed at building resilience of youth to radicalization. Many young men and women in have been recorded missing by their families. The two days brought together teachers, police, women, sub county peace forum members, religious leaders and youths. Several issues were discussed including factors that lead to radicalization, the effects of radicalization, the roles of key actors in de-radicalization processes and the way forward in CVE.

The presence of senior police officers among the participants created an enabling environment and a lively exchange of ideas and fruitful discussions. The Moyale Sub County Criminal Investigation Officer (DCIO) shared without mentioning names that there exist sympathizers of extremist groups in Moyale and attempted recruitments of youths to terrorist groups. He divulged of three minors who are on the ATPU watch list and a teacher suspected of being an Al-Shabaab recruiter in Moyale. Participants were urged to share information on suspicious elements within the society with the relevant authorities and at the same time were assured of maximum protection and confidentiality. PEACE III will work closely with a 15 member committee established during the meeting to lead on CVE issue in the area including information sharing and provision of early warning information.

Zone 5: Lake Turkana – South Omo

This zone can be divided into three corridors namely Todonyang/Omorate, Kokuro area and Kibish/Elemi. The corridor of Todonyang/Omorate has experienced a reduction in conflicts over grazing rights compared to the previous quarter. The evidence is that the Dassenach-of Ethiopia have recently been allowed to graze in Todonyang in-Kenya. Also, around Lake Turkana, there is a reduction in conflict among the fishing communities due to peace efforts by the cross border fishing committee that was formed by PEACE III. Around Kibish and Elemi triangle, there are reports of escalating violence as a result of a militia groups from South Sudan operating in this area that have

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been attacking the Turkana around the border. Between Kibish and Todonyang, the area of Kokuro is occupied by two Turkana clans of Kwatela and Ngissiger who conflict with the latter said to be allied to the Ethiopian Dassenach. The Kwatela were mentioned as a key peace spoiler by the Dassenach who requested their participation in the yet to be signed resource sharing agreement.

According to PEACE III partner SAPCONE “the trend of conflict between the Dassenach, Nyangatom (Ethiopia) and Turkana (Kenya) was towards a reduction in violent incidences in the usually volatile cross border areas”. This contrasted with their reports in the last quarter.

This change can be attributed to many factors of which the major ones are:  Heightened engagement by the two governments and partners;  Pressure on the side of Dassenach due to narrowing of their original land from irrigation and;  Conflict fatigue leading to a “mutually hurting stalemate” that is forcing the two communities to negotiate and reconcile.

PEACE strategy and approach was shaped by varying contexts in the zone. We see a reduction of conflict in one corridor (Lake area), an escalation in another around Kibish and Elemi triangle and an internal conflict around Kokuro. There has been increased focus on working with the local governments, facilitating resource sharing agreements, and strengthening of cross border peace structures.

Facilitating the development of resource sharing agreements (see also Success Stories): In March 2016, PEACE III supported the TCG and South Omo leadership to bring together Turkana and Dassenach local leaders, and conducted several community level sensitization meetings on resource sharing. This has resulted in the Dassenach from Ethiopia grazing their animals on the Kenya side. To ensure long term commitment, a draft resource sharing agreement (see annex) will be signed between the two communities. There were broad consultations over resource sharing that included women, youth and general community to feed into the development of this agreement. This included a women’s consultative meeting at Koro at the request of the Women Consultative meeting at Koro-Ethiopia during a resource sharing agreement negotiations Turkana. This process followed on from the Arba Minch meeting that took place during the last quarter between Tukana County and South Omo zonal governments and laid the ground work for cooperation and dialogue between communities.

Strengthening local peace institutions: Last year, PEACE III supported the formation of a cross border fishing committee around Lake Turkana as a way of enhancing cross border collaboration. In January 2016, SAPCONE and PDC organized training for the cross border fish committees to reflect on their work and strengthen closer collaboration.

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This cross border fish committee has significantly increased collaboration, resolution of conflicts and reduction in thefts of gears.

For example, a reconciliation meeting was held in March 2016 between the Turkana and Dassenach, during which the latter said ”Dassenech community has appreciated the idea of reconciliation”. They said that they are fed up of conflicts that cause killings, injury and destruction of resources. They mentioned that the current situation on the lake is calm since the cross border fishing Cross Border fishing committees in a training session in Todonyang committee was formed and dialogues held at the beginning of 2016.

Reducing community divisions: The border between the Nyangatom and Turkana communities had closed last year due to conflict. A series of dialogues were held by the two governments, with support from PDC and SAPCONE, aimed at sensitizing communities on peace and security, resource sharing including water, pasture and infrastructure, and reconciliation. As a result of these dialogues the border reopened in January and communities are communicating. This is significant and indicates that with continued engagement between local governments, sustained peace is possible

Zone 6 Kaabong-Oropo/ Loki- Kapoeta:

There remains a power vacuum in South Sudan created by: the dissolution of the state governments and creation of new ones; warlords who do not respect administration, drought, and disputed fertile land that lie between the borders. An additional new factor is the oil wells around Mogilla Mountains which the Toposa of Kapoeta claim is in disputed area. The worst escalation occurred mid-March 2016 where suspected Turkana warriors raided 2000 livestock of the Toposa4. This has heightened tensions and the Toposa are considering retaliation. In collaboration with Kapoeta East County government and KDI, PEACE III partners are urging restraint and making reference to the December 2015 Nadapal agreement, while the Turkana County government tracks and recovers the stolen livestock. The other corridors between Turkana/Kaabong and Kaabong/Kapoeta/Budi have been affected by the elections in Uganda. This diverted the attention of security forces and created a large security gap that was exploited by warriors, who executed several raids. This corridor has alliances and conflicts. Dodoth of Kaabong district, Uganda are allies to Toposa of Kapoeta, while Didinga of Budi County, South Sudan conflict with Toposa and by extension the Dodoth.

4 Turkana government statistics places the number of livestock raided at 800.

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In general this zone remain volatile and in active conflict over livestock, water and pasture. PEACE III approaches and strategies vary by corridor. For example, in Loki/Kapoeta area the focus is on preventing flare-ups and cycles of revenge through community sensitization and support to leaders to talk. Where possible the program has carefully supported the remaining connectors such as trade, through the opening of Nadapal Market amidst active conflict. In Kaabong/Turkana corridor where conflicts are over access to water and pasture, our approach has focused on facilitating resources agreements and strengthening local peace institutions. Facilitating resource sharing agreements: PEACE III Partners CECORE/ DADO supported 1 cross border peace dialogue between the Dodoth of Kaabong and Turkana at Loyoro Sub County in Kaabong district; attended by 110 people. This meeting was initiated by the Turkana kraal leaders grazing in Loyoro following a standoff with the Dodoth and a rise in security incidents attributed to the Turkana pastoralists. Two people had been killed at the gold mines including a rise in cattle thefts. This dialogue led to a resource sharing agreement signed on 3rd March between the Dodoth and the Turkana visiting pastoralists facilitated by Kaabong district local government with support from PEACE III. (See annex). This has granted access to water from the Loyoro river by Turkana pastoralists and reduced tension around this grazing area.

Esther Arehon of Turkana County speaking at Loyoro meeting

From warriors to entrepreneurs: Kaabong Youth Peace Ambassadors in Kaabong. See success story.

Youth community led initiatives has seen the Kaabong Peace Ambassadors VSLA increase their group savings this quarter by 1,843,000 UGX (USD 600) bringing their total savings to 3,400,000 UGX-USD 1030-(from 1,557,000 UGX and 800,000 UGX in the last two quarters respectively). This VSLA was formed after PEACE III and GHG brought them together and trained them. They have since embarked on IGA and community peace sensitizations.

Strengthening Community Connectors: The Nadapal market opened as a result of December 2015, Nadapal Resolutions that were supported by PEACE III and its partner KDI. This market, located at the border between Kenya and South Sudan at Nadapal, is now fully operational every Saturday. This connector is functioning even in the midst of conflict, and provides a good opportunity for PEACE III to establish a cross border market committee that will strengthen its management and enhance cross border interactions.

Strengthening peace institutions: CECORE/ DADO conducted 1 training for cross border peace committees from Kaabong district and Turkana. This led to the development of operational guidelines for peace committees in Kaabong district. According to CECORE progress includes: the committee members are planning to conduct joint cross-border kraal-kraal (village) peace sensitizations in

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Kaabong and Turkana – as a symbol of unity. The committee members have also continued with community peace sensitizations in their respective communities.

Support collaboration in peace building: PEACE III supported an internal coordination meeting among peace actors in Kaabong district: It was noted by the district authorities that there is lack of coordination between and among actors in Kaabong district.

Members of Dodoth-Turkana cross- border Peace Committee contributing during CECORE/DADO training in Kaabong,

This is more so in dealing with cross border issues. A request was made to PEACE III to support this meeting, which took place in March 2016. The meeting was chaired by the senior district leaders and attended by all peace actors in the district. Key resolutions from the meeting include: all peace meetings to be headed by districts or at least involve a district official, dialogue meeting between Kaabong, Budi and Kapoeta over joint trade in Pire, operationalization of peace dividends like Kamion Market and opening up of Pire market to link the Dodoth and Toposa, Dam at Loyoro and a joint market in Moruitit. PEACE III will support some of these resolutions in the next quarter.

Zones 7 and 8: Moroto- Loima/West Pokot Amudat (South Karamoja Conflict System)

This sub-system has seen an overall improvement in security and provides a good opportunity for peace building activities. However, minor conflicts re-emerge around resources and politics as discussed below:

Zone 7: For many years, this zone has been home to tens of thousands of Turkana grazing livestock in Moroto district. The hosts now seem to be experiencing fatigue and this is likely to pose some threat to the existing peace. The fatigue is due to dwindling resources as a result of the effects of climate change and poor NRM. In response, and as reported in the last quarter, some Turkana politicians have reportedly been supporting politicians in Moroto who have connections in Turkana as a way of averting this conflict. Some of these politicians have won elections in Moroto and it is expected that this will boost the peace process at least in the short run. One around which conflicts are simmering is around Kobebe dam, a strategic water reserve that serves Kenyan and Ugandan communities. The conflicts are over shortages of water and management rights. PEACE III is planning to strengthen of management of Kobebe dam through a peace dividend

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process. This zone is also experiencing more conflicts related to NRM especially extractives such as marble, gold and stones. PEACE III is also directing efforts around this area.

An opportunity to engage the Tepeth has presented itself. For the first time, a MP was elected for the Tapac County (Tepeth County) and this presents an organized system of engaging the Tepeth. They remain powerful peace spoilers for example, on 23rd March 2016, in Lokiriama, the Tepeth executed a raid; injuring 4 people, and raiding 18 cows and 6 donkeys. Zone 8: This is a zone of alliances and counter alliances. The Pokot are allied to Tepeth in Zone 7 and in this quarter, the two allies executed a raid against the Matheniko in zone 7. The local leaders from Moroto, supported by PEACE III held a meeting with officials to diffuse the tension. Another dynamic in this quarter is the reported involvement of local politicians from Pokot of Kenya in the local elections in Amudat district of Uganda similar to that noted above in Moroto. Again this expected to strengthen relations in the short run. PEACE III activities in this conflict system focus on the consolidation of peace, strengthening community relations and bonds, institutional capacity building and support to cross border government relations. Strengthening capacities on integrating CC and Conflict. PEACE III conducted a climate change and conflict management workshop in Kapenguria, North Pokot in Kenya. This was a follow-up to the November 2015 activity in Moroto, and drew government technical personnel from natural resources, land, water, urban planning, and peace building Participants of CC and conflict workshop in Kapenguria-West sectors from zone 7 and 8. PEACE III Pokot Kenya partners APaD, SIKOM, MADEFO, NENAH FM and TLPF supported with mobilization and facilitation. The workshop disseminated the CC, NRM and Conflict assessment findings, and resulted in the development of basic action plans for integrating CC and peace building work. (See annex). PEACE III will support the districts/counties to set key priority areas from the action plans to focus on.

Reducing community divisions: Three trauma healing sessions were conducted in Alare–North Pokot, Kenya in February and March 2016 by MC and SIKOM staff. It targeted two groups5 with a total of 40 individuals (20 women and 20 youth respectively). “Me and my friend were planning to go for a raid but since the sessions, we decided not to go. I see this group will be peace ambassadors after the sessions” Peter, one of the trauma healing participants in Alare, Kenya said.

5 Kalya Reformed Warriors and Sachat Women Group

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The trauma healing sessions concentrated on discussing past grudges, pain and wounds, reconciliation etc. while participants like Peter are beginning to change. His group of reformed warriors still express lots of frustration over the lack of alternative livelihoods, stating it is-a necessary condition for a healing process and a draw back to the full engagement of youth.

Sachat women group in a trauma healing session in Alare

The selection of the groups was done by community facilitated by partners, PEACE III trained community facilitators, and local chiefs. These are groups are composed of people who are/were affected most by conflicts like widows, reformed warriors, those who have lost many family members or assets. It is expected that the people who undergo TH sessions will benefit at an individual level through healing process and at community level through improved relations and reconciliation with others. Enhancing intergovernmental engagement: Outcomes of the Chief’s Forum held on 1st December 2015 include: the opening of Kodonyang market in Loima, improved cross border networking between Chiefs, recovery of stolen livestock, community sensitization on cross border movement, and increased cross border peace dialogues. Most of the above activities were conducted without support from PEACE III. In March, the second Chief’s forum was held in Kapenguria, organized by SIKOM, MC, APaD, MADEFO and Nenah FM. This brought together 30 local government authorities from the corridors in South Karamoja sub-system to discuss sustaining peace, security of cross border communities, and management and sharing of natural resources. A secretariat was formed to coordinate the Chief’s forum and to provide links with higher-level county government on issues that cannot be handled at their level. These include agreeing compensation mechanisms and deployment of security forces in hotspots. Action points for the next three months include: formation of joint cross border grazing and resource sharing committees, quarterly sports for peace, recovery of stolen animals, and resource and security agreements. The third Chief’s forum will be held in Namoruputh – Loima Sub County in Turkana.

With the lead role being taken by the TCG, PEACE III is increasingly focusing on Pokot County in the North Karamoja conflict system. MADEFO facilitated a meeting with the West Pokot Governor on peace, security and cross border grazing corridors, including dicussing strategies for sustaining peace between the Tepeth, Pokot and the Turkana. The two local government’s action points included to: functionalize peace committees, support development of peace assets, operationalize cross border markets etc. The meeting dwelt on issues that the Chiefs forum equally handled; indicating the need for higher level forum to respond to issues that are above the limits of the Chiefs forum/lower governments. The meeting however, arrived at similar action points but did not arrive at commitments to either parties, this should form the basis for review in any future local government meeting.

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Strengthening local peace networks: In March 2016, Tegla Loroupe Peace Foundation (TLPF) was launched in Moroto; and 16 member board of trustees inaugurated. This is unprecedented, where a CBO with roots in Pokot; a fierce rival of Karamajong, can be fully accepted. Both TLPF-Uganda and TLPF-Kenya have a significant influence in the region due to their composition. For example, the board members of the TLPF-Uganda come from across the entire Karamoja region, including two MPs. Prior to the launch, a consultant was hired to put together: TLPF registration documents, policy manual, profile and scope of operations, organogram and the trust deed. PEACE III will provide institutional strengthening support.

The launching of TLPF-Uganda Chapter in Moroto, Uganda: A two day training for 40 Ambassador Tegla, Senior Government officials in Moroto, TLPF- participants was conducted for the Kenya and Uganda Board members and PEACE III team two boards, hosted by TLPF-Kenya in Kapenguria in March 2016. The workshop aimed at strengthening the ties between the two boards and the two conflicting communities, learning from the Kenya chapter in terms of roles and responsibilities, resource mobilization, management, and planning. The young Uganda board has embarked on finalizing the registration process, security and office and equipment. The President of TLPF Amb. Tegla donated a computer and printer for the new entity and also donated 1,000 USD for the construction of a peace school in Tapac,-a sub-county occupied by the Tepeth in Moroto-Uganda and a key actor to the conflict in this zone.

Review of youth actions plans developed in July 2015 took place this quarter, by selected youth from the South Karamoja conflict system, it had three objectives 1) review the implementation of the plans, 2) encourage interaction between government and youth and, 3) develop strategies for presenting plans to the local government. After the review it was noted that many peace building activities had been conducted,6 with some of these activities done by youth themselves with little support. PEACE III invited government officials to share opportunities within Uganda and Kenya, including youth livelihood fund, women entrepreneurship program, Biashara fund, and community-based grants to organized groups. More focused plans will be prepared and support given to youth in presenting them to respective governments.

Integrating media into peace: Three radio talk shows were conducted in West Pokot and Amudat by NENAH FM radio in partnership with Radio Kalya -a popular FM radio in West Pokot. The three talk shows were linked to key events happening at the time; the second Chief’s forum, the climate change and conflict meeting and the launch of TLPF Uganda chapter. Participants from local government and PEACE III went on air to sensitize the West Pokot community on PEACE III activities, key outcomes of

6 Such as the peace match between Moroto and Lokriama, peace race in Amudat, sensitizing youth in IGAs and working closely with chiefs.

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the Chief’s forum, the links between climate change and conflict and the benefits of linking the Pokot and Karamoajong through the launch of TLPF Uganda Chapter. Nenah FM has produced new PEACE III radio spot messages played on Nenah FM and Radio Kalya of West Pokot (see annex). At the launch of the TLPF-Uganda Chapter, “an inspirational story of a woman who used her talent in sports to spearhead peaceful coexistence in West Pokot and later in Karamoja at large was recorded. The story of Ambassador Tegla Loroupe was meant to inspire other women and to encourage men to involve women in peace building activities. Due to public demand, a repeat of this program was aired” Nenah FM quarterly report reads in part. A competition was also initiated to produce a peace song and samples have been submitted to Pact for review and approval. Lessons Learned Strategic programming: A lot of focus over the last quarter has been on improving the quality and strategic nature of the programming by local partners. To date most of these partners are familiar with an ‘activity-based’ way of implementing, where activities are checked off a workplan. PEACE III is encouraging partners to be more analytical, more responsive and more flexible. It is encouraging them to think strategically about processes not about activities. This capacity building for the partners is a work in progress, with some more able to grasp this than others. Support from the team is key, and also extensive, involving closing reviewing activities, providing guidance and technical support, adopting grant mechanisms that support flexible and responsive programming, consistently asking partners to explain ‘why?’ and ‘so what?’ questions.

Mushrooming Committees: Noticeable from many of the activities is the establishment of committees as an outcome of each meeting/dialogue. This is in part due to the nature of traditional peace programming, which is as described above, activity based. When partners – government and CBO alike – view activities as discrete events rather than as stages in a process they are more inclined to require tangible outputs from each one. The formation of committees can be regarded as an easy win, yet they are often unsustainable and lacking in clear function. As the program creates new thinking and supports new ways of working for peace building and conflict management it will encourage the development of process-based interventions, and connections into existing structures.

Communication: One of the biggest take-homes from this quarter is the need for the program to develop a clear system for communication. This is both within the program, across large geographical areas and up to Nairobi, and to external audiences. The reflection meeting, held in March enabled detailed discussions on ‘what success means’ in a program like this, where processes are long and impact less tangible or attributable. Being able to identify success early, as processes are evolving will help the program team be better able to share these with others. Work over the next quarter will go towards improving the programs communications strategy, and the development of skills and knowledge within our team to be more able to communicate success.

II. ACTIVITY PROGRESS (QUANTITATIVE IMPACT)

See Annex

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IV. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Constraints

South Sudan: The limitations on the use of USG funding to the South Sudanese government is affecting PEACE IIIs operation in zones 6 and zone 5, and regionally. Since the CoP’s visit to Juba the program has been unable to formally engage the South Sudanese CEWERU in any planned regional activities. Similarly the partners working in the Loki-Kapoeta corridor are unsure of how they can engage with local government. With the current internal conflicts ongoing in the country and the new state structures being created, local governments in South Sudan have very few resources and therefore frequently look to the program for support. The program understands the limitations placed on the Mission itself with this legislation, however we continue to request open communication about this issue. Both as we believe that PEACE III remains an essential program in supporting stability in the region whilst the conflict in South Sudan remains unresolved, and so that we may officially communicate our positions to the South Sudanese government.

Elections: Election processes in Uganda, Somalia and Kenya have all placed constraints on the program. In Uganda since the 2016 elections there has been a significant change in local leaders on the Karamoja side. Many of these are unfamiliar with peace work and requires the program to invest again in the development of new relationships with them. In Kenya and Somalia campaigning and vying for positions has already started, and in Somalia in particular this has already seen some reshuffling of positions. It is expected these campaign processes will divert the attention of government staff from their usual activities and limit their engagement in the program. PEACE II continues to take this into account when planning.

Coordination: The increasing number of agencies working on issues of peace, security and in particular CVE is both and opportunity and a challenge for the program. In many areas the program is linking more and more with these programs and seeking opportunities for joint programming. Recent issues with DDG in Mandera however indicate the challenge of coordination, particular when programs are working on tight schedules and have little presence on the ground. Some partners expressed displeasure with the DDG program, citing duplication of effort and poor communication. As DDG moves into its next phase the program will emphasise more on ensuring collaboration between these initiatives.

Funding streams: The funding streams coming into the PEACE III program are having a significant impact on the focus of the program. Fortunately at present these streams align with priorities of the two clusters. It is hoped that in future however, that the mission will be able to secure CM funds so that the program is not limited in the opportunities it can explore.

Vastness and harshness of the operational area: The program team and its partners continue to be challenged by the harshness of the operational area. In these peripheral areas communication is poor, access is limited and the risk to lives from AS groups and others is high. Government response to this insecurity often furthers these challenges. The program management is aware of this and instituting stricter security guidelines and ensuring staff have the necessary capacity to respond to threats and risks as they arise.

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Opportunities

Collaboration: The program continues to benefit from improved collaboration with other organizations working on peace, resilience, livelihoods and others. The presence of mechanisms such as the Kenya-based PREG and USAID’s interest in collaboration also provides an opportunity to scale- up impact and work together to address multiple vulnerabilities. In most cases these collaboration efforts are country by country, which is a challenge to the program. The recently started UNDP- supported Ethiopia – Kenya Cross Border Peace and Livelihood Initiative however presents a unique opportunity to collaborate with a program with the same footprint, and a cross border focus. This is being actively pursued.

V. PERFORMANCE MONITORING

Monitoring and Evaluation In this quarter the program reviewed its indicator and targets with USAID team, and reworked its PMP into the new USAID M&E plan format (see annex). During this process the following indicators were dropped from the earlier submission:

1. Level of community openness to social reconciliation. Replaced with Custom Indicator # 2 Percentage of population who have taken reconciliation action. Disaggregation added for gender and age. The denominator remains total survey respondents. 2. Number of initiatives led by community peace actors to address local conflict. This indicator is hard to document given that PEACE III is not in control of community led initiatives. 3. Number of cross-border peace initiative that involves local government and Number of joint peacebuilding initiatives between CEWARN members are removed and captured under USG indicator (F 1.6.2-13) disaggregation section adding Government participation and CEWARN initiative.

IT/GIS staff visited partners in Somali and Karamoja Clusters to provide support to partners on remote mobile data collection. As of last quarter when the IformBuilder platform was introduced some partners experienced technical challenges. On-site training was provided at these partners’ offices to ensure data is collected accurately and validated. Partners who received this support were; IAG, SND, NEPED, MWFP and DLMC from the Somali Cluster, and PDC, SAPCONE and APAD in Karamoja. Important to note is that in Omorate, where PDC works, Ethiopia Telkom (national GSM provider) now has 3G connectivity which will help to address part of the existing challenges related to connectivity.

Learning and Reflection PEACE III conducted a reflection meeting in Nairobi for the program team and selected partners from the Karamoja and Somalia cluster. USAID and IBTCI were also in attendance. This meeting is conducted every year to provide the program team with an opportunity to come together and reflect on implementation, share experiences and learning across the program areas and pull out key lessons on implementing the program. Sessions included those on ‘identifying and communicating success’, partnership, gender integration, and best practices, opportunities for improvement and challenges. Agreed best practice that should be scaled up and continued included joint programming between

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partners in cross border corridors; opportunities for improvement included more attention on vertical linkages, partner planning and communication. Areas requiring more discussion and attention included peace dividends, and trauma healing.

VI. PROGRESS ON GENDER STRATEGY

In March 2016, PEACE III held a two day workshop to develop a gender strategy for the project, facilitated by the MC Gender regional advisor. The workshop involved staff from the Somali and Karamoja Clusters, and served both as a training on gender and a strategy development session. It identified the need for the program to look both at what the program delivers and how it delivers it. This means looking at its areas of strategic focus, as well as the structures and behaviors of teams and partners within the program to ensure our own gender sensitivity. Key points that came out of the workshop include the importance of: social capital between local women, investing in women leaders from previous programs, focusing on meaningful participation and or visibility; enhancing women’s roles in their families and traditional institutions and documenting successes and learning; reviewing existing and new policies, resolutions, and bi-laws for gender perspectives. Development of this strategy stemmed from learning during the implementation of the project that conflict affects men, women, girls and boys differently and as such peace building interventions should be designed to address these differences. Women are also key actors in conflict and yet there engagement in peace building is extremely limited due to cultural issues etc. The program is waiting for the draft strategy to be developed as an outcome of this meeting.

VII. PROGRESS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING

PEACE III approach to Climate Change, NRM and Conflict is premised in the approach that reductions in conflict increases the resilience of communities to cope with stress and shocks associated with climate change. There is also increasing evidence to show that where is there is conflict, there is low incentive to manage natural resources in a more sustained manner. Conflicted areas belong to no-one and hence there are no incentive for communities to protect them from degradation. PEACE III’s approach to facilitating communities to negotiate peace agreements is envisaged to create a favorable environment for more orderly use of natural resources and generating capacities that make them more resilient to changes in climate. PEACE III is also creating awareness and linking various departments within local governments to encourage joint planning and an integrated approach to issues of CC, NRM and Conflict.

VIII. PROGRESS ON LINKS TO OTHER USAID PROGRAMS Pact is a member of PReG body in Garissa comprising of USAID partners for purpose of coordination and experience sharing. The body conducts monthly meetings with minutes shared with USAID. PEACE III is coordinating with Finish Church Aid (FCA) - REGAL-IR program in the Garissa area. With the support of USAID PEACE III will continue to enhance this relationship with resilience actors across the region, encouraging systems thinking and the importance of peace and security to resilience efforts. In Uganda PEACE III is has continued to work together with GHG project on various activities in Uganda

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at local and national level. For example, PEACE III has been working with GHG staff in delivery of trauma healing and community reconciliation meetings.

At the request of USAID Somalia and DAI-TIS the PEACE II program made efforts in this quarter to follow up on commitments made by the TIS program with communities in Kolbio and Dobley. Given PEACE III’s abilities to access border areas, discussions were held at the community level, and further assessment conducted to determine the feasibility of the peace dividend structures designed in these two areas. The program is waiting for the results of these before decisions are made on how to move forward.

IX. PROGRESS ON LINKS WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

PEACE III has made increasing strides in this quarter to enhance its links with local and national governments within the 5 countries it operates. As has been noted above, relations with the national CEWERUs in all of these countries has improved and PEACE III is beginning to develop joint work plans with those from Kenya and Uganda.

At the local level the program is becoming more responsive – on the Somali Cluster side responding to requests for support from the Wajir and Mandera Counties in this quarter, in the Degodia-Gare conflict, and the CPU. On the Karamoja side the program continues to work and engage closely with the Turkana County Government on the establishment of the County Peace Actors Forum (See annex for TCP Forum ToR), the local governments in Karamoja, and increasingly the West Pokot County. Meetings are held frequently to update officials on progress and to ensure the program is responsive and relevant. X. PROGRESS ON USAID FORWARD

PEACE III delivers many of its actions through local partners. These partnerships are geared both for the delivery of the program and to strengthen the skills, systems, knowledge of these organizations to deliver US funded programs. PEACE III is continually adjusting its approach to grant management, to ensure these local CBOs understand the value of this partnership and that Pact and Mercy Corps are best positioned to provide the technical and financial guidance that these organizations need.

Preparations for the next grant processes have started with joint work planning, joint context analysis and development of activities to be implemented in the next grant cycle. Guidelines for strategic planning have been developed which will strengthen the ability of partners to develop strategic proposals and plans in the future. (see annex)

XI. SUSTAINABILITY AND EXIT STRATEGY

PEACE III is set up to build the capacity of the local, national and regional peace institutions and mechanisms that will sustain beyond the life of the program. As such the program continues to focus on building local peace leadership with community leaders, CBOS and government. In addition

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improved relations with the CEWARN mechanisms and national CEWERUs enables the program to work more proactively with them to enhance their capacities and ways of working.

XII. GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT ALLIANCE (IF APPLICABLE) N/A

XIII. SUBSEQUENT QUARTER’S WORK PLAN

2016 Activity April May June Program Wide Finalize work plans and submit for approval to USAID TICE Training for USAID partners Develop clear strategy for TH and TICE interventions with GTP Input into the development of the IBTCI CC integration study Begin the development of research on cultural practice Finalization of Gender strategy Development of a Communication Strategy Result 1.1: Communities more open to social reconciliation Support Trauma Healing sessions for identified

Groups Review and begin implementation of PDs in Karamoja

Cluster Support the finalization of the Todonyang agreement Result 1.2 Communities Peace building capacities mobilized Training of new cross border peace committees Support to newly formed CPUs Review of existing and newly developed agreements for peace and resource sharing Regional women’s forum Result 1.3 Local Governments Partner with their Cross-Border Counterparts and Communities in Conflict Management Implement AI workshops for selected government Conduct Chiefs forum Operationalization of the Turkana County Peace

Forum

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Result 1.4 Capacity of Horn of Africa NGO partners to support local CB conflict Management increased Support partner ISPs Result 2.1 Targeted management systems in CEWARN network institutions strengthened Sign MoU between PEACE III and CEWARN Result 2.2 Targeted initiatives to achieve CEWARN strategic framework objectives Support CEWERU Kenya Garissa and Moyale meetings

This plan does not include all local partner activities, in part as there are too many and in part as they are in the design phase. The beginning of the coming quarter will see the program teams engaged in the joint work planning in each of the zones in which the program is operating. This will support the development of more strategic workplans that speak to the work completed to date, the changing contexts and mapped out change processes that contribute to peace and security. These will be submitted to USAID for approval as they are finalized and new grant agreements will be developed for partners.

In addition the program will be concentrating on a number of areas: 1) the development of coherent communications systems, strategies and outputs, 2) discussions with GTP on next steps with Trauma Healing and the development of a plan to better implement and learn from trauma-informed work, 3) the implementation of collaborative efforts with CEWARN and national CEWERUs, particularly in Kenya and Uganda, 4) the finalization of the CEWARN MoU

XV. ACTIVITY ADMINISTRATION Personnel n/a Contract, Award or Cooperative Agreement Modifications and Amendments During the quarter USAID and PEACE III held a number of meetings. These meetings have covered issues of communication and reporting. USAID has been helpful in providing advice to the program on the formats to use in program reporting, and in linking the team to members of USAID who can further advise how best a complex program such as PEACE III reports and communicates.

Discussions also continue on the program’s approach to integrating climate change into its strategies. The program has developed a clear approach on this that maintains its CM focus, and uses learning and research, by the E&L partner to show evidence for this link. Meetings continue with IBTCI to flesh this out.

The subject of preapproval of all sub-grants issued under this program has been raised to the AOR and it has been agreed that a potential modification of this will be discussed, to prevent delays to the program, to respect the competencies of Pact in grant management, whilst ensuring USAID have the necessary levels of oversight.

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XVI. GPS INFORMATION

See Annex

ANNEXES & ATTACHMENTS

See Annexes

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