June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20031 He was very, very interested in some from the time of the report as it was to deny those same first amendment step such as this being taken. issued by the Commission until its in rights to others by the use of violence. Furthermore, Mr. Lloyd cutler, a very troduction today, many alterations have It seems to me that is simple to under prominent and outstanding member of been made. So that process can continue stand. But I still believe that we will have the Washington bar, who served as ad when the matter is brought before the some difficulty working it out, but its pur ministrative director of the Commission, committee and is later brought to the pose is right. did a great deal of legal research on floor of the Senate. I feel that this Sen Mr. HRUSKA. The Senator from Ken the matter and was very helpful in ator and the Senator from Michigan tucky may be right. The Senator knows. phrasing and constructing the language would be very receptive to anything that of course, that, generally, the right to an of this bill. It then went to the Depart would be constructive and helpful to injunction and a temporary restraining ment of Justice, where other research make a well-balanced bill. order is available in many situations just and rewriting was done. There also was Mr. HART. I thank the Senator from like this. An effort has been made to get consultation with the two Members of Nebraska. I described my feeling, and I the essence of the decisional law in this the other body who served on the Com know that it conforms to his. I hope field embodied into the bill, so as to make mission-to wit, Representative HALE that the Commission on Violence will it a matter of statutory procedure rather BOGGS and Representative WILLIAM Mc not be cited as one of those long list of than a general principle of injunctive CULLOCH, of Louisiana and Ohio, respec commissions which file a report and law. tively. then, 15 years later, when someone stum Mr. COOPER. I know there have been I mention those things to indicate that bles over it and opens it and reads it, some trials in my State of Kentucky re this is a well-considered measure, one he discovers a long list of recommenda cently, in the Federal courts, on the gen which has been carefully thought out. tions on which no action has been taken. eral principle of this same subject, in It is my hope that it will be promptly This bill gives Congress the opportunity volving the rights of students, faculties, considered by the proper subcommittee to respond affirmatively to one of the and the administration of the University of the Judiciary Committee and later by most important recommendations which of Kentucky. Thus, I have already re this body itself. the Violence Commission made. ceived some information on this subject. Mr. HART. I share that hope, and I Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I was share the statement just made by the But it seems to me, as both Senators very much interested in the statement of from Nebraska and Michigan have Senator from NebTaska that it was care the Senator from Nebraska and the Sen pointed out, that it is wrong for those fully developed. This does not mean that ator from Michigan. Several weeks ago, who militantly claim their rights, at the as we study it further in committee, im I read an account of the recommenda provement may not be made. It is con same time to deny those very same rights tions of the National Commission on the to others. ceivable that this initial draft falls short Cause and Prevention of Violence, of the objective we seek or includes a Mr. HRUSKA. I thank the Senator chaired by Dr. Milton Eisenhower, on this from Kentucky. feature which none of us at the moment subject, and I was happy to hear the ex is aware of but which would be subject planation given by the two distinguished to legitimate objection. Senators from Nebraska and Michigan. Mr. HRUSKA. The Senator is correct. I am sure that there will be questions ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 11 A.M. Mr. HART. The point of the hearing, arising as to the application and use of TOMORROW however, is to identify any such areas the injunction; nevertheless, it certainly Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, if there and to permit us to improve, and, most seems to me that the purpose of the bill, be no further business to come before important, to permit us to move as a which will be thoroughly considered by the Senate, I move, in accordance with result of that further thoughtful study. the two Senators and their colleagues on the previous order, that the Senate stand Mr. HRUSKA. The Senator is correct the Committee on the Judiciary, is a in adjournment until 11 a.m. tomorrow. in saying that there is room for consid good one. The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 ering any suggestion for amendment or Those who claim to have the right of o'clock and 3 minutes p.m.) the Senate improvement, either by way of widen free speech and dissent, and of petition adjourned until tomorrow, Wednesday, ing or by way of restricting. In fact, to the Government, do not have the right June 17, 1970, at 11 a.m.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
THE CITADEL Mr. President, I ask unanimous con an ancient set ting teeming with tradition, sent that the column entitled "View of where for 127 years a dedicated staff has been the Citadel," written by Dr. Max Raf graduating class after class of young men HON. STROM THURMOND ferty, and published in the Charleston whose academic excellence is exceeded only OF SOUTH CAROLINA News and Courier of June 11, 1970, be by t heir love of country and their healthy IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES reverence for the great traditions out of printed in the Extensions of Remarks. our nat ional past? Tuesday, June 16, 1970 There being no objection, the article A college which proudly stresses its Cadet Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, The was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, Corps of 2,000 men but which also empha Citadel is a distinguished institution of as follows: sizes a fine general education for 4,000 other VIEW OF THE CITADEL students? An institution of higher learning learning in Charleston, S.C. Throughout where every member of the faculty is a dil its 127-year history, it has stood for the (By Max Rafferty) tinguished former military officer? finest in character, education, and pa (EDITOR's NoTE.-This syndicated column (Editor's note : The "general education for triotism. Today it stands in marked con by Max Rafferty, superintedent of education 4,000 other students" refers to the master of trast with many other institutions of for California, has appeared in numerous arts in teaching program, the evening pro higher education, a fact which has not daily newspapers.) gram, t he summer school, sum.er camp for gone unnoticed across the land. "Whatever happened to the strict, no-non boys and Palmetto Boys State. The state sense military school, where boys were ment that every faculty member is a former California's remarkable commissioner turned into men and where patriotism was military officer is a mistake. Many faculty of education, Dr. Max Rafferty, is also a a state of mind to be proud of instead of an members are retired, or reserve officers, but fine newspaper columnist, who frequent object of official scorn?" some are not.) ly writes on the problems of education. Hear ye the authentic voice of an awful lot Incredible, you say, in this day and age? In a recent column, Dr. Rafferty pays of American fathers. You'd be surprised how Not if you know about The Citadel. In case tribute to the historic tradition of the many worried dads write to me in this vein. you don't let me tell you what I found out Citadel, and heaps high praise upon the They look unbelievingly about them at the a short time ago when I :flew back to South institution. well-publicized college campus of today, Carolina to check up on these "incredible" I am delighted that Dr. Rafferty should bristling with beards, fraught with filth, rumors I'd been hearing about a school dripping With disloyalty, and they say, "Oh, which actually a.nd openly stood for decency see fit to honor a South Carolina tradi no! Am I going to have to spend $15,000 to and loyalty and high scholastic standards. tion in this way, and I would like to bring send my kid to THAT?" First, its home town of Charleston is proud this column to the attention of my col Buck up, dad. What would you say to a of The Citadel. It has been since it was leagues. small but thoroughly accredited college in founded. This is a bit of a switch these days, 20032 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 when the residents of so many of our college is much more graphically reflected in ris erable level of unemployment. Also, an un towns are sick at heart over the nauseating ing food, clothing, and housing costs. spoken point, the unemployment would be antics of their local students and faculties. The most tragic aspect of this current among the unskilled, uneducated, mostly Charleston isn't at all sick about The Citadel. young and black, who are also unorganized. Quite the contrary. inflation is the increase of unemploy These are assumed to accept unemployment Second, and closely connected with ment. During May, the unemployment philosophically, there being nothing they can Charleston's pride in its college, is the levels reached 5 percent. There were over do about it. There were no other decisively remarkable record of its graduates in the 4.1 million persons looking for jobs. This adverse side effects from the stabilization service of their country. Fifteen fell for the was an increase of 1.3 million over the measures. Flag in World War I; 280 died in World War December figure. Our production has The difference of opinion was not over the II; and 31 in Korea. slipped badly and the stock market has efficacy of the general measures but over Hundreds are now grimly at grips with technique. Since Keynes, most economists America's enemies in Vietnam. Apparently reflected this economic malaise. It is nec have placed major reliance on fiscal meas the men of The Citadel stand ready to put essary to realize that the unemployment ures--on control of total spending in the their lives where their mouths are, a phe figures do not represent slow downs and economy by means of the Federal budget. nomenon all too rarely encountered among shorter hours that effect many wage Inflation being the problem, this policy con our hysterical college activists. earners. The economic situation for most sisted in making Federal taxes and spending Indeed, it has been always thus. Cadets of people in our society represents a dire sufficiently restraining on total demand in The Citadel fought for the Confederate threat. Wages chase prices without" any the economy. But in recent times there has States at Yemassee Station in 1864 while chance of catching up. been the so-called monetary revival. This h~lping to defend the Charleston and Sa makes control of spending from borrowed vannah Railroad, and their descendants fight In this economically troubled time, the funds the key instrument in the control as gallantly today for Old Glory as their "business as usual" attitude has little of prices. The difference between the ex predecessors did for the stars and Bars. academic or more importantly humani ponents of fiscal and monetary management I met two of the cadet commanders in tarian appeal. In recent weeks Arthur must not be exaggerated. Both believed in the office of Citadel President Hugh Harris, Burn has indicated that some wage price the efficacy of general measures. Both urged who is a four-star general, retired. One of guidelines might be advisable. In a recent some combination of fiscal and monetary the boys was from California, the other from article Harvard Economist John Ken measures. The difference was in the mix. South Carolina. Tremendous young fellows, neth Galbraith recommended a wage The Nixon economists when they came to with shoulders like a. bison and a grip like office a. year ago last January were superla a vise. Clear-eyed. Straight-talking. My kind price freeze for 6 months for major com tively confident of such management. Under of collegians. panies employing more than 100 people. their guidance, the President promised never Third and perhaps most important is the It is now reported that the President to interfere with wages and prices; in one of calioor of The Citadel's leadership. Gen. Har on Wednesday will implement voluntary the more ecstatic examples of economic ris is the latest in a long line of distin wage price controls as symbolic attempts phrase-making, he said that inflation would guished presidents who have recently in to curb inflation. be ended by "fine-tuning" the American cluded Gens. Mark Clark and Charles Sum Mr. Speaker, the economic condition of economy-a figure of speech roughly com merall. Over the year&, they have consistently parable with one about fine-tuning major stood for strict discipline, high standards, this Nation requires more than cosmetic Mississippi flood. The then current inflation and a liberal education in the best sense of changes. It is past time for such sym was blamed on the previous bad manage that term. bolic gestures. An enforced system of ment of the economy--on tuning that was So, dad take hope and heart. There may wage price controls should be imple too coarse. The reaction to anyone who sug not be many Citadels still going strong, but mented. gested that wage and price restraint might there are some. The boys who attend must I am including John Kenneth Gal be necessary was lofty. Pierre Rinfret, the be unmarried, they must live in barracks and braith's article for the benefit of readers consulting economist, dispatching a letter they must behave like gentlemen. They to his clients tell1ng them, quite correctly, work hard, they go to chapel and their ath of the RECORD: that so far as the Administration was con letic teams are honored throughout the [From the New York Times magazine, June 7, cerned, the lid on prices was now off. It is South. 1970] possible that in these first weeks the Ad Now, dad, the rest is up to you. What PROFESSOR GALBRAITH RELUCTANTLY RECOM ministration did more to promote lnflation The Citadel can do, other colleges can do MENDS WAGE-PRICE CONTROLs--THE CURE than it accomplished in the next year and a also, if you just start sending Junior to in FOR RUNAWAY INFLATION half in controlling it. But promises "that inflation would end stitutions like this one instead of to the (By John Kenneth Galbraith) pot-puffing, obscenely placarded, confronta were not lacking. Advising the President of tion-minded colleges where your son and These last few months have, just possibly, the United States on economic policy, since thousands of other men's sons wind up been decisive in the modern history of eco few Presidents find the subject at all inter these days, largely as the result of nomics. Ideas in which economists have re esting, is tedious work. The tedium is re sheer apathy and yawning indifference on posed the greatest confidence have been lieved, after a fashion, by the liturgical func your part. proved wrong and therewith, not surpris tions of the office. Every week in the year It's your money, you know. You can spend ingly, the responding policy. And this has some convocation of businessmen, bankers, it to subsidize centers of sex, drugs and trea happened under circumstances which admit economic sages or professional seers is as son, or you can spend it on citadels of schol of no really plausible explanation, rationali sembling somewhere in the United States. arship, morality and patriotism. It's still a zation, or alibi-things in which we econ Often combining business with tax deducti free country. omists are more than minimally accom bility, they meet at the better spas. All of And certainly the answer you come up with plished. There was, to be sure, more than a these-the South Florida. Savings Bank As is going to be important to you. But it's suspicion of error before; the evidence was sociation, the John Hancock Mill1on Dollar going to be one heck of a lot more last highly adverse to the reputable ideas. But the Club, the Associated Sport and Saddle Shoe ingly important to your son. heretics were a minority and the adverse evi Manufacturers of America-have a. prescrip dence could be attributed to a. lag. In eco tive right to economic education by mem nomics, any inconvenient disassociaton of bers of the Council of Economic Advisers. effect from cause is always attributed to a The speeches so given are not always in THE BURDEN OF INFLATION lag. But not forever. formative. But they are firmly repetitious and The doctrine was, of course, that the during the first year and a half of the Nixon United States economy could be regulated by Administration, all promised that inflation HON. JEFFERY COHELAN general measures in such manner that prices would end, that prices would become stable. would be approximately stable. A "trade-off," Always the stability would come approxi OF CALIFORNIA a new and popular word among economists, mately two quarters in the future. As the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would ~xist between price stabilty and em promises continued, so at an increasing rate Tuesday, June 16, 1970 ployment. The closer the approach to level did the inflation. (In time, the date when the prices, the more people who would be out promise would give way to performance was Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, as this of work; the lower the unemployment, the given a Uttle more "lag.") Dr. Paul W. Mc Nation is burdened by the continuation greater the rate of price increase. The rela Cracken, the h~ad of the Council of Eco of inflationary pressures, coupled with tionship had been given quantitatve expres nomic Advisers, became, perhaps, the most some movement toward recession, it is sion by the so-called Phillips curve-the an overpromised man in the history of the nual rate of price increase which, on the basis economics profession. There 1s an unfor painfully apparent that the administra of historical data, could be expected to ac tunate tendency in public life when you tion's total reliance on monetary re company any particular percentage of unem want something to happen to predict that straints is not adequate. Within the last ployment in the labor force. The choice be it will happen. And then when it does not few weeks it was announced that the tween unemployment and inflation so shown happen, you escalate the predictions. Not President's slim budget surplus turned seemed to be essentially benign-reasonable since Herbert Hoover predicted the turning into a deficit, but the burden of inflation price stability could be combined with a. tol- of the immortal corner has prediction June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20033 therapy been so remorselessly pursued as in flation." In April, alas, even this modest ex the economists of the Kennedy-Johnson the last 18 months. It was called the "game pectation was defeated. There was an in period are ducking reality when they talk plan" for defeating inflation. There has been crease in the rate of inflation. Meanwhile un about a return to the voluntary guideposts. no game quite like it since the Rose Bowl of employment has risen to nearly 5 per cent of (As this goes to press, a pellmell rush is 1929, when Roy Riegels ran 75 yards to the labor force and exceedingly uncomfort developing toward this particular escape ward the wrong goal. able side effects of the policy have appeared. hatch.) The guideposts will not do. They were Outside the Administration, the view was Smaller businessmen who must borrow money not strong enough before; even stronger slightly less sanguine. But the economists are being punished with a highly selective measures are now required. Also voluntary who had t:.erved the Kennedy-Johnson Ad brutality. Tight money does not much hurt measures are highly discriminatory. They fa ministration did not strongly question the the big corporation which has internal cash vor the individual or organization which re reliance on general measures. In the early flow and a favored position at the banks. In fuses to comply and penalize those that are sixties, prices were fairly stable. Unemploy contrast the policy has put the housing in cooperative. This guarantees their eventual ment, though initially high, was falling dustry into an acute depression, as the Ad breakdown. And there is nothing to be said from an annual average of 6.7 per cent of the ministration itself concedes. The continuing for billingsgate as an enforcement device. It labor force in 1961 to 4.5 in 1965. These were price increases in the private sector of the is much better public practice to lay down the years of the so-called guideposts, which economy have been exported to the public fair firm rules after careful consultation with meant that wage increases were held on the sector as increases in living costs. And there, all concerned and then, when someone vio .average to what industry generally could af among teachers, police, firemen and sanita lates the rules, have resort to law. ford from productivity gains. And industry tion workers, they are causing an unprece Given wage and price controls, interest accordingly was persuaded to forgo price in dented but wholly predictable turmoil. "The rates can be reduced for they will not have creases. Enforcement was hortatory; it was balance of payments is also weakening again. to carry the present burden of inflation con a price increase by U.S. Steel in violation of Finally, there has been the effect on the trol, which they cannot carry anyway. With this general understanding that provoked financial markets. These had been made vul lower rates, home construction would in President Kennedy's eloquent denunciation nerable by jerry-built and debt-burdened crease, the pressure on small business would of the corporation in April, 1962. The eco conglomerates, overbidden glamour stocks be reduced, employment would rise, and all nomics underlying the guideposts obviously and the multiplication of the mutual funds without a new surge of inflation. Were this ,accords a prime determining role in price headed by financial geniuses whose genius policy combined with prompt withdrawal making to unions and corporations. That is consisted only in a rising market. Under the from Indochina-which would ease the pres why they must be restrained. But this power pressure of the tight money policy, this price sure of demand and, a more important mat is not greatly stressed in standard, macro structure has collapsed. This had to happen ter, restore our reputation for elementary economic doctrine--roughly the economics sometime. But further pressure on the finan good sense--the immediate economic prob of the textbooks-which holds that prices cial market would be very uncomfortable for lem would be largely solved. are set in markets, and respond well to all involved. Such price and wage action, it is said, in changes in demand. So even in the Kennedy Within the framework of general measures, terferes with free markets. This is self Johnson years, the guideposts were the poor there is almost nothing the Administration evident nonsense. The policy interferes with relation of economic policy. We economists can do. It is trapped. It could allow an in markets in which the interference of unions greatly prefer to believe what we teach. When crease in loanable funds at lower rates. This and corporations is already plenary. It fixes in the guideposts later came under pressure would ease unemployment, encourage home the public interest prices that are already from the Vietnam war, they were not construction and ease the sorrow in Wall fixed. strengthened but abandoned. As the Kennedy Street. But inflation is still at a near-record Only prices that are so set by unions and and Johnson economists returned to the rate. This action would make it worse. And strong corporations need to be (or should campus, talk of wage and price restraint was just ahead are wage negotiations which, with be) controlled. Prices of farm products, most muted. The guideposts were defended .as a the compensating price increases, will give services and products of small manufacturers useful adjunct to the policy-more cosmetic that inflation another protean shove. To need not and should not be touched. These than real: It was fiscal and monetary policy continue the present policy is to accept the are still subject to market influences. Where that really counted. Almost no one talked side effects and to invite more of the infla prices are still set by the market, general about making the guidelines mandatory, tion that the policy has not cured. To tighten measures to restrict demand still work-or i.e., making them work. That was too up and end the inflation is to invite worse they do as much as can be done As one needs radical. side effects and perhaps a serious recession. to set prices that are already ·set, one does There was never any strong proof that There are many misfortunes that can befall not need to interfere with the market where high employment and stable prices could be an economist. The worst, by far, is to have the market still governs. combined. Much of the proof antedated mod a theory in which he devoutly believes, and Over the years I have experimented with ern corporate price-making and collective which is wrong, put into practice. various ideas for such a limited system of 'bargaining. Rather there were hope and The response of the Administration econ wage and price control. (I am not without faith. But in economics, hope and faith co omists to their entrapment is a rewarding experience in the matter or in the difficulties exist with great scientific pretension and also study-or would be were the matter not so involved. During World War II, price con a deep desire for respectability. Fiscal and serious. Economics, like foreign policy, allows trol was under my direction from its incep monetary measures in whatever mix are im for an escape from error through what may tion until mid-1943. No one else, I sup peccably respectable, and the question of be called the Indochina effect. This generous pose, has ever fixed so many prices.) But the particular mix is the kind of thing that device enables a man who has been wrong to the most practical pending proposal is not can be resolved between gentlemen. Control denounce his previous position without ad mine, but that of Robert Roosa, former of wages and prices has no similar standing. mitting error and, by becoming right, thus Under Secretary of the Treasury under Ken Its advocates have been thought to lack greatly to enhance his reputation. Arthur nedy and now a leading Wall Street banker. subtlety of mind and manners-to go too Burns, now Chairman of the Federal Reserve He would simply freeze all prices and wages abruptly to the point. The sociology of eco Board, has taken this route. He now demands for six months. During this time, presum nomics is 'llot without interest and by the wage-price guideposts he previously con ably, there would be extensive consultation no means unimportant. demned. His transmigration is still incom with firms and unions to work out a more The flaw in the respectable doctrine is the plete, for he proposes something less strong durable system of restraint. appalling obduracy of circumstances. Wages than the Kennedy-Johnson measures, which Such a course would get immediate results do now shove up prices. Prices do pull up themselves proved too weak. Dr. McCracken while offering eventual accommodation to wages. The bargaining that produces the has been more complex. He admits the cause the problems and inequities of particular wage and price increases continues even but refuses the remedy. In a speech in Dallas unions and industries. It would be possible under conditions of severe fiscal and mone this April, he noted that in the fourth quar to incorporate in the Roosa proposal ar tary restraint. It is almost as though those ter of 1969, labor costs per unit of output rangements for an even earlier correction engaged in collective bargaining and cor (which were about 75 per cent of total costs) of gross irregula-rities. And immediately after porate price-making were out to discredit the were rising at an annual rate of 7 per cent. the freeze, all small enterprises--those em best economic scholarship. Circumstances He then went on to say that "both evidence ploying, say, fewer than a hundred people- can be unbelievably cruel. and theory are pretty clear that a rising coot should be exempted. I would also exempt all Accordingly, after a full year and a half of level tends to mean a rising price level." retail firms; they have little independent t he most rigorous application of the general Later he condemned controls. One thinks, market power. The objective is not perfectly measures, prices are still rising at a nearly somehow, of a fireman who finds fire to be a level prices, but something much better than record rate. Dr. McCracken and his colleagues cause of property loss, but greatly opposes the grossly inflationary thrust of the present have been forced to take comfort from the water as a way of putting it out. wage-price spiral. The long-run objective is, fact that the rate at which the inflation is For, in fact, the only answer is one that of course, an annual wage gain that accords getting worse h...s been declining-or, as Her has for so long been dismissed as too dis roughly with the increase in productivity bert Stein of the Council of Economic Ad reputable. That is to act directly on the and thus requires no general increase in visers did recently, from the even more exigu wage-price spiral-to have wage and price prices. ous fact that "the behavior of prices in the control where the spiral contributes actively Controls are not a temporary expedient. past year has been consistent with [the] to in:flation. There must, alas, be a permanent system of expectation of .a decline in the rate of in- This must be real control. Dr. Burns and restraint. That is because we will continue CXVI--1263-Part 15 20034 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 to have strong unions and strong corpora that virtue and pain were twin-born into forgot what I heard, and when I returned to tions and a desire to minimize unemploy this world, over three centuries ago in an America I volunteered for the Air Force. ment. The combination, in the absence of open field near Edinburgh, had once distin After that, in violation of every rule of mili controls, is inflationary. It will not become guished the family by giving a sermon that tary common sense. I volunteered repeatedly otherwise in the future. lasted five hours, presumably without inter for combat against Germany, where I knew No one who has had experience with war ruption of intermission. I have always ad I had an undying grievance. I was sent, how time price control will be casual about the mired this man, although I never knew which ever, to the South Pacific where I was or problems in managing it. Nor is it a formula to admire more, his voice or his kidneys. dered to engage in the destruction of Japan, for popularity; everyone unites in disliking There is no evidence that his heroic effort a nation whose people I had lived among the price-fixer. But if it is confined to the changed either the course of history or even briefly and for whom then as now, I felt a unions and to the corporations with market one man's mind, but in a culture which has profound affection. Engaged in that destruc power, as here proposed, the administratuld appear in Cornwall if the nation faced at that time by forming the Airport Secu time tells airlines what and when and how destruction. Spain had been England's en rity Committee. they had losses, but he was not invited to emy for so long that an assumption had also Asked if the Attorney General might have attend the entire meeting. grown up tha.t St. Michael, when he ap something concrete, Mr. Oelschlager says, Says Mr. Oelschlager: "The ATA is made peared, would always look toward Spain. But "As far as I can determine he is just getting up of member airlines. These are the same Time falsifies fixed ideas and Spain, actually, into the act now." lines th81t are in the New York project. I am had long since ceased to be England's princi But, says Mario Noto, Executive Director reasonably sure that if they need his advice pal enemy; rather, the peril now was from of the Airport Security Council: "There isn't they'll get it." within, from growing anger and violence, any doubt about it." Says Mr. Steele: "His duties are too de from inflated rhetoric and lack of under Mr. Noto told the members of the security manding in New York for us to take his time standing, and a young poet, who knew this, council in a memorandum dated Jan. 26, elsewhere in the country except for some believed that the Angel was now looking in that Kennedy Airport's high level of thefts thing exceptional." the wrong direction. He tried to give England and pilferage of currency, precious metals, He explains that security problems "are not a new policy and he succeeded, rut least, in wearing apparel and watches has "indicated a question of expertise, but rather problems giving her a great line of poetry when he an extensive and close collusion in the per of administration and the ability to bear wrote--Look homeward, Angel, now and petration of these crimes with airline em down in areas." melt with truth-that is, with pity, with ployees who have had either direct or in The Airport Security Council "has per compassion. direct knowledge concerning specific details formed admirably under the direction of Mr. Historians, in a way, are lucky people. of airline shipping movements and custody Noto," he says. "For the first time there is They look back and discover all the mis status of such items." an impartial person to act as a central place takes, rectify all the errors, write epitaphs The difference in approach between the for information, to conduct seminars. For the and sometimes prognostications. If I were ATA and Mr. Noto goes beyond the natural first time there is someone objectively survey a future historian of America, this is what I airline inclination to be reluctant to admit ing the situation and conducting reporting." would like to be able to write: the crime situation may be so serious it even Mr. Noto's reporting system was a response "Americans of the mid-twentieth century includes the Mafia, and the security man's to the N.Y. State Investigation Commission's were large, loud and sensate; they had "accept it and let's get on with the preven observation that it was impossible to collect learned how to make and build and fight, all tion" attitude. data regarding cargo thefts. of which had been necessary. But a new ATA president Stuart G. Tipton has testi According to the reporting system, for the American was needed, one who knew how to fied before a Senate committee that "ap period March-December 1969 there were 569 give, to feel and especially how to yield, prehension and prosecution of these vio cases of missing cargo with a value of $2,936,- how to harness and tame all that assertive lators is the most effective deterrent to 963. Total cargo going through Kennedy for ness, all that egoistic energy that strove to crime." tha;t period is estimated at 623,195 tons, make the world over into its own image. The Says Mr. Noto: "The most effective deter valued at $7,918,330,000. Americans had subdued nature, conquered rent to crime is erecting impenetrable bar Figures kept by the Port of New York Au disease and diminished space, but there was riers between the criminal and the merchan thority for that period total $3,180,492, but something unlovely in their method, some dise. The least is catching the thief. One these figures include non-airline losses like thing that lacked gentleness and silence. manager with deterrent measures is more cargo hijacked from trucks. The Port's full They needed a new and softer music of the effective than many policemen. It doesn't do year figures for 1969 are $3,314,482 from 507 inner life. At that time there arose a new you any good to lock the barn door after reports. In 1968, before Mr. Noto instituted generation which turned away from the wards." his reporting system, the port was informed jungles of Asia and the deserts of the moon. So, Mr. Noto is using the security council of only 216 thefts at a total of $1,705,608. It was a generation which looked home in New York to instigate preventive meas Since it is obvious that the Port's figures ward-with compassion." ures like requiring identification badges in reflect an increase in reporting rather than 20036 EXTENSIONS OF_REMARKS June 16, 1970 an increase in crime, no one really knows if One of the great strengths of the Amer 17-year-olds and 16-year-olds who join the theft and pilferage has increased or de ican system is that it permits diversity among armed services, and they too would be denied creased. What is known is that the value of the states, allowing them to establish the the vote under the 18-year-old rule. the cargo shipped through Kennedy in 1969 essential conditions under which the fran We believe that in order to change the vot is 83 per cent above that shipped the year chise is exercised. ing age a constitutional amendment is neces before. Also, more oases of airline loss are Comparative results emerging from the sary. There is nothing in the Constitution being reported to Mr. Noto-569 for ten variations give us a method of judging the that says that Congress can usurp the powers months compared to 507 for 12 months to the value of one approach as contrasted with of the states in setting the qualifications for Port Authority. another, while the reservation of authority to voting, as long as equal protection of the Taking all these factors into consideration, the states undergirds their role in balancing laws is applied. Mr. Noto maintains that the measures insti off the central power. We are also inclined to ask why, if the tuted by the Airport Security Council have In recent years there has been a headlong criterion for voting should be the payment definitely cut down on airline losses and have trend to homogenize the nation into a single of taxes or service in the armed forces, should made it more difficult for crimes to be com unitary system, with the authorities in Wash not attempts be made to limit voting rights mitted. ington dictating more and more to the sev to only those who do so? Among the measures adopted by the coun eral states. cil is a photograph identification badge sys This tendency has been particularly nota tem covering over 14,000 cargo employees and ble in the field of voting and representation, also non-airline personnel-truckers, cus where a torrent of court decisions has pushed toms brokers, service personnel-who need the states toward uniform adherence to lib THE EFFECT OF AN UNCONSTITU access to the cargo areas. Before this step eral doctrines of total plebiscitary democracy. TIONAL VOTE anyone could enter cargo areas without iden Now the U.S. Senate, with some conserv tification. atives going along, seems to have caught Mechanical devices----ranging from locks the fever. It has acted on the assumption and safes to closed circuit television and dual that the Congress can and should take over HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL lens cameras had been installed by 69 percent essential functions of determining the fran OFVmGINIA of the carriers as of Dec. 1969. chise in the several states, simply by leg IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Other improvements include beefed up islative enactment. Tuesday, June 16, 1970 numbers of security guards, a standardized The presumption behind the move tells document for release Of cargo information, us a great deal about the decay of the fed Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. strengthened central depositories for high eral balance, and the reading is an unpleas Speaker, this body will soon have to de value cargo, and cooperation between the ant one. cide whether or not it will risk passing carriers, law enforcement agencies and other On substantive and procedural grounds private and public agencies. Employment ap alike, therefore, we believe the Senate's ac a law giving 18-year-olds the right to plications have been revised, and channels of tion is mistaken. We hope the Senate-House vote. The risk involves the constitution responsibility for handling cargo have been conferees will act more responsibly, and move ality of such a law and the effect of an devised. to strike the 18-year-old vote proposal from unconstitutional vote in a national elec Mr. Noto holds seminars among airline the voting rights bill. tion. personnel to discuss cargo problems and give As the Richmond News Leader of security training. His staff is preparing a March 31 said, "Think of the cost. Draw security manual. a mental picture, if you can, of the The next move is up to the Justice Depart LOWERING THE VOTING AGE ment or the Treasury Department, which is mess." considering legislation dealing with airport Mr. Speaker, I insert the News Leader a.nd. dock thefts. In the meantime, shippers HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY editorial of that date in the RECORD: can keep an eye on security rut other airports. OF INDIANA [From the Richmond News Leader, And, says Mr. Nato, "if shippers would Mar. 31, 1970] intensify containerization and intermodal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE EFFECT OF AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL VoTE transportation it would be a tremendous Tuesday, June 16, 1970 deterrent." Congressman Emanuel Celler reportedly Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, the Indian has capitulated to superior pressure--if not to superior reason-and will not prevent the THE 18-YEAR-OLDS VOTING apolis Star last spring made the point vote-18 issue from reaching the House :floor. that there "is nothing in the Constitu So it looks as though very soon the House tion that says the Congress can usurp will approve the vote-18 measure already HON. JOHN J. RHODES the 'pOwers of the States in setting up the passed by the Senate, and that Congress will OF ARIZONA qualifications for voting, as long as equal give itself the authority to set the voting age at 18 nationally. Most likely it is too late IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES protection of the laws is applied." This statement reflects the views of to say anything more that might dissuade Tuesday, June 16, 1970 the House of Representatives from the folly many Members of the Congress and the it seems determined to commit [editorials Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, on March President of the United States. I insert February 24 and March 131. But a few addi 31 the Arizona Republic outlined some the entire editorial from the Star of tional points deserve airing nevertheless. valid objections to the proposal that the March 23 in the RECORD: Such vote-18 proponents as Senators national voting age be lowered to 18 by [From the Indianapolis Star, Mar. 23, 1970] Barry Goldwater and Edward Kennedy ac congressional fiat. OLD ENOUGH To? knowledge that when the Founders wrote Those objections are some of the rea Article I of the Constitution in 1787, they sons thi·s legislation is opposed by many The Senate has passed an amendment to unquestionably intended to leave voting age the voting rights bill that would lower the requirement s to the States. Yet Senators Congressmen and by the President. voting age in Federal and other elections to Goldwater, Kennedy et al argue that the I call to the attention of my colleagues 18. There were no vocal opponents to lower Founders did not write the Fourteenth the editorial from the Arizona Republic ing the age to 18. Opposition centered around Amendment, added to the Constitution 80 entitled "A Bad Idea": a constitutional issue. years later-the legal basis for their conten [From the Arizona Republic, Mar. 31, 1970] The Constitution leaves the establishment tion. But even the Fourteenth Amendment, of voting requirements to the states. For in the relevant section of which is quoted be A BAD IDEA stance, Georgia has already lowered the vat low, contains implicit recognition of 21 as The move in the U.S. Senate to lower the ting age to 18 by state action. the minimum acceptable voting age. The voting age to 18 by legislative fiat is a bad It is interesting to note that Senators quoted section appears to render this argu one on several counts. Kennedy and Goldwater both supported the ment of the vote-18 proponents beside the One could argue at length about the mer move to lower the voting age to 18. The gen point. its of reducing the age limits. eral tenor of their arguments was familiar Then, too, the nation is told that it must For the moment, however, that considera if you are old enough to fight or old enough have an 18-year-old voting age, because to tion can be set aside. A prior objection to to pay taxes, you are old enough to vote. deny the vote to citizens between 18 and 21 the Senate's action concerns the assump But this argument might be put in an on the grounds that they lack maturity and tion that voting standards across the na other way. If you pay taxes and fight for your Wisdom to vote, is invidious discrimination tion should be changed simply by a decision country, you should be allowed to vote. Mil in violation of the equal protection clause of the national legislature. lions of 18, 19 and 20-year-old youths may of the Fourteenth Amendment. According to Whether this is constitutionally permis be old enough under the law to pay taxes and such reasoning, would it not be equally invi sible is itself a moot point. That it is phil serve in the armed services. Millions of them dious to deny the vote to 17-year-olds or, for osophically unsound should be apparent to do not. There are 17-year-olds and 16-year that matter, to 12-year-olds? Why does 18 anyone who favors the federal idea of gov olds who pay taxes, but they would be denied hold more powerful magic than 21 or any ernment. the vote under the Senate bill. There are other age? June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20037 Of course, many advocates of a lower vot cally practicing spiritual and mental gen JEANNETTE RANKIN'S BIRTHDAY ing age mouth that delightfully illogical ocide on over 1,500 American prisoners DINNER maxim that if you're old enough to fight of war and their families. for your country you're old enough to vote. How long? By the same logic, the reverse of the maxim HON. ARNOLD OLSEN would be true-i.e., that if you're too old to OF MONTANA fight for your country, you're too old to vote. Moreover, the Constitution sets 25 as the SEVEN-PERCENT INVESTMENT TAX IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES minimum eligibility for Congressman, 30 for CREDIT Thursday, June 11, 1970 Senators, 35 for Presidents. By the same reasoning of the vote-18 aficianados such Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, last Thurs stipulations are absurd, for anyone old HON. ROBERT V. DENNEY day evening, June 11, some 200 friends enough to be a Congressman is old enough OF NEBRASKA and admirers gathered to wish Miss to be a Senator, and anyone old enough to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jeanette Rankin a happy 90th birthday. be a Senator is old enough to be President. Tuesday, June 16, 1970 There were numerous distinguished Perhaps the aspect of the vote-18 move guests on hand that paid homage to this ment with the largest capacity for mischief, Mr. DENNEY. Mr. Speaker, last De however, is this: Competent legal minds dis great lady and former Member of this agree about whether Congress has the power cember, Congress repealed the 7-percent body. For those who were unable to at to set a national voting age-any national investment tax credit under which a part tend the dinner I am inserting the ac voting age. There is no doubt that a national of the cost of new equipment could be counts that the Washington Post and voting age can be set by const itutional subtracted from Federal income tax lia the Washington Evening Star published, ·amendmenrt; there is considerable doubt bility. An effort to retain the credit on along with two telegrams that were read that Congress can do so by statute. What a limited basis failed in the Senate-House at the dinner: happens, then, if Congress establishes a na conference. Citing the plight of small (From the Washington Post] tional voting age and, after the 1972 elec business and the farmer, I have intro tions, the Supreme Court finds that statu duced a bill, H.R. 16377, to restore the ORIGINAL DoVE OF PEACE tory provision to be unconstitutional? Do (By Margaret Crimmins) you nullify the electoral results? Do you investment tax credit on investment up to $15,000 in 1 year. Independent busi This country may be on a youth kick, but hold elections again, disenfranchising 18- it was the over-50s who were rapping about year-olds? Imagine the confusion and the nessmen, voting through the National peace last night. bitterness. Think of the cost. Draw a mental Federation of Independent Business, back The "Happy Birthday, Jeannette Rankin" picture, if you can, of the mess. this proposal with 82 percent in favor, 14 celebration at the Rayburn House Office It used to be that Congress was a steady percent opposed, and 4 percent with no Building had many of the older peaceniks ing influence in American life: It acted delib firm opinion. there. erately e.nd with studied care. Not any Miss Rankin, who marked her 90th birth more. Congress too often a.cts as a revolu I would like to take this opportunity to place in the RECORD the State break day yesterday, is, of course, the original tionizing agent. This vote-18 business is a peacenik. As the nation's first congress case in point. The legal questions involved down of these figures as released by the woman, she voted against entry of the are complex and profound. Yet Congress National Federation of Independent United States in both World War I and seems determined to toss caution out the Business. They are as follows: World War II. She cast the lone negative window and to jump aboard a bandwagon STATE BREAKDOWN FIGURES TO AMEND TAX CODE TO vote on the World War II question. that the nation's college students care little Among those paying tribute to the indom about, if one can believe the results of a RESTORE THE 7 PERCENT INVESTMENT CREDIT FOR SMALL BUSINESS AND FARMERS itable Montana woman were former Alaskan Virginia Education Association survey of Sen. Ernest Gruening, who was one of the undergraduate leaders at Virginia's colleges lone dissenters on the Tonkin Gulf resolu and universities. This is a contrived issue, an Percent Percent Percent State in favor against undecided tion, and Senate Democratic Leader, Mike issue that carries within it the potential for Mansfield, who played a major role in yester extensive damage to the stability of the day's defeat of the Byrd Amendment. American system. Is it too late to hope that Alabama ______88 11 1 "Let us not merely praise Jeannette, but Congress will recover its senses, and leave Alaska ______83 9 8 Arizona ______86 10 4 let us follow in her footsteps" . . . said the voting age to the States? Arkansas ______80 15 5 Gruening. RELEVANT SECTION g~:~~:~~~ ~~~~~~~=~~~~~===~= ~} }~ ~ Sen. Margaret Chase Smith (R-Me.), the Fourteenth Amendment, Section 2-Rep Connecticut______79 15 6 only woman in the Senate, said she "owes resentatives shall be apportioned among the Delaware______84 16 ------a. large debt to Jeannette Rankin. She broke several States according to their respective Florida ______82 14 4 the way for me by being elected in 1916. numbers, counting the whole number of per 1 "I salute her for being the original dove sons in each State excluding Indians not ~:~:lrIdaho ______-::~~ ~~______=~=~=== =~___==~=__ 86gr 12~ 2~ in Congress. Senate doves shot down the taxed. But when the right to vote at any Illinois______85 12 3 Byrd amendment. Even I voted against it. election for the choice of electors for Presi Indiana ______82 15 3 Perhaps it was Miss Rankin's influence on Iowa ______81 16 3 dent and Vice President of the United States, Kansas ______81 16 3 such a. stubborn hawk as I have been known Representatives in Congress, the Executive to be." and Judicial oftlcers of a. State, or members ~~~~~~~t ==~=~=~~=~=~=~~= ~ ~~ fi ~ Sen. Mansfield put a hand on Miss Ran of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any Maine ______72 21 7 kin's shoulder and looked down at her affec Maryland ______85 13 2 of the male inhabitants of such State, being Massachusetts ____ : ______81 14 5 tionately: "Jeannette, the difference be twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the Michigan ______83 13 4 tween your days and ours is that in your United States, or in any way abridged, ex Minnesota ______87 10 3 day they used to give Congress a chance to cept for participation in rebellion, or other Mississippi______82 14 4 declare wars." Missouri______80 16 4 crime, the basis of representation therein Montana ______87 11 2 Sen. Mansfield, asked for a comment on shall be reduced in the proportion which the Nebraska ______83 15 2 the defeat of the Byrd amendment, which number of such male citizens shall bear to Nevada ______77 17 6 would have authorized President Nixon to New Hampshire ______90 10 ------send U.S. t roops back into Cambodia without the whole number of male citizens twenty New Jersey______83 14 3 one years of age in such State. New Mexico______87 10 3 seeking advance consent of Congress after New York _------83 14 3 July 1, had three terse words: North Carolina __ ------85 13 2 "We were lucky." North Dakota __ ------90 8 2 Rep. Arnold Olsen (D-Mont.) said, "You Ohio ______------____ 83 14 3 MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN Oklahoma ______81 15 4 look at the record now. We're voting your HOW LONG? Oregon ______77 15 8 way, Jeannette." Pennsylvania ______84 14 2 Miss Rankin, wearing the ash blond wig Rhode Island ______90 ------10 she wears most of the time and is not shy South Carolina _------87 10 3 HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE South Dakota ______79 18 3 in talking about it, answered the emotional OF IOWA Tennessee ______86 10 4 tributes to her and her leadership in peace Texas______81 16 3 and women suffrage by saying: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Utah ______78 19 3 Vermont______82 14 4 "After 90 years, I am old enough. My skull Tuesday, June 16, 1970 Virgin ia __ ------84 13 3 is so thick I won't take all you've said too Washington ______86 12 2 seriously. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child Wash i n ~on , D.C.l ______West Virginia______79 16 5 "As a child I always wanted to live dur asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: Wisconsin ______82 15 3 ing the time of the American Revolution. "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my Wyoming______76 20 4 It was a very t ame time compared to what husband alive or dead?" 1s going on today. I have never left Congress. Communist North Vietnam is sadisti- t Returns incomplete. When Sens. Morse and Gruening voted 20038 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 against the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, I voted 56 Famed as one of members of Congress JACK BRooKS from Texas for a very stir With them.H to vote against American involvement in Miss Rankin said she is constantly telling World War I and the sole dissenting voice ring program which appropriately gives women they should write their congress in the vote for World War II, Miss Rankin us an opportunity to rededicate our per men. chided that, "when Wayne Morse and Sen. sonal devotion of the all-important val "If you don't get an answer, keep writing. Gruening voted against the Tonkin amend ues of freedom and human rights. As the I do warn them, however, not to write oftener ment, I voted with them." gentleman from Texas has eloquently than once a week." She is perpetually on the campaign trail, pointed out to us today, our flag is a sym Some 200 birthday celebrants joined in speaking as clearly as in the days when she bol of hope, opportunity and promise to singing "Happy Birthday, dear Jeannette" fought for women's suffrage. She said last and toasted her with champagne. Her fans night: all who value freedom as a way of life. came from as far away as California. One "The first thing In changing a habit is We must emphasize that the promise professor from the University of New Hamp making up your mind. War is a habit and of equality of opportunity, freedom and shire said he came because he knew Miss when an emergency comes, they fall back justice is truly a promise to all people Rankin was an editor of the Women's Suff on it." regardless of their origin, race, creed, or rage Journal around 1917. "We can get a President out of office but social, or economic background. None of "I had to be here," he said. "Miss Rankin we can't elect one .. . we must go back to was 50 years ahead of her time. She has been letting people choose and live by their us are so short-sighted that we do not a shining light to everyone who believes in choice." realize that in our history there have peace and women's rights all these years." "Half the people are women and half the been times when these promises were not Among other guests was a minister from people aren't expressing themselves, because kept for all our people. There are some Watkinsville, Ga., the Rev. Ted Harris, who they've been told for so long to keep quiet today who say that they are not being 1s writing a doctoral thesis on Miss Rankin, and to be good." kept now. I would pose only this entitled "Jeannette Rankin: Warring Pac Broken hip notwithstanding, Miss Rankin thought-that the mere fact that these ifist." spoke articulately last night and with great deficiencies in the equality of opportunity "She keeps apologizing for taking my intensity about many of the same issues she time," said Harris. faced as a two term Republican member of are recognized and that people are speak The salty and grandly chic woman, de the House from Montana (1917-1919, 19-H- ing out vigorously to correct these defi scribed by one guest as "quite a vamp when 1943). ciencies is probably the most dramatic she gets all dressed up in black and serves "The only difference between the time you proof that we do truly have a democratic sherry," lives most of the time now in Wat served in Congress and the time we served," freedom to speak our mind and work to kinsville, where she is crusading now for a Sen. Mansfield said, "is that in your day correct what we feel is wrong. I feel that ..direct preferential vote for president," in they used to declare war and give Congress in this system of ours that is not only which the voter would express first, second, a chance." a freedom, but an obligation of good cit third, fourth and fifth choices for President. In her review last night of her most heart Her house has pressed dirt flowers, covered felt concerns, many of the guests said they izenship. These are the principles for with rugs. were hearing echoes of speeches of a woman which this country and its flag stand, Miss Rankin, who broke her hip in April, elected to Congress before other women even and in the words of Jack Brooks, may I when she was preparing for an American had the vote. call on all Americans "to rededicate their Civil Liberties Union trip to Russia, seems Sen. Lee Metcalf was prompted to com energies to the construction of a society out of place in a wheelchair. ment, "She is young at heart ... has survived in which the democratic values of lib "I slipped and fell because I didn't have a generation gap, jumped over several other erty and freedom may take root and a good man beside me to hold me up," she generations and stands shoulder to shoulder said. with the youth of today." flourish for the benefit of generations to· Her wheelchair is marked with a small ad Among others who spoke glowingly and come." hesive tape tag, scrawled "J. Rankin." The personally were Sen. Margaret Chase Smith, name was larger and more impressive than who served with Miss Rankin in the 1941 that last night. session, and former Senators Burton Wheeler INSIDE NORTH VIETNAM A prayer written by Miss Rankin's great and Gerald Nye. nephew, Eric Ronhovde, of the State Depart ment, expressed part of the feeling: HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS WASHINGTON, D.C., June 12, 1970. "'The whole world may feel and see that OF MICHIGAN things that were cast down are being raised Miss JEANNETTE RANKIN, up, and things which had grown old are Rayburn Building, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES being made new ..." Washington, D.C.: Tuesday, June 16. 1970 Miss Rankin, still modest after all of the Congratulations on being young at 90 and national attention she has received for start for always having had the conviction of be Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, the ing crusades which now have become "in" ing an advocate for what you have believed. fallowing is the last in a series of arti with the youth in this country, said simply Ghandi once said, a "no" uttered from cles on North Vietnam written by Robert ..I hope I haven't burdened you too much deepest conviction is better and greater than S. Boyd, Washington Bureau Chief of the from either speaking or from living too long. a "yes" merely uttered to please or what is Knight Newspapers. I would like to in You can go on now from where I leave off." worse, to avoid trouble. You have said "no" when it was di1llcult sert this final article for everyone to [From the Washington Star] to what you believed wrong and yes to what read: PACIFIST "QUEEN" GIVEN TRmUTE you believed right. BOTH VIETNAMS CLAIM TIME Is ON THEIR (By Mary Anne Dolan) I have been honored to work with you SIDE "I salute her for being the original dove these past years and know we will continue (By Robert S. Boyd) tn the Senate .•• she now has quite a covey to work together in the future. Bot h North and South Vietnam claim of doves •.• if you doubt this, look at how BIRCH BAYH, father time is on their side. her Senate doves shot down the Byrd U .S. Senator. ffanoi is counting on time to wear out amendment today." -sen. Margaret Chase American patience and interest in the war, Smith. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., and let Hanoi gobble up South Vietnam. Jeannette Rankin, dowager queen of paci June 12, 1970. JEANNETTE RANKIN, Saigon is counting on time to let her build fists and ranking prophet of the Women's her strength to the point where she can hold Liberation Movement, came to her 90th Rayburn House Bui lding, off the Communists alone, with the help of birthday party last night in a wheelchair. Washington, D.C.: Americans arms and dollars but not Amer But even after a long dinner, eight tribute Best wishes and congratulations on your ican fighting men. speeches, roses and a champagne toast she 90th birthday unable to be with you on this important occasion. Love. After visiting North Vietnam last month stood up at the podium like a stumping and learning how the other side analyzes the politician and spoke for more than 30 min MAE RANKIN. situation, I went to South Vietnam to listen utes. to the Allied story. The spritely native Montanan who now FLAG DAY The view from Saigon turned out to be lives in Athens, Ga., was honored at the re almost diametrically opposite to the view ception and banquet by a host of sponsors "from Hanoi. including Senate Majority Leader Mike Mans Here's how the opposing arguments stack field, Sen. Lee Metcalf and honorary patron, HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON OF CALIFORNIA up: Mrs. Martin Luther King. North Vietnam's leaders assert that the war "You all talk of me being the first woman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is essent ially bet ween them and the United in Congress," Miss Rankin said. "But I don't Monday, June 15, 1970 St ates. In their public st atements, if not think you know I started being a congress in their secret plans, they dismiss the Thieu man long before I was elected, and have Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. Ky regime in Saigon as a negligible force. rem.ained one ever since." Speaker, I rise to commend our colleague They claim the South will plop into their lap June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20039 like an overripe plum once the Americans are Officials concede that public opinion in moved from the days when they still hoped gone. · South Vietnam is divided. But they insist that limitation on contributions and expend Thus the immediate aim of the North that a "lot of people" are not willing to itures would be effective if only the amounts Vietnamese is to get U.S. forces out of South accept communist rule, and will fight to were made realistic. Rather than bewail the Vietnam. prevent it. costs of campaigning and attempt to limit Conditions are turning in their favor, they And so the argument goes on and on. Ha them, the report bluntly proposes spending say. noi puts out its line, and Saigon counters "more money more wisely" to the end of As President Nixon pulls out more Ameri with its own. achieving "fair competitive Congressional can troops, the Allied side will become pro A reporter can discover some evidence elections." gressively weaker, they contend. which seems to support one side of the Seeking to give the poor candidate a fight "You cannot achieve without 500,000 argument, and some the other. But he real ing chance against the rich one, to offset the soldiers what you could not achieve with ires that his knowledge is limited, and incumbent's advantages over the challenger, t hem," one official in Hanoi said, echoing that judgments based on partial informa the Twentieth Century Fund group want s some American critics of Mr. Nixon's policy. tion can be dangerous. ceilings not made less absurd but removed Meanwhile, the war is putting a heavy Only time will eventually tell which side altogether. Certainly it can be demonstrated strain on the U.S. economy, the North Viet has the better case. that fixed limits have never kept pace for namese say, but their own economic system long with the rising costs of campaigning. is so primitive and flexible that it can endure The results has been that the law invites the a prolonged war on even a renewal of U.S. grossest evasions and ultimately no more re bombing. spect than was accorded to Prohibition. Bet American public opinion is also growing TIMES NOTES CAMPAIGN REFORM ter to put all the emphasis of law on guaran increasingly war-weary, but the North Viet teeing full and pre-Election Day disclosure namese say their people are still determined by all candidates of the amounts they receive to carry on the struggle against what they HON. JOHN WOLD and their sources, a point made years ago consider foreign "aggression." OF WYOMING by Senator Gore of Tennessee in his inquiry Authorities in Hanoi did not mention it, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into the subject. of course, but public opinion, if it were dis The problem is not only to let the public enchanted with the war, carried little weight Tuesday, June 16, 1970 know where a candidate's funds are coming in a tightly controlled communist society Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, this morn from, but to cut down the span between the like North Vietnam. ing's editorial-June 15, 1970-in the financial resources of, say, a Kennedy and a Furthermore, my impression was that one Humphrey-or, to come closer to home, be of the side effects of U.S. bombing has been New York Times entitled "Campaign tween an Ottinger and a McCarthy. ·Disclo to heighten North Vietnamese hostility to Equality," presents an excellent sum sure on this score is good but not enough. ward America and rally people around their mary of the recently released Twentieth The task force recommendations would t ry government. Century Fund report on reform of con to equalize finances by providing a tax credit (The Defense Department was asked if it gressional campaign financing. for small contributions, by offsetting an in wished to comment on the effect of the Before the report's publication on June cumbent's frank with a free mailing for his bombing, as described in an earlier article 8, 1970, I had the opportunity to go over opponent, by making registration a govern in this series. Assistant Secretary Daniel Z. ment responsibility rather than letting it re Henkin said the department would have no it in detail. Although I did not agree with main a financial burden on parties and can comment.) it on a point-by-point basis I felt the didates, and, above all, by bringing television A thousand miles south in Saigon, the proposals to be both imaginative and within easier financial reach. All Congres official outlook is quite different. realistic, and, made arrangements to sional candidates would be guaranteed access While many Americans there have private have the report printed in the CoNGRES to radio and television at 50 per cent of the doubts, in public they assert that the Presi SIONAL RECORD for the benefit of the lowest coinmercial rate prevailing for the de dent's program is working and has a reason Members of this body. sired time-with the broadcasters allowed to able chance of success. deduct the discount from their income tax. The South Vietnamese, they say, are finally The trustees of the Twentieth Century The recommendations do not go so far as developing the muscle they previously lacked Fund and fund director M. J. Rossant to propose out right Government subsidy for to handle their own defense. exercised a great deal of leadership and election campaigns, as urged by political re It wasn't until after the great turning initiative in putting the report together. formers as long as a half-century or more ago. point of TET 1968, officials note, that the As noted in the Times editorial: The present rather mild proposals would cer United States began to equip the South Viet I t s personnel represents a wider political tainly not bring about a Utopian equality; namese army with weapons as good as the but they would help to bring some equity communists enjoyed. spectrum than is usually the case-Republi can and Democrat, black and white, business into an area of American life that is becoming And it wasn't until after Mr. Nixon an alarmingly the province of the rich. nounced his first troop pullout, just a year and labor; experience and youth. ago, that the South Vietnamese were con In my judgment this is a valuable con vinced that they were going to have to stand tribution. There is nearly unanimous on their own feet. A CONCERNED AMERICAN Officials concede that optimistic claims agreement that reform is needed. Actual and statistics have proved illusory in the reform has moved very slowly though past, but insist that at last we're on the because of the very differences of party, HON. DELBERT L. LATTA right track. race, age, and experience. This report OF OHIO One senior official said he has absolutely should do much to lessen the concern no doubt at all that Saigon's army will be because it was put together on such a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able to handle the communists' military broad basis. Tuesday, June 16, 1970 threat by a year from now, when the United States is supposed to have ended its combat Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Mr. LATI'A. Mr. Speaker, I receive role. that the Times editorial of June 15, 1970, many letters from young people express As for Hanoi's claim that the Thieu-Ky be inserted at this point for the benefit ing their views on some of the critical regime Will collapse as soon as U.S. support of those who have not had the time to issues facing our Nation, but one of the is gone, officials in Saigon assert that the read the complete report which the gen finest I have received is one from Miss government is displaying political skill and tleman from Idaho tern influence which is only a few years off. my capacity as a member of the com among the peoples of the area. Russia, for its part, has signed 20-year mittee I was able to question experts in The Soviet challenge is designed to agreements with West Germany and Italy every phase of the peroleum industry and deny Middle East oil to Europe and to supply vast quantities of gas in return in the Government of the United States. for cold-resistant, large-diameter pipes re The overall conclusions that were North America and, beyond that, to pro quired for its new oil fields. vide sure supplies of Middle East oil to The East Europeans, notably Czechoslo drawn from the hearings is that the the Soviet Union and other Communist vakia, Hungary, and Romania, have negoti basic quota system should be continued. bloc nations. ated oil agreements with Iran and Iraq. They Our domestic energy needs are great On March 24, 1970, the New York are parties also to several pipeline projects and increasing at a rapid pace. This Times reported: quite apart from the Friendship lines-to year the United States will consume Western diplomats believe the possibility solve the problems of transportation. nearly 15 million barrels of oil and 58 must be faced that the Russians will seek Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland too billion cubic feet of gas every day. That one way or another to take over the oil are interested in the Yugoslav plan to bring amounts to 8 billion barrels of oil and supplies in North Africa, Iran, Iraq, and the Arab-Middle East oil into the north Adriatic port of Rijeka and pipe it north from there. 21 trillion cubic feet of natural gas an Persian Gulf area. The original scheme has been enlarged be nually. Conservative estimates indicate Soviet actions since then show that cause of ever keener East European interest. that by 1985, the daily U.S. requirements they seem willing to take very high risks The line will have an annual capacity of 20 will be 22 million barrels of oil and 90 to achieve that goal. million tons. billion cubic feet of gas. This morning's--June 16, 1970-issue SWITCH IN ENERGY BASE I contend that unless we change our of the Christian Science Monitor con Both the Romanians and the Yugoslavs present short-sighted policies, we will tains a revealing story by Eric Bourne have their special interest in this project. experience a severe shortage of petro of some of the motivation behind the The former hope to tanker some of the Mid leum prior to 1985. In short we will be Soviet Union's efforts. In Mr. Bourne's dle East oil to Rijeka from a pipeline termi subject to ''petroleum blackmail" unless nal on the Turkish coast. we devise and implement a national en words: The Yugoslavs still import oil from Russia. The background is the way in which Rus But Middle East supplies could replace that ergy policy designed to insure the Nation sia's traditional oil centers a.re leveling off and, furthermore, provide more oil for their adequate domestic supplies of petroleum. against the spurting consumption dem.a.nds rapidly developing refining industry. The Nation has ample energy fuels re of its own economy and the economies in The Friendship 2 pipeline will ultimately sources. They must, however, be ex its orbit. double Hungary's intake from the Soviet plored, developed, and marketed. To do Union. But current plans to switch the coun so, we must pursue policies that will pro I insert the article by Mr. Bourne, en try's energy basis from coal to oil and natu vide the incentive for high levels of oil titled "Thirst for Oil Jumbles East-Bloc ral gas will call for supplies beyond Soviet and natural gas exploration. We must Patterns," at this point: capacity to provide. follow programs to develop our vast de THIRST FOR On. JUMBLES EAST-BLOC Hungary, anticipating a need approaching PATTERNS 10 million tons by 1980, is planning a big posits of oil shales. We must find eco (By Eric Bourne) expansion of production at its Algyoe natu nomic ways of converting coal to syn ral gas and oil fields in the south. thetic petroleum fuels. In short we must BELGRADE.--011, Oil, oil. These, discovered only five years ago, are put ourselves ii: a position where we will Few economic topics are more important reputed to be the richest reserves in Middle or more frequently in the news in the Eu never be subjected to "petroleum black Europe. It is anticipated that in a few years mail" by the Soviet Union or any other ropean Communist area now. these will account for nearly 50 percent of And the pursuit of it is not only estab Hungary's domestic oil output. nation. lishing a highly significant pattern of "oil One of Europe's largest refineries is being diplomacy." built at Szaszhalombatta which will be It is also cutting across old ties and bar linked both to Alygoe and to the Friendship NOW IS THE TIME TO WAGE PEACE riers. It is fOII'ging new commercial links pipelines and the new line envisaged from between Russia and Western Europe and be Rijeka. tween Russia's East European allies and It may be a matter of only a few years HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD Middle East sources hitherto monopolized before Middle (West Germany and Austria), OF PENNSYLVANIA by the West. Southern (Italy) , and Eastern Europe will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The background is the way in which Rus be on the same oil "wave lengths" via pipe sia's traditional oil centers are leveling off lines reaching westward across the continent · Tuesday, June 16, 1970 against the spurting consumption demands from Siberia and from the Middle East to Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, of its own economy and the countries in its the Adriatic. orbit. May 31, 1970, commencement exercises Soviet output is inevitably shifting east Mr. Speaker, I believe the United for the graduating class at King's Col ward to central and northern Siberia which States must accept the Soviet challenge lege in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., were held. The 20046 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 commencement address was delivered by tu tions will respond to new expectations. political process. Young people demonstrated the Honorable John W. Macy, Jr., presi It is not necessary to destroy in order to in the national campaigns of 1968 the signif dent of the Corporation for Public rebuild. The response to the necessity of icant impact they could bring to bear on change has been laggard in the past but the traditional practices. But has that effort been Broadcasting and former Chairman of tardiness has been more attributable to pub sustained? Perhaps negative reaction to the the U.S. Civil Service Commission. It lic apathy than to leadership venality or Cambodian incursion has regenerated these gives me great pleasure, Mr. Speaker, to defense of the status quo. The majority has pressures in recent days. But these are critical insert in today's RECORD the impressive been silent too long. Not only silent, it has problexns on the peace front which call for address given on that occasion by Mr. not participated in charting the direction sustained political involvement from the lo Macy. of change, in communicating the choices cal committee to the nation's capital. The available, in expressing a willingness to par new generation of voters, and I hope it will The address follows: ticipate in the available processes leading include the 18, 19 and 20-year olds, must Now IS THE TIME To WAGE PEACE to change. stimulate that most basic participation President Kilburn, directors, faculty, stu You will notice I placed "thought" as my action at the polls. Voting statistics show dents and friends of King's College, and first step. Each individual and each group that even in 1968 with the war issue at the most important of all, the men and women must draw upon its values and knowledge, forefront a smaller percentage of the young of the graduating class of 1970. must study and analyze, must make the est age bracket cast ballots than the middle Commencement in 1970. A different time. difficult choices and lay out considered plans agers or the senior citizens. And run for of An uncertain hour. Traditional forms and as the rational basis for action. There is a fice as soon as the minimum age and quali ceremonies have been altered or eliminated. limitless array of targets to attack in waging fications have been reached. Test those Many colleges and universities have seen the peace. Too many targets to aim at simul thoughts in the crucible of local politics. academic serenity of the season shattered by taneously. Select a manageable number. Ac Carry your idealism and your energy into discord and violence. The strains of aliena quire as thorough an understanding as pos the homes and meetingplaces of your fellow tion have drowned out the new hope that has sible of their characteristics. Weigh the con citizens. customarily flowed as a new rising generation sequences of proposed changes or courses There are countless outlets for public serv commences its contribution to American life. of action. Become the well informed advo ice at all levels of government and in distant A remote and unpopular war has shaken the cate for the position you believe merits sig countries overseas. All of these services will confidence of the student generation in its nificant action. be deprived and inadequate if they do not leadership and its institutions. The relevance In these times of tension and alienation receive an infusion of new talent from this of scholarship and the value of education the anguished cry has gone up for more and rising generation. Certainly bureaucracy is have become targets of dissent. In such a cli better communication, between individuals, rigid and difficult to change. Certainly an mate the revolutionaries of the right and left between groups, between races and genera·· individual with a cause may find his superi have found new followers for the causes of tions and nations. It is an irony that in a ors hard of hearing or impatient with dissent. revolution and repression. time when technology has bestowed upon us Certainly public life imposes higher stand Against the backdrop of realitie:: what is virtually limitless capacity for communica ards of ethics and personal conduct and the role of a commencement speaker at tion man seems to find communication with restricts the financial return for one's labor. King's College with its Catholic character fellow man so difficult. Through television, But the purpose of the work in the public deriving "from a shared respect by members radio, telephone, records, tapes, pictures and interest transcends these handicaps and a of the college community for the Catholic sounds are transmitted in fractions of sec sufficient number of pragmatic idealists will faith in the role of brotherhood" and where onds to millions of places within the country hasten the day of change and improvement. the dedication is to Christ the King? Is his and through the miracle of satellites to points Although productive and satisfying careers role another vestige of traditional past now around the world. In the period between now may be committed to public causes, more and without meaning? Can he in a few brief and your tenth reunion at King's there will more there are those who devote more lim moments of rhetoric provide even a tiny be the means for the simultaneous delivery ited periods of professional time to serve the millimeter of enrichment to the academic of sound and picture to the 3 billion people needs of city or nation. In recent times the experience just concluded? Certainly, he of the globe. The technology will be there. volunteer has enrolled to help in a distant should not be so brazen as to offer even cor But what will be the message delivered over barrio or a nearby ghetto in achieving a roborating or endorsing footnotes to the that system which will deny the obstacle of higher standard of life for others. American teaching of this fine faculty. The national ocean and mountain and even man-made culture has long been enriched by the part scene provides him with an ample supply national boundaries and ideologies? It may played by voluntary organizations such as of sombre colors with which to paint a land well be that the nation most effective in com the Red Cross, the health agencies, the com scape of gloomy prospects. The violent be municating affirmatively to other peoples via munity service organizations and the like. Lavior of a tiny percentage of other college this system can assert the leadership for We must not forget the longstanding leader students ca:..1 constitute a license for a ser peace on this small planet. Yet our com ship of the church in its outreach near and mon on the true and forsaken values. Or if municating goals need not be so planetary. far in behalf of peace. May you enlist, full he is a descendant of Pollyanna he can view They can and should be directed to commu time or part time, at home or abroad, in the 1970 as a brief aberration in the psychologi nity or neighborhood. Every possible means peace forces of public service to apply cal evaluation of American society and point of communication should be used to com thoughtful and skillful action in the solu to a future of peace and prosperity which municate the need for change and action in tion of our long agenda of human problems. can be obtained without effort or sacrifice. are·as which breed conflict--lack of food, un But I mentioned "sacrifice." Must that None of these roles appeal to me. Instead employment or underemployment, deterio become a condition in the fight for peace? I come to you this afternoon as a future col rating housing, inadequate education, costly Yes, I believe so. We have had our nation league in a vital, demanding, public-spirited, delivery of health care, insensitivity of gov demand and receive sacrifice in time of war. Christian based mission: to wage peace for ernment. While our urbanization may have The ultimate sacrifice on the part of some, all mankind. Now let us wage peace together. submerged the New England town meeting, a much more limited sacrifice in the form of The war must end. Domestic violence must there are still neighborhoods with men and reduced standard of living, gTeater indi be converted into a new form of brother women concerned not only about their own vidual effort, and higher taxes on the part hood. But that is not enough. Just like law family but about their fellow Americans of others. The task of waging peace is more and order is not enough. Just like well-in within walking and talking distance. And the difficult and more costly. It is generally tentioned statements in support of equality, mass media must respond to these public agreed today that our planet faces an en the abolition of poverty, the availability needs by offering television and radio time vironmental crisis. Our rate of population of education, the rebuilding of cities, the for the communication of ideas for better growth will consume resources beyond our ment whether popular or unpopular. The capacity for replenishment. Our industrial preservation of environment are not enough. and consumer practices are poisoning our There is need to set a more difficult course public service of the media which some of us air, polluting our streams, destroying our which involves thought and communication, are endeavoring to establish in a more re open space, imbalancing our ecology. Even action and sacrifice. sponsive and comprehensive form should with heavy investment to reverse existing But you will say, those are words, they are offer the forum for the presentation of ideas, trends, we can only hope to preserve a mere exhortation, no one can dispute these for the conduct of debate and for the stimu status quo which is less than entirely satis goals, but what can we, a new generation of lation of action. factory. To reverse this deterioration it will college graduates really contribute to the Yes, you can be active ~n this cause. Public be necessary to change existing practices with waging of peace? service everywhere is reaching out for talent the resultant econoxnic effect of higher prices, You are right. Force me to be specific. committed to the solution of public problems less convenient packaging, and perhaps even You are entitled to more than verbs. You all the way from the inner precinct to the a reduced supply of consumer goods. The should have the courses of action which outer space. Participation in the political sacrifice may well have to be more than lead from that. process is the most direct form of action. economic. We xnay have to impose upon Armed with the values and the knowledge Elected officials are those who represent the ourselves certain social and behavioral dis gained in your home and in this fine insti collective wills of the voting public in our ciplines which we have not previously deemed tution you are equipped to make your contri system. All too many self-appointed critics necessary in a free, democratic society. bution to this mission within the structures abuse their political leaders while investing If we are to root out the causes of poverty of contemporary institutions. These insti- none of their own time or resources in the and segregation, we must be willing to pay June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20047 the price of higher taxes to construct far work successfully, making our Govern arguments that divide us, to avoid violence better housing for the urban and rural poor, ment and the Democratic Party respon against person and property, and to avoid to provide quality education in the school the use of the flag as a partisan symbol rep sive to our people's needs, restoring the resenting the superior patriotism of ei·ther and in the home from pre-school to post dialog essential to democracy, ending the graduate, to offer meaningful and beneficial side. employment for those on the margin of the violence at home and abroad, and mak 7. We recognize the heroic valor of the labor-force, to deliver health services which ing the Democratic Party of New York Armed Forces of the United States in the relieve pain and eradicate illness, to assure an instrument to restore domestic tran Indochina war, and we call upon the Federal equality and justice for all of our citizens. quility and to end the war in Indochina. and State governments to provide generously Hopefully, these goals of social progress can The convocation pledged its support for the support of the bereaved families of be sought through action by the private for the amendment to end the war the dead, and for the medical care of the sector as well as by government, but we the McGovern-Hatfield amendment, of wounded and disabled; and we further ask cannot expect that they can ever be achieved which I am a cosponsor in the House. It that the elected representatives of the Demo without a willingness on the part of us all cratic Party make regular periodic visits to to make our contribution to the total good. similarly endorsed several other posi veterans' installations where the American In this commitment to improve conditions tions, all of which I commend to my wounded are cared for to make certain that at hDme we cannot forget how small this colleagues. The resolution calls "for the the Nation's obligation to these victims of globe has become. Technology has collapsed end-now-to a war that has no national the war is fulfilled. time and distance as physical gulfs between purpose and that is morally, politically, 8. We believe that international commit the peoples of the world. This collapse closes economically and militarily wrong." ments that directly affect the security and off any desired retreat into isolationism The resolution of the New York Demo national interests of the United States are after the disillusionment of Indo-China. cratic Convocation follows: seriously undermined by our involvement in New and more constructive forms of inter Indochina. In calling for the immediate national collaboration must be designed in RESOLUTIONS FOR THE NEW YORK DEMO end to American military involvement in the years ahead. This is the year of the CRATIC CONVOCATION Indochina, we reject the counsel of isola twenty-fifth anniversary of the United Na MAY 20, 1970. tionism and reaffirm our legitimate inter tions, to date man's most advanced reach to We Democrats, assembled in this special national commitments. ward international collaboration. Imperfect convocation to consider the crisis of ex 9. We call upon government on every level as it is, it must be extended and expanded panded American involvement in Southeast to recognize the increasing despair of mil in the next twenty-five years to bring man Asia, proclaim our determination to make lions of Americans as their pleas for social kind closer together not only physically but the American system work successfully, to justice are met with attitudes of benign in terms O!f human objectives. The United make our government and the Democratic neglect and violent repression; and we de States must be an active and creative leader Party responsive to our people's needs, tore mand that the Democratic Party of New in pursuing this purpose. While 6 percent store the dialogue essential to democracy's York, in the voice and action of its office of the world•s population, we are consuming well-being, to move by every legal and ef holders, candidates, and leaders place the 50 percent of its resources. Our standard of fective means to end the violence at home imperative of social justice at the top of living, even with its pockets of disadvantage, and abroad, and to make the Democratic the American agenda. Party of New York a powerful instrument The Democratic Party and its national outstrips even our most advanced and de to restore domestic tranquility and to end veloped countries in other portions of the the war in Indochina NOW. leadership have a major responsibility for northern slope of the globe. But we are only To accomplish these objectives: the tragic American involvement in Viet 6 percent and it is difficult to comprehend Nam. We will not fulfill our responsibility the true dimension of humankind. I find it 1. We unequivocally denounce the inva to the future of our Nation, to our Party or sion of Cambodia, the under-cover war in helps me to appreciate our relative position Laos, and the resumption of bombing in to ourselves by rationalizing past mistakes in this human mass by taking a small sam North Viet-Nam. We call upon the President or tolerating their repetition. We speak today ple. That sample is the number of infants and the Congress to announce that all as Democrats to make our political institu born on the planet in the last 60 seconds. United States forces will be removed im tions respond to the urgent need for peace They total 200. 160 were non-white. Half of mediately from any combat role anywhere in our land. We speak today as Americans in the 200 will die before they reach their first in Indochina, and that all United States calling for the end-now-to a war that birthday. Two-thirds of those who survive military personnel will be out of Indochina has no national purpose and that is morally, will spend the balance of their estimated life by the end of 1971, appropriate provision hav politically, economically and militarily wrong. span of 30 years undernourished, unedu ing been made for their safe withdrawal and cated and in hard labor. These figures con the release of prisoners of war. stitute the forceful argument against isola 2. We pledge our full support to the enact tionism and place in sharp focus the im ment of the Church-Cooper and McGovern BALTIC STATES perative for continued and expanded Ameri Hatfield amendments in the Senate and the can assistance to the rest of the world in adoption of their counterpart, H.R. 1000, in the crusade for peace. the House of Representatives; we ask that HON. WILLIAM T. MURPHY Contrary to the tradition of commence the Democratic members of the New York OF ILLINOIS ment speakers, I am not passing the torch to Congressional Delegation publicly commit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES light this mission to you alone but rather themselves to the support of H.R. 1000 and seeking the association of your skill, wisdom other appropriate legislative efforts to end Tuesday, June 16, 1970 and idealism in partnership with those of us the war; and we call upon the Congress to who will continue to seek these goals with reassert its constitutional mandate to con Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, the utmost in our own capacity. May al'l trol American involvement in foreign wars. today I join with my colleagues in com of you join with us, each in his or her way, 3. We call upon the Government of the memorating a sad month in the history and may we advance together in waging United States to demand the release of and of the three Baltic States of Latvia, Es peace for the benefit of all mankind. offer immediate sanctuary to the hundreds tonia, and Lithuania. In June 1940, these of prisoners now languishing in the dun countries were invaded and occupied by geons of South Viet-Na.m whose only crime Soviet armies. Shortly after occupation, has been support of a negotiated settlement these territories were annexed into the NEW YORK STATE DEMOCRATIC of the Vietnamese war. Soviet Union despite the fact that only COMMITTEE'S CONVOCATION 4. We call for the appointment of a Chief United states negotiator at the Paris Peace 20 years before the Soviet Union had SUPPORTS THE AMENDMENT TO signed treaties with all three countries END THE WAR Conference who will have the confidence of the Congressional Foreign Relations Com granting them recognition and acknowl mittees so that Americans may be assured edging their independence from Russia. HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN that their view of an honorable agreement Following annexation, the Baltic States is being explored to end the war. OF NEW YORK were subjected to a brutal period of oc 5. We welcome the young, both as mem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bers and critics of our Party. We welcome cupation. Thousands of citizens from their creative dissent, the honesty of their these nations were exiled, imprisoned in Tuesday, June 16, 1970 dissatisfaction, and their commitment of Soviet labor camps, and murdered. The Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on May 20, personal energy to the election of candidates horror of this occupation is made ap 1970, the New York State Democratic who reflect their hopes and ideals. We en parent by the fact that the Baltic States Committee sponsored a convocation of dorse The National Petition Drive organized have lost more than a quarter of their by student groups throughout the State and concerned Democrats from throughout urge all Democratic candidates, leaders, and population over the last 30 years. the State. The convocation adopted a organizations, to support actively this effort. Throughout these years of enslavement. very significant resolution, based on the 6. We ask for an honest effort by all citi these people have continually fought aims of making the American system zens and groups to hear the opinions and against oppression. At first they fought 20048 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 openly in organized resistance move· 155-millimeter howitzers to the colonels' [From the Washington Post, June 4, 1970] regime in Athens. ments against the Communists. More re UNITED STATES DENIES LIFTING BAN ON' The deliveries were described yesterday by cently their opposition has been ex GREEK ARMS officials as a "one time only" breach of the pressed by passive resistance. prohibition, a breach inspired by the Russian The White House and State Department During this anniversary week, it is invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. denied yesterday that any decision had been particularly appropriate that we reaffirm At the same time, it was learned, the Nixon made to lift the so-called "selective em our support for the cause of peace and administration has decided in principle to bargo" on shipment of major weapons to freedom in the Baltic States. Despite scrap the embargo entirely. Knowledgeable Greece. many years of hardships, the Baltic sources disclosed that the ban has been re A story in yesterday's editions of The viewed by the National Security Council and Washington Post, which described ship peoples' spirit and dedication to the prin ments of planes, tanks and howitzers last ciples of freedom and democratic gov that body has determined that the embargo has outlived its usefulness. A public an year under an October 1968 decision by ernment have endured and prevailed. It nouncement to this effect, however, is being President Johnson and which said the Nixon is our fervent hope that these years of delayed until a more receptive climate at administration had decided "in principle" suffering will soon end and that demo home and abroad is ensured. to lift the three-year-old embargo entirely, cratic government will be restored to The ban on heavy arms shipments was im was described as "misleading" by State De Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. posed after the colonels overthrew Greece's partment spokesman John F. King. constitutional government in April 1967. King said "some aircraft"-he would not Sales and gifts of small arms like automatic give their type or number-and minesweep weapons, rifies and mortars have continued, ers had been sent under the Johnson deci sion, which he noted had been announced THE ARMS TRADE-PART XIV however. From time to time, officials have hinted by the State Department in Oct. that the embargo has been relaxed but de But other officials denied fiatly that any HON. R. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN tails have not been available until now. Last tanks had been authorized or sent, and said summer, Assistant Secretary of State Joseph they knew of no shipment of howitzers. The OF PENNSYLVANIA Sisco, in a little-noticed statement, said that Washington Post story said 92 medium tanks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "delivery of a portion of the suspended items" and an unknown number of 155-millimeter howitzers were included in the Johnson de Tuesday, June 16, 1970 was approved by President Johnson Oct. 18, 1968. cision, which was justified as needed to Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, last The shipment apparently began late in strengthen Greece's North Atlantic Treaty August 13, I pointed out in the CoNGREs that year and continued through 1969. Mr. Organization capabilities in the wake of the SIONAL RECORD that our Government has Johnson approved the delivery of 22 F-102s, August 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czech 92 medium tanks and an undisclosed number oslovakia. had the lamentable habit of first impos Other sources have indicated that Greece ing an arms embargo on a nation and of howitzers. Officials have now revealed that all 22 this year has been seeking to buy interme then turning around and covertly break planes were given to Greece. But how many daries. The United States must approve ing the ban. At that time, I noted that tanks and howitzers were shipped could not even a third-country sale of such major we had broken-and, for the fact, are be determined. items, and approval has been withheld still breaking-our arms embargo against These deliveries explain what up until now pending formal announcement that the "se Pakistan, imposed after her war with has been a puzzling jump in arms shipments lective embargo" has been lifted. India in 1965. Now I see we are doing it to Athens. For the budget year ending June The embargo, which does not apply to 30, 1968, Greece received arms estimated at small arms, spare parts or communications again, in this particular case with equipment, was imposed by the Johnson ad Greece. $51 million in value. The next year's total jumped to $93.2 million. ministration "soon after the (April 1967) I do not wish to dwell here on the However, this understates the amount of coup in Athens to demonstrate our concern reasons why certain countries have been the increase. The Pentagon values items it for the extraconstitutiona.l assumption of embargoed and why others have not. Nor considers surplus at about one-fourth of their power by the present Greek regime," King do I wish to argue the merits of imposing cost. Thus, if these totals are adjusted to said. Asked whether the Nixon administra tion shares this concern, King paused and embargoes as a policy tactic. Both ques reflect the original cost of the arms shipped, then answered ''Yes." tions are worthy of separate and exten Greece received $58.5 million in fiscal 1968 sive examination. and a whopping $170.0 million the next year. All but a small portion of both figures were What bothers me here, Mr. Speaker, gifts rather than sales. WHY SST? is that once our Government decides to Officials said the embargo was breached be impose an embargo, it then does not cause the Czechoslovakian invasion height stick to it. Our Government seems to im· ened the importance of maintaining belief in HON. EDWARD G. RIESTER, JR. pose these arms restrictions solely to ap NATO's ability to deter an aggressor. OF PENNSYLVANIA pease public opinion-not to ·curb the Officials also said that leaders from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Senate Foreign Relations Committee and threat of violence, to dampen down ac Tuesday, June 16, 1970 tual violence, or to encourage the em House Foreign Affairs Committee were con bargoed nation to change its course. sulted about the relaxation of the ban. Mr. BrESTER. Mr. Speaker, the Dela However, Chairman J. W. Fulbright of the ware Valley Advance published an edi Then, to make matters worse, the mo Senate Foreign Relations Committee said ment the world's attention has been yesterday he had not been consulted and did torial opposing the SST. It is an excel diverted to some other matter, Washing not know the embargo had been broken. lent editorial and I bring it to the at ton begins to subvert its own embargo Staff members of the House Foreign Affairs tention of my colleagues: by secretly supplying arms to the em Committee said they knew of no consulta WHY SST? bargoed. tion either. Chairman Thomas Morgan (D In 1963, when he initiated the supersonic No amount of breast beating and ex Pa.) was unavailable for comment. transport development program, President cuses by our Government can hide the The disclosure is likely to touch off a fresh Kennedy assured the nation that federal fact that we have broken our embargoes Senate outcry against any arms for Greece. funds allocated for this purpose would Last year, an amendment to cut off these never exceed $750,000. Last week the House against Pakistan, South Africa, imposed shipments was narrowly beaten, 45 to 38. This raised the ante to more than a billion dollars. in 1963; Egypt, imposed in 1967, and now year, Sen. Vance Hartke (D-Ind.) is spon At least $300,000 more will be needed to com Greece, imposed also in 1967. In fact, soring a similar ban. plete two SST prototypes by 1973. there has not been one post-World War The Nixon Administration decision to junk If the SST ever becomes a reality we shall II American embargo that our Govern the embargo entirely rests on a belief that have created a monster which can never ment has not promptly broken. the ban will not influence the colonels. The fiy over inhabited land because of the sonic I can only say that such behavior de argument runs that they are firmly in the boom, which will produce sideline noise at saddle, can turn to the French and other takeoff aO times greater than the noise of tracts from the credibility of our Gov sources for major weapons and any continued a jumbo jet takeoff, which may pollute the ernment and does nothing to bring about prohibition only weakens American infiuence upper atmosphere with irreducible water a net reduction in tensions throughout in Athes. vapor and the danger of a permanent cloud the world. The articles follow: However, the unimpeded resumption of cover. (From the Washington Post, June 3, 1970] heavy-arms shipments will probably be de In addition to these major environmental layed until the congressional temper, in problems is the anticipated need of super ATHENS GIVEN U.S. ARMS DESPITE BAN fiamed by Cambodia, is cooler. In addition, runways requiring air terminals so far from (By Bernard D. Nossiter) Washington is being held back by the opposi population centers that any time saved by Despite the embargo on heavy arms to tion of Denmark, Norway and Italy, where supersonic fiight will be exceeded by the Greece, the United States has quietly given criticism of the junta is exceptionally additional time needed to travel to and from jet fighter-interceptors, medium tanks and strong. the airports. June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20049 The vote in the House was 176 to 163, re n. INDUSTRY January 29, 1970. markable for the fact that this sort of A. Have strict inspections made of all new DEAR CONGRESSMAN McCLOSKEY: We have extravagant "progress" is at least facing a businesses so they aren't allowed to begin been doing some research on pollution and challenge. Hopefully the Senate may take polluting. this is what we came -up with. a more conservative view and realize that B. Thorough investigations of all industrial In 1968, .according to the Public Health our major transportation problems are on projects that could prove harmful to environ Service, the worst ten cities in the United the ground. They will never be solved by ment beforehand. States that have polluted air are New York diverting more millions to the headaches of C. Publish statistics showing main pollut City; Chicago, Illinois; Philadelphia, Penn SST. ers of the area. sylvania; Los Angeles-Long Beach, Califor D. Industries polluting now should be nia; Cleveland, Ohio; Pittsburgh, Pennsyl forced to clean up or pay high fines (Sen vania; Boston, Massachusetts; Newark, New YOUNG PEOPLE LEAD THE WAY ator Proxmire's plan). Jersey; Detroit, Michigan; St. Louis, Mis souri. IN FIGHTING POLLUTION ID. PRESERVING LIFE Air pollution is linked to a number of A. Shorter hunting seasons and more laws respiratory diseases and atHictions. Deaths protecting rare animals. from emphysema, a progressive breakdown HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. B. Ban harmful insecticides and market of the lungs' air sacs, have increased more OF CALIFORNIA safer ones. than five times since 1950. Cigarette smok IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES C. Establish more game preserves and na ing-a kind of do-it-yourself air pollution Tuesday, June 16, 1970 tional parks, especially along coast and in has often been blamed for this rise; but non mountains. smoking emphysema patients also show Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I have D. Limit number of automobiles in parks, marked improvement when they are pro not generally chosen to burden the CoN public and recreation facilities. tected from "natural" air pollution. Lung GRESSIONAL RECORD with the lengthy writ IV. WASTE AND LITTER cancer is another disease where both smok ing and air pollution have been implicated. ings of others. When in the future, how A. Disposals and garbage cans conven The incidence of chronic bronchitis, asthma, ever, historians may examine the events iently located in parks, along highways, etc. pneumonia, and the common cold also rises of Earth Day, 1970, I believe they will B. Have more projects like the waste clean as air pollution gets worse. need to recognize the tremendous input up on the South shore of Lake Tahoe. Severe air pollution multiplies the death of the thinking of our young people and C. Research on reusable and more compact rate, as it did in the little town of Donora, food packaging. Pennsylvania in 1948; as it did in London in students who are insisting on new priori D. Cans and plastic containers that de ties for America. 1952; as it did in New York in 1953 and 1962; compose. as it inevitably will again. This is a poem The only writing engraved in our E. More desalinization and waste treat written for air pollution to suggest we don't chambers are the words of Daniel Web ment plants in operation. want bad images like this. ster, including his suggestion, "Let us F. Run polls to determine whether people develop the resources of our land." On will willingly pay higher taxes for conserva If you visit American city, Earth Day, April 22, 1970, nearly the en tion use. You will find it very pretty. G. Step up urban renewal and poverty pro Just two things you must beware; tire younger generation spoke to us with grams: Don't drink the water-don't breathe the air. a different suggestion: "Let us conserve I. Poverty is a major cause of pollution; our environment and preserve, recycle Pollution, pollution, and They got smog and sewage and mud, and reuse our resources." 2. If people take more pride in surround Turn on your tap and g~t hot and cold run- After 181 years of national goals and ings, they are less likely to pollute. ning crud. policy favoring the development of land, H. Prohibit backyard and private burning. See the halibuts and the sturgeons, extraction of resources, the increasing of I. Enforce litter laws, where violators are Being wiped out by detergents. our standard of living, we now turn to fined for littering. V. AUTOMOBILES Fish gotta swim and birds gotta fiy, new goals, the preservation of the quality But they don't last eons if they try. of our life in the earth's environment, A. Major car companies research electric Pollution, pollution, and a concerted and determined attack and steam engine cars. You can use the latest toothpaste, on further pollution of air, water, and B. Develop an inexpensive and practical And then rinse your mouth with industrial model. waste. open space. C. More local transit and subway systems. Our young people are leading the way, Just go out for a breath of air, D. Ban use of combustion engine by 1975. And you'll be ready for Medicare. both conceptually and practically, in E. Possibly develop a car run by light or these new priorities, and I therefore take heat energy. The city streets are really quite a thrill, the liberty of placing in the RECORD at F. Melt down old cars, etc. for building If the hoods don't get you, the monoxide will. materials. Pollution, pollution, this point 20 letters from elementary and Wear a gas mask and a veil. VI. MAKE THE PEOPLE AWARE! high school students of San Mateo Then you can breathe, long as you don't County, Calif., which I feel are the best I'm hoping some of these ideas can pos inhale. and most representative of over 5,000 let sibly be of some help. I realize almost all of Lots of things there that you can drink, ters transmitted to me by students as a them have already been proposed and are But stay away from the kitchen sink. result of their days and weeks of study either under consideration or have been voted down, but I feel it is important to Throw out your breakfast garbage, and I've prior to last April 22. speak out anyway. It is only through in got a hunch The letters follow: creasing knowledge a-nd genuine concern that That the folks downstream will drink it !or SAN MATEO, CALIF., the problem of pollution can be solved. lunch. February 27, 1970. Sincerely yours, So go to the city, see the crazy people there. Congressman PAUL N. MCCLOSKEY, Jr., LINDA DEBUSK. Like lambs to the slaughter House of Representatives, Congress of the They're drinking the water United States, Washington, D.C. February 2, 1970. And breathing the air. DEAR SIR: Several weeks ago you wrote a DEAR MR. McCLOSKEY: We are writing in We feel that there should be more strict letter to the principal of Borel Middle School, concern of the broadening pollution problem. laws on car exhausts and more laws for lit Mr. Kramer, in San Mateo. It asked that we, We have seen an ad for a "Trash-Masher" ter. They should also put better smog devices the students, express our opinions about solv put out by Whirlpool Company. (We are en to control smog on airplanes. If this pollution ing the problems of pollution in our coun closing the article for you to read.) keeps up we will have engines running on try. In response to your letter I have made One idea for the disposal of the remaining pollution. an outline containing some ideas. products of the "Trash-Masher,'' is to invent Sincerely, I. POLLUTION EDUCATION an engine that would burn up the trash cube JIM TRUMBULL, in such a way that the smoke or exhaust MARK SCHLOSSER, A. Programs in all public schools: could be filtered clean. This engine could be 7th Grade, Borel Middle School. 1. On conservation, birth control, etc.; used to compress air for an air car 2. Possibly include birth control as part of You probably have receive some letters WILLARD R. ENGVALL SCHOOL, sex education courses; and from students in other schools, clubs and SAN BRUNO, CALIF., 3. Have elective discussion and action most likely from our own class. We hope that January 26, 1970. cla.sses at junior high and high school levels. these ideas might come true, if not, we hope PAUL M. McCLOSKEY, Jr., B. Local programs: they will, give you some ideas of your own! House of Representatives, 1. Neighborhood groups and clubs; Sincerely, washington, D.C. 2. Community involved efforts; and SUSAN THOMPSON, DEAR MR. MCCLOSKEY: As pollution is in 3. Participation by students, housewives, SHERYL REINKE, creasing ever more rapidly than before, I feel businessmen, everyone. Eighth Gmde Borel Students. some definite solutions are necessary. First CXVI-~1264-Part 15 20050 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 of all-no more cans! People will have to miles to 2,939 miles. Re-establishing the (B) Develop electric cars, and ration them. make their own soup, squeeze their own superiority of the mass transit system over (C) Find a different way of disposing of oranges, but--no more cans! Metal has to be the automobile would not only ease the air our garbage, such as making blocks for build mined just to make the cans. Strip mines pollution problem, but it would also ease ing purposes. ruin our natural resources such as trees and urban traffic congestion. For example, in one (D) Shut factories allowing steam and pollute the air because the machines used to hour, an expressway lane accommodates 3,250 smoke to escape, find other ways of making mine the ore, refine the ore, form the cans auto passengers or 6,750 bus passengers, while the products, and make the factories pay a produce smoke and soot that goes to the air a single rail line can handle 48,000 com stiff fine if they continue polluting the air. and eventually terminates in our lungs. cans muters. (E) Develop more and better rapid transit and then junked, then dumped on the edge of The oil industry is financially stable systems. the bay and used for bayfill. This pollutes enough to withstand gas rationing with all (F) Ban smoking. our bay which has been a landmark so long. the tax breaks they now receive. Besides, less (G) Find scientific ways to purify air and If the bay is filled it wlll back up the Sacra than half the material refined from crude water now which are practical and inexpen mento River until the salt ruins all of the oil is gasoline. Also the Richfield Oil Com sive. farmland anywhere near the mouth. Cans pany has developed an anti-knock additive to Some ways to control the population: pollute air, land and water. If people refuse replace lead and is already distributing it in (A) Legalize abortion. to squeeze their own oranges and make their the Los Angeles area. The airline industry (B) Sterilize men and women after hav own soup, they could be put in returnable already has the new combustor cans and is ing a second child, but allow them to adopt deposit bottles or other such containers. waiting for the old ones to wear out before unwanted children. Maybe a container could be made that would they install them. I live directly under the (C) Develop a kind of birth control with dissolve in certain solutions. approach to San Francisco airport, and ev no ill effects. Another great problem is the use of paper. ery night when the air is still, a sickening I would further suggest the following to Although quite necessary to write on, paper thick odor of kerosene settles on my house, help solve the problem of the surplus popula napkins, paper plates, paper towels and and the windows and doors must be closed tion already here: other such ridiculous items are totally un to keep it out. I don't believe the airlines (A) Farm the ocean. necessary. For the small amount of water we industry should be allowed to wait any (B) Conserve more land by building more would pollute by washing these items (not longer. In addition to the millions of tons of apartments. in paper form) is so small compared to the air pollutants poured into the air every year, (C) Develop more food which would yield air pollution it causes to burn unnecessary millions of acres of open land are paved over a higher amount of protein to a smaller paper or land and water pollution caused by for freeways. For these reasons, it is im amount of land. dumping it. perative that freeway expenditures be di I hope that this letter may help in some A great pollution crisis is automobiles. verted to mass transit systems for the small way. Strip mining used to obtain metal does ex preservation of both clean air and open Respectfully yours, actly what it does when it is for cans. spaces. SHARON HAMMON. Exhaust from cars pollutes the air, and Respectfully yours, junked cars are eyesores and land pollution. MICHAEL JOSEPH SOUZA. HILLVIEW SCHOOL, Bikes take much less metal, they are good ATHERTON, CALIF., for your health and don't pollute the air. Oil ALTA LOMA JR. HIGH SCHOOL, January 30, 1970. drllling needed to provide gas and oil for SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., PAuL N. McCLosKEY, Jr., cars is polluting the water off of your Cali January 26, 1970. Congress of the United States, fornia coast. Hon. Mr. PAUL N. MCCLOSKEY, Jr., House of Representatives, These, as you know, are only a few of the House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. drastic problems periling our nation's future Washington, D.C. DEAR CONGRESSMAN McCLOSKEY: As the and I feel I am doing what I can to stop it, DEAR MR. McCLOSKEY: As you well know, number of automobiles on the road increases, but it is going to take the support of every our world is being over populated and pol the smog problem from these cars increases. one! luted. I have some suggestions for the so Not only is it a California problem, but one Respectfully, lutions. facing the entire country. Thus, I feel a need JEAN BULLIS. As for the garbage problem, I suggest for California's smog control law to be pressing it into bricks, as done in Japan. come a nationwide one. Even though our BURLINGAME HIGH SCHOOL, This will make a useful product. It will state has this law, it has not been enforced BURLINGAME, CALIF., also save land for homes instead of city strongly enough. Although all cars are re January 30, 1970. dumps. quired to have a smog device, not all are Congressman PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, I've also heard that scientists have come functioning properly. Police check only to Congress of the United States, up with a substance to wrap food that dis see if your car has a smog device but not if House of Representatives, solves in water. This is also a great idea it's working. I feel that there should be Washington, D.C. because they have come up with a solution road stops to check out each car for their DEAR CONGRESSMAN McCLOSKEY: In re for litter. Since it dissolves, the chemicals device. They could do this and/ or set out sponse to your request for concrete, thought break up and can do no harm to the wa to develop a machine capable of checking ful proposals to solve the problem of en ter which flows into the seas. on the effectiveness of each one. Slowly but vironmental pollution, I have a three point Air pollution is another problem which surely this would help cut down on the smog plan to reduce air pollution. must be solved. I really don't think it can in the air. As you no doubt already know, the major be solved completely, but some things can Thank you, causes of air pollution are the various modes be done to help it. Some factors are, filters MARK J. BALESTRA. of transportation in use today (autos, air for factories, smog control for cars, and chem craft, buses, trucks). Responsibile for the icals for gasoline, to make it bio-degratable MILLBRAE, CALIF., greater part of this amount is the automobile. after use. Also peace in the world, because January 28, 1970. Therefore, my plan deals mainly with the bomb dropping is causing radiation and air Congressman PETE MCCLOSKEY, transportation industry, and with automo pollution. Washington, D.C. biles in particular. First, I propose the ra Over population is also a problem. It is HoNORABLE Sm: I am a student at Taylor tioning of gasoline by way of issuing gas hard to decide what to do, but I think abor Intermediate School in Millbrae, California. stamps, similar to actions taken during World tion should be legali~d, but only with paren My science class has studied the matter of War II. Included under this would be a pro tal consent. population-explosion. We saw various films vision by which leaded gas would be made Since food and land for cultivating is on the subject before writing this letter. illegal. My second proposal would be an FAA scarce, I believe farming underwa.ter is a After giving this matter much consideration, regulation prohibiting any jet aircraft from good idea. It produces better food and has I have a suggestion that I think might help. leaving the ground that is not equipped with more protein in it. Education: the new smog control combustor cans. These Respectfully yours, We must use the mass media. to educate devices drastically reduce the amount of pol DENISE MERCIER. people to the horrors of over-population, but lutants released by the aircraft by making to also show the blessings we can attain by the engines combust the fuel more com SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., living in a beautiful, bountiful and health pletely. Thirdly, to provide a means of trans January 23, 1970. ful country that is regulated in population portation for those people who had used all Hon. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, Jr., size. There should be a goal set, but along their gas stamps, I would propose that the House of Representatives, with it a knowledge of how to reach this goal. federal government divert all highway funds Washington, D.C. Assistance: and gas taxes to subsidize mass transit sys DEAR Sm: I have been thinking about the All men and women should be able to tems. problems of pollution and the population choose their method of achieving this limited From 1940 to 1965, passenger cars registered explosion. I would like to share my ideas with family society. Help should be a.vaUable in the U.S. increased from 27,372,000 to 74,- you. whether it be to teach a religious method, ad 904,000 while electric railway (elevated, sur To stop the pollution: vise on the best contraceptive for the individ face and subway) and trolley coach routes of (A) Ban fireplace burning and bar ual or to direct them for help when there is the transit industry decreased from 21,527 becueing. an abortion to be had. Most people need di- June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20051 rection after they have made their decision ground and spreading it thinly so that it and color, besides other organic items. Then and it is necessary to make known to them has a chance to deteriorate. Once again, the Chlorinate and you have delicious, :fla.t, wa where they can get such direction. It would government would have to encourage such ter. This process is already being used in be wonderful to be able to offer the nearest a system, but it need not be financially. In the Diamond Valley of California and in church as a place to come for help even in stead, government support could take the Pretoria, South Africa. As for cleaning up a matter such as this. form of a positive advertising program, what we've already done, take the river wa I thank you for all you have contributed similar to the NRA Blue Eagle of the early ter and pump it through these plants, and toward this problem in the past and feel as 1930's, for those businesses actively seeking have people get to work and pick up the sured that you will do even more in the to unpollute the earth. solid wastes. future. Along similar lines, a company could be As for the land pollution, there are sev Very truly yours, aided to come up with a machine to compress eral types. Scrap metal, such as tin crans, au JACK E. SAUM. garbage into bricks which could then be tomobile hulks, old appliances, etc. They can used in a positive way. The amount of garb be easily melted down. As they are all steel MENLO PARK, CALIF., age could be decreased by encouraging vari or steel with something else, they would all January 28, 1970. ous companies to sell their products, such be reusable. But for future needs, I think Hon. PAUL McCLosKEY, as soda pop, in re-usable glass or non-break we should stop production of cans entirely House of Representatives, able plastic containers. and use decomposable containers. They, if Washington, D.C. Our forests can be saved by a method to thrown away, could simply be taken to an DEAR Sm: Concerning the problems of pol make paper re-usable. This involves a ma enclosed dumping pla-ee and allowed to de lution in our country today, I'd like to share chine which removes the print from news compose. After three days, no more garbage! some thoughts With you and hope that the papers so that trees would not have to be As for other garbage, all burnable could be following ideas will be given some considera cut down for the purpose of manufacturing decomposed by oxygen-free heating. This tion: paper. would break down the paper into carbon, (1) A return to reusable containers for Lastly, we plead with you to use your pow hydrogen, and nitrogen, among traces of beverages, etc. This would eliminate the lit ers to stop the off-shore oil dr11ling, which decomposed ink. tering of beaches, parks, streets, etc., With as you know, is ruining our California Most of all, I think that the people have beer and soda pop cans. If the reusable con beaches and Wildlife. to get up and help. Legislation alone won't tainers were unbreakable, we'd stop the mess If it is at all possible, the classes involved help. made by broken bottles. in making these suggestions have asked me Sincerely, (2) Immediate control and treatment of to ask you if they could hear what steps your ROBBIE PEFFER. raw sewage being pumped into the oceans, Conservation Subcommittee has taken. WILLARD R. ENGVALL. rivers, lakes and streams. Thank you. (3) Immediate control of all toxic exhaust Sincerely, REDWOOD CITY, CALIF., gases being emitted from cars and factories MISS GAYLE STEWART. January 30, 1970. which are fouling the air we are breathing, To the Honorable Representative McCloskey: and killing birds and trees. BELMONT, CALIF., These are some ideas on how to reduce (4) A National effort to provide exhaust February 3, 1970. some pollution: Public leaders, federal, state free public transportation of such high qual Hon. PAUL McCLOSKEY, and local, should express goals of high stand ity that people would give up driving their House of Representatives, ards of environmental quality and encourage cars short distances. Washington, D.C. all citizens to strive toward these goals by (5) Very strict laws and penalties, with DEAR Sm: My apologies for the delay in commending efforts of individuals and groups strict enforcement, for littering, dumping, oil sending these, but illness has kept me from such as, Scouts leaving outdoor areas cleaner leaks, and all polluting of the planet-at doing so. I'm sure you would still appreciate than they found them, and industries mak least, our part of it. having them. I have also enclosed a sheet ing no pollution. Offer tax breaks to installers (6) An organization, such as NASA, should with compiled statistics gathered from these of anti-pollution devices. be formed to get our country on a crash pro same students concerning the President's A good way to start people thinking about gram, similar to the space program, which State of the Union speech. this is to ask the public for detailed ideas would make cleaning up our environment a Sincerely yours, like you are doing now. dedicated effort by the best brains in the AUGUSTUS R. CACCIOTTI. WHERE TO GET THE MONEY country, supported by a concerned Congress Study revenue sources arising from deple and people. SAN BRUNO, CALIF., January 26, 1970. tion of natural resources which originally I am 13 years old. I go to Hillview School belonged to the whole country. Tax such which is a few blocks from your Mother's PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, Jr., House of Representatives, things as the following: house. (I see her often at the Safeway.) When Soil nutrients not replaced by farmers; you come to Menlo Park next time I'd sure Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. MCCLOSKEY: I am writing in re Trees not replaced by lumbering firms; like it lf you'd come by our school for a Minerals not replaced by miners (petro- visit. I know all my 8th grade classmates sponse to your letter to our school. I am hon leum); and the whole school-would be more than ored that you have the faith in us to try to solve these problems. As for pollution, I will Water not replaced by manufacturers; happy to meet you. Oxygen not replaced by motorists (cars Thank you for your attention. try to form a solution for each type; air, water, land. gulp down huge volumes of air); Sincerely yours, Soil Erosion and Vegetation loss from SUSAN L. PAAR. In air pollution the factories and cars do the most damage. I think that if we switched developers; to propane it would reduce the smog prob Animals destroyed by damaging natural CABRILLO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, habitat; and CRESPI AND LADERA, lem drastically. Whoever thought of using propane was great. So I think that problem People smoking when someone else has to Pacifica, Calif., January 30, 1970. breathe it 9r if they toss it out the window PAUL N. MCCLOSKEY, Jr., is solved (almost). As for factories, I think it should be mandatory for the smoke to be of a car and start forest fires, etc. House of Representatives, recycled and burnt until it is reduced to car Public leaders will have to keep constantly Washington, D.C. bon dioxide, water vapor and re-usable solids. reminding people with the aid of newspapers, DEAR CONGRESSMAN McCLOSKEY: This letter This would stop most air pollution. As for TV, radio, and their own speeches and letters, is in reply to your request for student pro busses, just discontinue the use of diesel until every citizen becomes responsible for posals to solve environmental pollution. The engines and put those on propane too. As for the good of everyone. folloWing list is a composite, made from planes, switch their fuel to something that Sincerely, three eighth grade history classes at Cabrillo doesn't create so much smog. WAYNE STOWELL, Elementary School in Pacifica. As for water pollution, you would have Student, Kennedy Jr. High School. In dealing with cleaner air, the students to clean the water before it enters the said that the federal government should sub streams, bays, etc. This would require a six ATHERTON, CALIF., sidize any company doing research and test step process. 1. First, you must grind up the January 25, 1970. ing on a non-gasoline burning engine. Also, solids and let them sedimentate. 2. Then Hon. PAUL N. MCCLOSKEY, all factories should be required to use some pump diffused oxygen for the bacteria to Congress of the United States, House of Rep kind of filter system similar to the smog de eat the sewage. Then cook the sludge that resentatives, Washington, D .C. vices on automobiles, with those fac remains. There is no smoke or ash from the MY ~EAR MR. McCLosKEY: Thank you !or tories not complying with the law being incinerator. This is where conventional your letter addressed to La Entrada School heavily fined. In addition, the government treatment stops. This is where the stuff that invited us students to suggest aids for should encourage factories to use nuclear still smells and is muddy brown. 3. Then add and solutions to our environmental crisis. energy as a power source to eliminate the lime to remove the phosphorus. 4. Then sedi My suggestions deal mainly with the popu smoke causing smog. ment this. 5 Then pump this (the water) lation explosion and air pollution in the Factory wa,ste should not be dumped into through a nitrogen tower to remove am United States. rivers and lakes, but rather into a large pond monia. Then add carbon dioxide to lower the In dealing with the population explosion, with an underground pipe at the bottom of PH factor. Then filter the last solids. 6. I think an indirect but efficient control the pond, leading the sewage far under- Pump through charcoal to remove smell should be put into effect: 1f a !ainily has one 20052. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 or two children, they should be allowed to ground music such as "America the Beauti because of their age, race, and unfortunate exempt a certain amount of money for each ful." At the end of this the people should defects. We know that these children need child from their income tax returns, as is the be informed as to what they can do. the love and affection that a real family can present system. If a family has more than 2. Have our scientists discover some chemi give them. two children, it should only be allowed to cal which could dissolve garbage and rurbbish. To promote the public's interest in this exempt money for two children, and no de We could give this chemical to all our fac problem, billboards and posters with pic ductions could be made for other children in tories and they could use this instead of tures of the most needy children can be put the family. burning and dumping the garbage into our up across the nation instead of billboards This law shall only apply to children con streams and rivers. advertising various commercial products. ceived after the date the law is put into 3. More chemical plants like the one at Yours very truly, effect. Families with more than two children, the Indian Creek Reservoir which changes KATHLEEN COLEMAN. all conceived before the date the law is put the raw sewage into good, drinkable water. BECKY PECCHENINO. into effect, should deduct for all the children, 4. The manufacturers could reduce gar . as is the present system. bage and debris into ashes by using atomic PORTOLA VALLEY, CALIF., Air pollution is already confronting us in energy. Januar y 30, 1970. huge proportions. It is something that needs 5. People should start the reusage of tin, Hon. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY , to be handled quickly and proficiently, there alulllinum cans, glass, cardboard and paper. Belmont, Calif. fore fairly radically. The major cause of air Tin, glass and aluminum cans could be Oua DEAR MR. McCLOSKEY: Enclosed are pollution is mostly attributed to the millions remelted and reused. This would mean less our ideas for preventing overpopulation and of cars that cram our highways, so I shall air and water pollution because less ore air pollution. offer suggestions in order to curb automobile would be smelted. This would also ease up The pill is a good idea except there is a air pollution. the strain on our diminishing resources of theory that it causes cancer. If a new con Powerful cars with big engines use a lot of minerals. traceptive was invented that was pre-tested gasoline and therefore emit much exnaust Paper and cardboard could be made into fur safety, this might solve the problem. fumes. A tax could be applied to cars with pulp and reused. This would help save the Our second idea is to pass a law that engines exceeding a certain number of cubic forests. would impose a tax upon parents who have inches or engines that don't meet a certain A small deposit could be offered or the more than two children. This would be so fuel burning efficiency level. (Engines that community could be urged to support drives because there would be a law limiting two don't completely burn fuel in the cylinder to collect these articles. children per couple. Poor, uneducated peo during the explosion stroke of the piston Several suggestions were made about air ple cannot curb this problem with ease so emit a lot of fumes.) The burning efficiency pollution: contraceptives could be provided to them can be tested by examining the contents and 1. Invent cars and other types of trans with no cost. amount of the exhaust. portation which run on steam or air pres To nip overpopulation in the bud there The gasoline tax could be raised therefore sure instead of gasoline and oil. could be a school educational program that "guiding" people to buy cars that don't use 2 . Instead of smoking fireplaces we could teaches children the dangers of an over much gas. have natural gas burning fireplaces. We populated society. If they were taught when . I hope you have taken an interest in my would still be able to have fireplaces, but in they were young, this program would inform suggestions. I have tried to make them as stall gas furnaces. them of this problem when they are at a clear and as complete as I can. 3. Build rapid transit systems in metro susceptible age. Respectfully, politan areas. Pay heavy tolls or taxes on Turning to the subject of air pollution, PETE ARNSTEIN. highways and little or no no fare on the the car. of course, is the main problem. One transit systems. People will be forced to use idea of ours is for Congress to pass a bill ATHERTON, CALIF., the systems. This would lessen automobiles where by a certain date, if the auto and Janum·y 27, 1970. which are polluting the air. For example: oil industries have not put forth money in Hon. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, Jr., Raise the Bay Bridge toll to $2.00 or more research into the production of a better House of Representa.tives, and make the fare on B.A.R.T. or buses about car, the taxes on these industries would Congress of the United States, 20c. rise substantially. The goal of this bill Washington, D.C. 4. Natural gas would be cheaper than other would be to develop a non-polluting car DEAR Sm: In regard to your letter ad fuel used for heating and would not emit that had either a different type of engine, dressed to Hillview School concerning air nearly as many impurities in the air. fuel or both. pollution, my suggestions are as follows: In addition, heating natural gas is also Another idea of ours would be for Congress First, although it is the law at this time a solution to the gasoline combustion en to set up a non-partisan investigating com that all vehicles be equipped with anti-smog gine. Converting a regular gasoline engine mittee that would find out exactly who are devices, there is no individual inspection to to natural gas engines would not be a great the factories that are depositing considerable ascertain that they are equipped with such problem and it is also rather inexpensive. amounts of pollutants into the air. The next devices and that the devices are effective. 5. Get something like a giant cigarette thing this committee would do would be My suggestion would be to make such inspec filter which, when placed over a smoke stack, to expose them to the public and ask them tion mandatory and to require vehicles to would sort of soak up the smoke. Naturally, to cut down their pollution to a standard carry an annual inspection sticker as they this filter would have to be changed fre percent age or else. have in many states. quently. Airplanes also cause a substantial amount Secondly, I would propose that those com 6. Search for a different t ype of engine of pollution. First of all the number of panies or industries, which despite warnings, such as steam or electric. :flights should be reduced which would also We also had a suggestion on the population help the air traffic controllers. The airlines continue to pollute the air be penalized on a explosion: monthly basis in proport ion to the amount should be required by F.A.A. to equip the Put a heavier tax on families with three planes with better equipment to stop pollu of pollution which they produce. As soon as or more children rather than making chil it became economic to stop polluting the tion than they have now. They might also air, they would cease to do so. dren tax deductible. try to develop better fuels. Third, and finally, I suggest that hydro We should have more laws on pollution Finally, we think that a bill should be electric plants be run by nuclear power and we should also enforce them just as passed by the National Congress that would rather than coal or petroleum. strong as any other law or more so! prohibit all types of outdoor burning. Sincerely, Thank you for asking us to contribute our We would g·reatly appreciate it if you would ideas to you. KAREN FOSTER. take into consideration our ideas. we hope our ideas will be taken into con Yours very truly, McKINLEY ScHooL, sideration. We are sure that U you do use THEODORE C. ALWAY. REDWOOD CITY, CALIF., some of our suggestions and enforce more BRAIN H. JAFFE . Febru ar y 4, 1970. pollution laws we would all breathe easier. Mr. PAuL McCLOSKEY, We, the 8th grade students of Mrs. Til Menlo Park, Calif., House of Representatives, ford's 4th period class, thank you again. January 30, 1970. Washington, D.C. Sincerely, PAUL N. McCLoSKEY, Jr., DEAR MR. McCLOSKEY: We are students at CATHY GLAHN. Congress of the Uni ted States, McKinley Junior High School in Redwood House of Repr esentatives, City and we were informed that you were JANUARY 29, 1970. Washington, D.C. interested in learning about student's solu Hon. PAUL N. McCLoSKEY, Jr., DEAR MR. MCCLOSKEY: The technical prob tions to various environmental pollution Belmont, Calif. leinS of smog and air pollution due to gasoline problems. MY DEAR MR. McCLOSKY: We feel that to engines, have already been solved. Working Several suggestions for land and water keep down the population of this Nation, equipment has been tested and proven in pollution are: people should adopt children instead of hav automobiles many times. If you really would 1. Pass on the message of pollution through ing their own there are many children who like to do something about this problem you television by showing a series of pictures have been orphaned in wars and accidents. could pass and enforce a law using these new of polluted land and water and playing back- It is difficult to place many of these children smog control devices called fuel-injectors. June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20053 They are run by computers that measure that YES is "the best deterrent to juve CONGRESSIONAL REPORT TO just the right amount of gas that your engine nile delinquency in Glendale." NINTH DISTRICT RESIDENTS requires and no more. This also would save people more money on gasoline and they Our budget of $4,500 is met through JUNE 15, 1970 would get more power and no smog, for their volunteer donations, basically service money's worth. This would cut inflation by clubs, indiyiduals, and now recently the not making gas cost so much per gallon. Also Glendale Key Merchants Fashion Show. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON including the fact that they could be in The service does not provide any funds OF INDIANA stalled in every car across the country in one in the way of fees. Our only expenses are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year for $300,000. for the meager salary we pay our direc Tuesday, June 16, 1970 I have another suggestion that could help tor, Mrs. Frances Grigsby, the telephone this operation get started. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under A. When people buy these cars they would and the answering service. Office space is donated by one of our merchants. the leave to extend my remarks in the have no fee for registration and licensing REcORD, I include the following: their new car. Keeping the doors of YES open has B. If either you or the California legislators not been easy, but with the support of WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS could work it out so that there would be no our local townspeople who hope to con The stubborn problem of infiation is push toll for bridges on cars with these new tinue our youth employment service for ing a reluctant President towards some kind devices. many years in the future. of wage and price restraint, other than the C. Make or suggest a bill to make it illegal monetary and fiscal policies of the past. to drive a car without this new device. The spiral of wages and prices just hasn't I have been studying and listening to responded to the old remedies of making less people's various ways and ideas over the last money available and tight ening the govern 6 months on smog control, and I have formed SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL ment's budgets. several different views on pollution and how The President had expected to trim the to prevent it. I am very happy that your letter price increase rate to about 3 percent in has given me an opportunity to express my HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON 1969, as compared to a rate of more than views. I wish you the best of luck in finding OF CALIFORNIA 4 percent in 1968. But the Admini.stration a good solution to this terribly-nerve-racldng IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ended up with a 6.2 percent increase in 1969 problem in California as well as all over the and a comparable increase in prices early this United States. Tuesday, June 9, 1970 year. In addition, unemployment is running Sincerely yours, Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. at about 5 percent this year, well above the KATHY HUBBELL. Speaker, all of us want peace in the 3.5 percent of a year ago. P.S.-If you wish to know actual names of The appeal for patience to give the present the fuel-injector devices, people and/ or see Middle East and security for the nation policies a chance to work is wearing thin. the 50,000 mile test results I will be glad to of Israel. Presently, the Arab world, with Yet, the search for alternative approaches to furnish them to you. a population of 51 million, is waging a restrain wages and prices has yet to turn up war of attrition against Israel, a coun a policy which is effective. try of 2.8 million people. The conse Even though several distinguished econ quences of the Arab strategy seem to be omists have concluded that only mandatory GLENDALE SERVICE CLUBS YOUTH evident as illustrated by the May casu wage and price controls will stop infiation's EMPLOYMENT SERVICE, BRIEF alty list. In May, 61 Israel soldiers and spiral, this extreme approach is not being HISTORY AND STATISTICS considered seriously at present. An appeal civilians were killed-the heaviest for a temporary, voluntary freeze apparently monthly toll since the 1967 war. has been set aside because it could be shat HON. H. ALLEN SMITH In order to defend themselves, the tered by the automobile labor negotiations coming up this summer. The revival or per OF CALIFORNIA Israelies must depend heavily on air superiority. Without the threat and centage guidelines as a test of inflation in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the reality of air strikes against strategic wages and prices appears to be the most Tuesday, June 16, 1970 definite possibility. locations and massing Arab forces, the This approach, often called incomes policy, Mr. SMITH of California. Mr. Speaker, possibility of an Arab land invasion may is a supplement to the primary anti-infiation Glendale Service Clubs Youth Employ become a stunning reality. weapons of credit, tax, and spending policy. ment Service was formed in August 1967, In order to aid the Egyptians, Russia The idea is to muster public opinion against by interested service and civic organiza has sent thousands of military person the decisions of companies and unions that tions, to continue the youth employment nel and advisers. In addition, Russia has press for higher prices and wages. service started in 1951 by the Sertoma armed the Egyptians with sophisticated Congress has shown an interest in an in antiaircraft missiles, advanced Mig's and comes policy. The House Banking Commit Club of Glendale. tee voted to support legislation which would Mrs. Frances Grigsby has been direc Soviet pilots to man them. give the President authority to control wages, tor of YES since 1954. She is highly quali Mr. Speaker, the Israelies are fighting prices and rents, though he would not be fied and dedicated to this service. for their very existence. They cannot af required to use such authority. Another The Glendale YES is known through ford to lose. While working for peace in Committee has approved legislation which out the country, and hardly a month goes every way, we must provide Israel with would reinstate the voluntary guidelines, by that we do not receive a request for the strength to deter any Russian-Arab setting limits for wage increases and price intentions of eliminating Israel. changes. In the latter case, the President assistance in setting up a service of this would be urged to use every persuasion to kind in other areas. In order to restore the balance of keep wage and price levels within acceptable Each year the number of placements power, Israel has requested additional limits. has increased, to approximately 2,000 last jets. Thus far, the administration has Support for the incomes policy approach year. not taken firm action on the sale of comes from several sources. Arthur Burns, This is a service to the community in supersonic jets to Israel. I believe that Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and many ways. It puts money into the hands we should, first, urge the Russians to former adviser to the President, and Pierre of youngsters who in turn spend it in withdraw their forces from the Middle Paul Schweitzer, managing director of the It is East and, second, aid Israel and allow International Monetary Fund are backers of Glendale to aid the economy. a serv the policy. Additional support comes from ice to the Glendale citizenry who need her to keep an effective and valid deter the presidents of Prudential Insurance Co., a babysitter, a yardboy, a part-time rent. We can best prevent the outbreak Chase Manhattan Board, Fortune Magazine, office girl, stockboy, delivery boy, hos of full-scale hostilities by approving the the Organization for Economic Cooperation pital service personnel, et cetera. It keeps sale of supersonic jet aircraft requested and Development, and from many members our young people, our potential labor by Israel in order to help restore the of Congress, both Republican and Democrat. market, in Glendale. It relieves the balance of power in the Middle East. Even the Treasury Department's head econ schools of supplying employment serv In this regard, I have joined with my omist has suggested that it is time for the ices the students, but, more important, President to consider some type of incomes to colleagues in writing the President urg policy to curb excessive wage and price it teaches young people responsibility to ing an affirmative decision on the sale of increases. an employer, and makes for better future jets to Israel. These planes are vital While no one expects complete success, full-time employees. It has been attrib to the preservation of the balance and the sentiment is growing that wage and price uted to the Glendale Police Department peace in the Middle East. guidelines should at least be tried. They 20054 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 have worked reasonably well in the past, but of such oppression is striking. They de So does yet another amendment to the they have not been uniformly successful. serve our respect and commemoration. original 1965 act-giving the vote to 18-year They are invariably discriminatory and in Mr. Speaker, in our day-to-day con olds. equitable because pressure is brought to bear Granted that this moment in history is on a few prominent industries while scores cerns, we sometimes lose sight of the seeing something of a. backlash against of other enterprises go unscathed. great tragedy suffered by the.citizei?S of young protestors, as witnessed by the turn One form of a wage and price restraint the Baltic States. On this sad anmver down of a 19-year-old vote referendum by the policy might be to appoint a watchdog com sary let us again remember and renew citizens of Oregon recently. Granted that the mission to bring to light excessive wage and our support for the self-determination House itself may have mixed feelings at the price decisions. The commission, which would of these oppressed people. moment about the implications of the youth include representatives of business, labor movement, and its own history of little in and consumer interests, could publish an terest in enfranchising the young (the House analysis of key price and wage developments has never even debated the issue, in commit each month. The incomes policy plan can't ''TWO STEPS AT ONCE" tee or on the floor). Granted that the con do any harm, and it could even slow things stitutionality of the measure is not yet cer down a little. It might help to brake the tain. inflationary psychology which is a chief fac HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON Nonetheless, this is a moment when, more tor in rising prices today. OF NEW YORK than ever before, it is necessary to bring Many persons, including myself, have come IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES youth into the democratic electoral process. to believe that we ought to try an incomes They are being wooed by extremists who be policy to help avert an economic crunch Tuesday, June 16, 1970 lieve that the orderly elective process of which might come from a severe application Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, as we change is too slow, is in the hands of an evil of economic monetary and fiscal policy. draw closer to that important day-the minded "establishment," and that the sys While it might be distasteful, and at best tem must be overthrown, not worked with would have only modest success, it is pref day the House votes on the Voting Rights in. erable to direct control, it is also apparent Act and the 18-year-old vote-it seems Apart from this negative reason, there is that present policies have not stopped the to me that we should reflect on the sig also a greater desire among the young today rate of inflation and something more is nificance that each of our votes will have to influence constructively the course of the needed. on the course this Nation takes in the nation's events. The intensive youth lobby coming years. ing effort in Washington going on at the mo The impact of the original Voting ment is one sign of this. HORTON REMEMBERS "I:RAGIC AN Rights Act cannot be denied-one need The black community, too, is being wooed NIVERSARY OF BALTIC STATES only look to the recent primary election by forget-the-system, if not destroy-the system advocates. ~ere is no point in con in Alabama to note that black voters ceding the ground to the other side. The HON. FRANK HORTON played a significant role, and a role that House should vote to extend the 1965 act, they might not even have been able to with the Senate amendments. OF NEW YORK play were it not for the Voting Rights IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Act. But certainly we have not reached Tuesday, June 16, 1970 the millennium in this regard and, there fore the extension of the act is a neces BABE RUTH BASEBALL Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, the grim sity' and the same procedures will ccm. anniversary of the Baltic States of Lat tintle to be necessary until the day our via, Lithuania, and Estonia is being com racial prejudices dissipate to the degree HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. memorated this week. that such leg4)lation is superfluous. OF NEW JERSEY This week marks the 30th anniversary Similarly if our common counsel to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Soviet invasion and their imposi students and young people to "work Tuesday, June 16, 1970 tion of terror on these freedom-loving within the system" is to have any mean countries. ing whatsoever, we must give them the Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the impor Between June 14 and June 17, 1940, the opportunity to have access to that sys tance of baseball to today's youth cannot Soviets invaded Latvia, Lithuania, and tem. We have the opportunity before us be overlooked. During the last 101 years, Estonia, and incorporated them into the now to turn our rhetoric into reality by baseball has become an integral part of Soviet regime. Within the year, thou granting the franchise to young people our summers, acquiring the nickname of sands of Estonians, Latvians, and Lith across the Nation. our ''national pasttime.'' Many famous men have gained prominence through uanians were deported to the Soviet As each member considers the way Union, mainly the dreaded Siberia. that his vote shall be cast, I offer the baseball, among them-Ty Cobb, Cy The seizure of the Baltic States has following editorial from the Christian Young, Lou Gehrig, Willie Mays, and o?r been a subject of serious discussion for Science Monitor of June 8, 1970, which Washington Senators' manager, Ted Wil some time. Four years ago, the House and I believe eloquently yet concisely de liams. Perhaps the most famous of all Senate passed a resolution supporting the scribes the issue before us: is the immortal Babe Ruth. That the baseball organization, founded aspirations of ·Baltic peoples for self Two STEPS AT ONCE determination antl national independ in 1951, bears the narr:.e of Babe Ruth-a The House of Representatives will shortly pitcher who could hit, converted to an ence. The resolution urged the President have the chance, in a single vote on extend of the United States to direct world opin ing the Voting Rights Act of 1965, of taking outfielder, and the holder of many, many ion at the United Nations to the denial at least two steps toward greater national hitting records, for example his 714 of the right of self-determination of the unity. home runs-is a tribute to a great player. Baltic peoples, and to bring the fo.rce of Many black Americans-more than a mil Young boys in the United States and world opinion to bear on restoratiOn of lion of them-have been brought into the around the world are exposed to the sport these rights. electoral process by the 1965 bi11, which is due loved by this outstanding American. I feel particularly close to this problem to expire in August. The original bill waived In this light the necessity of Babe Ruth literacy tests in states in which fewer than Baseball is vita-l to the youth of our coun because I have many constituents who half of all eligible voters registered or voted have escaped Communist rule and I have in the 1964 election. Federal registrars were try. Through Babe Ruth Baseball we personally heard of their terrible ex also sent into the seven Southern states to build our young men physically; it also periences. which the bill applied. presents the fundamentals of democracy, I feel that by renewing our support of The Senate ln March voted to renew the competition and f?POrtsmanship. These these brave people of the Baltic States, 1965 act. And it added significant amend fundamentals, which are presented ments. The literacy test ban would be ap through all sports activity, instill pride we show our renewed devotion to the plied to the whole nation. Residency require all in these boys, and stimulate their desire hopes of people for liberty. ments would be also banned nationwide for to succeed in education, in sports, and I support these people who continually presidential elections. Given the political in jobs, thereby creating better citizens. endure and strive for freedom. I salute need to make civil-rights action seem less an With the life and achievements of Babe their spirit and commend them for their instrument of provocation to the South, and the fact that the mobility of the population Ruth as a guide for them, participation courage. disenfranchies many voters under residency in Babe Ruth Baseball is one of the best They were brutally crushed by the So laws-as well as simple fairness-these experiences available to the young men viets, and yet their courage in the face amendments make sense. of our country. June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20055 BOB HOPE: THE SPffiiT OF THE their f.aith in a battered, but magnificent, Unfortunately, while most of the na nation of free people. tions of Latin America and Europe dur FOURTH OF JULY Along toward the end of the day, Hope hinted, a featured "speaker" might be the ing the 19th centry and many countries HON. JAMES M. COLLINS President of the United Srtates. of Africa and Asia during the 20th were It will be a day for all Americans, and that gaining their freedom from colonialism, OF TEXAS includes reasoning dissenters. It won't be a other lands were being deprived of their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place for counter demonstrations-and the independence, among these are the t hree Tuesday, June 16, 1970 greatest of all shows of strength could come Baltic Republics-Estonia, Latvia, and if it goes off without a marring incident. Lithuania. Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, Bob Hope Bob Hope deserves that--whether some are Yesterday was the 30th anniversay of is leading the way again. He is spear opposed to national policy. He respects their right to their bag, but he loathes violence. the invasion of these small nations by heading the greatest Fourth of July cele the Soviet Union. It was on June 15, 1940, bration in American history, and it will He should have their respect. It's something another man of 35 years ago when the Communists, who, along with be right here in Washington. might have done. National Socialist Germany, had but a Most of us in Congress will be back Sadly, very few of the immediate younger short time before taken over Poland, home with our neighbors for this tra generations ever heard o'f a man named Will seized Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. ditional occasion. July 4 will be a pro Rogers. Mr. Speaker, as we celebrate Inde gram of prayer, of honor for our flag, He was a Claremore, Okla., cowhand who pendence Day with oratory, music, and and climaxed when we pause with hu t wirled a lariat, brushed back a wayward cowlick, squinted one eye-and said a lot of other activities, let us remember to offer mility and respect to recall the greatness up prayers that the peoples of the Baltic of the inception of our Republic. But wise things. Will Rogers twitted presidents in homey, Republic will soon be able to resume their these are our hometowns--Grassroots, spontaneous humor. He could take the heav honored places among the free nations U.S.A. iest national issues and iron them out in of the world. And thank the good Lord, Bob Hope is plain language that all could understand. He bringing this same patriotic spirit into had wisdom-like you get from living with the city of Washington. Washington, plain folk and just listening. more than any city in our Nation, needs He loved his country and he tried to keep it on a straight path with his daily little MAYOR SIMS the rejuvenation. two-paragraph gems that most newspapers Down in Texas we list our heroes at published on the front page. He kidded and every opportunity. They are all Texans he poked fun-but the last sentence of every HON. CHARLES A. VANIK of years gone by including Houston, Aus column was always frosted in horse sense. OF OHIO tin, Travis, and Crockett. But today we He was sort of a national referee. His rul IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ings were always fair and he didn't need have a contemporary Texan whom we Tuesday, June 16, 1970 consider the lone star in our Lone Star brick or bottles or firebombs to dissent. He used only words; words of depth, reason, Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, in the public flag. He is Bob Hope. He was not born compassion and understanding. in Texas. He has never lived there. He Will Rogers died long before his time in service, there are occasions when a per does not vote there. But Hope is as much an Alaskan plane crash. Million of Americans son of extraordinary quality and dedica of Texas as the hot sun in the summer who knew him have said millions of times tion appears on the scene to fulfill a high and the north wind in the winter. Bob these days: .. . "If we only had a Will Rogers calling. Hope is always with us in spirit--he is these days ..." For over 32 years, the city of Euclid in all-American and in Texas we rate him The closest we'll come to a Will Rogers is the 22d district has had the invaluable the champ. Bob Hope. He has the national image and respect. He has the same intense love for his service of Mayor Kenneth J. Sims who All of this to say that I read an excel country, and he has the guts to stand up to will retire on June 19th. The Sims ad lent editorial in the Dallas Times Herald any heckling hippie. ministration has been a model of good of June 10, written by the editor, Felix It would be fairly safe to say that next to government for over 3 decades; nonpar R. McKnight, which sums up how Tex the presidency, Bob Hope probably carries tisan, reformist, efficient, and respected. ans feel about Bob Hope. as much national respect as any man. He Mayor Sims has had the support of a The editorial follows: has given many years o'f his life to building that confidence. coalition of citizens who believed in good On the Fourth of July, a citizen named government. The strength of this coali Bob Hope will stand alongside the Wash He takes Christmas to battlefields. He has ington Monument and ask his brothers to been doing it for years. He is a solid human tion grew in every successive term. The cool their differences and act like Americans. itarian. He is a funny man, all right, but he high standards of public administration I:t used to be done every Fourth of July also has the sincerity and believability that which have characterized his work in all over the land. made Will Rogers before him. sure that Euclid will be well-governed. Somehow, it went out of style. And we Bob Hope practices what he preaches. He The citizens are accustomed to these haven't been the same since. is no fair weather American. He is just the standards. They will not settle for less. But Bob Hope, who has earned his creden fellow to be standing by the Washington tials, will use the same hallowed slope that Monument on July 4th. Life in the city of Euclid is a warm, has been available to war dissenters to rally satisfying experience. People care about his distressed nation around its flag. each other-as the city cares about its He wants a half-million persons to crowd people. This is part of the Sims heritage. the monument grounds and he wants every THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE Although the city of Euclid has grown television viewer in the 50 states to tune in INVASION OF THE THREE BALTIC in the Sims administration from 13,000 on an "Honor America Day." It's his idea, REPUBLICS BY THE SOVIET UNION and a superb one, to show the world that we to over 80,000, the citizens are still treat are not the total suckers they prattle about. ed as special people by their mayor. Corny? Maybe, by a few of today's stand HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER In a quiet, modest and dignified way, ards. But beautiful to most Americans-if OF ll..LINOIS Mayor Sims has administered public af t hey will get up their guts, shake their fairs in the highest traditions of the t imidity about national. pride and sing out. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES public service. This is no pro or con matter with Bob Tuesday, June 16, 1970 Hope. It is not a rebuttal to antiwar ele As a grateful resident of the city of ments. Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, the peo Euclid, I join with my fellow citizens "We're trying to keep the war out of this; ple of the United States will soon observe in saying "Well done, Mr. Mayor." May to make this a celebration instead o'f a dem the 194th anniversary of the Declaration you and Mrs. Sims have many happy onstration," Hope said. "We want this to be of Independence. During the almost two and healthy years in a well-deserved t he biggest celebration in American history." centuries that have elapsed since July 4, retirement. It will be an aU-day affair, like an old I would like to include in the RECORD Fourth family outing, and it will be staged 1776, our Nation has been an inspiration by another group of all-Americans, Walt to peoples all over the world. Many of at this point the following editorial from Disney's crowd. them have obtained their own independ the Cleveland Press of June 12, 1970: Besides Hope will be another alternate ence since the Founding Fathers severed SIMS OF EUCLID Is A MODEL MAYOR emcee. Billy Graham, and other famed per the ties that previously bound us to the The ideal public official should be a dy sonalt ies who want to publicly acknowledge British Empire. namic individual of absolute integrit y, enor- 20056 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 mous energy, and total dedication to the munity pride. He initiated the annual honor league, the Kings County Crimi community he serves. heritage tours of Santa Clara and re nal Bar Association-and the list could Few men live up to such high standards. cently established, with other leading But on€ who always has is Kenneth J. Sims, continue. 68, stepping down next wook after 32 years citizens, the Santa Clara Foundation to It is not easy for me to speak about a as mayor of Euclid. promote the historic preservation of the colleague with whom I had worked so The dean or this area's top officials was city. For the past 6 years he has judged closely for so many years. Encomiums do elected in 1937 as head of a coalition ticket and participated in the Santa Clara not really tell the story. Rather I would after a Press expose of gambling' and slot Past and Present Art Show which has like to single out two of Sidney's many machine operations in what then was a provided the nucleus for a civic art col attributes for special mention. modest-size community on the lake. He lection through its pm·chase awards. He vowed to clean up the city and make it a . The first is the great love that he had bigger and better one, and he did. is also a patron and legal counsel for the for his wife, Beverly. Theirs was a true Under Sims' guidance, Euclid has achieved Santa Clara Philharmonic Orchestra. marital partnership, and they were a a rare and highly enviable suburban mix of Such far-ranging and faithful com wonderful team. single residents, towering apartments lining munity service is rare and precious and The second, I think, was his stick-to Lake Erie, giant industries, successful com roundly deserves recognition and thanks. itiveness, his doggedness in overcoming mercial developments, pleasant recreation I would like to join here, for the RECORD what sometimes seemed to be over areas, and a school system to match. in congratulating Austen D. Warburto~ Ken Sims' career is a lesson in public serv whelming and insurmountable. Sidney ice. He has earned all the honors he has for his outstanding contributions to a made others who came in contact with received-and will receive-from the com grateful community. him respect, admire, and love him. Be munity he has been part of for so many years. cause of this, he had the marks of a truly great man. His deeds and his many friendships A TRIBUTE TO SIDNEY LICHTMAN are ample testimony to the type of man AUSTEN D. WARBURTON HONORED he was. While it is with sadness that we HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL pay tribute to his memory, we must re OF NEW YORK member that he accomplished what few HON. DON EDWARDS men ever do: He made a true contribu OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion to the life of his fellow man. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, June 16, 1970 In summary, I think that we can de Tuesday, June 16, 1970 Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker I would scribe Sidney's life with the following creed: Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. like to pay tribute to the mer'nory of a Speaker, the city of Santa Clara to friend, Assemblyman Sidney Lichtman. You walk through this life but once. All ~he good you can do to your fellow man, do morrow will honor one of its outstand His sudden and untimely death was a deep shock. Along with his dear wife, 1t now. Do not defer it nor deter it, for you ing citizens, Austen D. Warburton, may not pass this way again. whose name is synonymous with public Beverly, and his two sons, Jay and Stev service in that community. His achieve en, and other members of his family, I ments on behalf of youth, conserva deeply mourn his passing. tion, and the preservation of local his If I were asked to describe the way I BALTIC STATES FREEDOM tory and culture have been outstanding. best remember Sidney, it would be as a A native of Santa Clara, descendant of a fighter for what he believed right and HON. JAMES J. HOWARD local pioneer family, attorney, and for just. He stood out because he brought mer law professor, Mr. Warburton has dedication and tenacity of purpose to all OF NEW JERSEY served as city councilman and vice mayor his many endeavors. When the odds were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Santa Clara and was chairman of the against him, he fought the hardest. Odds Tuesday, June 16, 1970 board of freeholders that drafted the did not mean a thing to Sidney, and he w~ proven right every time. Yet, along Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, present city charter. He was founder of we noted the 30th anniversary of the de the city's parks and recreation depart Wlth those he also brought the most im portant characteristic-compassion. portation of thousands of citizens of Es ment and served on the parks and recre tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. At that ation commission in addition to the civil As an assistant district attorney for Kings County and as an assemblyman time, I inserted, with my comments, the service, planning, and historic landmarks text of the House Concurrent Resolution commissions. Because of his great in from the 44th assembly district, he left an indelible mark. His all too brief years 416, which was passed by the 89th Con terest in youth, he established the Santa gress. Clara Juvenile Justice Commission and in the assembly from the 44th-the dis trict that we both had the honor of suc Today, I would like to call the attention served on the county's first delinquency of my colleagues to an editorial by the prevention commission. He is permanent cessively representing-demonstrated his outstanding grasp of the important prob respected columnist David Lawrence chairman of the Santa Clara Juvenile dealing with this same subject. This edi Advisory Council, which he established lems and issues confronting the citizens of our State and community. torial appeared in the Asbury Park, N.J., 15 years ago to work with first-time Press, of June 11, 1970, and I believe is juvenile offenders. He is a longtime Sidney's colleagues on both sides of the aisle recognized his expertise in the an excellent discussion of the need for member of the Governor's Conference attention toward the unfortunate peo on Youth, president of the Santa Clara area of criminal law and procedure. He was a most progressive legislator in the ples of the Baltic nations. Youth Center, and serves or has served The editorial follows: on the boards of Eastfield, YMCA, the area of criminal procedure-demonstrat Adult Guidance Clinic, Brandon House, ing his deep concern with criminal re BOTH SIDES OF MAJOR WAR PAID DIVIDENDS Valley Village Retirement Home, and the habilitation and jury trials for misde FOR RUSSIA Santa Clara County Council of the Boy meanor cases in New York City. (By David Lawrence) Scouts. He is also vice president of the He was involved and active in the areas WASHINGTON .-It isn't often that a nation of electoral reform, increasing the min fights on both sides of a Inajor war and comes Central Area United Fund and chairman out with a big prize derived from each ad of the fund's allocations committee. imum wage, and lowering the voting age versary. His interest in history, culture, and to 18. The younger generation of today wasn't Indian folklore led to his appointment as I remember Sidney as kind, gracious, even born when it all happened. For on the the city's first curator, a title created and thoughtful. We all remember him as 15th of this month, a tragic anniversary will especially for him. His contributions to having high regard for his fellow man. oo recorded. On that day in 19-40 the Soviet the preservation of local history and cul His service to the community in official Union-then an ally of Nazi Germany and unofficial capacities is testimony annexed Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia, which ture are both personal and civic. Author the Red Army had invaded and occupied of a book called "Indian Lore of the enough to that fact. He served as a mem e.fter the conquest of Poland. Later on, when Northern california Coast," he owns a ber of the Federation of Jewish Philan Hitler turned on the Russians in June 1941, prizewinning collection of early Cali thropies' Speakers Bureau, as vice pres America caine to their aid, and, as a conse fornia art. His shows of Indian art and ident of the Kings County Lodge of B'nai quence of the victory of the Western Allies, artifacts have long been a source of com- B'rith, a member of the policemen's the Soviet Union was able to secure domi- June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20057 nan.t control over the so-called independent WASHINGTON REPORT Republican President, Dwight Eisenhower, governments in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hun who signed the revenue bond bill, with its gary, Rumania, Bulgaria and East Germany. $750 million ceiling, into law in August, 1959. Without Hitler's help, the Russians HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN Comes 1966, and the need to raise that wouldn't have acquired the Baltic states. OF TENNESSEE ceiling. On the Hill the key :figure in the Without America's aid, they wouldn't have House is Congressman Bob Jones of Alabama, won control of the "captive nations" of East IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chairman of the subcommittee of the House ern Europe. Tuesday, June 16, 1970 Public Works Committee which considered The seizure o:r the Baltic states--Lithuania, TVA bond legislation. Congressman Jones Latvia and Estonia-has for many years been Mr. QUTI...LEN. Mr. Speaker, I have had been a co-author and stalwart in the the subject of discussion in the United introduced a bill, H.R. 16061, to amend 1959 fight to obtain revenue bond authority. States, and efforts have been made in the section 15(d) of the Tennessee Valley In the Senate in 1966, the top Valley sup United Nations to persuade the Russians to Authority Act of 1933 to increase the porters are two Republcians-ranking mem liberate the three countries. The United amount of bonds which may be issued by bers of the Senate Public Works Committee- States government has . over the past 30 the Tennessee Valley Authority. Senator John Sherman Cooper of Ken years maintained a policy of non-recognition tucky and Senator Howard Baker of Ten of the occupation of the Baltic states. The This is legislation which I feel is vi nessee. Senate Foreign Relations Committee has tally needed as I know how important What is the problem in 1966? The Bureau again and again expressed disapproval of TVA services are to Tennessee and sur of the Budget. Mind you, there's a Demo the Soviet course. rounding States. cratic President now, Lyndon Johnson. But Just four years ago, the House and Sen Recently, Mr. J. D. Brown, Washing it matters not to the Bureau of the Budget; ate, each by unanimous vote, adopted a con ton representative of the Tennessee Val th~ goal apparently is to put such restrictions current resolution urging the President of the ley Public Power Association, gave his on TVA that it will have to come to the United States "to direct the attention of Budget Bureau every other year for more world opinion at the United Nations and at "Washington Report" at the 24th bonding authority. The Budget Bureau rec other appropriate international forums and TVPPA annual meeting at Jekyll Island, ommends an increase in TVA's bond ceiling by such means as he deems appropriate, to Ga. of only $250 million-to a total of $1 billion. the denial of the rights of self-determination In his remarks, Mr. Brown dwells con But TVA's Congressional friends would not for the peoples of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithu siderably on the subject of TVA bond stand still for such a small increase in the ania, and to bring the force of world opinion ceilings. His views on this legislation are borrowing limit. After many agonizing weeks to bear on behalf of the restoration of these enlightening and I feel they should be of negotiation, President Johnson finally rights to the Baltic peoples." The resolution agreed to recommend to the. Congress that says: made available to readers of the RECORD, the ceiling on TVA's borrowing authority be "The subjection of peoples to alien subju as follows: raised to $1.75 billion-an increase of $1 bil gation, domination, and exploitation consti WASHINGTON REPORT lion, or more than double the initial cei,ling tutes a denial of fundamental human rights, (Remarks by J.D. Brown) of $750 million. is contrary to the charter of the United It is a real pleasure to join with TVA's The bill to accomplish this passed both Nations, and is an impediment to the promo Houses rather quickly, and was signed into tion of world peace and cooperation ... Manager of Power. Jim Watson, at what will surely be classed as one of the most success law, with flourishes, by President Johnson "All peoples have the right to self in 1966. determination; by virtue of that right they ful of the Tennessee Valley Public Power Association's 24 annual meetings. This brings us to 1970. The bond ceiling freely determine their political status and must be raised again. This time only four freely pursue their economic, social, cultural, My assignment at this meeting is to dis years has elapsed since TVA was before the and religious development...• cuss the washington scene. Congress for a higher bond ceiling. "The Baltic ty.:oples of Estonia, Latvia, and Last year I told you that the main fea Let's trace what has happened this year. Lithuania have been forcibly deprived of tures of the Washington scene for the Ten In January, Congressman Bob Jones of these rights by the government of the Soviet nessee Valley were the departure of Lister Alabama addressed the Legislative and Reso Union." Hill of Alabama from the U.S. Senate--a fact lutions Committee of the American Public An organization called "Americans for that today still has not-insignificant reper Power Association in Washington, D.C. He Congressional Action to Free the Baltic cussions for TVA-the fact that a vacancy called for "an increase in TVA's borrowing States" was formed a few years ago, and existed on the TVA Board, and that Red authority to at least $:5 billion ... Said Con Richard M. Nixon has been a member of its Wagner was the obvious choice--a vacancy gressman Jones: "Within the next 10 years, honorary committee since 1967. which, to the Administration's credit, has the TVA must install as much electric gen There are a large number of descendants been filled by Mr. Wagner ... and tha~ erating capacity as has been installed during and relatives of natives of Lithuania, Latvia within a few months TVA would necessarily the previous 35 years of the system's exist and Estonia residing in America today, but ask the Congress for an increase in the ceil ence." He mentioned the time lag of up to many citizens with no ethnic connections ing on TVA's authority to issue revenue six years in delivery of major generating have also been sympathetic with the move bonds and notes to :finance power supply equipment. ment to terminate the enslavement of the expansion in the Valley. About one month later-on February 19- Baltic states by the Soviet Union and to THE BOND CEILING seventeen members of the House intrOduced restore their independence. The bulk of my remarks today will deal H.R. 16061, a bill to raise the ceiling on The occupation of the Baltic states since with the major TVA issue in the Congress TVA's revenue bond authority from $1.75 1940 has been called one of the most brutal of today: the proposal to increase TVA's reve billion to $5 billion. all times. The three countries have lost more nue bond authority. These seventeen House members were: than one fourth of their entire population. Why is this revenue bond ceiling impor Alabama: Walter Flowers, fifth district; During the period between 1940 and 1952, Tom Bevill, seventh; and Robert E. Jones, some 30,000 Lithuanian freedom fighters tant? What does it really mean to the Ten nessee Valley? eighth district. were killed in an organized resistance move Georgia: John W. Davis, seventh district. ment against the invaders. Cessation in 1952 The plain fact is that a ceiling on TVA's Kentucky: Frank Stubblefield, :first; and of armed guerrilla warfare didn't end the authority to borrow money is more than a protest against Soviet domination, and pas dollar ceiling; it is, indeed, a ceiling on the Tim Lee Carter, fifth district. sive resistance has continued, while efforts growth and progress of the Tennessee Valley. Mississippi: Thomas Abernethy, first; and to present the case of the Baltic states have It is a ceiling on the commercial, indus Jamie Whitten, second district. proceeded in different parts of the world. trial, and farm growth necessary to a thriv Tennessee: James Quillen, first; John At a time when Western powers have been ing region of the United States. Duncan, second; William Brock, third; Joe L. granting freedom and independence to many It was in 1959 that the Congress first au Evins, fourth; Richard Fulton, fifth; William nations in Africa. Asia and other areas, liber thorized TVA to issue revenue bonds, notes, Anderson, sixth; Ray Blanton, seventh; Ed ation of the peoples of Lithuania, Latvia and "and other evidences of indebtedness," with ward Jones, eighth; and Dan Kuykendall, Estonia has not had the widespread support a ceiling of $750 million on the amount of ninth district. it deserves. Attempts are being made to get bonds and notes that TVA could have out Virginia: William Wampler, ninth district. a supplementary resolution passed by Con standing at any one time. While everyone As a routine matter, a bill such as this is gress soon to reaffirm that all people have realized that the $750 million ceiling would referred to a committee, in this case to the the right to self-determination, which means soon have to be raised, it was seven years be House Public Works Committee, which in the right freely to choose their own govern fore TVA had to come back to the Congress cludes two Tennessee Valley leaders, Con ment and to pursue their own development. to lift the ceiling. gressman Bob Jones, and Congressman John The objective is to persuade the administra It is significant to keep in mind that, when Duncan of Knoxville. When this bill reaches tion here to bring the issue of the Baltic the initial revenue bond bill was before Con the committee, the chairman of the commit states before the United Nations and to pre gress, the Bureau of the Budget recom tee normally sends out a letter to affected sent again to the world the case for complete mended a ceiling of only $200 million Federal agencies asking for their views or withdrawal of the Soviets from Lithuania, enough borrowing authority to last TVA for comments. Latvia and Estonia. only a couple of years. This was under a In the first part of March, TVA submitted 20058 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 a letter to the House Public Works Commit The main factor is time. For how many I think it is time for action on the power tee stating that it supported the bill pro years will TVA be able to plan ahead on supply crisis-and not for the kind of ap posing to ra.ise the bond ceiling to $5 billion. power supply, knowing that when it gets proach that a timid, cautious accountant Apparently officials in the Budget Bureau ready to order new generating equipment, might take. and White House were disturbed because the it will not have to delay for months pend The fact is that--from the standpoint of Tennessee Valley Congressmen had intro ing action in Washington, D.C.? How often our national budget, and our national fiscal duced legislation on TVA bond authority be should TVA come back to the Congress, for policies-the level of TVA revenue bond au fore the Administration sent up its own a review of how it has exercised its bonding thority has little or no impact. Is the Bureau bill; and because TVA had forwarded its authority? The first time frame was seven of the Budget concerned because TVA's bor views to the House Public Works Committee years, from 1959 to 1966; the second, four rowing increases the national debt? No; without clearing it with the Administration. years, from 1966 to 1970; now the Budget TVA's bonds are not a part of the national But the Valley Congressmen did not feel Bureau is recommending what amounts to debt; they are paid off from the money your bound to wait for the Administration to a two-year to three-year time span between consumers pay for electric service. Will the make up its mind about the bond ceiling. bond ceiling increases. amount of the ceiling on TVA bonds have an And TVA apparently submitted its views to Why, at a time when the nation is power effect on our overall fiscal policy? the House Public Works Committee in the short, should TVA be limited to two to Not one whit. TVA will obviously issue interests of moving the legislation along as three years in its effective power supply bonds only when it needs to. And by the rapidly as possible. planning? same token, TVA will not be able to cut On March 28 the Budget Bureau delivered Today many parts of the Nation are facing back on its capital spending, because when the bad news to the House Public Works an electric power crisis. the power demand is there, it must be met. Committee, in comments on the bill to raise As Red Wagner put it in a speech in It would make no difference whether TVA's the ceiling to $5 billion. Memphis last month, "The public should be bond ceiling were $3.5 billion or $35 billion, Said the Budget Bureau, presenting the aware that a horse race is on between power so far as budgetary and fiscal policies of the Administration's position: supply and power demand nearly everywhere Federal government are concerned. 1. "The Administration recognizes TVA's in the United States ... The race will not What is the reason for the rather low ceil need to prepare in advance for future power end soon. I include the Tennessee Valley ing on TVA's bonding authority, then? Ba needs in its marketing area. Much has been in this assessment. The Number One prob sically, control. The Budget Bureau wants accomplished by TVA in its power program lem of the electric industry today-nation to keep as much control over TVA as possible, since 1959 when its bonding authority was ally and in the Tennessee Valley-is to meet even though Congress created TVA as a so first enacted." Thus, said the Administra the loads which now exist and those which called independent government corporation. tion, we recognize the need for long-range will mount tomorrow and next year and And the Congress feels some sort of obliga power supply planning. the year after." tion to review TVA's bond authority every 2. "Because of the tenuous nature of pro The power supply crisis is real. few years. jecting growth of power demand in the Val Obviously, then, an agency with a peak But from a national power policy stand ley coupled with the uncertainty of AEC's load of some 16 million kilowatts, and with point, it would make better sense to raise future power needs, we believe that an in loads doubling every ten years or sooner, TVA's bond ceiling to $10 billion or $20 bil crease as large as $3.25 billion should not should be able to plan far ahead for its lion, or eliminate the ceiling completely, so be made at this time.'' Said the Administra power supply-which, indeed, your power TVA could make the maximum long-range tion in effect: we don't know whether loads supply. TVA has 20 million kilowatts of gen contribution to our nation's power supply will grow as fast as TVA has said they will, erating capacity on the line now, another problem, a problem which will be with us for so we will gamble that they won't. 10 million kilowatts under construction, several years. 3. "However, because of the importance of and another 5 million kilowatts ready for The situation in May. Since the Budget TVA's power program and in recognition of orders. It is the nation's largest integrated Bureau sent its March 28 letter to the House the financial flexibility that a corporation power network. To say that it cannot look Public Works Committee, the situation has must have, particularly in our nuclear age, more than two or three years ahead for included these elements: we believe that a substantial increase could financing seems not only short-sighted but a. The TVA Board sent a second letter to be utilized now to meet future program perhaps even dangerous. the House Public Works Committee stating commitments. In today's United States power picture, it that it was agreeable to the $3.5 billion "Accordingly, we recommend a doubling of is no longer possible to look at, for example, ceiling, instead of the $5 billion ceiling. What TVA's present bonding authority to a total power supply in the Tennessee Valley in iso this meant was that, with the Administra $3.5 billion." lation from power supply in the rest of the tion's position now made public, TVA was To its credit, the Budget Bureau is recom nation. going along with the Administration. mending an increase of $1.75 billion in TVA's TVA is interconnected at 26 points with b. There still has been no bill introduced revenue bond authority-a much larger in neighboring power systems, for economical on the Senate side. A key man is Tennessee crease, in dollars and percentage, than that exchange of power, and to further safeguard Senator Howard Baker, a member of the recommended by the Budget Bureau on the the reliability of power supply. TVA ex Senate Public Works Committee. It is expect two earlier pieces of bond legislation, in 1959 changes nearly two million kilowatts, on a ed that Senator Baker will introduce a TVA and 1966. seasonal basis, with utilities in the South bond bill soon. Whether he will go with But once you give the Budget Bureau west; it will soon be able to exchange about the Administration's $3.5 billion ceiling, or credit for an improved attitude, the Bureau's 1.5 million kilowatts with the American Elec join the 17 Vu.lley House members who back recommendation for a $3.5 billion ceiling, tric Power Company system; it has executed the $5 billion ceiling, is not known at pres rather than a $5 billion ceiling, falls short or is negotiating reliability and coordination ent. of realism. agreements with the. Southern Company, c. Sen. Baker and Congressman Jones have The Budget Bureau, in its letter to the Middle South Utilities, and other private paid a visit to the Director of the Budget House Public Works Committee, says: power companies around the Valley. Bureau, Robert Mayo, to talk about TVA's a. Bonding authority of $3.5 billion "will Thus, TVA, as a significant part of the na budget, including the revenue bond ceiling. enable TVA, according to its plans and maxi tion's total power supply, needs to be able to This is where the situation stands as of mum projections, to initiate construction of plan ahead not only to meet the Tennessee today: a House bill, with bi-partisan spon plants to meet power demands through fiscal Valley's needs, but to be ready to aid its sorship by 17 House members, supports a year 1978." neighbors who may be power-short. A major $5 billion ceiling; the Administration, on b. " ... a further reevaluation of future TVA generator in east Tennessee may have record for $3.5 billion ce111ng; the Senate, power demands and TVA's bonding author an effect on the voltage level of electric still unknown. ity will required in fiscal year 1973." service to an air conditioner in the offices of I certainly hope that TVA's key Congres This means that TVA will have to come the Budget Bureau in Washington, D.C., sional friends will hold firm for the $5 bil back in 1973-and some predictions are for where, incidentally, voltage was cut 5% this lion ceiling, in spite of the Administration's 1972-to obtain another increase in its bond month, well ahead of the summer peak recommendation for a much lower limit. ceiling. In less than three years, TVA will problems. Whether they will or not, only time will tell. have used up its bond authority, and will How far ahead should the nation's electric not be able to place orders for future generat systems plan for power supply? The Federal ing capacity-not until it again goes through Power Commission is now urging the nation's the slow process of obtaining Budget Bu electric utilities to plan ten years ahead on THE TEACHER I AM GOING TO BE reau and Congressional approval of added power supply. Even the $5 billion ceiling borrowing authority. on TVA's bonding authority would not per Even a $5 billion ceiling would mean that mit TVA to finance power expansion that far HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER in TVA must return five years or less for an ahead. OF MASSACHUSE'l"l'S increase in that ceiling. But if the Federal government through the What is the difference between the $3.5 Federal Power Commission is telling private IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES billion bond ceiling favored by the Adminis power to plan ten years ahead, how is it that Tuesday, June 16, 1970 tration, and the $5 billion ce111ng advocated the Budget Bureau is telling TVA to come by the 17 House members who introduced back in two or three years for more revenue Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. legislation on this subject? bond authority? Speaker, as a simple and beautiful ex- June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20059 pression of the relationship between a the loving spirit of humanity which still re the aircraft she urgently needs to defend teacher and a child it would be hard to mains somewhere in this world. We have a herself. Arranging for the immediate commitment to our children not to carry on surpass the essay by Miss Allyn Lord, of centuries of human mistakes, but rather to sale of Phantom and Skyhawk jets to Somerset, Mass., in my district, which open to them a new horizon, a new tomor Israel will also notify the Soviet Union she entitled "The Teacher I Am Going row, a new world, in which they can live that any further steps it takes toward To Be." Miss Lord wrote it for a contest and educate their children. bolstering Arab military strength can sponsored by Francis J. Kilgrew Chapter This is a lot to ask of us, of anyone. This only lead to stalemate and, in the long of the Future Teachers of America Club. is perfection, and man is not perfect. Per run, defeat for the Arabs. It is not surprising to me that it was haps this is dreailli.ng. But anything is pos The reasons we have for rallying to the a winner in the FTA national writing sible if you believe in it and want it badly aid of Israel at this time are perfectly enough. And I do. competition. clear. In the Middle East, Israel is the I want to congratulate Miss Lord for only democratic country that seeks the her truly eloquent words, and I am friendship of the United States. Israel pleased to insert her essay, which was ISRAEL has also proved a good friend to many reprinted in the Somerset Spectator, into African states, which are also our the RECORD at this point. The story friends, by extending to them economic follows: HON. ABNER J. MIKVA and military assistance. By helping Is "THE TEACHER I AM GOING To BE," WINS OF ILLINOIS rael in her hour of need, we insure the NATIONAL WRITING PRIZE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES continued existence of democratic gov A story originally submitted by Miss Allyn ernment in a far away, unstable part of Lord, daughter of Mrs. Robert E. Lord of 117 Tuesday, June 9, 1970 the world. The time to act on our princi Hemlock Street, Somerset, in a contest held Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker for those of ples is now. Israel must be permitted to by the Francis J. Kilgrew Chapter of the us who have stood by Israel since its purchase the jets she needs for her sur Future Teachers of America Club, in April creation in 1948, the result of the 6-day vival. is a winner in the FTA National Writing Competition. war between Israel and its neighboring Miss Lord's story was judged first by mem Arab States seemed to offer a promise of bers of the high school English Department, future peace in the Middle East. I hoped THE FINE HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL, Mrs. Marjorie Strickman and Miss Annie at that time that the Arab nations would FORT LAUDERDALE, FLA. Scanlon, and Mrs. Anna Danielson, FTA come to see the-futility of waging war sponsor, then entered in the national group against Israel. Unfortunately, events HON. JAMES G. FULTON competition. since the 1967 war have demonstrated It was judged to be of outstanding quality that the Arab leaders do not intend to OF PENNSYLVANIA containing excellence of thought and expres IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion and The Spectator is pleased to print negotiate with Israel. That the ability Miss Lord's story. of Arab leaders to negotiate is presently Tuesday, June 16, 1970 reaching an alltime low is proven by the THE TEACHER I AM GOING TO BE Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. escalation of hostilities along the Suez How long will the world have to wait before Speaker, it becomes a pleasure and a it has children who can think? How long will Canal, increased terrorist forays into privilege to meet people with high dedi it be before there is a generation that can Israel, and the uproar in Amman that cation and unusual qualifications and rationalize? How long can we exist with continues to threaten the throne of King interests. It is such a rewarding and thinkers in one category and doers in an Hussein. satisfying experience, that I am glad to other? We need to show our children the re The prelude to the 6-day war saw share my admiration for the good Sisters alities of life and the goodness of the human Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq cooperat soul; we must not, we cannot, indoctrinate of Mercy, the doctors, nurses, chaplain, them with categorized and meaningless .facts. ing toward the defeat of Israel. Since and staff of the Holy Cross Hospital in Must we command and control our chil then, the Government of Jordan has Fort Lauderdale, Fla. dren? Why can't we be listeners and advi claimed it does not desire to touch off During my recent stay in the intensive sors? Children have a remarkable talent for further conflict, while Lebanon has at care unit at Holy Cross Hospital in April learning when they don't even know they tempted to remain neutral. Nevertheless, of this year, I made wonderful progress are learning, perceiving when there seems to during the past 2 years, Arab guerrilla under the fine medical competence of be nothing to see, experiencing in the sim groups have grown in strength so much plest of situations. If we could only foster cardiologist, Dr. Joseph G. Kump and these natural abilities in them, we could that they now ba-se their attacks against his experienced consultant, Dr. Clifton C. guide them toward enlightenment and rea Israel mostly from Jordan and Lebanon. Leech. The good Sisters of Mercy, under son. It is by no means apparent that the mod Sister Innocent, as well as the nurses Is conventuality a must, or is it that in erate leaders of Jordan and Lebanon will and hospital staff, certainly added to the dividualism is dead? Perhaps a patterned, be able to halt the provocative assaults promptness and certainty of my steps to standardized, idealized world is good for our of AI Fateh and the Palestine Libera ward full recovery. children. But somehow it seems we are all tion Organization. But make no mistake different from each other, and we ought to During my time in Holy Cross Hospi teach and be taught with consideration for about it. Whatever instability ensues in tal, the Chaplain, Rev. Richard P. these differences. If we are processed, there side the moderate Arab States, the real Scherer, formerly priest from St. Anne's will be a mass of people, and nothing else. loser is Israel, for it is Israel who suffers Church of Castle Shannon, a suburb of Just people, all alike, with no inspiration, no the casualties and damage of the guer Pittsburgh in my congressional district, better goals, no future. Do we want this for lilla attacks. was everywhere encouraging the patients the children of tomorrow? President Nasser now commands a And aren't children people? And don't they and sisters and staff, and surprisingly deserve, and even more, have a right to, our more formidable array of forces than explaining his new and intense interest reaspect and admiration? We share our ever before. He meets with the generals in his learning to become a licensed air knowledge with other people, we speak freely of Libya and Sudan, the two most recent plane pilot. and openly with other people, we have faith joiners to the hostilities against Israel. Everybody in the hospital has been so in the abilities and talents of other people. Nasser relies upon Soviet surface-to-air interested in his progress, that I must Yet our children receive nothing more than missiles and Soviet pilots flying Soviet say we r retty much forgot our own prob a "big desk"-"little desk" pattern in our aircraft to protect Egypt's interior from lems in our watching his progress toward schools. We must create a give-and-take Israeli penetration. This frees the Egyp structure, an attitude of mutual understand his first solo flight, and our best wishes ing. We must strictly guide, and at the same tian Army and Air Force to concentrate supported by a few prayers for his safe time softly respect them. They must be an explosive amount of force along the ascent and ground return. thought of as smaller images of ourselves. Suez Canal. Indeed, Israeli casualties at The Fort Lauderdale News and Sun And, most important, we must not frighten the Canal have gone up tremendously Sentinel in its issue of Saturday, May 16, our children. We must not force them into in recent weeks. 1970, has wlitten a most interesting ar learning, nor force them out of it. We must We can and must do something to help them-help ever so gently-to under ticle on the duties and flying hobby of stand our world and its incongruities and its counter this rapidly growing threat to Reverend Scherer. I submit for the REc failures, and its misfortunes. And we must Israel's security. The best way to reestab ORD as a permanent memento for Father open their eyes--open them With love-and lish the balance of power between Israel Scherer in the hope a-nd expectation that show them the beauty and the wonder and and her enemies is to provide Israel with he will successfully complete his studies 20060 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 and become a fully licensed airplane SST PROGRAM and more widely felt by the citizens of pilot, as well as a dedicated priest, and the United States. heart warming Holy Cross Hospital HON. CHARLES H. WILSON The inserts follow: chaplain: GOVERNMENT FINANCES PRIVATELY BUILT SST OF CALIFORNIA PRIEST SKY PILOT FOR REAL (By Lyn Hayes) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES {By George Thomas) President Nixon, against the judgment of Each time Fr. Richard P. Scherer glides in Tuesday, June 16, 1970 some of his top advisors, has a-sked Congress "on a wing and a prayer" at Pompano Air Mr. CHARLES H. Wll.SON. Mr. for $290 million in 1971 for a supersonic port these days, he moves closer to realization Speaker, I rise today to again call for transport plane (SST) to help bolster U.S. of a lifelong dream. prestige. Principal beneficiaries of the proj For this full-time chaplain of Holy Cross the abandonment o'f the SST program. ect will be jet-setters and its prime con Hospital is only 10 hours away-10 flying The SST is an aircraft that will not only tractor, the Boeing Co. hours, that is--from a license that will make create great problems in the fields of In spite of criticisiUS-offered by several him a "sky pilot" (military slang for chap noise and air pollution but will also fail panels of the President's ad hoc SST Review lain) for real. to correct the problems for which it is Committee, Assistant Secretary of Labor When he receives it, he will have rounded being designed. I will not dwell here to Arnold Weber, presidential science advisor out the achievement--to a degree, at least- day on the issues of noise and air pollu Lee A. Dubridge, and the chairman of the of a trilogy of lifelong ambitions. Council on Environmental Quality, Russel "Since childhood," recalled the 45-year-old tion; many of my colleagues and I have Train-Nixon has requested money for the priest, "I've wanted to be a priest or a doctor dealt previously in detail with these SST project from Congress. The Transpor or a pilot. Now I'll be a little bit of all three." menaces to life. tation Subcommittee of the House Appro Although not a doctor in actuality, he ex The real problem with the SST pro priations Committee has recently heard tes plalned, he has found a good substitute in gram is that the goals it is supposed to timony and will vote in mid-May. Senate his two-year-old role of ministering daily to attain are in fact straw goals; that is, hearings are expected in June. the ill, and doctors consult with him fre the program was developed first and then Boeing is not the only corporation which quently in making difficult moral and other stands to gain from the development of an decisions in the care of patients. the goals were devised as strawmen to SST. General Electric with subcontracts, also It has only been since his arrival at Holy make the SST seem worthwhile. These courts the supersonic plane. The two com Cross in March, 1968, that this veteran parish goals; that is, conquering a massive tech panies have the opportunity to develop a priest has begun to get a leg up on the two nological and managerial challenge to be 1.5 billion dollar product for an outlay of "other" loves of his life. better able to tackle massive future tasks, only .2 billion. The rest of the money ( 1.3 Before then, he had confined himself for and reducing unemployment, will not be billion) will be furnished by the United 18 years to strictly parish chores in and States Government in the form of a gener furthered in the most efficient manner ous loan, which some econmnists say will around his native Pittsburgh, until a long by continued SST development and pro illness sent him south for warmer weather never be repaid. A prototype is presently on doctor's advice. duction. under construction. Ordained in 1949 at St. Vincent·s of La Mr. Speaker, why should the U.S. Gov Two politicians, staunch supporters of the trobe, Pa., Fr. Scherer is spending the first ernment fund a program which will SST, also have a special interest in seeing it two weeks of a three-week vacation in re eventually cost $1.3 billion in order to be grow to maturity. During Senate debate on treat at St. Paul's Monastery in Pittsburgh's better able to accomplish such massive SST funding last December, Senator William South Side. Proxmire told the Senate that "after going tasks in the future? Such actions would over this matter in some detail, I have con After another week spent at annual meet be analogous to landing a man on the ings of the Catholic Hospital Assn. and Na cluded that there are just two persuasive tional Assn. of Catholic Chaplains in Cin moon in order to be better able to con arguments for the SST. One of them is the cinnati, he will return here in time for his struct massive ft.ood control projects at distinguished senior senator from Washing 21st anniversary of priesthood June 12. home. On unemployment the answer is ton (Warren G. Magnuson) and the other Learning to fly has not been a breeze for the same. The Assistant Secretary of is the distinguished junior senator from this busy custodian of souls, whose normal Labor, Arnold Weber, has stated: Washington (Henry M. Jackson)." Boeing's working hours are 4:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. or 9 headquarters and main plant are in Seattle. The net employment increase from SST Magnuson is chairman of the Senate Com p.m., six days a week. production will be negligible. Being a middle-class fledgling has been merce Conunission and the Aviation Sub hard enough without having to cram all his Economic conversion studies and pro committee. Jackson heads the Interior Com flying time into his crowded Wednesdays off. mittee and is ranking member of the Armed grams would be a better endeavor to Services Committee. But after starting ln February, Scherer fund. managed to solo by March 25 and would Is it unusual for the government to foot probably have completed his requirement of Mr. Speaker, it occurs to me that the 85 percent of the bill for a multimillion 20 solo hours by now except for the vacation. only possible gain from such an ill dollar private project? Aviation Week, a highly respected technological publication ONE MORE FEATHER starred venture is a rise in the prestige of the United States. But here I must ask of the aviation and space industry, said in Flying will be one more feather, in the a recent editorial that, "The U.S. supersonic biretta o! a priest who has already become a again, is there not a better way to ~c transport program . . . is another effort to walking--and pedaling-institution in two complish this end? Aid to developing na develop a new type of government-industry short years here. tions, improved employment opportuni partnership to meet a national goal whose His day begins with early masses before 6 ties for all our people, and a speedy end technical complexity is far beyond the gov a.m., followed by room-to-room visits from to the destruction o'f thousands of lives ernment's capacity and whose financial the fifth (top) floor down. a year in Indochina would all serve to demands are far beyond the industry's With two-thirds of his ailing "flock" non enhance our national prestige much more capacity." Catholics, much of his work is non-sectarian Aviation Week concluded that this part and some only indirectly religious. than the ability to jet people from New nership between Boeing/ General Electric Morale-building in general is a major part York to London faster than many people and the government is "symptomatic of of his job. can drive from the office to their homes the new type of industry-government rela Often he is one of the first persons called during rush hour. tionships that are needed to cope with na to the scene when an ambulance arrives, Mr. Speaker, I am inserting an article tional probleiUS of increasing urgency and when a child panics in the face of surgery or that appeared in Environmental Action complexity." when a long-term patient takes a turn for What kinds of national problems is the the worse. into the RECORD which illustrates this SST directed to solve? It is for one thing, His table in the cafeteria, marked "re position well. Entitled, "Government Fi supposed to provide a shot in the arm to served," is always accessible to employees nances Privately Built SST," it deserves our tumbling national prestige. We are as who have something on their minds or just the utmost attention of all Members. sumed to be in some kind of race with want to ohat--and there are always employes There are far too many other programs other nations for an image of powerfulness who do. which deserve our all-too-limited funds. both · military, technological, and symbolic. A familiar hospital sight is the chaplain This argument is lucidly presented in a Russia is building an SST. Britain and riding a bicycle to work by the dawn's early recent column by James J. Kilpatrick France are collaborating on one. The int-er light, cassock streaming out behind him, and which appeared in the Los Angeles Times. national image of the United States would parking in the space marked "chaplain." suffer if we seemed to be falling behind. That such an individual would roam The time has come for the Congress of Similarly, we are driven to heed the cry among the clouds does not surprise his col the United States to end this waste once for technological "progress." Development of leagues and friends--even 1! he should some and for all and turn to problems that are a supersonic transport plane is considered to day attempt it without a plane. both more immediate in their concern be a serious technological challenge. The in- June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20061 dustry has argued that building an SST withdraw whenever economic pressure on SUPERSONIC BOONDOGGLE would be a lesson in technological and man the participating airlines makes overland (By James J. Kilpatrick) agement problem solving that could then supersonic flight necessary. The House of Representatives spent four be applied to other such problems of great Limitations of supersonic flights to trans hours a couple of weeks ago in one of its magnitude. Many critics have urged the in oceanic travel would still victimize thou better efforts at debate. The question ws.s dustries involved to direct their skills toward sands of people on the high seas. It is likely whether to appropriate an addi tiona! $290 solving social problems. The nation can re that any FAA promise not to fly superson mlllion toward development of the super tain its image of technological superiority by ically over the United States will be amended sonic transport plane. Arguments on both advancing in areas of public need. The De to permit flight over sparsely settled areas sides were reasoned, persuasive, and well-in partment of Transportation, in a news re the National Parks, the wilderness areas, formed; but in the end, the wrong side won. lease on the SST, shortsightedly insists that small towns, the countryside, and other areas On the most significant rollcall, the vote, "the SST is the logical next step if the United of retreat. in effect, was 176-162 in favor of going ahead. States is to maintain technological leader A second environmental objection to the Now the Senate will have its chance to call a ship and enjoy the economic benefits such SST concerns the unprecedented airport halt t-J this costly and self-defeating venture. leadership produces." noise which the SST would produce. Aviation The key questions fall into three areas. It is often asserted that development of Week has admitted that sideline noises dur Some of them have to do with the burden on the SST will strengthen the economy of the ing an SST takeoff (noise to the right and American taxpayers; others deal with the nation by providing jobs and improving the left of the takeoff path) would be about 2.5 kind of world we want to live in; still others balance of payments. Both arguments have times as severe as that for a Boeing 707 plane. go more narrowly to the plane itself and to been refuted. John Walgreen, an economist This prediction is conservative. Richard L. the practical problems of its profitable opera who assisted Robert McNamara in a review Garvin, a physicist who headed a panel of tion. In each of these areas, in my own view, of the SST program during the Johnson President Nixon's Science Advisory Commit the weight of the argument goes solidly administration, predicted that the govern tee, has said that the take-off of the SST will against the SST. ment will lose more than a. billion dollars sound like " 50 subsonic jets taking off simul It is an elementary proposition, though on the SST. He estimates that no more than taneously." Garwin, now with the IBM Wat some of the big spenders on Capitol Hill seem 139 SST's will be sold, while the Federal son Laboratories in New York, testified in never to perceive it, that the resources of Aviation Administration predicts that 500 late April before the House subcommittee the federal budget are not unlimited. The wlll be marketed. The Assistant Secretary of responsible for the first Congressional de paper surpluses once foreseen for this year Labor, Arnold Weber, contradicts the claim cision on the bill. have turned into real deficits. Demands upon that the SST will raise employment rates. Psychological ill-effects of noise are just the Congress-necessary and legitimate de "The net employment increase from SST becoming known. A leading authority on mands-keep rising all the time. If ever a production would likely be negligible. . .. prenatal noise effects, Dr. Lester W. Sontag, time were at hand for the sober reconsidera The project would have practically no em Director of the Fells Research Institute in tion of spending priorities, that time is now. ployment benefits for the disadvantaged, Yellow Springs, Ohio, has said that the SST's If a weighing of priorities were confined hard-core unemployed with low skill levels." aggravated airport noise and its sonic booms solely to transportation, leaving aside such Weber, as well as a study panel of the Presi could cause emotional upset in people who domestic problem areas as law and order, dent's own ad hoc SST review committee, have to hear them. Pregnant women sub pollution control and consumer protection, considered it likely that development of the jected to these noises could transmit the the $290 million could be spent in far better SST would have a negative effect on the bal emotional upset to foetuses through endo ways. The overriding need in transportation ance of payments. crine changes, Dr. Sontag said. Other studies is not to get a few travelers to Paris three These are the problems the SST is sup have focused on hearing loss caused by pro hcm·s sooner; it is to get millions of our posed to alleviate. What problems would the long exposure to severe noise. people in and out of our cities. SST create? Briefly, noise and dirt. The Administration is asking for $106 mil During House debate, proponents of the The most commonly acknowledged prob lion this year to control air pollution. They SST made much of the argument that lems is caused by sonic boom. The boom is a are asking for $290 million to build the SST, abandonment of the venture would result in shock wave produced when the plane travels which will contribute to air pollution. Last kissing $768 million goodbye. It is a formid so fast that the air in front of it does not year when he was Under Secretary of the able sum. But if the investment is foolish, have time enough to get out of the way in Interior, Russell Train, now Chairman of the it cannot be made wise by throwing good the normal manner. The boom is created as President's Council on Environmental Qual money after bad. soon as the pla-ne reaches the speed of sound ity, wrote, "I would add pollution resulting The taxpayers are being called on to put up and is continuous as long as the plane is fly from engine discharges as an additional sig 90% of development costs, now estimated at ing faster than the speed of sound. The nificant environmental problem." He ex $1.4 billion before production could begin "bang zone" is fifty miles wide, follows the plained that the SST operates inefficiently at eight years hence. If the taxpayers also have path of the plane and is experienced on the subsonic speeds, such as the speeds of takeoff to foot production costs--a grim likelihood ground as a loud explosion. and landing, resulting in a heavy discharge that sum easily could double before the The United States government carried out of pollutants into the atmosphere. purchasing airlines sold their first tickets. sonic boom tests in several United States The Panel on Environmental and Sociologi It is too much for a plane of such limited cities in the 1960's so discover how annoying cal Impact, part of President Nixon's ad hoc value, serving so small a segment of the pub residents found the booms and the extent SST Review Committee, reported that the lic. And the distorted priorities are only part of damage resulting from booms. Military widespread use of supersonic transports will of the picture. The SST promises to be the supersonic planes, which produced booms introduce large quantities of water vapor into noisiest aircraft ever flown. At supersonic only half as powerful as those SST planes the stratosphere. (Under a thriving SST pro speeds, it will lay down a destructive path of will produce, were flown. gram, "large quantities" mea.ns 150,000 tons sonic booms, 50 miles wide. Waiting for the Booms produced by routine Air Force per day.) The weight of water vapor released takeoff, it will create an ear-shattering racket training flights and exercises have caused is about 40 per cent greater than the weight that some experts have equated with the irrep8irable damage to ancient Indian cliff of fuel consumed. The panel suspects that sideline noise of 50 ordinary jets. dwellings, causing rock falls and cracks in the heavy water vapor would affect the bal This is progress? It is progress to the rear. the caves. ance and circulation of atmospheric com And this is the point the Senate will want According to the SST and Sonic Boom ponents. Unpredictable changes in climate most carefully to debate. If the SST repre Handbook, sonic booms have caused the fol are a likely result. sented a genuine breakthrough in kind, lowing kinds of damage: Exponential growth in population, Gross rather than merely an advancement in de Cracked and shattered glass windows; National Product, electrical power genera gree, probably we would have to go ahead. If Cracked plaster walls and dislodged loose tion, or, for that matter, air travel cannot this were a matter of steam against sail, or plaster; be long continued without sacrificing the locomotives as opposed to horses, or even Cracked masonry; quality of our environment. The long-range jets as opposed to propeller-driven aircraft, Cracked highly strained foundations of growth projections of the FAA which under the prospect of a genuine "new age might buildings that were situated on ground that pin the assumptions about the need for and compel a different decision. had undergone settlement; the market success of the SST cannot be None of this applies to the SST. The plane Cracked various kinds Of brittle objets reconciled with life styles which place quality offers greater speed. That is all. No other d 'art and fragile antiques; of environment and of human life above pos advantage is claimed. It will not be as com Jiggled and vibrated shelves, causing session and use of material resources. fortable as the new 747s now entering the dishes, tumblers, and vases to move sideways The SST is a prime example of a mis international market. The SST will cost more and fall on the floor and break; allocation of resources, of priorities gone to begin with; it will carry fewer passengers Set off burglar alarms; and wrong. Its proponents claim that it is neces for shorter distances; it will demand favored Triggered rock slides and avalanches. sary for the prestige of the United States. treatment in traffic patterns wherever it is The Federal Aviation Administration has Not only is it not necessary for this purpose, permitted to land. proposed a regulation that would ban super but the prestige of this country will be well No wonder the airline industry itself is sonic flight over the continental United served if the SST is not built. There will be lukewarm! No rush has developed to place States. The danger to people would thus be prestige enough if we become the first in firm orders for the Anglo-French Concorde. reduced. However, FAA spokesmen have ad dustrial country to come to terms with its The 122 reported "reservations" for the SST mitted that the regulation will be easy to environment. are highly tentative, and the prospect actu- 20062 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 ally of selling 500 of these planes, at $60 In the diamond-studded seabed off South also endorsed and enlarged on a 1968 UN million each, is pie in the sky. west Africa., the production of gem-quality resolution for giving control of 90 percent One day, perhaps, when technology con stones already exceeds $4 million a year. A of the seabed to an international governing quers sideline noise and sonic boom, the single offshore claim contains an estimated body. Roy.a.Ities collected by the body would SST's hour may come. Seeing a profit, the 10 million carats in diamonds, averaging half be used for "international community pur industry will ante up its own capital and a carat but running as high as eight carats. poses, particularly for economic assistance build the plane. But that hour is not yet. It Gold deposits have been detected on an to developing countries." is rather time to spend what public funds we cient beaches submerged in the Arctic Ocean Previous UN moves in this direction had can afford in solving a few problems here on off Nome, Alaska. Platinum is sluiced into the already resulted in sharp lines being drawn earth. Caribbean by northwestern Colombia's At between the Communist and non-Commu rata River. nist countries and, as a further fragmenta Manganese nodules are widely dist ributed, tion, between the haves and have-not na THE UNO AND ITS TAX-FREE usually at greater depths. Rough estimates tions. BOOSTERS of total deposits run to 10 trillion tons. This The only meaningful point of agreement summer, a Virginia company plans to start is that an international zone does exist- dredging up the nodules and extracting com somewhere out there. But the range of opin HON. JOHN R. RARICK mercially not only the manganese but the ion about the boundaries between national lesser contents of iron, silicon, nickel, copper and international undersea territories has OF LOUISIANA and cobalt. made it impossible to agree on the zone's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In shallow waters off the United Stat-es, size, shape and location. Tuesday, June 16, 1970 Peru, Chile, Mexico and South Africa, phos Half a dozen countries already have the phate deposits are extensive. Two deposits technology to carry their claims well past Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, with the one southeast of Charleston, S.C., and the the 200-meter depth limit. Even before these Center for the Study of Democratic In other off Southern California-reportedly countries have planted their flags beyond stitutions of Santa Barbara and the contain up to two billion tons each. The that point, some nations with no hope of tonnage of each is equivalent to the Florida matching them technologically-notably United Auto Workers Union using their land deposit which has supplied 70 percent Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Chile--have either vast tax-free financial wealth in an in of the U.S. phosphate requirements and 30 staked out or indicated that they will claim ternational education program to aid and percent of world production. unreasonably broad ocean territories to pro abet survival of the United Nations Or Most advanced of all ocean enterprises is tect them from encroachment. ganization the workers and taxpayers of the exploitation of oil and gas. Offshore drill Under the double thrust of technological Amelica should know the true establish ing already accounts for one-sixth of the and legalistic claim-staking, more and more ment that blights our land. world's total oil production. The yearly value of the ocean floor faces nationalization. Ul exceeds $4 billion, including more than $1.5 timately, the undersea frontier claim of one Several pertinent newsclippings fol billion from U.S. offshore operations. nation would meet that of another-Japan low: But the advance in technology opens the and the U.S. in the Pacific, for instance, or [From the Baton Rouge, (La.) Sunday Ad door to a new dimension in economic im Brazil and the Congo in the Atlantic. In vocate, June 14, 1970] perialism-the carving up Of the ocean floor time, expanding territorial claims would LSU LAW PROF WILL ATTEND SEABED MEET among countries strong enough to grab and squeeze any international zone out of exist hold it. Ever more dangerous to international ence. There would be nothing left to exploit H. Gary Knight, assistant professor of peace is the prospect of undersea confronta "for the benefit of mankind." law at LSU, has been invited to attend an tions stemming from claim-jumping con "The United States would have nothing international meeting related to seabed re flicts raised to inter-governmental propor to fear in such a. wide-open race," says one sources June 28-July 3 on the island of tions. American delegate to the UN Seabed Com Malta. The United Nations has previously stepped mittee. "But it is not in anybody's best in The convocation, called "Pacem In Marl in to head off a sea-bottom scramble rivaling terest. It isn't the way to attack a global bus," and sponsored by the Center for the Europe's 18th and 19th-century race for problem." . Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa empires in Africa. and Asia. The urgency of This brings up the second major barrier Barbara, Calif., will analyze the technical the move results from the growing awareness to a seabed treaty: The nature and powers of questions of demilitarization of the seabed that technology is outracing the laws of the the regime that will govern in this under and topsoil beyond the limits of present na sea. Most of the trouble arises over definition water domain-in effect, the world's largest tional jurisdiction. of sovereign seas. "nation.'' Also to be discussed at the international The U.S. and about 30 other nations stick The Soviet Union wants an international meeting are the questions of demilitariza to the traditional three-mile limit. But 15 administering agency that would do nothing tion of the seabed and an international others claim four to 10-Inile limits, and about more than record claims registered by the regulatory scheme for the fisheries industry. 40 insist on 12 miles. At least 11 governments exploiting nations. There would be no rules To be attended by representatives from stake out 1lshing rights or territorial juris governing the claimants' eligibility ... no more than 40 nations, the convocation was diction as far out as 200 miles. time limit on claims . . . no supervision of conceived by Mrs. Elizabeth Mann Borgese, The 200-milers include countries on the operations. daughter of the Nobel Prize-winning German west Coast of South America Their claims One group of nations--the third World author, Thomas Mann. Mrs. Borgese will are at the root of the "tuna war" that has led bloc-insists on an international agency to serve as project director for the convocation. to gunboat incidents and strained diplomatic completely govern exploitation and prOduc LSU's Professor Knight has taught and ties between Washington and Peru and Ecua tion of seabed resources. Such a regime done research on marine resources law for dor. would itself exploit, refine and market these the past two years, not only as a member of resources, even imposing price controls Ostensibly to safeguard threatened beaver where necessary. the LSU Law School faculty but as a par and seal colonies, the Soviet Union has ticipant in LSU's National Science Founda banned "fishing and any work, including The U.S. argues that operations should be tion-sponsored Sea Grant Development Pro the setting up of navigation signs" within carried out by state or private enterprises gram. The Sea Grant Program is supporting under an international administrative 30 miles of the Komandorski Islands, near agency. Says Dr. Vincent E. McKelvey, an Knight's participation in the Malta convoca the Americans Aleutians. At the same time, tion. American delegate to the UN Seabed Com the Russians have announced new restric mittee: "Far better than forcing the in Knight is the author of several articles on tions on salmon, sturgeon and herring fish marine resources law, and has prepared the ternational community to take such risks ing in Far Eastern waters--already a. zone of is to put it into position where it allows the :first materials in this field available for law conflict because of Soviet seizure of "intrud risks to be ta~en by others and benefits itself school instruction. He is also active in ef ing" Japanese fishing vessels. forts to create a management svstem for from their success, where it is achieved. Such Since World War II, the continental shelf a position would be advantageous to the de the nation's coastal zone. has become a region of growing exploitation veloping and the developed countries alike." and international conflict. Geologically, the From that basic position, the U.S. has pro (From the New Orleans States-Item, shelf is an underwater extension of the con posed guidelines for the projected deep-sea June 8, 1970] tinents. Its width ranges from a few miles agency. The U.S. envisions registry of claims PEACE ENDANGERED BY EXCrriNG RACE FOR up to 800 miles from shore, and its outer fortified by criteria, including: SEABED RICHES depth varies from about 150 to about 1500 Procedures to verify compliance with op feet. A 1958 international convention in erational standards. (By Ted Morello) effect gives a nation title to anything that Ma.chinery for settling disputes. President Nixon's recent call for an in it can reach and exploit on the shelf or in Provisions for liability for damages caused ternational seabed treaty has focused atten adjacent deeper waters. by exploitation. tion on the race to harvest riches from the On May 23 President Nixon proposed a Provisions for protecting freedom of the ocean floor. treaty in which nations would continue to seas, living resources and scientific research. The economic stakes in the race are enor control most of the immediate continental Rules governing commercial exploration mous, as the first tentative probing with shelf, but renounce claims beyond the depth and exploitation, including such matters as today's technology has shown. of 200 meters (about 650 feet). The President types of resources, multiple uses of the sea- June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20063 bed and the waters above it and the size and unifying those nations which have com disintegration? If so, how can the solidity duration of claims. patible goals. In order to help fill that of the Atlantic platform be reconstructed Conservation and anti-pollution safe void, a substantial number of Members and the solidarity of its peoples be re-estab guards. lished, even in. altogether new forms, which Eligibility and performance requirements of Congress-111 at present-have en may be better adapted to the changing for claim holders. dorsed either specifically or in princi times? ple the formation of a viable Atlantic This is too complex a matter, involving [From the Baton Rouge (La.) State-Times, union. To date, however, national inter many variables and irrational elements, and June 15, 1970] ests have dominated the attention of blurred by spurious information and con GREATER TREND TO CITY LIVING Is PREDICTED most Western nations. trasting interests, to afford simple and im BY U.N. PLANNER In the first of a series of articles, mediate answers. A positive response to these UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.-A U.N. planning ex Aurelio Peccei, the vice chairman of questions, and to many other intricate is pert predicted today that more than half Olivetti, outlines some of the principles sues which have paramount importance for the world's population will be living in cities our future, depends, anyhow, on the right and objectives of an Atlantic strategy. approach to them. by the end of this century, and he said it to may be a good thing. I commend this article my colleagues As we are now about to enter and explore But the consultant, Richard May Jr., said and urge that they consider the need the unknown territory where solutions lie, the only way to cope with continuing urban for an Atlantic union, and the desirabil I want to state we must pay more attention population growth is with carefully planned ity of beginning such efforts in the to how we chart our way into this new new cities that would accominodate about immediate future. Mr. Peccei's article territory, rather than stumble on a good so one million people each. Some 2,100 such follows: lution or two. It is a cardinal point in all population centers will be needed by the my reasoning that it is immensely more THE CHASM AHEAD: AN URGENT CALL FROM important to determine the intellectual and end of the century, he said. EUROPE FOR ATLANTIC UNION Miay, the consultant for the U.N. Center oTganizational processes by which correctly for Housing, Building and Planning, offered (By Aurelio Peccei) to set objectives, define strategies, reach de his predictions and prescriptions in a paper We are proud to begin here, by special cisions and act on them, than concentrate written for a symposium starting at the permission of the author and publisher, an on the solution of any individual problem United Nations headquarters today. The exclusive series of articles condensed from a or problems. symposium, concerning "The Impact of Ur book that combines, as few do, dire wa.rning This represents an entirely new approach banization of Man's Environment," is spon with constructive way out--Dr. Aurelio with respect to our present compartmented sored jointly by the world organization and Peccei's The Chasm Ahead (Macmillan, N.Y., vision of what needs doing. Better said, this the United Auto Workers Union . . $7.50). We explain on page 1 why we recom is one of the guidelines to the New Approach May said that right now, "no developed mend it heartily to all our readers. Now a which I think is indispensable if we are going country has a higher number of specifically word about the author, and this series. First, to organize a balanced and stable solution to planned cities than the Soviet Union." In the to pronounce his name: Pey-chay comes the complex of problems confronting us. United States, he said, "continued urban close, with the accent on the last syllable. As these problems become bigger, more in sprawl is regarded as inevitable, and only a Dr. Peccei was born in 1908 in Turin-a tricate, more numerous and more inter fr·action of new urban residents will be ac worthy birthplace for one who would unite locked, the question of method in attack commodated in new towns." the Atlantic nations, for Cavour, a leader in ing them becomes essential, lest we get lost What would it be like to live in one of the uniting the Italian states in the mid 19th in their dangerous maze, and formulate "new cities" foreseen by the U.N. planner? century, was born in Turin in 1810. Dr. wrongly the questions that matter, or ad There would be no "degrading effects on Peccei gained that "Dr." in economics at the dress ourselves to solve the wrong problems. its occupants and on the natural resources University of Turin. He has been with the The New Approach will exact from us an of the territory it occupies," Miay said. He city's famed automotive company, Fiat, unusual effort that will be conceptual and added that the location of work and leisure since 1930, and is now on its Executive Com philosophical before it is political and op facilities would be carefully laid out to "offer mittee, with special responsibilities in world erational, and it will demand greater ex the maximum of human convenience, com affairs. s:nce 1957 he has head Italoconsult, pertise than the more intuitive, rule-of fort, pleasure and peace of mind, with mini an international consulting and engineering thumb and experience-based ways by which mum congestion, health hazards and other firm specializing in development projects in solutions were sought heretofore. disturbing influences." Africa, Asia and Latin America. In 1964 he It also involves a much broader under Advances in communication systems and became Managing Director, or chief execu standing than currently exists of the rev electronics, he said, "may make it possible tive, of the Olivetti typewriter company, olutionary changes occurring in the world for much of the work to be carried out which took over a famous American com and the new relationships between man, so within the immediate residential environ petitor, now known as Olivetti Underwood. ciety and environment at this turning point ment of the people or even in their homes." We begin with the first half of chapter 3 of history. It likewise requires that the issues May said one necessary evil in the daily of his book, with the title given below. Later we are interested in resolving be placed in a life of today's city, habitual use of the pri we shall turn to the impressive case he much broader context where not only their vate automobile, would be virtually elim_ makes earlier that the technological gap be inherent sequential cause-and-effect rela inated. "Through the rational organization tween America and Europe threatens to be tions, but also the major interactions with all and planning of cities," he explained, "we come a chasm disastrous to both. We hope other relevant issues may be identified and can reduce considerably the need for me to give enough taste of various parts of his considered. chanical transportation and facilitate the stimulating volume to lead you to get the Our approach is so fraught with nearly in use of mass transportation." book (we have it) and read all its 282 pages. credible contradictions and topsy-turviness And that, he said, would make "daily use We have added all bold face emphasis. that it cannot lead to any stable solution. of the priv! their own eco tion and recognition to the second, and like black, one white-separate and unequal." nomic strength, their capacity to govern wise fundamental, principle, based on the The commissioners said that "only a com themselves, and even the present and future plain reality that in t211s era neither govern mitment to national action on an unprece shape of their mutual relationships-because ment nor industry nor any single nation, dented scale can shape a future compatible the day they realize that the gap between not even a whole continent, can go it alone, with the historic ideals of American society." them has become a chasm, and a threat to without sacrificing optimum opportunities Columnist Joseph Alsop (International all, may be just one day too late to invoke and even jeopardizing minimal plans. Under Herald Tribune, March 20, 1968) commented the Atlantic spirit and solidarity. the present international circumstances, this with anguish that the report "is nothing When the present is already critical and principle could, in the beginning, be most more· nor less than an official portrait of the the future looks bleaker, as are our present usefully employed within the Atlantic American-dream-turning-into-nightmare." straits, recourse has to be had to both the sphere. This grave problem, smack in the center techniques of crisis management and crea In fact, effective Atlantic interdependence of United States cities, is a cause of con tive planning-provided, however, that the is now more than ever a primary necessity sternation, not only for America and her former by no means displaces the latter. In tor all our nations. friends and admirers, but also for those who, keeping with this severe rule I will now It is as simple as that. Yet even this prin though not friendly, have enough salt in mention, as part and parcel of suggested ciple is ignored to the extent of acting con their head to understand that, if the United forward strategy for the Atlantic nations, trary to historical trends. In this time of in States is locked with her domestic problems, three guiding principles that in my view ternecine debate and dissent, it is worth the chances of redressing the alarming situa reconcile the needs of immediate action with remembering that the record of the nations tions that prevail throughout the world will the exigencies of policy planning. They are touched by the waves of the Atlantic has for become very dim indeed. And by the side, it built around the simple and often heralded, more than two centuries been one of cross provides proof that yesterday's improvidence but seldom applied, concepts of priority. fertilizing interdependence at peace and in spells trouble for today, and that the world interdependence, and leadershi p. war. Through their exchange of goods, tech- is such an interlocking system that a domes- June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20065
tic problem here may have international r~ paign to show that the United States cannot feet it may be initially. They have to accept, percussions everywhere. fill a super-role in world affairs. Time and at the same time, that the United States can Take another example: The military-in again he has entered the arena in his mas not decide the choices or conduct large-scale· dustrial complex. General Eisenhower's his terful way, warning the American and also action without the support and participation toric and incisive warning in his last presi his uncommonly vast European public that of others, starting with Europe. dential speech of January 1961 brought up there is a very definite and already trans This change of direction will probably an issue which bas been amply debated gressed limit to the commitments the United mean for the United States a slowing down since: "This conjunction of an immense States can make and fulfill in the world. in the advance in Research and Development military establishment and a large arms in Choices must be made, priorities defined. investment in some sectors, wbile boosting dustry is new in the American experience. Among his innumerable articles, I remember it in others, accepting second place in some The total infiuence--€conomic, political, reading in Newsweek (August 1, 1966) that advanced technology or strategic fields, and even spiritual-is felt in every city, in every "the United States, for all its wealth and relying, in a word, more on a policy of trans state house, every office of federal govern military power and for all of the ideological atlantic specialization, mutuality of inter ment. We recognize the imperative need for pretensions ... is quite unable to be the ests and joint planning ahead, than going this development. Yet we must not fail to world's policeman and to conduct a global it alone. It may be a difficult choice to make, comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, crusade for its way of life and its favorite and it may entail some risks. But it will resources, and livelihood are all involved: so doctrines." open wider horizons to this nation, a.nd offer is the very structure of our society." "The unsolved problem, obvious for a very it greater options. Obviously, a multibillion-dollar effort con long time, which the people intuitively un Not least, it will establish with Europe that centrated in one single direction bas an un derstand or seem to understand, is the prob indispensable dialogue, real and creative, not balancing effect, even for the strongest econ lem of priority. It is true that the United only perfunctory, as now--on objectives and omy and nation. I was impressed by some States can spend more money on the cities strategies concerning the great world issues: comments on this, among others those made and on Vietnam this year than last year, East-West relations, international socioeco by Seymour Melman in his Our Depleted So but it is not true that it can deal effectively nomic development, the consequences of the ciety; I cannot refrain from brooding over with the war in Vietnam, the problem of the· technological revolution, etc. Even a joint ef the universal significance of some passages. cities, the flight to the moon, the health, fort to control and contain the causes of Let me cite two: education and welfare of all the people, the the gap will be a first, invaluable dividend. "We can try to visualize the present power new class war between the rich nations and If the United States will adopt the prin of the U.S. strategic nuclear stockpile in an the poor nations, pork-barrel appropriations ciples of priorities and interdependence, I other way. Suppose a Hiroshima-size bomb for all states a.nd cities, veterans' aid, foreign have no doubt that she would change the had been exploded every day of every year aid, debt, education and the balance of pay focus of her policy back from the Pacific for the last 1,965 years, or since the birth of ments--all these things at the same time." again to the Atlantic. Even assuming that Christ. The combined force of all of these Alas, the question of priority is still very the greatest challenges facing the West for explosions would be just over 14,000 mega muddled, as developments in 1967 and 1968 the rest of the century are those of restrain tons; this is only 70 percent of the destruc show, with the financial and manpower re ing China and maneuvering her peacefully tive capa.blity now encased in the U.S. long sources of tbis nation overstretched, and its into the international community-the tim range bombers and missiles alone. immense capacity to tackle large problems ing and strategy have been wrong, with the "On the assumption of 90 percent attrition severely tested by the proliferating tentacles United States engaged in these issues now of aircraft and 75 percent attrition of stra of too many issues attacked at the same time. and practically alone. Not only does the locus tegic missiles, the resulting overkill factor Even the immense power of the United of her vital interests lie in the Atlantic would be about 220 times on the main pop States should not be overestimated. After all, European area, but also, how much better it ulation-industrial centers of the USSR. If the possibility of putting it to good use is is for the United States to wait a few years, the assumption of attrition were 50 percent, limited, unless it is redirected and rede and prepare to deal with the Chinese issues the overkill rate would be more than 1,000 ployed. A substantial change of direction in from a much stronger position. times." its utilization at home and abroad would Such a position can be built only around I fully realize that this is the shield under multiply manifoldly its usefulness to all a strongly fastened and united Atlantic plat which Western Europe and many other peo practical purposes. form. The obvious strategy is to give priority ples also have progressed and prospered. The issue is blurred chiefly because, in to the Atlantic platform and seek interde Moreover, this frightening investment of our r>J.inds, the strategy of security has com pendence with Europe first, and then move wealth and talent for destruction is the mir pletely overshadowed what may be called the jointly on to do the things that the United ror image and replica of a similar, though strategy of development. For example, it is States alone can never hope to accomplish more secretive, mad effort in the Soviet Un commonly held that a situation of unipo with respect to global problems. ion-which does not justify either of them larity exists now because the time of two Such as attracting the Soviet Union as a on human and moral grounds. But what is superpowers is gone, and the United states partner in the study of plans to stabilize and important for our matter-of-fact reasoning is has emerged as the only real global power, develop the great land areas in Asia and else the assessment of this effort in the more gen having greatly outpaced a.nd outclassed the where (rather than rejecting her as a natural eral framework of national (and Atlantic, Soviet Union in techno-scientific, economic, or potential enemy), and engaging her po international), interests: a security effort and military potential, and creative capacity. tential to cooperate in realizing constructive which, according to Ralph E. Lapp, the out But this conception connotes a yardstick of long-term policies of worldwide scope (in spoken physicist and author, has cost this power, which measures nearly exclusively stead of dissipating, on both sides, enormous country in the postwar years an investment negative values of deterrence and retaliation. resources in the vain pursuit of overkill su of one trillion dollars and the emergence ot What people want, besides security, are premacy). what he calls the "weapon culture" and constructive policies, positive steps toward a The opposite policies, now being followed, "weapon ego" (The Weapon Culture, 1968). better living sta.ndard, a more wholesome have thrown the Atlantic camp into disarray. Clearly, an effort of this magnitude cannot quality of life. To attain these other objec If the present trend continues, it seems in be conjured up without a strong impact on tives, the formidable United States security evitia.ble that the more the United States gets the allocation of national resources, both oriented potential is of little use-for the single-handedly and inextricably involved in material a.nd intellectual-and society's out simple reason tha.t it was conceived to suit the Far East, the greater the attraction West look on man and life. a different set of requirements and priorities. ern Europe will feel toward Eastern Europe Is this the best way to attain the purported Not only does the whole question of do and the Urals. Or the greater the doubts will goals? Has their priority been duly assessed? mestic and international priorities need a become whether it is a paying proposition for What is the cost-effectiveness of this in thorough reassessment; the principle of it to resist the lures and threats that the vestment for the United States (or for that Atlantic interdependence must be reaffirmed Soviet Union may be tempted to make with matter, for the Soviet Union), and bow does and redefined right in this country. It has a view to dividing and controlling it. it stand In total-value comparison, includ undertaken a fearsome complex of world Already this quite negative polarization ing social values, with other alternative in wide obligations and commitments; and of American and European interests away vestments? even if henceforth it uses restraint, they will from the Atlantic core, though fortunately Would its revision provoke, as one feels, a -remain a formidable lot. Furthermore, let still partial, is at the root of a good deal of major change in politics and allocations? me repeat, many high-priority problems disharmony and estrangement between It is not up to me, or for this book, to an nowadays surpass the capacity of any na them. Should the United States be entangled swer these questions, but I know that these tion, even the United States, and demand in Southeast Asia for a long time to come, distortions go beyond the economy's limit of strategies and policies that she cannot con the harm done to the Atlantic relationship elasticity, and their redressing will cause ceive and execute alone. could become irreparable. There is little painful crises over a very long time. It now behooves the great and generous doubt that, in such a case, Europe would Two highly authoritative comments place American people to come to the mature rec practically turn its back on the Atlantic, the problem of priorities in a global perspec ognition tha.t we cannot, of course, shirk and that the bridges to the East which tive, the appropriate framework for the lead global responsibilities and their relative bur President Johnson has advocated would ac ing nation of the Atlantic community and dens, but that the only way of facing them tually be built by Europe alone. They would the world. without courting disaster is to arrange all carry considerable mercantile, cultural Walter Lippmann has, for some years, con these demands, domestic and foreign, in a traffic. ducted an inspiring and most educative ca.m- coordinated over-all plan, however imper- In sum, the different issues--from tech- CXVI--1265-Part 15 20066 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1970 nology to Vietnam-are in fact interlocked. Finance working capital requirements of tions now serving the interests of these com The problems of technological disparity be community development corporations. munities," he said. tween the United States and Europe cannot Repay deposits to poverty area banks above "The incentive unit will focus particu be resolved, any more than many other prob the $20,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. larly on identifying institutions which are lems, except by a long-term over-all strategy limit. unresponsive to the needs of low-income jointly conceived and jointly undertaken by Repay capital notes issued by poverty area communities and identifying new incentives t he Atlantic nations. This joint strategy does banks. to make t hem more successful." not necessarily have to follow the official for Offer a guarantee on standby loans issued m ation of an Atlantic community of sorts; by a bank to a community-owned shopping indeed, it may precede it and help in eventu center for initial equity and funds for start ally giving life to it. up expenses. STATUTE EXTENDING VOTE TO 18- The first task is to impress on public opin If these and other elements of the pro ion and political circles that, short of this gram prove successful, the OEO hopes to seek TO 20-YEAR-OLDS CONSTITU combination of priority and interdependence legislation to make them permanent, he said. TIONAL policies between America and Europe, most In discussing the Opportunity Funding of the measures otherwise devised to reduce Corp., a non-profit corporation which the the technological gap, or solve the other OEO has formed to conduct its minority ac HON. WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY grave problems they have in common, tivities, Mr. Taylor, a former vice president OF MAINE though temporarily or sectorally promising, in the trust department of the Harris Trust IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would be but palliatives; and the Atlantic & Savings Bank, Chicago, observed that ex and world situation would continue to perience suggests that financial institutions Tuesday, June 16, 1970 worsen. have been reluctant to undertake low-income Mr. HATHAWAY. Mr. Speaker, I Finally, if the perspective of an impending investment because of the high risks and and inevitable Atlantic community is cre would like to address myself for a few lack of incentive. moments to what many of us in the Con ated in people's minds, not only will the In an OEO report Mr. Taylor made avail problem of the gap look less abrasive to able to the press, it noted that one of the gress consider an excellent opportunity European pride, and lose some of the ugly principal characteristics of low-income com for bringing young Americans into the thorns it now has for all, but many new munities is the absence of a sufficient finan mainstream of the democratic electoral undreamed-of channels will spontaneously cial base to generate increased economic process. We in the House are expected open for the free circulation of technology activity. to consider this issue late this week or within this promised, unified community "The inability to form capital and bid for area. early next, when we begin debate on the credit acts as a block on development," said important measure to extend the Voting the report. Rights Act of 1965. The issue, of course, OEO TRIES NEW PILOT PLAN FOR "In the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, New York, an area with a popula is the proposal to enact a proposed Fed LOW-INCOME AREAS tion exceeding the entire city of Cincinnati, eral statute reducing the minimum voting there are only two small banking units. There age to 18 in Federal, State, and local HON. J. WILLIAM STANTON are many communities in Chicago each hous elections. The proposal was approved by ing tens of thousands of people where there OF OHIO the Senate in March as an amendment to is no commercial banking institution what the Voting Rights Act extension. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES soever. Mr. Speaker, I share the concern of Tuesday, June 16, 1970 "Under these conditions, capital and savings do not form. Where conventional many Americans that some young people Mr. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, the Office credit sources are absent, low-income con have apparently lost faith in the orderly of Economic Opportunity is proposing a sumers and entrepreneurs must rely on loan elective process of change, claiming that new demonstration program to test new sharks and high risk credit merchants," the it is too slow to meet changing national approaches to stimulating economic de OEO survey maintained. conditions and needs. And we are aware velopment in low-income areas. "The Opportunity Funding Corp. has three that many others lose interest in the po units, explained Mr. Taylor, who substituted litical process during the 3 or 4 years be The program consists of an Oppor for Mr. Rumsfeld, who cancelled because of tunity Funding Corporation, with three a special Cabinet meeting in Washington. tween high school, when their interest components: opportunity guarantee; The first unit, the opportunity guarantee peaks, and the day they become 21. The community development discount; and component, will strive to remove the "risk threats to which the future political par incentive stimulator. aversion" of banks and other institutions in ticipation of both these groups is subject The purpose of the project is to give committing capital and credit to the poor. can be overcome, in my opinion, by the financial institutions more incentive to "It will operate in situations involving 18-year-old vote statute. channel funds into law-income commu comparatively high risk and only in cases I realize that there are some in our where comparable guarantee arrangements nities. are not available from existing Federal, state number who, while they generally agree The May 20, 1970, issue of the Ameri or private sources. with the need to extend the franchise to can Banker describes this interesting and "The purpose is to determine whether ·risk 18-year-olds, think that either independ unusual program in some detail, and I of loss on credit, bonding and insurance in ent action by each of the States or a would like to place this article into the low-income areas can be kept within toler constitutional amendment, in which the RECORD at this point: able limits." Congress and at least three-fourths of OEO TRIES PILOT PLAN FOR LOW-INCOME A second unit, community development the States participate, is necessary. AREAS, ILLINOIS BANKERS TOLD discount component, will be a small central discount facility "intended to demonstrate I would only point out that the Su (By James Rubenstein) the feasibility of a mechanism to purchase preme Com·t has consistently upheld the PEORIA, ILL.-The Office of Economic Op SBA- and EDA-backed obligations and other congressional ·responsibility for protect portunity has launched an experimental commercial paper generated by enterprises ing the voting rights of qualified Ameri funding program to give banks more incen in low-income communities." can citizens. What we are attempting tive to channel funds into low-income com It will repackage, guarantee and resell to say, by extending these rights to a munities, a top OEO official told Illinois these obligations as securities to private in greater number of Americans by statute, bankers here Tuesday. vestors, he said. is that 18-, 19-, and 20-year-olds, who, The program called: "Opportunity Fund "It is intended to test whether a discount ing. An Economic Development Demonstra facility can increase liquidity and lending partly because of increased education tion," is aimed at generating increased eco capacity of financial institutions serving and the corresponding increase in the nomic activity among financial institutions low-income areas. A successful demonstra quality of their judgment, are consid and supplements the agency's existing eco tion of the community development dis ered qualified to work, raise families, pay nomic development projects in minority, ru count unit could lead to legislation creating taxes, and go to war, should also be ral and urban areas explained Alfred H. Tay such a facility on a permanent nation-wide considered qualified to vote. lor, Jr., executive director of the planning basis," he explained. It should be additionally noted that and review committee of the OEO, to the The third element of the program, incen the proposal poses no threat to the elec 79th annual convention of the Illinois Bank tive simulator component will field-test vari toral process. The Senate-passed meas ers Association. ous new financial inducements including Mr. Taylor is assistant to Donald Rums simulated tax incentives. ure contains a provision that would as field, OEO director. "The unit will devise ways of applying sure Supreme Court review of the 18- Under the pilot program, the OEO will offer these incentives in assisting community year-old vote before the statute's Janu participating banks four loan and deposit development corporations, low-income credit ary 1, 1971, effective date. Under the guarantees which will: units and other public and private institu- proposal, the Attorney General would June 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20067 be empowered to institute actions against opinion tha.t the voting age may constitu judgment as to the necessity for any such state or political subdivisions, or, con tionally be reduced by statute. We also be imposition on state interests. lieve that such a reduction Is desirable. "It was well within congressional authority versely, a State could call for an injunc We strongly urge approval of the entire to say that this need of the Puerto Rican tion against enforcement of the provi Voting Rights Act in the form now before minority for the vote warranted federal in sion. the House, for the reasons stated in our trusion upon any state interests served by the The proposal would also give U.S. dis previous report supplemented by the reasons English literacy requirement. It was for trict courts jurisdiction of such proceed stated below. Congress, as the branch that made this judg ings, and would provide for both an ex * ment, to assess and weigh the various con pedited trial before a special three-judge The issue of eighteen year old voting has fiicting considerations.... It is not for us to court, and an expedited appeal directly had a long history in our country. Serious review the congressional resolution of these efforts to lower the voting age were made factors. It is enough that we be able to per to the Supreme Court. following the Civil War and during World ceive a basis upon which the Congress might Mr. Speaker, the overwhelming major War I, World War II and the Korean Crisis. resolve the conflict as it did." 3 ity of today's youth has shown a great These proposals, however, met with little Given the Court's statements that Section desire to constructively inftuence the legislative success.2 4 (c) "may be viewed" as designed to secure course of national events-we have only The arguments now being made on this equal protection and that it was satisfied to recall the recent intensive and most Issue are also not new. Having re-examined merely with being able to "perceive a basis" impressive youth lobbying effort here on these arguments in the context of present upon which Congress might reach its con Capitol Hill for evidence of this desire. day America, we believe that there is no clusion, it is clear that Congress possesses I think we owe our young people the compelling reason for continuing the dis far-reaching authority to adopt legislation franchisement of eighteen year olds. A prin based upon the Fourteenth Amendment. If a chance to prove they mean what they ciple of our society is that government rests congressional enactment prohibits state ac say. on the consent of the governed, as expressed tion which is arguably discriminatory, the At this point, I would like to include in through the medium of voting. Mass par Morgan decision offers constitutional support the RECORD a brief prepared by the Com ticipation in voting is essential to represent for the congressional prohibition. mittee on Federal Legislation of the As the will of all the people, and the enfran It is proper that Congress be given such sociation of the Bar of the City of New chisement of most major groups is needed broad discretion in enforcing the guarantees York, entitled "Statutory Reduction of in order to legitimate government in the of the Fourteenth Amendment. It is partic the Voting Age." The New York City eyes of each group. When we consider the ularly important that Congress, as the se increased educational level and political ma lected representatives of the people, be em association has been long recognized as turity of the nation's youth and the civil powered to determine when state voting one of the top legal associations in the and military responsibilities which they are laws fall short of the standards of the equal country, and its committee on Federal expected to assume at age eighteen, we can protection clause. legislation has produced a great number only conclude that they should also be af We have no doubt that there is ample basis of well-reasoned studies on a variety of forded access to the ballot box. for a congressional determination that states issues which have concerned us here in We cannot close our eyes to the daily news unfairly discriminate against persons be the Capitol. The following product of reports which attest to the disaffection and tween eighteen and twenty-one when they the committee's labor is up to its usual frustration of today's youth and their desire deny those persons the right to vote. The high quality: to be involved in the political processes of fact that eighteen year olds assume so many our government. It is all the more important of the responsibilities of older citizens (not THE ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR OF THE CITY OF in these times of unrest in our country that the least of which is their obligation to serve NEW YORK-STATUTORY REDUCTION OF THE this major segment of our population have In the armed services) offers sufficient justi VOTING AGE the opportunity to express itself in the or fication for a congressional judgment that (By the Committee on Federal Legislation) derly and peaceful processes of elections for it is unreasonable to deprive them of the In February 1970, this Association issued legislators and executives. We are not im essential right to vote. a report which considered the proposed ex pressed with the arguments that the reduc Furthermore, young people today are high tension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and tion of the voting age will weaken majority ly capable of making intel~igent voting de the Administration's alternative, urging that rule and have undesirable effects on our cisions. Today•s youth have attained edu the trigger clause and prior clearance pro party system and governmental structure. In cational levels and political maturity and visions of the Voting Rights Act be extended this regard, we are reminded of similar views awareness not manifested by the eighteen for an additional five-year period.1 We op which were expressed in the period before year olds of earlier generations. For example, posed those provisions of the Administra elimination of property restrictions on the 79 % of persons between eighteen and twenty tion's bill which would eliminate the re right to vote and again before extension of one today are high school graduates, while quirement of prior clea.rance for voting law the franchise to women and to black citi only 17% of persons in the same age bracket changes in jurisdictions with a history of zens. These reforms served to strengthen our in 1920 had graduated high school. While discrimination and which would have the system. We expect the same result If the 47% of today's eighteen year olds attend Attorney General send voting examiners franchise is extended to eighteen year olds. college, only 18% were in college in 1920.i throughout the nation, rather than concen * * Statistics such as these support a congres trate them in jurisdictions which had been Turning to the constitutional question, we sional finding that voting age requirements identified by the Act's trigger clause. We find sufficient support for a statutory reduc established almost 200 years ago are now endorsed as desirable voter reforms the Ad tion of the voting age in Congress' authority outmoded. ministration bill's proposed nationwide ban to enact "appropriate legislation" to enforce Although the position that Congress may on literacy tests and national residency the provisions of the Fourteenth Amend reduce the voting age by statute has received standards for presidential elections. ment. This authority, contained in Section 5 the support of respected constitutional au In March 1970, the Senate adopted a sub of the Fourteenth Amendment, has been thorities,5 other noted scholars contend that stitute for the Administration bill which broadly construed by the Supreme Court in a lower voting age may be implemented sole would: extend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 recent decisions, most notably in Katzen ly by means of a constitutional amendment. for an additional five-year period; prescribe bach v. Morgan, 384 U.S. 641 (1966). In that Six Yale Law School professors recently chal national residency standards for voting in case, the Court upheld the constitutionality lenged the constitutional basis for a statu presidential elections; impose a nationwide of Section 4(a) of the Voting Rights Act of tory voting age reduction, questioning the suspension on literacy tests; and modify the 1963, whose principal effect was to prohibit breadth of the Supreme Court's decision in trigger clause to apply to jurisdictions in New York State's English literacy require Katzenbach v. Morgan and pointing to the which less than 50 % of the voting age popu ment for voters. The Supreme Court's posi provisions of Section 2 of the Fourteenth lation were registered for or voted in the tion was that Congress cSENATE-Wednesday, June 17, 1970 The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was the Journal of the proceedings of Tues The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill called to order by Hon. JAMES B. ALLEN, a day, June 16, 1970, be "dispensed with. will be stated by title. Senator from the State of Alabama. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem The ASSISTANT LEGISLATIVE CLERK. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. H.R. 16731, to amend the provisions of L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following title ill of the Federal Civil Defense Act prayer: of 1950, as amended. ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Let the words of our mouths and the ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS meditations of our hearts, be acceptable objection to the present consideration of in Thy sight, 0 Lord, our strength and Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask the bill? our redeemer .-Psalms 19: 14. unanimous consent that, at the conclu There being no objection, the Senate Grant, 0 Lord, that our speech this day sion of the remarks of the distinguished proceeded to consider the bill, which was may arise from hearts in tune with Thy Senator from Ohio, there be a period for ordered to be engrossed for a third read spirit. By prayer and meditation may the transaction of routine morning busi ing, was read the third time, and passed. our lives glow with a divine radiance and ness with a time limitation of 3 min our actions be in harmony with Thy will. utes on statements. When the evening comes may we have the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. TOURS OF DUTY IN HOSTILE divine approbation of the ancient words, RIBICOFF). Without objection, it is SO FIRE AREAS "Well done, good and faithful servant." ordered. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask In Thy holy name we pray. Amen. unanimous consent that the Senate pro ORDER OF BUSINESS ceed to the consideration of Calendar No. 936, H.R. 16298. DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill DENT PRO TEMPORE RmrcoFF). Under the previous order, the will be stated by title. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk distinguished Senator from Ohio is now The ASSISTANT LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A will please read a communication to the recognized for not to exceed 30 minutes. bill (H.R. 16298) to amend section 703 Senate from the President pro tempore Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will (b) of title 10, United States Code, to (Mr. RUSSELL) . the Senator from Ohio yield to me with extend the authority granting a special The assistant legislative clerk read the out losing his right to the floor or any 30-day leave for members of the uni following letter: of the time allocated to him? formed services who voluntarily extend U.S. SENATE, Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. I am happy to their tours of duty in hostile fire areas. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, yield to the Senator from Montana. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Washington, D.C., June 17, 1970. objection to the consideration of the bill? To the Senate: There being no objection, the Senate Being temporarily absent from the Senate, I appoint Hon. JAMES B. ALLEN, a Senator ADJUSTMENT OF OUTSTANDING proceeded to consider the bill. !rom the State of Alabama, to perform the CURRENCY Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I duties of the Chair during my absence. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask send to the desk an amendment and ask RICHARD B. RUSSELL, unanimous consent that the Senate pro that it be stated. President pro tempore. ceed to the consideration of Calendar The PRESIDING OFFICER. Tha Mr. ALLEN thereupon took the chair No. 9"30, S. 3825. amendment will be stated. as Acting President pro tempore. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill The ASSISTANT LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On will be stated by title. line 5, strike the numeral "1971" and The ASSISTANT LEGISLATIVE CLERK. S. insert "1972." MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT 3825, to authorize further adjustments The PRESIDING OFFICER. The APPROVAL OF BILLS in the amount of silver certificates out question is on agreeing to the amend standing, and for other purposes. ment of the Senator from Montana. Messages in writing from the President The amendment was agreed to. of the United States were communicated The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, as to the Senate by Mr. Leonard, one of his objection to the present consideration of an explanation, at the request of the secretaries, and he announced that on the bill? distinguished chairman of the Arined June 15, 1970, the President had ap There being no objection, the bill was Services Committee, after the compan proved and signed the following acts: considered, ordered to be engrossed for ion Senate bill was passed the other day, S. 614. An act for the relief of Franz Charles a third reading, was read the third time, it was reconsidered because there was Feldmeier; and and passed, as follows: a difference in the date. We waited for S. 1786. An act for the relief of James Harry s. 3825 Martin. the House bill to come over. The dates Be it enacted by the Senate and House of are now in accord and the pending bill Representatives of the United States of Amer has been cleared on both sides. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED ica in Conuress assembled, That the first sec The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques tion of the Act of June 24, 1967 (31 U.S.C. tion is on engrossment of the amend As in executive session, the Acting 405a-2), is amended by inserting a comma President pro tempore (Mr. ALLEN) laid and the words "Federal Reserve bank notes, ment and the third reading of the bill. before the Senate messages from the and national bank notes" immediately after The amendment was ordered to be President of the United States submit "silver certificates" wherever the term ap engrossed and the bill to be read a third ting sundry nominations, which were pears and by striking out " (not exceeding time. referred to the Committee on Armed $200,000,000 in a~gregate face value)". The bill
