DOCSLIB.ORG

Large Scale Solar Energy Complex 2010-2011

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Large Scale Solar Energy Complex 2010-2011 Large Scale Solar Energy Complex 2010-2011 Final Report Group 2 Samuel Adesilu Sadra Bolourian Thomas Brown Amy Chalom Matthew Gregory Katherine Marsh Large Scale Solar Energy Complex Group 2 1 Executive Summary The purpose of this feasibility report is to assess the feasibility of providing a significant proportion of the energy demand of 2,000 inhabitants for a village from a renewable solar energy source. The report looks at various different solar collector technologies available, along with a number of different storage technologies, and critically assesses their viability to be used in the South East of England. A number of solar technologies and storage mediums have been considered throughout the duration of this report and a number of them have been discounted due to their feasibility for use on this project. These technologies include Solar Up-draft towers, Concentrating solar thermal power, flywheels, pumped water storage and super capacitors. This leaves a number of technologies that have been deemed feasible to be used to some extent. These are Green Tariffs, Investment in Free Solar Panels, PV cells, Rechargeable battery technologies, Ground Sourced Heat Pumps and Solar Thermal Hot Water. These technologies have been researched in detail and included in various design cases. These were carried out to calculate in detail how the project brief is met by the various design cases along with the viability of the design cases. The first design case was a GSHP system for an individual house which looks at installing a GSHP to provide the space heating requirements, along with the option to include domestic hot water heating. A solar thermal hot water case; where Evacuated solar tubes and flat plate collectors are designed to meet the most optimum proportion of the hot water demand. Both of these options also assessed the governments Renewable Heat Incentives and the affect it has on the feasibility of the projects. Photovoltaic, PV, cells system is the third design case to be evaluated. The system is designed to take advantage of the governments feed in tariffs, and as such has been designed to be a solar farm of 5MW output. The final design case is another PV cell system installed onto individual houses. Both of the PV systems have been anyalsised using government feed in and generation tariffs and incentives. A series of system designs were carried out to ensure optimisation of the technologies in a modular house design. The integrations link together the technologies to limit the Executive Summary Pg 2 of 170 AUTHOR Large Scale Solar Energy Complex Group 2 disadvantages of each technology and provide a more feasible solution to the design brief. The first integration was combining the ground sourced heat pump with the solar thermal hot water systems. The integration design has shown the optimum solution to be for Evacuated Solar Tubes to be installed for providing domestic hot water, with a ground sourced heat pump to provide the space heating for an individual house. The integration of the electrical systems has revealed that a system of pv cells, batteries and grid connection along with feed in and generation tariffs will be the most feasible integrated system to provide electrical energy on an individual scale. A number of assumptions were made during this feasibility study and an analysis of these has been conducted to determine their effect on the feasibility of the final recommendations; a 5MW solar farm; and an individual house with GSHP, EST and PV cells. The first of these is instillation date and the possibility of delays implementing the systems. The capital costs were also investigated to determine their effect on the systems. The power output of the system has been varied to study the effect of the assumptions made during the design processes. Government incentives have also been analysed due to the risk of these being cut. A change in location has been researched and the effect on the change of location calculated. It has been shown that large solar farms located along the same latitude or north of Dundee is not feasible. The optimum location in the UK is Cornwall, but there is only a marginal improvement above the Isle of Wight and the rest of the South East of England. Both proposed system are able to be scaled to 20,000 people, however the modular individual system is easier to scale up due to the fact the technologies are installed into individual houses independently of each other. Final recommendations/conclusions The report concludes that two different solutions are feasible, a 5MW solar farm and an individual, small-scale system; comprising of a Ground Sourced Heat Pump, Evacuated Solar tubes, Photovoltaic Cells and Batteries. The two different systems fulfil the requirements in different ways are suitable for different purposes. The 5MW Solar farm Executive Summary Pg 3 of 170 AUTHOR Large Scale Solar Energy Complex Group 2 2 Contents 1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 2 2 Contents ................................................................................................................... 4 3 List of Figures .......................................................................................................... 6 4 List of Tables ............................................................................................................ 8 5 Nomenclature ......................................................................................................... 10 5.1 Acronyms ........................................................................................................ 10 5.2 Symbols ........................................................................................................... 11 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 14 6.1 Motivation ....................................................................................................... 14 6.1.1 Energy Crisis ........................................................................................... 14 6.1.2 Fossil Fuel Depletion and Political Instability ......................................... 14 6.1.3 Fossil Fuels and Global Warming ............................................................ 15 6.1.4 Action is Required ................................................................................... 16 6.1.5 UK Government Legislation and the Kyoto Protocol .............................. 19 6.2 Brief ................................................................................................................ 21 6.3 Scope ............................................................................................................... 21 6.4 Objectives ........................................................................................................ 22 7 System Boundaries ................................................................................................. 23 7.1 Location........................................................................................................... 23 7.1.1 Land ......................................................................................................... 23 7.1.2 Meteorological Data ................................................................................ 23 7.1.3 Financial Considerations ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2 Electricity ........................................................................................................ 24 7.2.1 Energy Demand ....................................................................................... 24 7.2.2 Energy Culture ......................................................................................... 26 7.2.3 Government Subsides .............................................................................. 26 8 Research ................................................................................................................. 34 8.1 Infeasible Options ............................................................................................ 34 8.1.1 Solar Up-draught Tower .......................................................................... 34 8.1.2 CSP .......................................................................................................... 40 8.1.3 Flywheels ................................................................................................ 53 8.1.4 Pumped Water Storage ............................................................................ 55 8.1.5 Supercapacitors ........................................................................................ 58 8.2 Remaining Opportunities ................................................................................. 59 8.2.1 Green Tariffs ........................................................................................... 59 8.2.2 Investment Free Solar Panels ................................................................... 60 8.2.3 PV ............................................................................................................ 64 8.2.4 Rechargeable Battery Technologies ......................................................... 65 8.2.5 GSHP ....................................................................................................... 73 8.2.6 Solar Thermal Hot Water ......................................................................... 80 9 System Design .......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Registration Document Fiscal 2015 Our Group Our Quality of Life Services Worldreginfo - Dc7de693-44Fd-4C56-B4b0-C2c54fb0ba78 1
    Registration Document Fiscal 2015 Our Group Our Quality of Life services WorldReginfo - dc7de693-44fd-4c56-b4b0-c2c54fb0ba78 1 PRESENTATION OF THE GROUP 1.1 MESSAGES FROM THE CHAIRMAN 1.3 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BOARD, THE AND KEY FIGURES 22 VICE CHAIRWOMAN OF Consolidated revenues 22 THE BOARD AND THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 4 Employees 24 Sites 25 Message from Pierre Bellon Results and Ratios 26 Chairman of the Board of Directors of Sodexo 4 Sodexo Share performance 28 Message from Sophie Bellon Vice Chairwoman of the Board of Directors of Sodexo 8 1.4 OUR GROUP AND OUR Board of Directors of Sodexo 10 QUALITY OF LIFE SERVICES 29 Message from Michel Landel Chief Executive Officer of Sodexo 12 1.4.1 Profile 29 Executive Committee of Sodexo 18 1.4.2 Our Quality of Life Services 31 1.2 OUR HISTORY 20 Sodexo - Fiscal 2015 Registration Document 3 WorldReginfo - dc7de693-44fd-4c56-b4b0-c2c54fb0ba78 1.1 Messages from the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairwoman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer 1 Presentation OF THE GROUP Message from Pierre Bellon Chairman of the Board of Directors of Sodexo Message from PIERRE BELLON Chairman of the Board of Directors of Sodexo I created Sodexo in 1966 and led it for forty years; my daughter Sophie will take over from me as Chairwoman on January 26, 2016. The Board of Directors will appoint me as Honorary Chairman and in this capacity I will provide advice and guidance to Sophie, at her request, to help ease her into her new position.
    [Show full text]
  • Electricity from Wave and Tide
    Electricity from Wave and Tide Electricity from Wave and Tide An Introduction to Marine Energy Paul A. Lynn, BSc (Eng), PhD formerly Imperial College London, UK This edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • CELEBRATIONS! See Centre Spread
    for more information about the SPE’s programme of events, go to www.spe-uk.org magazine of the Aberdeen and London sections SPE review of the Society of Petroleum Engineers issue 250 | May 2011 CELEBRATIONS! see centre spread ISSUE CONTENTS: Contacts 02 London Section Sponsors 02 Upcoming technical meetings 03 London Section 40th anniversary 04-05 Continuing Education events 06 & 07 Forthcoming UK events 07 Consultants listing 07 Recruitment 08 SPECIALIST SEMINAR PROVIDES WELL ABANDONMENT HEALTH CHECK AND HEADS-UP Excellent interaction, together with Now a well-established event in the industry Summing up the event, Seminar Co-chair Sarah practical, agenda-setting presentations calendar, the busy one-day seminar, at Aberdeen Gibson, of Baker Hughes, said: and a first-rate exhibition of latest- Exhibition & Conference Centre, was attended “The exhibits were of excellent standard and clearly by more than 150 oil and gas professionals from companies had spent time thinking about their generation well abandonment the North Sea operator and service company messages and how to make the most of the event. technology and service solutions, were communities. the measures of a highly-successful The conference included a keynote address from “The presentations were very informative and it was SPE Aberdeen 3rd European Well Andrew Carr, of DECC; an update from Jules interesting to see the differences and similarities Abandonment Seminar, on 29 March. Schoenmakers, of Shell, on the guidance and regarding standards across the North Sea. The mix of development initiatives of the Oil and Gas UK industry body representatives, operators and service Well Abandonments Workgroup, and a range of companies provided a comprehensive view of the informative case studies and industry updates current and future well abandonment market.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Shale Gas Working Infrastructure for Business 2013 #6
    Infrastructure for Business Getting shale gas working Infrastructure for Business 2013 #6 2 Getting shale gas working About the report On 21 September 2012, the IoD published a report, Britain’s Shale Gas Potential,1 which concluded that shale gas has the potential to create jobs, generate tax revenues, reduce imports, accelerate the move away from coal and support the growth of renewables. Although exploration is still at an early phase, the UK has substantial quantities of shale gas in place that have the potential to support the creation of an important new industry in parts of the country that need it most. The report also detailed the results of a survey of over 1,000 IoD members, which found that businesses are in favour of careful, well-regulated shale gas development in the UK. On 13 December 2012, the Government lifted the temporary moratorium on exploratory hydraulic fracturing, the technique used for extracting shale gas, and announced new seismic controls.2 Following the lifting of the moratorium, the IoD has studied in detail how a new shale gas industry could develop. This report, which has been sponsored by Cuadrilla Resources Ltd, examines the history of comparable developments; the economic potential of a UK shale gas industry, focusing on Lancashire as an example of a part of the UK that could gain substantially; and the main barriers to its establishment and growth. It also investigates the partnerships that will need to be set up between the industry, its supply chain, local and national government, education and training institutions, and communities to ensure that local businesses, and local people, benefi t from exploration and production.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Summer Outlook Report
    Summer Outlook Revised - 13th April 2015 Roles and Responsibilities National Grid owns the high-voltage electricity transmission network in England and Wales and is the System Operator of the high-voltage electricity transmission network – the country’s power motorways - for the whole of Great Britain. We are responsible for managing the flows of electricity to homes and businesses on a real time basis. We don’t generate the power - neither do we sell it to consumers. We all pay our bills to energy suppliers, who buy enough electricity to meet their customers’ needs from the power stations and other electricity producers. Once that electricity enters our network, our job is to ‘fine tune’ the system to make sure supply and demand match second by second. On the gas side, we are the system owner and operator of the gas transmission network for the whole of Great Britain, responsible for managing the flow of gas to homes and businesses. Like electricity, we do not own the gas we transport and neither do we sell it to consumers, that again is the responsibility of energy suppliers and shippers. Together, these networks connect people to the energy they use. Introduction Welcome to our 2015 Summer Outlook Report. It presents our view of the gas and electricity systems for the summer, which can help the energy industry plan ahead for the coming months. As the country’s System Operator for the gas and electricity transmission networks we work alongside power generators, energy suppliers, gas shippers, analysts and others in the energy industry to meet the challenges we will face.
    [Show full text]
  • Power 2.0: Building a Smarter, Greener, Cheaper Electricity System Power Stations, Storage, Demand Response, and Interconnectors
    The power system in Great Britain is undergoing a radical transformation – Exchange Policy towards a decarbonised, decentralised, and digitalised system. These trends are profoundly changing the structure of the electricity market, and creating new Power 2.0 challenges for the management and operation of the power system. This report argues that in order to further decarbonise the power system, and Building a smarter, greener, integrate renewables, we will need to create a power system which is smarter cheaper electricity system and more flexible. Many technologies can provide this flexibility, including thermal system cheaper electricity greener, 2.0: Building a smarter, Power power stations, storage, demand response, and interconnectors. However, the current policy and regulatory framework appears to favour some of these Richard Howard and Zoe Bengherbi technologies over others. The regulatory framework has struggled to keep up with the pace of change within the power system, and needs to be modernised. This report identifies how to remove the regulatory and policy barriers facing technologies such as demand response and storage, and create a level playing field. It also identifies the need for longer term reform of the wholesale power market to ensure that it values and encourages flexibility, drawing on examples from other power markets such as Germany and the US. Taken together, these proposals could create a power system which is smarter, greener, cheaper, and fit for the 21st Century. £10.00 ISBN: 978-1-910812-20-4 Policy Exchange 8 - 10 Great George Street Westminster London SW1P 3AE www.policyexchange.org.uk Power 2.0 Building a smarter, greener, cheaper electricity system Richard Howard and Zoe Bengherbi Policy Exchange is the UK’s leading think tank.
    [Show full text]
  • NGC System Operator Incentive Scheme from 1 April 2003 – 31 March 2004
    NGC system operator incentive scheme from 1 April 2003 – 31 March 2004 Final Proposals and Statutory Licence Consultation March 2003 16/03 Summary This document sets out Ofgem’s Final Proposals for National Grid Company plc’s (“NGC”) System Operator (“SO”) incentive scheme to apply from 1 April 2003 to 31 March 2004 and also includes the accompanying statutory notice of proposals for modification to NGC’s electricity transmission licence1. NGC’s existing SO incentive scheme was introduced on 1 April 2002 to run until 31 March 2003. Therefore, a new incentive scheme needs to be put in place from 1 April 2003. Given the consultation period required by section 11 of the Electricity Act 1989, this means that the proposed licence modification, when introduced, will have retrospective effect and will apply from 1 April 2003 regardless of the date on which the Authority direction to modify NGC’s licence is made. The past SO incentive schemes, which have been primarily targeted at NGC’s external costs of operating the existing transmission system and balancing overall supply and demand (i.e. the costs to NGC of purchasing balancing services from generators, suppliers and large customers), have delivered substantial benefits over time. Between 1994 (when the first incentive scheme was introduced) and 2001, NGC reduced the annual costs of system operation by more than £400 million. Over the course of the first external SO incentive scheme under the New Electricity Trading Arrangements (NETA) from 27 March 2001 to 31 March 2002, NGC substantially reduced the level of SO costs. As a result of NGC’s performance during the first incentive scheme under NETA, Ofgem was able to reduce the target for the current external SO incentive scheme for the period 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2003 by approximately £25 million.
    [Show full text]
  • National Grid Electricity Transmission System Operator (SO) Incentives for 1 April 2010
    National Grid Electricity Transmission System Operator (SO) Incentives for 1 April 2010 Initial Proposals Consultation Version 1.0 Issued 5th November 2009 Responses requested by 16 December 2009 1 CONTENTS Executive Summary 1. Overview 5 2. Balancing Services Components 20 3. Forecast 54 4. Scheme Design 117 5. IS Impacts 145 6. Summary of Proposals 147 7. List of Questions 149 8. Further information 153 9. Contact Information 154 2 Executive Summary National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) is the National Electricity Transmission System Operator (NETSO) for England, Scotland, Wales and Offshore, defined hereon in as National Grid for simplicity. Under the Transmission Licence, National Grid is obliged to perform Balancing Services Activities (BSA), which are defined as the operation of the transmission system and the procurement and use of Balancing Services required for reliable operation of the transmission system. National Grid is obligated under the terms of the Transmission Licence to balance the system in a safe, efficient, economic and co-ordinated manner. The application of financial incentives encourages National Grid to invest in systems and resources to ensure BSA costs and risks are economically and efficiently managed and that innovative ideas and procedures are developed to reduce costs in return for a share of any savings delivered. The Balancing Services Incentive Scheme (BSIS) is designed to deliver financial benefits to the industry and consumers from reductions in the costs or minimising risk associated with operating the electricity transmission network. The current format of the BSIS has been in place since NETA implementation in 2001. In 2007 Ofgem trialled a new consultation process for SO incentives by asking National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) to lead on the development of Initial Proposals.
    [Show full text]