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Third American Congress on Obstetrics EDITORIAL COMMENTS and Gynaoology Parergon This congress will be held in St. Louis, Miss., There should be little need now to draw atten- from September 8 to 10, 1947. We are asked tion to this well-known collection of artistic to announce that an invitation is extended to work by medical men. The present edition- members of the Obstetrical and Gynwcological the third-is a sheer pleasure, as were the two Society of Canada to attend this meeting. There preceding ones. That it is more than double in are several Canadians on the program, and the size is some indication of the keen and rapidly subjects to be dealt with will interest not only developing interest in art amongst medical men. obstetricians and gynaecologists but general prac- No doubt there has always been a certain amount titioners, hospital administrators and nurses. of artistic skill in the profession, but by the The program will include sections for the public unwearying efforts of Messrs. Mead Johnson health doctor and nurse. Round table discus- self-expression has been encouraged in a large sions, demonstrations, and scientific and moving and steadily growing number of physicians. picture exhibits will complete what is expected The examples so strikingly arranged in this to be an outstanding occasion. volume (and the arrangement is in itself a high artistic accomplishment) are only selections from the exhibitions which are now accepted as an essential item on the program of large MEN and BOOKS medical conventions. Some day perhaps it may be found possible to JEANNE MANCE reproduce in colour but that is a high ambition. In the mean time the American Physicians' Art H. E. MacDermot, M.D., F.R.C.P.[C.] Association is preparing to take over entirely Montreal, Que. the administrative work which has for long been so generously assumed by Messrs. Mead Johnson. Perhaps no other period in early Canadian Under the presidency of Dr. Harvey Agnew history is called "romantic" more often than whose artistic skill and versatility are so out- is that during which the French settled them- standing we look for a vigorous and sustained selves along the valley of the St. Lawrence. expansion of the work of the American Physi- The romance largely depends on how closely cians' Art Association. we inspect events, but there always is fascina- tion in the extraordinary spirit of the men and women of the time. The figure of Mademoiselle Jeanne Mance is Two New Professors in the University of prominent amongst these. The story of her life Toronto has an attraction of its own, but she also oc- Recent appointments in the Faculty of the cupies a special place in the history of Canadian University of Toronto involve some striking nursing. In her solicitude for the sick she personalities in Canadian medicine. Dr. Duncan antedates Florence Nightingale by nearly two Graham retires from a long and distinguished centuries. The work of the two women dif- career as Professor of Medicine. It should be fered in iiany respects, but there was the com- added that his services in the interests of the mon impelling motivre. The one established Association deserve similar characterization both under peculiar difficulties a hospital which has for their devotion and their outstanding quality. maintained unbroken her tradition of service He is to be succeeded by Dr. Ray Farquharson to the sick poor: Jeanne Mance lives in the fine who has risen in his profession with a steady history of the Hotel Dieu of Montreal. The progression of honours and responsibilities which other gave up her life and talents to raising the are naturally to be associated with a fine per- profession of nursing to its modern high level, sonality and the energy of a keen and well her powers first being tested against official trained mind. ignorance, sloth and obduracy which, as a source of suffering and death in the military On the surgical side, Dr. W. E. Gallie retires hospitals of the Crimea differed little from the from the professorship of surgery, with an inter- bestiality of the savages amongst whom Jeanne national reputation in surgery and the affection Mance laboured. The red tape of Scutari was of many surgical pupils. He is to be succeeded a close collateral of the scarlet war paint of the by Dr. Robert Janes, who has already gained Iroquois. for his work in chest and Jeanne Mance was one of those who felt the great distinction overwhelming desire to devote themselves to orthopadic surgery. religious work which was so evident in France The University of Toronto may well con- during the first half of the 17th century. She gratulate itself on its choice for such important never took the veil, but from her early days posts. apparently was of a deeply religious nature. ECanad. M. A. J. 68 MEN AND BOOKS: JEANNE MANCE L July1947, vol. 57

Born in Langres, in the Province of Champagne, was that of administration and management of in 1606, 'she was a woman of 34 when in 1640 stores. she left her small, quiet town to go to Paris to There were two ships on the expedition, offer her services in New France. There seems Jeanne being on one and Maisonneuve on the to have been no direct persuasion from her other. A third boat had left from another port spiritual advisers; indeed, they advised at first before them. Within two days of leaving La against her going. She gave up her sheltered, Rochelle (June 1, 1641) they were separated by uneventful life, to submit herself to "unheralded bad weather, and lost sight of each other for dismays", although she may have known some- the rest of the voyage. Maisonneuve had to thing from the Jesuit Relations of the sufferings put back to port three times, and lost three of of missionaries at the hands of the Indians. his men, including his surgeon. Sometimes the survivors returned to France, The other vessel, with Jeanne on board, had racked, scarred and crippled by their torturers, a better trip, but even so only reached Quebec but willing to offer themselves again in the on August 18. Ten weeks on the North Atlantic cause of their religion. in a small ship must have made the lower St. We know little of Jeanne's early life. She Lawreniee a very welcome sight to Jeanne. And was one of 11 children, her family being of the more pleasant still it must have been to round upper middle class, the bourgeoisie de robe. Her the Island of Orleans and see Quebec rising health apparently was poor, but she had the before them. determination which often overcomes physical But it was not long before she realized how frailty. She showed extraordinary resolution little the enthusiasm of the supporters of the and capacity to look after herself in travelling, Montreal venture was shared by the handful of a young woman unattended, through a country- their countrymen struggling to maintain their side of insecurity and violence. This was in precarious position on the Quebec cliff. A great France. Later on she appears, solitary and rock it was, but the shadows associated with it indomitable, journeying up and down the St. were neither of the reassuring nature described Lawrence, and across the Atlantic, under inde- by the Prophet Isaiah,* nor of the more ro- scribable conditions of discomfort and danger. mantic type so charmingly sketched by Miss In Paris, Jeanne's object was to be assigned Willa Cather. With all its allurement Canada some work in New France. Her ability, as well could be a terrible country, and the expedition as her religious zeal, attracted the attention of to Montreal seemed so quixoti'c, so clearly fore- men and women who had conceived the idea doomed, that the Quebec people must have of colonizing the Island of Montreal. They had regarded it with the impatience which fool- formed La Societe de Montreal, whose business hardiness always arouses. Besides, they had to it was to collect money and settlers for the watch the procession past their door of men colony. One benefactress, Madame de Bullion, and materials sorely needed by themselves. a wealthy widow, had set her heart particularly They were jealous as well, for Montreal would on establishing a hospital in connection with the be a rival in trading with the Indians, and she venture, and soon realized that Jeanne had all would also be independent, for she would have the qualities for that part of the work. To her her own governor. This jealousy extended to Madame de Bullion entrusted the sum of 20,000 Jeanne herself, because she was going to set livres as the first donation towards an endow- up in Montreal an order of hospital nuns ment fund, and later she added further large separate from and independent of the religious sums. order in Quebec. Jeanne had of time to The next step in our pilgrim's progress was plenty hear what the the port of La Rochelle, where she met Paul de Quebec people thought about the expedition, for Maisonneuve did not arrive more Chomedey de Maisonneuve, 29 years of age, the till than two weeks and we commander of the expedition. They were to later, have to imagine her her as as form a perfect team. Maisonneuve was a pro- defending position well she could. Maisonneuve an fessional soldier. Jeanne had a steady, orderly put end to all argument by mind, with a gift for telling Montmagny, the Governor of Quebec, administration. Both had that he the same unwavering faith in God, the same im- had his orders and was determined to pelling devotion to duty, the same selflessness carry them out. He ended with his famous of motive. She was to see her work set well defiance of all the Indians that the woods of a on the path of development; Maisonneuve was Montreal could produce; challenge which was to suffer the mortification of being superseded to be fully accepted. and recalled, his last days being spent in lonely His firmness cleared the air, and the party obscurity. spent the winter at Quebec very harmoniously. The Jeanne's position in the party is not Governor and Maisonneuve went up to the easily Island of Montreal before the winter defined. She was not a trained nurse. No closed woman of her social standing did nursing in down, and chose a landing place for the follow- those days, except as a nun. Her desire to * "As the shadow of a great rock in a weary land." nurse is beyond question, but her work at first Isaiah, 32:2. Canad. M. A. J. 1 AND 69 July1947. vol. 57 i MEN BOOKS: JEANNE MANCE ing year. Jeanne herself made such a favour- more than one menition of the singing of chants, able impiession in Quebec that in addition to but there were probably songs as well. Maison- being given a comfortable house she gained the neuve was a flute player, and may have piped support of Madame de la Peltrie, a young and for them. wealthy widow, who insisted on joining the There is a sad lack of written records by party for the coming spring. There was enough Jeanne Mance herself, especially as regards the to do, long as the winter was. Boats had to be first years of the Hotel Dieu. Amongst its built and stores collected and packed, which other calamities later on Montreal suffered was left largely to Jeanne. She also set her- heavily from fires and in these, the hospital self to learn Iroquois, and to study the ways buildings were destroyed on three separate oc- of the Indians. The church registers at Sillery casions, with many of their records. The HlItel show her acting as godmother to several Dieu today possesses in its archives not a single baptized Indians. signature of Jeanne Mance. Her will is pre- On May 8, 1642, the party set off up the served in the City archives. river. The month of May can be cold on the However, there are other sources, the most St. Lawrence, but the weather seems to have vivid picture of the first days of the hospital been pleasant that year. Progress was slow, beiiig given by one of its religieuses, Seeur and they had every opportunity of observing Morin in her Annales de l'Hotel Dieu. She the river route which was to become so joined the hospital staff in 1662, as a girl of familiar to Jeanne later on. When the Island 13, when Jeanne Mance was 56. But the older of Montreal was reached ten days later, the woman seems to have spoken freely of her woods were full of flowers and birds, and the experiences, and some of these are recorded by party went ashore to set up their altar and Saeur Morin. Her style is of the simplest, and tents under the happiest auspices. Ubiquitous since she wrote only for her sisterhood, with as the Iroquois usually were they seem to have no idea of its ever being seen by outsiders, her had no knowledge of the visitors for several account has great charm. months, and their settling down was not inter- The other main contemporary account is the fered with. They made trips to the mountain, Histoire du Montreal by Dollier de Casson, the and roamed the woods of the vicinity with a soldier priest, who also came on the scene after freedom as happy as it was short-lived. the founding of the colony, but was closely But pleasant as a Montreal summer can be, associated with Jeanne in her later years. it never lasts very long, and there is always But nowhere is there any definite description the winter to be reckoned with. Whatever else of her person, nor have we any authentic por- their living conditions were like, the settlers trait. The Annales de l'Hotel Dieu de la Fleche must have suffered extreme discomfort from say of her: "As she was of an attractive enough the cold. For the first winter at any rate the exterior, and she spoke of God as none could whole colony (probably about 50 altogether) do better, a number of ladies of first quality seems to have lived in the fort which was built took a pleasure in seeing and conversing with by Maisonneuve as their first defence against her". Dollier De Casson, who, from the lively the Iroquois. Later on, Jeanne Mance had a style of his History of Montreal, might have house to herself, adjoining the chapel. been expected to show a little more interest The first hospital was a room in Jeanne's in her personal characteristics, says only that house, and although one writer says that there she had "a captivating and spiritual person- was no sickness amongst the hardy colonists ality". Abbe Rousseau speaks of "son merite there is evidence that they were not without distingue, ses rares qualites, sa politesse their illnesses. As Saeur Mondoux suggests,* exquise ". it is not likely, with all the work required to But these descriptions still keep us at a clear the land of trees, that there were no distance. It is clear enough that she was an accidents. impressive personality, strong-willed, practical, For the first few years the little colony was and austere. Whether she had the indefinable very busy and very happy. Jeanne looked back quality of being likeable is another matter. on those days as idyllic. She told her chron- One gains the impression that her habit of life icler, Semur Morin, that everyone helped in the was solitary, and that until Marguerite Bour- common work of the settlement; no doors were geoys appeared she seems to have had no inti- ever locked; everybody attended mass before mate friends. Probably there were few if any going to work in the morning; "on ne voyait of her social standing amongst the first colonists point de peches publies ni de haines ou rancunes in Montreal. There was Maisonneuve of course, tout n 'etoit qu'un coeur en charite, toujours but there seems to have been no more than a prets a" se servir et a parler des autres avec high mutual respect between them. estimne et affection". A simple life indeed; one Saeur Morin speaks of three main hardships wonders what recreation they had. There is in the life of the founders of the HEotel Dieu: "Les contradictions; la peur des Iroquois; la * P&re Vimont 's Relation of 1643 (quoted by Swur pauvrete". The first of these probably caused Mondoux). Jeanne more distress than the other two. It 70 MEN AND ECanad. M. A. J. BOOKS: JEANNE MANCE L July 1947, vol. 57 included all the opposition which she had met moved back into the fort. The hospital was with as soon as landed in the country, and the on slightly higher ground than the fort, in the jealousy which grew as time went on. She region now known as Hospital Street, in the managed to maintain her position with dignity, heart of the financial district. but was under continual pressure from the ec- Eventually the decision had to be made clesiastical authorities at Quebec to yield the whether to hold on to the settlement, or to control of the Hotel Dieu at Montreal to them. withdraw. Men were being lost in the fighting Her first most serious problem however, was and were not being replaced. Maisonneuve the gradual weakening of support from France. was willing to fight, but he had to have men, In 1649 she went down to Quebec and found and he had no money to raise fresh forces. At bad news awaiting her. For various reasons this point Jeanne Mance offered to give him La Soci6te de Montreal seemed to be in danger 22,000 livres of hospital capital for collecting of br'eaking up. This was partly ascribed to a recruits in France. In return, t-he hospital was growing feeling in France that the position of to receive 100 arpents of cleared land. Maison- the Montreal settlement was too dangerous. In neuve readily accepted the offer. He said that any case, the group had almost dissolved. the situation was so bad that if he could not Furthermore, M. de La Dauversiere, the get together at least another 100 men he would manager of the hospital funds, was reported not come back to Canada at all, but would re- to be bankrupt, and her close friend and ad- gard the whole venture as a failure; and from viser, Father Rapine, whose influence with a soldier's point of view he was quite right. Madame de Bullion was very great, was dead. Maisonneuve sailed from Quebec on Novem- It it curious to realize how completely the ber 5, 1651, and there must have been fervent fate of the Montreal settlement depended on prayers for his return. The soonest he could be Jeanne at this stage. There was no one to ad- expected back was in the following summer, vise her. The Quebec people had no sympathy and he might easily not come that year at all. with her troubles, and there was hardly time The winter passed, and in the spring Jeanne to go back to Montreal to consult with Maison- persuaded the governor to let her go down to neuve. She may not even have considered Quebec for advance news. But all she learnt doing that, as she seems to have been ac- was that Maisonneuve would not be back for customed to make her own decisions. another year. However, his letters to her said At any rate, she sailed for F'rance that that he was collecting men and money. Madame October, and succeeded in re-establishing sup- de Bullion, although always keeping herself in port. Hler courage and ability were never more the background, had again opened her purse. evident. She personified the original spirit of There was therefore nothing for Jeanne to do La Societe de Montreal, of which Parkman but go baek to another winter in Montreal- says: "None of the ordinary motives of coloni- and the savages. zation had part in their design. It owed its In the spring of 1653, as soon as the ice was conception and birth to religious zeal alone". out of the river she went down to Quebec again, It was that zeal which drove Jeanne back to nearly falling into the hands of the Indians on France. There was no question of help from the way. She got word that at last Maison- government sources, and if Jeanne had not neuve was on his way, and sent cheering mes- faced the horrors of another sea journey to sages back to Montreal, but her messengers encourfige the failing enthusiasm of her friends were held up by Indian roving bands and came the whole venture would probably 'have gone back with the depressing news that Three to pieces. Rivers was blockaded. She got back to Montreal the following year, However, Maisonneuve arrived at last, al- with her work well done. But now she found though not until September 22. He brought trouble of another kind. The Iroquois were his 100 men, and probably few ships have ever pressing hard. They had evidently determined sailed up the St. Lawrence with more sorely to destroy Montreal altogether, and with a needed help. It was a transfusion for Montreal little more resolution and leadership they could at a gravely critical stage of collapse.- Maison- have done so. Jeanne nearly fell 'into their neuve had had his own difficulties. He had hands one day, when they captured some of the managed to collect a force of soldiers and settlers working in the fields near the hospital. settlers, "hommes fort et courageux". But, She was alone in the building but some'of the as M. Massicotte reminds us, the colonization workers managed to hold off the attack. One expeditions of the 17th century all had one man, named Chiquot, hid himself in the woods point in common; the ships were always leaky, during the attack, but was caught and scalped. and usually unhealthy. It was common for He managed to escape and was nursed back to them to have to put back to port for repairs, recovery in the hospital. Another more de- as had happened on 'Maisonneuve 's first voyage. termined attack on the hospital in July, 1650, On this later trip the boat was leaking badly made Maisonneuve decide that it was in too enough when they started. They ran into bad dangerous a position for Jeanne and she was weather and had to go back again, barely mak- Canad. A.1J.57 Julv 1947. vol. 57 1 MEN AND BOOKS: JEANNE MANCE ,1 ing the harbour in time. The recruits were cleared fields, to begiin their work. Desolate both frightened and enraged, and Maisonneuve eniough Montreal inust have looked then, but did not dare to let them land, whilst another the inhabitanits gave them a welcome that imade ship was being got ready, but kept them on an up for all their tribulations. island offshore. Even so, a few seem to have The actual nursing in the Hotel Dieu, swum ashore rather than undertake the voyage. especially when Jeainne -was alone in the work Food ran short, and eight men fell ill and died. is not described. But there is aii accounit of the When at last they reached Quebec the ship ran hospital itself. The building was half wood on to a reef and could not be refloated. It was and half stone. The men's ward conitained six left there and burnt. beds and the women 's two. There was a large Maisonneuve had done better than Jeanniie fireplace at the end of the men's section which had hoped. He brought with him, from his own did for both wards. All the cooking was done town of Troyes, Mademoiselle Marguerite in this fireplace, and the apothecary had a Bourgeoys, who was to fill so large a place in corner there for work.* Here also the liien the educational life of Montreal. She was 14 and dressings were washed, "ce que arrivait years younger than Jeanne, but they soon be- assez souvent, ayant peu de linge et bien des caine fast friends. They spoke the same blesses". The clothes were dried in the attic, spiritual language, and were of the same social off which there was another very small room, standing. Maisonneuve had made no mistake. about 6' x 9', in which the sisters lived. But Jeanne was getting older, and needed help in her hospital work. The original plan of sendinig out nursing sisters from France had niever been carried out, and no one seemed to be concerning themselvTes very much about the matter. In 1657, however, Jeanne broke her arm in a fall on the ice, and the injury disabled her for the next two years, eventually forcing her to go back to France to seek help. In 1659 she brought back with her the three hospitalieres of the Order of St. Joseph de La Fleche, who formed the devoted original nurs- Fig. 1 Fig. 2 ing staff of the H6tel Dieu. From then on they Fig. 1.-One of the original druggist 's jars in the did the actual nursing. They were a fine trio: pharmacy of the Hotel Dieu. Fig. 2.-A 17th century hospital feeding cup used Judith Moreau de Bresolles; Catharine Mace; at the Hotel Dieu. and Marie Maillet. They early learnt what it (Kindness of Sceur Mondoux, Hotel Dieu, Montreal.) was to follow Jeanne AMance, both on the terrible journey across the Atlantic, and later The ward opened into the chapel, so that in Montreal. Even the veteran traveller Jeanne the patients could take part in the services, but permitted herself some comments on this par- somiietimes the noise of the people coining and ticular trip. The vessel was a so-called hospital going disturbed the sick. There was a small ship: it had been used in the navy for the sick room at the foot of the chapel where the sisters and had never been properly cleaned; also as made their retreat. It was without light or usual, it was leaky. Sickness developed on ventilation, and Seur Morin says she was uin- board almost at once, and about 18 of the pas- able to complete the allotted time of her retreat sengers died at sea. Most of the women were there as it made her ill. very ill, Jeanne and Marguerite Bourgeoys Jeanne Mance had separate rooms from the among them, but the nursing of the sick had hospital, but must have shared imnueh of the still to be carried on. The trip lasted 71 days. common hardship of cold. Saeur Morin speaks Jeanne speaks of their relief on coming into of the snow drifting into the hospital through the Gulf and of being able to obtain fresh the cracks in the walls, so that the first duty drinking water. The water on the ship had of the sisters on winter mornings was to sweep been rationed, and, as she described it: drifts out of the roomns. In really cold weather " e 'etait mechante et quelquefois pleinie de most of their food froze hard, the bread, the vers,* ce qui etait assez ordiniaire sur la mer; soup, and the vegetables. ceux qui en ont fait le trajet n'en seront pas The menu was not a varied one. For years estonnes'". they had practically nothing but corni, lard, And what were they coining to? By the time peas and beans, "l'anguille salee", and pump- the nurses reached Montreal it was October, kins. For ten years, S(xur Morin says, she saw ancd they went ashore to the little huddle of * Sceur Bresolles was the apothecary for years, and houlses amongst charred stumps and half gave medical advice and treatment as well. Her skill became famous. Saeur Mo.in says. "Enfin les nmadades * This could be almost literally translated by croyois ne pouvoir mourir quand ils s '6tois mis entr.e Kipling 's description of the water brought by Gunga ses mains ou gouverne par ses conseils. Ce qui passa un faire rire.'' Din: ''it was crawlin' and it stunk". a exees a M. A. J. 72 MEN AND BOOKS: JEANNE MANCE ECanad.L Julyl1947, vol. 57 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~uy97 vo.5 no fruit except some wild plums. Strawberries duty to act as Maisonneuve's representative at and raspberries could be picked in the fields, the handing over control of the Montreal settle- but only at the risk of losing one's scalp. Some- ment to the Order of St. Sulpice, since the times Jeanne would send them in some fish or Company of Montreal had broken up. A year game. It had not taken the settlers long to after she returned Maisonneuve was removed appreciate' moose meat. Sceur Morin has a from his post as Governor of Montreal, and was good description of the moose, and of its incon- recalled to France. It was a saddening close venient tendency to attack hunters and trample to their association. Saeur Morin has some them in the snow. charming little notes on Maisonneuve. In one" The sisters truly lived in poverty, for place she- says: " Mais je reviens a M. de amongst their "contradictions" had been the Maisonneuve dont je Me suis un peu divertie. loss through M. de la Dauversibre of a large il etait sans pareil en constance,dans 1'adver- part of their original endowment. Their very site. Ce qui auroit attriste un autr6, ou mis dresses were so worn and patched th}at the en colere, ne faisait que le faire rire et mieux original material was hardly recognizable. One day Maisonneuve, going through the hospital with Jeanile Mance and some visitors, began to, chaff the nurses about the variety of repairs to their dresses. As usual, he was able to make them laugh at themselves, and soon the whole .group was amusing -itself with jokes about how each garment had been renewed with various pieces of cloth. Jeanne was able to identify one piece as belonging to an old dress she had passed on to them, and Madame d'Ailleboust thought she recognized something of hers, and so on; Maisonneuve highly enjoyed himself all the time. The whole lighthearted scene is de- lightfully deseribed by Sceur Morin. As this was the only hospital west of Quebec it had a wide territory to draw from. Fre- q-uently there were Indian patients, either friendly Hurons or even wounded Iroquois themselves. Some of these latter responded to kindness, others did not. Soeur de Bresolles one day, was pushed into a pupboard by an Iroquois patient who tried to stifle her by shut- ting the door on her. The other patients went to her help, but when they pulled him off he laughed uproariously and said he had only been joking. The new hospital staff soon began to experi- ence the terror of the Indian attacks, and un- governable fear would sometimes break down their self-control. Sceur Morin herself seems to have been the coolest, perhaps because of her having been born and brought up in Quebec. When the tocsin sounded Soeur Maillet fainted and Soeur Mace hid in the sanctuary, unable to speak or move. Sceur Morin says: "Moi, qui savoit le lieu de leur retraite, je les allois consoler, aussy tot que j'avais appris que les Yroquois s'etoit retires". Saeur de Bresolles was terrified too, but was able to go on with Fig. 3.-jnkstand, probably belonging, to Jeanne her work, and she and Morin would go Mance. Soeur (Kindness of Sceur Mondoux, H6tel Dieu, up into the tower to keep the bell going. From Montreal.) there they sometimes were see able to the actual divertir, trouvant des a'vantages A ce qu 'il fighting, in which even the women sometimes took part, disoit, dana ses disgraces, qu 'on ne savoit pas. There is little recorded of Jeanne Mance's QUand il avoit des sujets de chagrin il rendit last years, except that her health gradually visite a ma Sr. de Bresolles ou a la Sosur failed, confining her to bed for long periods. Bourgeois, afin de tire de plaisir; elles In riaient 1662 she had made yet one more journey to aussi avee lui et luy montrois grande joie France (her third). It her de was melancJholy ses peines, ce qu'il aimoit beaucoup." Canad.M. A. J] July1947. vol. 57 J MEDICAL SOCIETIES 737

In June, 1672, Jeanne gathered enough wave diathermy equipment manufactured prior strength to attend the laying of the foundation to 1947 may continue to be used in that country stone of the new Notre Dame parish church, for a period of five years, provided that no which was to become the present Notre Dame interference is caused to an authorized radio Cathedral. She was one of the five chosen to service. This announcement has no effect in have their names inscribed on leaden plaques Canada where conditions effecting radio com- let into the foundations. Who more than she munications are quite different, and where it deserved the honour? She had known hard, is proposed to eliminate radio interference by grim years, but there had been light as well as general rather than individual action. shade, and she had never lost faith. She had The attention of all C..nadian doctors is again not only established her hospital but had called to the necessity of taking steps to suppress helped to preserve the settlement itself through radio interference from electro-meedical ap- soul-shaking days, by her cool head, her paratus by January 1, 1948. courage, and her strength of character. She died June 18, 1673, and was buried in the chapel of her hospital. BIBLIOGRAPHY MEDICAL SOCIETIES 1. Annales de lHotel Dieu de Montr6al. Redig6es par la sceur Morin. (Memoires de la soci6t6 historique de Montreal. Douzieme livraison.) Montreal, 1921. Brant County Medical Association 2. Histoire du Montr6al. Abbe Francois Dollier de The Casson. Translated from the French by Ralph May meeting of the Brant County Medical Asso- Fenley, J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., London, 1928. ciation wvas lheld in the Willett Memorial Hospital, Paris, 3. Jeanne AMance, Abb6 E. M. Faillon, Villemarie, vols. 2, Ontario, on May 29. Dr.. Ian MeDoniald of Christie 1854. Street 4. Jeanne Mance, J. K. Foran, K.C., Herald Press, Hlospital, Toronto, gave an address onI "Medical Montreal, 1931. Aspects of Thyroid Disease". 5. Life of Marguerite de Bourgeois, D. A. Jamet, La Presse Catholique, Panamericaine, Montreal, 1942. 6. The Saintly Life of Jeanne Mance, W. H. Atherton, Montreal (unpublished). 7. L'Hotel Dieu, Sceur Mondoux, Montreal, 1942. The B.C. Surgical Society 8. Jesuits in North America, Francis Parkman, Little Brown & Co., Boston, 1893. The Britislh Columbia Sur.gical Society, incorporated 9. The Old R6gime in Canada, Ibid. under the Societies' Act has niow conmmenced to function. 10. Pioneers of France in the new World, Ibid. The executice consists of: President-Dr. Lyon H. Appleby; Vice-president-Dr. T. H. Lennie; Secretary- treasurer-Dr. Roy Huggar(l; Directors-Dr. A. B. Schinbein, Vancouver; Dr. A. C. Frost, Vancouver; Dr. Lee Smith, Vancouver; Dir. S. A. Wallace, Kamloops; ASSOCIATION NOTES Dr. G. C. Kenning, Victoria. Short-Wave Diathermy Canadian Anesthetists In the April and June issues of the Journal, Society new regulations of the Department of Transport, Quebec Division Radio Division, for the control of radio inter- At the last meetinig of the Canadian Anoesthetists ference from Society, Quebec Division, held on May 3, 1947, the fol- short-wave diathermy machines, lowing members have been elected to fill the followving were published. The essence of these regulations charges. Representatives at the National Council of the is that by January 1, 1948, short-wave diathermy Canadian Anxsthetists Society: the President of the machines must be shielded adequately or re- Quebec Division, R. Rochette; Harold Griffith; George placed by imachines which have Cousineau. To the Executive of the Canadian Anxes- controlled radio thetists Society, Quebec Division: President-R. Roch- frequencies. ette; Vice-president-F. H. 'Wilkinson; Secretary-treas- It has comi-e to our attention that a persistent ur.er -M. Clermont; Assistant Secreta-y-treasurer -J. rumour is circulating in Canada to the effect Beaudry. that the Department of Transport does not intend to enforce the regulations and that physi- The Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society cians may continue to use unshielded and un- The annual meeting of this society was held on May controlled short-wave diathermy machines for a 16. After the routine business the retiring president, further period of years. Enquiries addressed Dr. Lorne C. Montgomery, in his presidential address to the Controller of Radio, Department of gave a short review of the work of the Society for the Transport have elicited the information that season. There had been an increase in membership and the large attendance at the meetings had been most this rumour is without foundation and " ALL encouraging. The success of the annual fall clinieal EXCESSIVE RADIATION ON COMMUNI- convention was particularly striking, the attendance at CATION FREQUENCIES MUST BE SUP- the hospitals being close to 400. PRESSED ON OR BEFORE JANUARY 1, Dr. Montgomery felt that he might fittingly refer to the whole-hearted welcome whieh he and all Canadian 1948. THIS DEPARTMENT DOES NOT medical officers had experienced in Great Britain during CONTEMPLATE EXTENDING THE ABOVE the war years. In addition to his acknowledgment of DATE FOR SUPPRESSION OF EXCESSIVE this unwearying hospitality he had been greatly im- RADIATION. " pressed with the resolute tenacity with which medical society meetings had been carried on, under physical The Federal Communication Commission in difficulties which might well have been taken as an the United States has announced that short- excuse for their discontinuance, but which were never