VOLUME 31 JULY/AUGUST 2003 NUMBER 6
ASA General Election Results: Duster Elected ASA Briefs Congress on Policy Role of ASA President; Persell Elected Vice President Racial and Ethnic Data In time for ASA’s upcoming 100th birthday in 2005, the organization’s first by Susan Halebsky Dimock, ments that race is increasingly irrelevant, web-based election ushers in the centennial-year leadership ASA 2003 Congressional Fellow race remains central to understanding many social processes. “So long as race is WASHINGTON, DC, JUNE 13—ASA con- Silva, Texas A&M University; Nan Lin, In Congress, information is essential, being used to decide access to jobs, … ducted its first election ever that allowed Duke University; Diane Vaughan, Boston but the time a congressional staffer has to education, health care, housing, mortgage members to vote online via the Internet College; and Min Zhou, University of track down information is very limited. loans, and as long as race is being used as this spring. At the time of ASA’s birth in California-Los Angeles. Also elected were One key way staff acquire knowledge, a stratifying practice, independent of its 1905, electricity was just beginning to two members to the Committee on especially on the House side, is by ‘genetic, biological reality,’ its social make inroads into American life, and now Publications, six to the Committee on attending briefings. The ASA, along with outcomes are what is of transparent a century later, electronic voting has Nominations, and six to the Committee the California Institute for Federal Policy interest to social scientists, policymakers, become de rigueur at ASA, with more on Committees. Research, the Council of Professional and, ultimately, to social justice concerns. than half of the voters taking advantage In announcing the results of the Associations on Federal Statistics, and the That is, even if we can show that at the of this new option. Returning paper election, Secretary Arne L. Kalleberg and Population Resource Center, held an DNA level we are all alike 99.99 percent, if ballots via postal mail still remained an Executive Officer Sally T. Hillsman unusually well-attended briefing on the actors in a society routinely use a social option. extended heartiest congratulations to the importance of collecting racial and ethnic category [of race] to exclude or include, In this latest election, Troy Duster, newly elected officers and committee data. The briefing was held in part to then it is that which is the source of New York University, was elected to members, and thanks to all who have publicize ASA’s official statement on race sustained empirical investigation and serve as the 96th President of the served the Association by running for (The Importance of Collecting American Sociological Association (ASA) office and by voting in this election. Data and Doing Social and will be in office as President during Scientific Research on Race) ASA’s centennial year. Caroline Hodges Member Resolution on U.S.-led War and was especially relevant Persell, also at New York University, has in Iraq Passed in light of the California ballot measure, the Racial been elected Vice President. Duster and A member resolution opposing the Persell will assume their respective offices Privacy Initiative, [see war in Iraq was also included on the Public Forum, p. 7] that in August of 2004, following a year of ballot. Two thirds of the members who service as President-Elect and Vice would prohibit state and cast a vote on the member-generated local governments from President-Elect. Duster and the 2005 resolution voted in support of the classifying current or Program Committee are responsible for resolution calling for the Association to prospective students, shaping the ASA Annual Meeting, which take a position favoring an immediate contractors, or employees will be held in Philadelphia, August 13-16, end to the war against Iraq. The resolu- by race, ethnicity, color or Congressional briefing speakers (left to right) Troy Duster, Jerry 2005. tion emphasized that this position does national origin. [For more Franklin Wilson, William H. Sewell- Sanders, and Brian Smedley listen to ASA Executive Officer Sally not in any way reflect support for the information about the Hillsman introduce panel presider former Representative Tom Sawyer. Bascom Professor at the University of Hussein dictatorship but rather a view briefing, visit Wisconsin-Madison, was elected Secre- that such involvement could create more www.asanet.org/public/ tary-Elect. Wilson will serve one year as problems than solutions. This resolution racebrief2.html.] about which [scientists and policymakers] Secretary-Elect with current Secretary was placed on the ASA annual election need to be mindful.” Arne Kalleberg, before beginning a three- Social vs. Genetic Reality ballot before the conclusion of major Health Disparities Become Transparent year term as ASA Secretary in 2004. Troy Duster, Professor of Sociology at The four newly elected Council New York University, began the discus- Following Duster, Brian Smedley, Members-at-Large are: Eduardo Bonilla- See Elections, page 6 sion and succinctly stated the essence of Study Director of the Institute of ASA’s official statement on race, saying Medicine’s report Unequal Treatment: that despite biological scientists’ argu- 2003 Annual Meeting . . . The Question of Culture See Congress, page 6 A Field Study Tour of the City of Atlanta Last in a series of six articles highlighting the sociological Si Goode Remembered context of ASA’s Annual Meeting location . . . Atlanta by Lenore J. Weitzman, George Mason University by Isa Williams and Brenda Hoke, Semester and Urban Sociology courses Agnes Scott College know first hand the reality of the “Atlanta William Josiah Goode, former President Paradox” and the ways in which commu- of the American Sociological Association (ASA) Atlanta offers a sharply contrasting mosaic: nity representatives are currently and Emeritus Professor of Sociology at The poverty of its public housing projects engaged in leadership to challenge Stanford University, died unexpectedly on May versus the sprawling riches of its suburbs; traditional gender, race, and class 4, 2003. He was best known for his pioneering the mansions in Buckhead versus the weath- arrangements that serve to systematically cross-cultural analysis of marriage and divorce ered wooden row houses in Cabbagetown; the advantage one group over another glistening office towers and glitzy shopping in (Williams, 2002). Each semester, our and for his theoretical work on social control Midtown and Lenox Square versus the aban- students equipped with feminist and systems of prestige, force, and love. doned stores on the Southside; the grocery carts sociological theories/methods participate A man with an enormous range of interests filled with aluminum cans versus the BMW’s in field study tours of Atlanta that are not and expertise, Goode published 20 books and filled with gray-suited executives; suburban reflective of the rich and famous nor are more than 80 articles. His most influential jobs that go wanting versus a city black poverty the sites reflective of the grand marketing book, World Revolution and Family Patterns rate of 35 percent. (Sjoquist, 2000:1) plan that boosts Atlanta’s image as the (1963) was the most cited work on the family “Black Mecca” of the “new south.” for three decades. Drawing on his knowledge In her essay, “Out of the Academy of nine languages, he analyzed materials from and into the Street,” bell hooks (1994a: Entry: April 28th more than 50 countries worldwide, for the previous century, to trace the emergence of distinctive family patterns with industrializa- 193) describes the “segregation and While a typical tour begins with sites institutionalization of the…theorizing central to the civil rights movement in the tion. His other major books include Religion Among the Primitives (1951), Methods in Social process in the academy, with the privileg- “city too busy to hate” (Bayor, 1996:30), Research (with Paul Hatt, 1952), After Divorce (1956), The Celebration of Heroes (on prestige, ing of written…theory/thought over oral we thought it quite ironic that our initial 1978), The Family (1982), and World Changes in Divorce Patterns (1993). narratives.” hooks also states, “the meeting to discuss a preliminary draft of William J. Goode, known as Si, was often referred to as a “Renaissance man”: he was production of…theory is complex and this article occurred on Confederate an accomplished mycologist, sailor, scuba diver, painter, tennis player and gourmet cook. usually emerges from engagement with Memorial Day (April 28). So we decided His culinary skills were the subject of a full page article in the New York Times and en- collective sources.” (Williams, 2002:209-10) to begin the first segment of this field shrined in a book of Craig Claiborne’s Favorites; he won Nastar medals in downhill Consistent with hooks’ admonition study tour with Civil War and “old south” skiing, and USTA tennis (into his 80’s); one of his paintings graced the cover of a book; and that we move “out of the academy and his articles on mycological nomenclature and bird watching were published by naturalists. into the street,” students in our Atlanta See Atlanta, page 6 See Goode, page 7
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2 JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES
In This Issue . . . The Executive Officer’s Column Sociologists and IRBs Sadly, to some, the combination of sociologists and Institu- tional Review Boards (IRBs) are fighting words and to others, an oxymoron. To the National Research Council’s (NRC) Panel on Institutional Review Boards, Surveys and Social Science, chaired by sociologist Cora B. Marrett, however, they are a “challenge...how best to encourage IRBs to use the flexibility in the [federal] regulations appropriately for different types of Taking Human Subjects research methods, topics, and study populations.” The prepublication report of this panel (Protecting Participants Seriously and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, 2003; see AAHRPP conducts certification of www.nap.edu) is a thoughtful, useful, and hopeful document, emphasizing the benefits to behavioral and social scientists of cross-fertilizing knowledge 3 human subjects protection program and practice among social scientists, biomedical researchers, and IRB members. Focusing with sensitivity to behavioral and on the problems of typical research that sociologists and other social scientists do (rather than high-risk research), the report presses for IRBs to use the flexibilities in review social science. procedures already available in the federal regulations. This flexibility exists with regard to securing informed consent and maintaining data/subject confidentiality in minimal risk studies in order to facilitate social science research as well as protect its subjects. The report offers recommendations for what OHRP (the federal Office for Human National Science Research Protections) should do to encourage IRBs not to “over interpret” the regula- tions at a time when universities and other research institutions tend to react defensively Foundation Grants for to high-profile stories in the press. These recommendations are not lifeless; they will feed into and support on-going movement in this area. ASA, for example, has been working Sociology diligently with others to provide OHRP with working papers on topics vital to social 4 science research so it can provide informed guidance documents to IRBs and researchers. Science Foundation awarded $5.6 The National Science Foundation and OBSSR (the Office of Behavioral and Social Science million in 2002. Research at the National Institutes of Health) are also focused on the development of such guidance at the federal level. Expedited Review, Approved Protocols But more is needed. The NRC report also makes recommendations to IRBs about the need to increase efficiency by making greater use of procedures in social science research New AAAS/ASA Media such as expedited review and approved research protocols that “allow researchers flexibility to make specific decisions during the course of their research without the need Fellow to seek further review.” Helping IRBs learn to do this better is one goal of the Social and 4 Vinita Mehta selected as 2003 fellow Behavioral Sciences Working Group on Human Research Protections (see www.aera.net/ humansubjects/). This group is chaired by Felice J. Levine, former ASA Executive Officer, for NBC. and includes ASA members Christine Bachrach, Virginia Cain, Robert Hauser, Karen Hegtvedt, and myself. The group is holding an IRB Best Practices Workshop in July to develop a guide and resource tools for IRBs, researchers, and regulators. Still more is needed. The end user researcher needs to get engaged in Sociologists Receive improving human subjects review processes. There are personal strategies Fulbrights for this (e.g., becoming more familiar 5 Twenty-one sociologists join elite with the processes and their flexibilities by partici- pating in the human subjects protection training at ranks of Fulbright winners. the ASA Annual Meeting in Atlanta). There are also departmental strategies (e.g., encouraging curricu- lum development for all sociology courses that includes training about research ethics and regulation; developing procedures for instructor- and department-level review of course-based research that involves human participants but falls short of needing IRB Award Winners review). Eight sociologists receive ASA’s 2003 Accreditation major awards for teaching, And there are university-wide strategies that can be used to leverage improvements in the efficiency of the human subjects review process that are vital to the social sciences. 5 publications, scholarship, and For example, universities can seek formal accreditation of their policies, procedures, and achievement. IRBs. The Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRPP), for example, uses a voluntary, peer-driven, educational model in human research protections review, recognizing that IRBs cannot be the sole vehicle for ensuring consistent research protections and that all in the university research community share a stake in the safety of human subjects and an interest in facilitating research. (See article on AAHRPP on p. 3 of this issue of Footnotes.) Tributes to Si Goode AAHRPP leads a widely respected, nation-wide, voluntary accreditation program that Former colleagues and friends engages individual researchers from all disciplines, departments, schools, and IRBs in a 8 serious self-examination of an institution’s entire review process. Led by psychologist and reminisce about Goode. epidemiologist Marjorie Speers, AAHRPP was launched by the Consortium of Social Science Associations (COSSA) and seven other member societies in 2001. Behavioral and social scientists sit on its board and participate in the site visit phase of the accreditation process. In helping to found AAHRPP, COSSA, of which ASA is a founding member, insisted on an accreditation mechanism deliberately sensitive to and knowledgeable Call for Nominations for about social science research. The accreditation process also had to encompass clinical research—in order to ensure it was attractive to large universities with medical schools— ASA Offices and the accreditation approach had to be educational and collegial. As Speers points out, “The behavior of IRBs is driven by...federal regulations...written 16 from a clinical perspective...[and by] suspensions of major research programs between 1991 and 2001...[that have made IRBs and their institutions] adverse to risk.” The potential strength of this accreditation process for social science research lies in AAHRPP’s assis- tance and guidance in helping a university engage in an inclusive and exhaustive self- review of its existing processes from the bottom up—from end user to the IRB to the Office of General Counsel. AAHRPP is beginning to develop experience doing what the NRC report calls for— Our Regular Features ”cross-fertilization” at the operational level—by engaging social scientists and the clinical sciences in an in-depth examination of an institution’s human subjects review processes. Public Forum ...... 7 Speers believes, with some early AAHRPP experience as support, that this type of Departments ...... 11 accreditation process will encourage development of more streamlined and appropriate mechanisms in universities that reflect a level of protection commensurate with the level Obituaries ...... 13 and nature of the risks involved. If successful, formal accreditation may reduce the tendency of universities and IRBs toward “hyper compliance.” This is hopeful news for social scientists. —Sally T. Hillsman, Executive Officer ❑ JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES 3 AAHRPP Is Taking Accreditation Seriously Human Subjects Are Essential by Johanna Ebner, PUBLIC AFFAIRS UPDATE Public Information Office “Human research partici- With its ethical standards and prin- pants are critical to ✔ Does analysis of personal data strengthen national security? The debate ciples now established and its institutional the research continues and in a recent oversight hearing by the House Subcommittee on accreditation process finalized, the Associa- performed by Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations, and the Cen- tion for the Accreditation of Human Research scientists and sus, presided over by Congressman Adam Putnam (R-FL), members and Protection Programs (AAHRPP) held its first scholars in the witnesses discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the potential gov- Council of Accreditation in April of this year diverse range of the ernment access to factual analysis databases. This was a continuation of an and accredited its first institutions in May. social and early May Subcommittee hearing, which heard from the Total Information AAHRPP, incorporated in April 2001, is a behavioral science,” Awareness Program and the Transportation Security Administration’s nonprofit organization that provides the said Howard Silver, Marjorie Speers CAPPS II program, an airline passenger prescreening process. With recent means for research institutions voluntarily to COSSA Executive advances in technology and database exploration, federal agencies are ea- become accredited in human research Officer, in COSSA’s ger to turn to factual data to assist in national security. The current debate protections. Statement on AHRPP. “Protecting partici- centers on how much access to personal data should the government be AAHRPP was spawned by the conse- pants’ welfare and dignity should be the allowed and whether this access infringes on individuals’ civil liberties. quences for universities and research institu- primary concern of scientists and scholars. tions, including for social and behavioral More importantly, protections must be The expert panel of witnesses on the topics of privacy, confidentiality, and scientists, of increased public and political appropriate for risks associated with different personal freedom included Paul Rosenzweig, Senior Legal Research Fellow pressure for scrutiny of basic research that types of research…AAHRPP’s accreditation at the Heritage Foundation; Barry Steinhardt, Technology and Liberty Pro- uses humans in research. AAHRPP seeks to will help to serve the interests of all research gram Director at the American Civil Liberties Union; and John Cohen, Presi- do more than ensure compliance. Its plan is to participants because AAHRPP has sought the dent and CEO of PSCom LLC, Inc. Rosenzweig stressed that it was Congress’s help institutions reach performance standards input and views of scientists and scholars duty to act as the independent reviewer of programs such as CAPPS II, and that surpass the stated goals of state and from all disciplines in setting its standards.” that it is possible to protect civil liberties and public safety. Steinhardt ques- federal requirements, but by using approaches In a recent interview with Footnotes, Speers tioned whether such databases have the potential to be enlarged inappro- that are “user friendly” to social and behav- said, “The standards and principles used by priately to other areas of society. He also discussed the cost, fairness, and ioral scientists. AAHRPP were designed to be applicable to confidentiality. Cohen communicated the need for enforcing a bottom-up AAHRPP ensures that the interests and research universities, medical schools, program when dealing with law enforcement. For more information, see needs of the social sciences are reflected in government agencies, contract agencies, or reform.house.gov/TIPRC/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=609. efforts to set or change standards. The anyone doing research involving human ✔ Consortium of Social Science Associations participants. The standards are applicable to New Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) announced . . . . The Office of (COSSA) is a founding member, and its any and all types of research—behavioral, law, Management and Budget (OMB) announced the designation and defini- involvement helps ensure AAHRPP’s history, business, medical.” tions of the new Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in early June. There representation of the social sciences in were 49 new MSAs, bringing the total number to 370. OMB also announced Milestone standards setting. Three members of the revised definitions of the existing MSAs and designated and defined two Board of Directors were nominated by AAHRPP reached a milestone in its new sets of statistical areas: Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Combined COSSA. In addition, the organization development when it announced on May 1, Statistical Areas. The lists represent the product of OMB’s once-a-decade incorporates the social sciences through its that it awarded its first Full AAHRPP (since the 1950 Census) comprehensive review of statistical area standards cadre of site visitors. Accreditation to the following organizations: and definitions. The definition of these statistical areas reflects the technical The University of Iowa-Iowa City and the Commitment to All Fields application of OMB’s Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Western Institutional Review Board in Statistical Areas. MSAs are defined as having at least one urbanized area of AAHRPP has maintained a commitment Olympia, Washington. In June Speers 50,000 or more population, whereas Micropolitan areas have at least one to all fields of research. This accreditation announced in a meeting at ASA headquarters urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 population. The areas principle goes beyond the clinical sciences, that AAHRPP had just awarded full accredi- are defined according to whole counties. The OMB maintains these defini- according to AAHRPP Executive Director tation to the New England Institutional tions solely for statistical purposes. This classification is intended to pro- Marjorie Speers. “What I believe is the Review Board. vide nationally consistent definitions for collecting, tabulating, and pub- difference in the principles and standards “We congratulate these organizations in lishing federal statistics for a set of geographic areas and not for the purpose reaching this important milestone,” said used in human research accreditation is how of allocating government funds. These definitions, and their changes over one interprets them,” said Speers. “The ethical Speers. “They sought AAHRPP accreditation time, have significance for social science research. (The new metropolitan principles for conducting research remain the because it is the right thing to do. These same.” organizations demonstrated, both through the areas and further definitions can be found at www.whitehouse.gov/omb/. Speers, who has experience in the behav- self-assessment and site visit processes, that Go to “Bulletins” under “Information for Agencies.”) The Council of Profes- ioral and social sciences and a PhD in that they take their ethical commitments very sional Associations on Federal Statistics will host a one-day seminar on psychology and epidemiology, believes that it seriously, and that participant protection is November 4, 2003, in Alexandria, VA, to assess the impact of the new areas is important for social scientists to constantly one of their top priorities.” on research and on the public and private sectors (see www.copafs.org). be aware of the need for accreditation. There Because AAHRPP was formed at the ✔ Sociological science posters on Capitol Hill . . . . As a member of the initiative of the research community, this needs to be more discussion within the social Coalition for National Science Funding (CNSF), the American Sociological sciences she noted, as she pointed out that community demonstrated its willingness to Association hosted Douglas Massey (University of Pennsylvania) and there are about 3,000 institutions across the take human research seriously, said Speers. United States in need of accreditation. “What makes it superior is that it is a Guillermina Jasso (New York University) at the annual CNSF Exhibition & voluntary accreditation and not government Reception poster session in June. Jasso and Massey presented their NSF- First Step run. Being voluntary shows a commitment to sponsored research, “New Immigrant Survey,” at the event. Sociologist The first part of the process towards self-regulation by research institutions to Mansoor Moaddel (Eastern Michigan University) also presented his research, accreditation involves a thorough self- maintain as high standards as possible.” “The Worldviews of Islamic Publics: Democracy, Women, Religion, and the assessment. The university or research Being non-governmental ensures the West.” The CNSF Exhibition/Reception is held on Capitol Hill and features institution is given support and guidance in highest confidentiality permitted on discuss- about 30 research projects supported by grants from the National Science conducting its own examination of how its ing human research practices, which builds Foundation (NSF). This year’s event was very successful, attracting nearly current processes work (and fail to) from the public trust. In addition to improving research 300 people, including several congresspersons and their staff, congressional bottom up. This self-assessment includes an quality, the dedication and high standards committee staff, and other top government officials, (e.g., the director of the examination of when and how universities and applied to the research institutions by NSF, White House science advisor’s staff), who discussed the researchers’ their Institutional Review Boards (IRB) use AAHRPP reassures research participants of work. CNSF (comprised of approximately 80 science organizations) each available mechanisms to efficiently process their well-being. The accreditation process is year advocates for increased funding for NSF from Congress to support the minimal risk studies that characterize social peer-driven and includes an internal and sciences and engineering as well as related education. CNSF is primarily science research. The Association then uses a external assessment in order to identify organizations in the life, physical, and social, and behavioral sciences. Two site-visit model employing a rigorous set of deficiencies. congressmen, the NSF director and deputy director, House Science Commit- performance standards and outcome “We help organizations interpret the tee staff, a veteran Science magazine reporter, and numerous other notables measures. A team of site visitors chosen by federal regulations and give them recommen- talked at length with the sociologists. For the complete listing of posters see: AAHRPP initially evaluates each organiza- dations. For example, if an organization does www.cnsfweb.org/program03.pdf. tion. A site visit team submits a report of its not use ‘exemption’ we encourage them to do findings to the Council on Accreditation. so,” said Speers. “We have done a lot with ✔ New NSF initiative in the social and behavioral sciences . . . . In order to Many of the site visitors are researchers; half informed consent. We help institutions know increase scientific understanding of human and social functioning and keep of the researchers are clinical and half are when to waive the right to informed consent.” pace with advances in other fields, NSF’s Social, Behavioral, and Economic behavioral and social scientists. They review AAHRPP’s vision is to be recognized Sciences Directorate (SBE) is launching a new priority area, intended to applications and reports, and make determi- nationally and internationally as an organiza- begin in Fiscal Year 2004 and continue for five years. The Human and Social nations regarding accreditation. The Council is tion that improves the protections of research Dynamics (HSD) priority area aims to: Develop and apply multi-scaled, chosen by the Board of Directors and consists participants and facilitates all types of multi-disciplinary approaches to better understand the causes and ramifi- of experienced site visitors. research. They strive to be the program of cations of change; increase collective ability to anticipate the complex conse- AAHRPP is the creation of seven nonprofit choice for all organizations seeking accredita- quences of change; better understand the dynamics of human behavior and founding member organizations representing tion of their human research protection the human mind; increase understanding of the cognitive and social struc- the leadership of universities; medical schools; programs. Through its unbiased and confiden- tures that create and define change; and help people and organizations teaching hospitals; biomedical, behavioral, tial accreditation process, AAHRPP is better manage profound or rapid change. For a complete list of the goals and and social scientists; and patient and disease committed to continual improvement of its priorities visit www.nsf.gov and for NSF’s complete explanation of the new advocacy organizations. The founding own programs and the programs of accredited organizations developed the principles and organizations. AAHRPP accreditation is valid area, see www.nsf.gov/home/sbe/. HSD has not been guaranteed funding standards behind AAHRPP, put together the for three years. Accredited organizations for FY2004. In order to increase the likelihood that HSD receives the $24.5 finances, formed the board of directors, and submit annual reports to the Association on million requested, the research community needs to actively demonstrate its developed the organization’s mission and the status of their human research protection support for the new priority area. One measure of support will be the interest philosophy. programs. To become accredited through expressed by the community in applying for research funding from this AAHRPP or to become a site visitor, visit special program. www.aahrpp.org. ❑ 4 JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES
NSF Awards Nearly $5.6 Million Mehta Selected as 2003 ASA/AAAS for Sociology Media Fellow The Sociology Program at the the Office of International Science and by Johanna Ebner, can share and use National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering, $38,461. Public Information Office your knowledge. I announces its awards for basic research Lawson, Victoria, and Lucy Jarosz, am certain I’ll learn support (45 total) and dissertation University of Washington, “Interpreting The American Sociological Associa- a lot and hope to improvement (47 total), totaling Geographies of Poverty: Rural tion is pleased to announce that Vinita make a viable $5,583,589 in support for the fiscal year Gentrification and White Poverty in the Mehta, has been selected as the 2003 ASA- contribution as 2002. The program holds two grant American Northwest,” jointly funded AAAS Mass Media Science Fellow. Mehta, well.” competitions annually (Regular Research with the Geography and Regional Science an advanced clinical psychology doctoral In addition to Grants, with August 15 and January 15 Program, $171,434. student at Columbia University-Teachers her social science application deadlines; and Dissertation Levine, Felice, American Sociological College, holds a bachelor’s degree in training, Mehta Improvement Grants, with October 15 Association, “Group Travel for U.S. sociology from Brandeis University and has broadcast and February 15 application deadlines). Participants in the XVth World Congress received her Masters in Education from media, clinical, and Vinita Mehta NSF’s Sociology Program is a major of Sociology; Brisbane, Australia, July 7- Harvard University with an emphasis in teaching experi- source of sociological research funding as 13, 2002,” $33,000. human development and psychology. ence. As an part of the agency’s mission to encourage Liang, Zai, CUNY-Queens College, The mass media fellowship allows undergraduate she reported news stories theoretically focused empirical investiga- “RUI: China International Migration sociologists to enhance their skills in and and wrote copy for broadcast. She has tions aimed at improving the explanation Project,” jointly funded by the Office of commitment to the presentation of social also reported and interviewed people for of fundamental social processes. The International Science and Engineering, science to the public through mass media. a local Boston station. She has taken Regular Research Grants for 2002 totaled $203,896. ASA collaborates with the American extensive classes in screenwriting, which $5,236,032 and the Dissertation Grants Logan, John, and Brian Stults, SUNY- Association for the Advancement of she used to write two screenplays that total $347,557. The Principal Investigators Albany, “Group Boundaries in New York Science (AAAS) to sponsor sociologists in directly relate to the practice of psychol- are listed below along with their affilia- and Chicago: New Uses of the 1880 a summer placement with media organi- ogy. These skills add to her ability to tion, grant title, and grant amount. Census,” jointly funded by the Geogra- zations. translate science into an accessible and phy and Regional Science Program, meaningful format. Regular Research Grants $145,292. Orientation Mehta describes her educational Alba, Richard, SUNY-Albany, “Disad- Lucas, Jeffrey, University of Akron, “An Mehta participated in a three-day training as “extensive and solid,” prepar- vantaged Second Generations: The Experimental Analysis of Status Processes orientation session in early June in ing her to become a scholar and a Socioeconomic Incorporation of Mexicans and Self-Handicapping,” $17,974. Washington, DC, with 18 other AAAS practitioner. In working on her screen- in the United States and Maghrebins in McCall, Leslie, Rutgers University-New Science Fellows. At the orientation, they play, one of her main challenges was to France,” jointly funded by the Office of Brunswick, “Corporate Restructuring and had a series of workshops on science transform the abstract into dramatic and International Science and Engineering, Rising Wage Inequality in U.S. Urban writing, and interacted with professionals satisfactory material that would be $123,599. Labor Markets, 1970-2000,” $128,030. who actually work for major media compelling for the general public. Alexander, Karl, Johns Hopkins McPherson, Miller, and Lynn Smith- outlets. Nils J. Bruzelius, Deputy National In addition, her extensive quantitative University, “Success in the Making: Life Lovin, University of Arizona, “Self and Editor for Science at the Washington Post, experience should help her to distinguish Course Patterns of Urban Youth through Interaction in an Ecology of Identities,” for example, conducted a workshop on the most noteworthy scientific studies to the Third Decade,” $47,415. $112,723. science writing. The fellows also learned profile. She hopes that the fellowship will Bearmen, Peter, and Mary Clark, Menard, Russell, Joseph Alexander, Jason how to “pitch” a story to an editor/ lead her to a career in scientific journal- Columbia University, “Narrative Net- Digman, and J. Hacker, University of producer and how to interview sources. ism. Even before being accepted as a works: The World Trade Center Tragedy,” Minnesota-Twin Cities, “Public Use media fellow, she began attending $50,000. Microdata Samples of the 1850 Slave NBC Dateline seminars and panels on science journal- Danaher, William, University of Population,” jointly funded by the ism, editorial writing, and broadcast Methodology, Measurement and Statistics Even though it is traditional for media journalism through the South Asian Charleston, “Media and Mobilization: The fellowships to begin in the summer, Case of Radio and Southern Textile Program, $209,000. Journalists Association and the Asian Moaddel, Mansoor, Eastern Michigan Mehta will begin her ten-week placement American Journalists Association. Worker Mobilization, 1929-1934,” $34,019. at Dateline NBC in New York City begin- Edin, Kathryn, Paula England, Greg P. University, “U.S.-Egypt Workshop: “It would be professionally satisfying Explaining the Worldviews of the Islamic ning in September, an arrangement that to combine my scholarly interests with Duncan, and P. Chase-Lansdale, Northwest- better fits NBC’s and Mehta’s scheduling ern University, “Gender Dynamics and Publics: Theoretical & Methodological my passion for writing,” said Mehta. She Issues,” Cario, Egypt, February 2002,” needs. Media offices are often inundated hopes it will provide her with the Unmarried Fathers’ Involvement with with interns during the summer, so a fall Children,” $299,150. jointly funded with the Office of Interna- opportunity to gain practical experience tional Science and Engineering, $25,000. begin date allows more engagement by and to learn new journalistic skills and Epp, Charles, Donald Haider-Markel, and the fellow. The AAAS determines the Steven Maynard-Moody, University of Molm, Linda, University of Arizona, improve upon her existing ones. “Theoretical Comparisons of Forms of placement of the fellows. This fellowship program, now in its Kansas, “Reconstructing Law on the “I’m grateful to AAAS and the ASA for Street: The Influence of Citizen Character- Exchange,” $166,700. seventh year in collaboration with AAAS, Morgan, Stephen, Cornell University, this opportunity. It’s simply thrilling. I am is an initiative of ASA’s Spivack Program istics on Traffic Law Enforcement,” jointly very excited about my placement at funded by NSF’s Law and Social Science “Rent and Social Class, 1982-2000,” in Applied Social Research and Social $119,571. Dateline NBC,” said Mehta. “As a social Policy. The next deadline for ASA-AAAS Program, $188,375. scientist, I think it’s a great sign that there Grant, II, Don, University of Nesiba, Reynold, Augustana College, Media Fellow applications is January 15, are roles outside of academia where you ❑ Arizona,”Absentee Ownership and “The Effect of Race, Economic and 2004. Corporate Environmental Performance,” Institutional Characteristics on Home $40,045. Mortgage Lender to Underserved Guo, Guang, University of North Markets,” $60,000. Expectations,” $47,304. tial Mobility and Adolescent Risk Behav- Carolina-Chapel Hill, “Neighborhoods Nock, Steven, Paul Kingston, University Rockwell, Richard, University of ior,” jointly funded by the Geography and Schools, Education, and Heritability,” of Virginia, “The Distribution of Obliga- Connecticut, “The Data Documentation and Regional Science Program, $52,687. $104,952. tions,” $200,000. Initiative (DDI) Version 1.1,” jointly Stark, David, Columbia University, Gutmann, Myron, and Peter Granda, Oliver, Pamela, University of Wisconsin- funded with the Methodology, Measure- “Pathways of Property Transformation: University of Michigan, “2000 U.S. Census Madison, “Tracking the Causes and ment and Statistics Program, $18,657. Enterprise Network Careers in Hungary, Data Project,” jointly funded with the Consequences of Racial Disparities in Roscigno, Vincent, Ohio State Univer- 1989-2000,” $258,167. Economics and Methodology, Measure- Imprisonment: A Pilot Study,” $48,361. sity, “Media and Mobilization: The Case Sweeney, Megan, University of Califor- ment and Statistics programs, $344,962. Ramirez, Francisco, and John Meyer, of Radio and Southern Textile Worker nia-Los Angeles, “The Impact of Hampton, Keith, MIT, “ITR: E-neighbor- Stanford University, “Expansion and Mobilization: 1929-1934,” $54,619. Stepfamilies on the Well-being of Chil- hoods, Social Networks and Neighbor- Impact of the World Human Rights Shauman, Kimberlee, University of dren and Adolescents,” $74,999. hood Social Capital in the Internet Age,” Regime: Longitudinal and Cross-National California-Davis, “The Geographic Taylor, Dorceta, University of Michigan, funded by the Information Technology Analyses over the Twentieth Century,” Mobility of Dual-Career Families: “Environmental Justice Activism, Govern- Research small grants program, $299,960. $200,806. Patterns, Causes and Consequences,” ment Response, and Corporate Strate- Haynie, Dana, Ohio State University, Rasinski, Kenneth, and Thomas W. Smith, jointly funded by the Geography and gies: An Examination of Interactions “Residential Mobility and Adolescent Risk National Opinion Research Center, “Small Regional Science Program, $96,627. Between Activists and Opponent,” Behavior,” jointly funded by the Geogra- Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER): Silverstein, Merril, University of $68,331. phy and Regional Science Program, Public Response to a National Tragedy,” Southern California, “Grandparents as Teachman, Jay, Western Washington $120,693. jointly funded by the Political Science and Buffers of Family Disruption and Social University, “Determinants and Conse- Hegtvedt, Karen, and Cathryn Johnson, Law and Social Science programs, $54,259. Change,” $150,989. quences of Military Service: 1940-1998,” Emory University, “The Effects of Raudenbush, Stephen, University of Snow, David, University of California- $49,556. Legitimacy on Responses to Injustice,” Michigan, “ITR: Multilevel Analysis in the Irvine, “A Comparative Study of Thye, Shane, Barry Markovsky, and David $140,638. Social Sciences,” funded by the Informa- Homelessness in Four Global Cities: Los Willer, University of South Carolina, Kantor, Paula, University of Wisconsin- tion Technology Research small grants Angeles, Paris, Sao Paulo and Tokyo,” “Status Processes in Social Exchange Madison, “Assets, Intra-household Power program, $299,995. jointly funded by the Office of Interna- Networks,” $90,424. and Vulnerability to Crisis Amongst the Reynold, John, Florida State University, tional Science and Engineering, $95,534. Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, North “Gender-Related Trends in Educational South, Scott, SUNY-Albany, “Residen- Urban Poor in India,” jointly funded by See NSF, page 10 JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES 5 Spencer Cahill to Edit Social Psychology Quarterly Sociologists Receive Fulbright Awards by Michael Flaherty, Eckerd College he has published a series of articles on More than 850 U.S. academics, Rukmalie Thalani Jayakody, Assistant mortuary science students and funeral professionals, and independent scholars Professor, Department of Human ASA Council has selected Spencer E. directors: “Some Rhetorical Directions of have received awards under the Fulbright Development and Family Studies and Cahill, Director of Interdisciplinary Studies Funeral Direction: Historical Entangle- Scholar Program to study abroad in 2002- Population Research Institute, Pennsylva- at the University of South Florida, as the ments and Contemporary Dilemmas” 03. Each year The U.S. Fulbright Scholar nia State University-University Park: next editor of Social Psychology Quarterly, (Work and Occupations, 1995), “The Program sends scholars and professionals Vietnam. now in its 65th year of publication. The Boundaries of Professionalization: The to more than 140 countries, where they Katherine Ruth Jensen, Professor, editorial term is three years. Case of North American Funeral lecture, cunsult, or conduct research in a Department of Sociology and Women’s It is a great honor for me to introduce Direction” (Symbolic Interaction, 1999), wide variety of academic and professional Studies, University of Wyoming: Nepal. Spencer in his new role. We have been and “Emotional Capital and Professional fields. The Fulbright program is spon- Paul David Jesilow, Associate Professor, friends for many years, and I have the Socialization: The Case of Mortuary sored by the U.S. Department of State Department of Criminology, Law, and utmost respect for his prolific and Science Students (and Me)” (Social and administered by the Council for Society, University of California-Irvine: influential work. His editorship will be a Psychology Quarterly, 1999). These International Exchange of Scholars. Below Sweden. happy marriage between a consummate fascinating studies broaden our under- is the list of 21 sociologists awarded a Harold Ray Kerbo, Professor, Depart- scholar and one of the leading journals in standing of the important relationship Fulbright for this year. Included are their ment of Social Sciences, California sociology. between work and identity. In addition, titles, affiliations, and the countries in Polytechnic State University-San Luis Spencer grew up on a farm outside of this line of research demonstrates that which they will study. For more informa- Obispo: Austria. Vandalia, Missouri, but the farm could not socialization is a lifelong process. tion, see www.cies.org. Lynne G. Lackey, Scientist, Heller support the family, so his father worked A third theme in Spencer’s work links Kimberly April Battle-Walters, Associate School, Schneider Institute for Health in a local brick factory. Spencer worked in his interest in socialization with deviance, Professor, Department of Social Work, Policy, Brandeis University: Swaziland. that same factory during the summers stigma, and emotions. Here, one of his School of Education and Behavioral William G. Martin, Professor, Fernand when he was an undergraduate at the most significant contributions to the Studies, Azusa Pacific University: South Braudel Center, State University of New University of Missouri in Columbia. He literature is “Children and Civility: Africa. York-Binghamton: South Africa. took an introductory sociology course Ceremonial Deviance and the Acquisition Ellen Janice Benjamin, Assistant Duane Allan Matcha, Associate Profes- during his first semester where students of Ritual Competence” (Social Psychology Professor, School for New Learning, sor of Sociology, Siena College: Poland. read Peter Berger’s Invitation to Sociology, Quarterly, 1987). In this article, he DePaul University: Romania. Donald E. Maypole, Professor Emeritus, and, as Spencer often tells people today, examines the haphazard process through Ginetta E. Candelario, Assistant Profes- Department of Social Work, University of he decided to “accept the invitation.” which children learn the folkways of sor, Department of Sociology and Minnesota-Duluth: Czech Republic. After earning an MA from McMaster their community by having their Department of Latin American and Dorothy S. McClellan, Professor, University, Spencer moved to the Univer- behavior corrected in public places. Latino/Latina Studies, Smith College: Department of Social Sciences/Criminal sity of California-Santa Barbara, where he Ironically, then, deviance serves as a Dominican Republic. Justice, Texas A&M University-Corpus developed an interest in social psychology crucial mechanism for childhood social- inspired by ethnomethodology and ization. Another form of socialization Samuel Ross Cohn, Professor of Christi: Croatia. Goffman’s microsociology. Influential takes place wherever disabled persons Sociology, Texas A&M University-College Timothy Paul McGettigan, Assistant teachers included Tom Shibutani, Don interact with those who are not disabled. Station: Brazil. Professor of Sociology, University of Zimmerman, and Sarah Fenstermaker, In their article, “Managing Emotions in Diana Crane, Professor of Sociology, Southern Colorado: Poland. but at least as influential were fellow Public: The Case of Wheelchair Users” University of Pennsylvania: The Nether- Patrick M. O’Day, Assistant Professor of graduate students, such as Nancy Jurik, (Social Psychology Quarterly, 1994), lands. Criminal Justice, University of Texas-Pan Doni Loseke (his spouse of 24 years), Spencer and Robin Eggleston show how Mary Cuadrado, Assistant Professor of American: Mexico. Doug Maynard, Ross Matsueda, and Jack wheelchair users learn to trade various Criminology, University of South Florida- Patricia J. Ould, Professor of Sociology, and Marilyn Whalen. In 1983, PhD in forms of emotion work for limited public Sarasota/Manatee: Mexico. Salem State College: India. hand, Spencer took a position as Assistant acceptance. Zhidong Hao, Assistant Professor, Carol L. Schmid, Professor, Department Professor of Sociology at Skidmore Spencer brings a great deal of Department of Sociology, Anthropology, of Social Sciences, Guilford Technical College, rising to the rank of Associate experience to his new role. He is the and Social Work, Whittier College: Community College: Latvia. Professor before leaving to become editor or co-editor of three books, Taiwan. Jennifer P. Talwar, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor of Interdisciplinary including Inside Social Life: Readings in Department of Liberal Arts, Pennsylvania Social Sciences and Sociology at the Sociological Psychology and Microsociology State University-Allentown: India. ❑ University of South Florida. Currently, he (soon to be published in a 4th edition). is Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies He was the co-editor (with Doni Loseke) and Sociology as well as Director of of the Journal of Contemporary Ethnography Interdisciplinary Studies. from 1994 to 1999. He has served on the Spencer’s work has had a profound Editorial Board of Social Problems (1996- 2003 Major ASA Award Winners impact on social psychology and the 1999), and he has served as an Associate ASA proudly announces eight recipients of the ASA 2003 awards. These microsociology of behavior in public Editor of Symbolic Interaction (1989-1992). outstanding scholars will be recognized at the 2003 Annual Meeting places. He has published dozens of Moreover, Spencer has been very active Awards Ceremony on Sunday, August 17, at 4:30 PM. Chair of the Committee refereed journal articles, and a number of in the Social Psychology Section of the them have been reprinted in edited ASA. He has chaired committees and on Awards, Craig Calhoun, Social Science Research Council, will preside collections. Childhood socialization has currently sits on the Council (2001-2004). over this special event. been the primary focus of his research, He has tremendous enthusiasm for all The ASA awards are conferred on sociologists for outstanding publica- with an emphasis on the interactionist facets of social psychology, and he will be tions and achievements in the scholarship, teaching, and practice of sociol- study of gender development and the an effective “bridge” between the ogy. acquisition of sex roles. During the 1980s, various schools of thought in our field. The Awards Ceremony will immediately precede the formal address of he established his reputation by setting The auspicious combination of experi- ASA President William Bielby. All registrants are invited to an Honorary the agenda for this field with the publica- ence and enthusiasm is sure to make for Reception immediately following the address to congratulate President tion of “Directions for an Interactionist a successful term as Editor. Bielby and the award recipients. Study of Gender Development” (Symbolic Spencer has assembled a diverse and The officers of the Association extend heartfelt congratulations to the Interaction, 1980), “Reexamining the talented team of Deputy Editors. following honorees: Acquisition of Sex Roles: A Social Timothy Owens is an Associate Professor Jessie Bernard Award Interactionist Approach” (Sex Roles, 1983), of Sociology at Purdue University. His Cynthia Fuchs Epstein, City University of New York “Childhood Socialization as a Recruitment current research investigates the recipro- DuBois-Johnson-Frazier Award Process: Some Lessons from the Study of cal effects of self-concept and adolescent John Moland, Jr., Alabama State University (retired) Gender Development (Sociological Studies drinking, smoking, and marijuana use. of Child Development, 1986), and “Fashion- Dawn Robinson is an Associate Professor Distinguished Career Award for the Practice of Sociology ing Males and Females: Appearance of Sociology at the University of Iowa. Lewis Yablonsky, California State University-Northridge Management and the Social Reproduction She studies identity management, Distinguished Contributions to Teaching Award of Gender” (Symbolic Interaction, 1989). In emotional processes, and the emergence Michael Burawoy, University of California-Berkeley, and Robert Hauser, his current research, he examines notes of structure through conversational University of Wisconsin-Madison passed among young adolescents for behavior. Jane Sell is a Professor of Distinguished Scholarly Publication Award evidence of relationship work and the Sociology at Texas A&M University. Her Richard Lachmann, University at Albany, for his book, Capitalists in Spite of emergence of gendered relations. current research concerns the integration Themselves: Elite Conflict and Economic Transitions in Early Modern Europe A second theme in Spencer’s work has of economic and game theoretic perspec- (Oxford University Press, 2000) been the study of professional socializa- tives with social psychological theories in tion and identity. With Doni Loseke, he the study of group- and individual-level Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award has published “The Social Construction of cooperation. With his Deputy Editors, Immanuel Wallerstein, Yale University Deviance: Experts on Battered Women” Spencer Cahill will uphold the high Public Understanding of Sociology Award (Social Problems, 1984) and “Actors in standards established by previous Frances Fox Piven, City University of New York Search of a Character: Student Social editorial teams at Social Psychology Workers’ Quest for Professional Identity” Quarterly. ❑ (Symbolic Interaction, 1986). More recently, 6 JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES
Elections, from page 1 Congress, from page 1
hostilities in Iraq. The membership vote approved all seven of the proposed Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in make becomes an official position of the amendments, which immediately become Health Care, presented information gained changes in his American Sociological Association. part of the Association Bylaws. about medical treatment through the use police Nearly 31 percent of ASA’s member- of race and ethnicity data. Smedley noted department ship who were eligible to vote in the 2003 Full Slate of 2004 that the report, in answering “the to ensure that election cast votes, and almost all voted Newly Elected Officers question of whether or not patients of the police color receive a lower quality of health force was on the resolution. In addition, most who President-Elect voted participated in a public opinion poll care, unequivocally, the answer is ‘yes.’” more diverse Troy Duster, New York University Disparities “are found across a range of reflecting their personal views on the to better Vice President-Elect clinical settings, teaching and nonteach- American involvement in the war: 75 reflect the Caroline Hodges Persell, New York ing, private, and public. More impor- percent were in favor of America ending communities University tantly, these disparities are associated its involvement. it policed, and Secretary-Elect with higher mortality among racial and to ensure a ethnic patients.” Smedley concluded, Healthy Turnout at the “E-Polls” Franklin Wilson, University of more diverse Wisconsin-Madison “Medical care does not occur in a vacuum. staff to train The ASA community can take pride It occurs in a context in which racial and these officers. Council that of the 9,536 members eligible to vote, ethnic disparities across a wide range of The ASA Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Texas A&M 2,940 ballots were cast, constituting a sectors of American life are persistent. We briefing was University 30.83 percent response. This is the highest conclude that many sources contribute to a huge Former Congressman Tom Nan Lin, Duke University ASA voter participation rate in four years, these disparities, including aspects of success. The Sawyer of Ohio introduces Diane Vaughan, Boston College perhaps due in part to the fact that ASA health systems, heath care providers, standing- the congressional briefing Min Zhou, University of California- speakers. offered the capability to view election patients, utilization managers. All can room-only Los Angeles information and cast votes online. This contribute to disparities in complex ways, audience voter participation rate is higher than Committee on Publications but without data to understand where (nearly 160 people) was unheard of most nonprofit associations experience, Judith Howard, University of Washington and how these disparities occur, we among the Capitol Hill-savvy staff of the according to surveys. Nonprofit associa- Erik Olin Wright, University of would be unable to detect these pat- co-sponsoring organizations, and terns.” tions typically have participation rates Wisconsin-Madison subsequent media coverage by the Committee on Nominations Associated Press (AP), Research USA, as among eligible voters of less than 20 Race and Law Enforcement percent. Although this was the first year Julia Adams, University of Michigan well as the well-regarded science policy that ASA offered the capability to view Manuel de la Puente, U.S. Census Bureau Finally, Jerry Sanders, President of publication Washington Fax, publicized the briefing’s key research messages. The AP election information and cast votes Susan Farrell, Kingsborough Virtual Capital of California, former Chief article appeared in Newsday, CNN, Atlanta online, some 55 percent (1,600) of the Community College of Police for San Diego, and Vice-Chair of Journal-Constitution, The Boston Globe, and voters took advantage of this new John Hagan, Northwestern University San Diego’s United Way, explained how, MSNBC, and other significant online and Rosanna Hertz, Wellesley College in the case of law enforcement, it is feature, using a special and secure ASA printed outlets. A key to the success was election webpage. Annette Lareau, Temple University essential to be constantly aware of race and to collect race and ethnic data. “We in large part attributed to the prepara- Committee on Committees tions by the sponsoring organizations, Bylaws Amendments can’t tell if we are serving the populations James Jasper, Independent Scholar that we police if we don’t know how the topic, and a pinch of luck. It was also In addition to the candidates, the 2003 Cynthia Fuchs Epstein, City University of we’re doing already. If we don’t have that very helpful, from the media’s stand- ballot also included seven proposed New York-Graduate Center baseline data then we can’t put policies point, especially, that the presenters’ amendments to the ASA Bylaws (see page Rick Fantasia, Smith College into place, we can’t put training into arguments were highly accessible and 1 of the March 2003 Footnotes or Michael Kimmel, State University of New place… When I looked at the training that relevant to the audience. At the briefing, ❑
Goode, from page 1
William J. Goode was born in 1917 in Goode’s next and most ambitious Houston, TX. His father, a plumbing project was World Revolution and Family Public Forum contractor, lost everything in the Depres- Patterns (1963), a wide-ranging theoretical sion. Si’s lifelong identification with the and empirical study of family and social Researchers Challenge surveys. We acknowledge that some poor was rooted in those hard years: he change in the previous century. Twenty- researchers regrettably confuse cause and wore worn-out shoes lined with card- five years later, in a retrospective ASA California Initiative to effect in analyzing health disparities data, board and gleaned discarded fruits and symposium on the book, scholars praised by race, but this does not warrant vegetables at the railroad yards. its majestic analysis and enduring Ban Racial Data eliminating such data. Educators who In high school, Lyndon B. Johnson, the relevance and reported that his predic- work to overcome the debilitating effects California will soon be the testing future President, was Si’s debating coach tions were still accurate. of increasing school segregation and ground for an effort to block researchers’ As Professor at Columbia, Si had an inequality in educational outcomes would and became an important mentor. and policy makers’ access to governmen- be unable to devise equitable education Johnson spent endless hours critiquing “open-door” and warm personal tal information needed to address the policies. Lawyers seeking to demonstrate Si’s presentation — from the logic of his relations with younger faculty and legacy of three centuries of racial discrimi- racial discrimination, or to fashion argument, to his need for freshly ironed graduate students. He was known as a nation. In March, 2004, California voters remedies to it, would be stymied in many shirts. But, as Si noted, “he made you feel man of great decency and integrity, as will be asked to approve an amendment situations. important just because he was nagging at someone you could trust. to the state Constitution that would bar The effort to ban racial data collection Unlike many senior male professors of state agencies from categorizing people you so much, throwing his whole self into can also be seen in the larger context as or collecting data based on race, national improving you.” While his team won the his generation, Si actively encouraged his part of a politically motivated trend to origin, or ethnicity. state championship (Si won first in the women students—and held them to the restrict the public’s right to know what This ballot initiative seeks to write into boys declamation), their awe of Johnson same high standards as his male students. government is doing. The current Bush the state Constitution a ban on racial data was shaken when he gave up his brilliant He sponsored them and pushed them to administration has moved to close court collection that was first instituted as an apply for fellowships, grants, and top proceedings previously open to the teaching career to work “as a secretary” executive order in 1997 by then-Governor public, has greatly restricted Freedom of for a congressman. jobs—and to treat themselves and their Pete Wilson in the aftermath of the Information Act requests, has granted the Although Si assumed he could not careers as seriously as he did. termination of public affirmative action power to designate information as ‘secret’ afford college, he received a full fellow- Si was also an early supporter of the programs by Proposition 209. Wilson’s to the Environmental Protection Agency, ship at Rice Institute and started college at nascent women’s movement, both executive order was subject to a lawsuit the Department of Health and Human 16. intellectually and personally. He spent by one of us in 1998 and 1999 (Barlow v. Services, and the Department of Agricul- many hours working with his life-long Davis), reported in ASA’s Footnotes Two years later, in the spring of 1936, ture, and has barred access to previous newsletter in January 1999. When the Si was expelled from Rice for violating the friend Betty Friedan when she was administrations’ records that had been California courts failed to overturn the school’s (unpublished) dress code by writing The Feminine Mystique. They both guaranteed by the Presidential Records executive order, University of California wearing tennis shorts to class. It was joke about her ingenuity in getting a Act. Various states, including California, Regent Ward Connerly initiated the characteristic of his lifelong pattern of senior professor at Columbia to be her have refused to collect data on the race of current ballot initiative. (unpaid) research assistant. He also co- people stopped by the police or the race non-conformity to rules he considered The American Sociological Association of contractors receiving public monies. unimportant. edited The Other Half with Cynthia Fuchs has a compelling interest to oppose this Government, however, is expanding Si completed his BA and MA in Epstein. ballot initiative. Sociologists can explain to its collection of data about the public at Philosophy at the University of Texas- During his years at Columbia, Si wrote the public that governmental efforts to the very time that the public is being Austin in 1938 and 1939. They were hard articles that became classics in the field. track race are not mere efforts to force denied access to government data. New years economically, but exciting years Many began with an evocative title: “The people to proclaim an arbitrary identity, laws and technologies are enabling Theoretical Importance of Love”; “The but are necessary to overcome racial intellectually. He studied with Clarence government officials to monitor immi- inequality. The 2002 ASA Statement on the Ayers, the great institutional economist, Protection of the Inept”; “Why Men grants, and to scan Internet and computer Importance of Collecting Data and Doing who mentored a generation of Texas- Resist”; “Violence Among Intimates”; “A databases in the name of a “war on Social Scientific Research on Race (available born sociologists including Kingsley Theory of Role Strain”; and “The Theo- terrorism.” As a reflection of this trend, at www.asanet.org) makes this case. A Davis and Marion Levy, who became Si’s retical Limits of Professionalism.” the California ballot initiative would vast body of sociological research life-long friends. They were “tough Each article challenged conventional exempt law enforcement officials from its demonstrates that people in the United ban on the use of racial data, while it friends” who wouldn’t let you get away wisdom and revealed hidden social States today are treated differently on the would ban citizens from monitoring racial with anything—brutally honest, arrogant, patterns of theoretical importance. For basis of physical characteristics that are discrimination by the police. critical, and challenging. example, while most sociologists consid- socially designated ‘racial.’ Racial privileg- The politics of controlling information Si began work on a PhD in sociology ered romantic love relatively trivial, ing and discrimination takes place in a needed to remedy racial discrimination is at Penn State, but was eager to join the Goode revealed its theoretical importance wide variety of public settings, ranging fast becoming a pressing issue. A confer- by analyzing the elaborate safeguards all from employment, education, and health war against Hitler. He enlisted in the ence assessing the potential national care to the criminal justice system. As the Navy, becoming a radarman on an attack societies create to restrict the free market impact of the passage of this California ASA Statement puts it, “as long as transport ship carrying and landing in love and limit its potential destructive- ballot initiative will bring together Americans routinely sort each other into troops in the Pacific. ness. researchers, civil rights lawyers, and racial categories and act on the basis of After the war, Goode became an In 1977 Si decided to begin a new life in journalists at Stanford University on those attributions, research on the role of Assistant Professor in Sociology at Wayne California with Lenore J. Weitzman. He October 2-5, 2003. Sociologists interested race and race relations in the United in attending the conference, titled State University, where he was part of a became a Professor of Sociology at States falls squarely within [the] scientific “Colorblind Racism: The Politics of network of bright young people on the Stanford University, where he taught for agenda…. Studying race as a social Controlling Racial and Ethnic Data,” can frontier of music, art, dance, sociology, the next nine years. Si’s graduate seminar phenomenon makes for better science get further information by contacting and labor politics. He wrote Methods in on social theory became well known for and more informed policy debate.” Allegra Churchill at the Equal Justice Social Research with Paul Hatt (1952, with its intellectual rigor and for the incredible Scientists and policy-makers broadly Society, [email protected]. many reprintings), which was widely chocolate desserts he made to serve share concerns about the potential banning of race-based data. National and Andrew L. Barlow, University of used throughout the western world and during the break. California public health associations and California-Berkeley (barlow@ Asia, in authorized and unauthorized At Stanford he published what he the California Medical Association oppose socrates.berkeley.edu), and translations (including a highly successful considered his most significant and most the California effort to ban racial classifi- Troy Duster, New York University pirated Chinese edition), and taught radical book: The Celebration of Heroes: cation. The ban would leave public health ([email protected]) research methods to three generations of Prestige as a Social Control System (1978). It officials unable to track or measure one of [Editor’s note: see page 1 story on social scientists. was the first systematic treatise in the most significant variables in all health congressional briefing.] ❑ In 1950 Goode moved to Columbia sociology on the production and alloca- University to collaborate with Robert K. tion of prestige, honor, and respect as a Atlanta, from page 6 Merton on a project analyzing the system of social control. professions in American society. He Goode saw prestige as a major axis of Refugee Family Services and the Refugee perfect for walking and relaxing at day’s became an Associate Professor in 1952, all social structures, like economics or Women’s Network. Atlanta is a major site end with many nice eateries, bookstores, and a full Professor in 1956. In 1975 he power, and noted that more people had for refugee resettlement, and all along the and assorted shops. was named the Franklin H. Giddings been killed for honor, respect, and glory, Buford Highway corridor you find Professor of Sociology. He was chair of than for money. References evidence of refugee/immigrant life in the the Department in the 1960s and 1970s In 1986, Si became an Emeritus “new south.” Notwithstanding general Bayor, Ronald, H., (1996). Race and the and served as the Associate Director of Professor at Stanford and joined the acceptance, local residents in an Atlanta Shaping of Twentieth-Century Atlanta. the Bureau of Applied Social Research and Sociology Department at Harvard suburb have expressed their unwilling- Chapel Hill, NC: University of North University, where he embarked on Carolina Press. on its Board of Governors from 1956-70. ness to accept a group of Somali Bantu hooks, bell. (1992). “Out of the Academy In his early years at Columbia he another landmark study, World Changes in refugees. Many of the Islamic population and Into the Streets,” Ms. Magazine, July- published his dissertation, Religion Among Divorce Patterns (Yale University Press, have experienced the hostility emanating August, v3 n1. (p80(3)). the Primitives (1951) and his pioneering 1993). from the post-September-11 climate. Sjoquist, D.L. (Ed.), (2000). The Atlanta study of divorce, the first to focus on the Goode’s reputation for scholarship and Paradox. New York: Russell Sage Founda- Families find solace in a nearby mosque: experiences of single-parent mothers and teaching was widely acknowledged Masjid al-Moniee. Exhausted, we return tion. Williams, I., (2002). Women’s Leadership and their children. After Divorce (1956) was internationally, and he was invited to to the Agnes Scott campus in the city of Social Change in the Atlanta Semester modeled on Durkheim’s Suicide, and Decatur, six miles east of the State Capitol. Program. In N. Naples & K. Bojar (Eds.). combined rigorous theorizing with Continued on p. 10 and see tributes on Once again we are witness to renewal and Teaching Feminist Activism. (pp. 207-220). empirical research. revitalization. The city of Decatur is New York: Routledge. ❑ next page 8 JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES
miss Si dearly, not only because he was Larry Mitchell, spent a week each year allow him to keep its carcass, then drove it Sociologists a world-classI scholar and a true renaissance collecting the works of Willard Waller, with home, dragged it down the concrete stairs man, but also because he was such a good whom, Si had a great intellectual affinity. leading to our house, strung it up on the friend, much like an uncle. Others will During that time Si plied us with abundant branch of a maple, and, covered with blood, William evaluate Si’s great contributions to sociologi- food and endless stories. I came to discover Si gutted, skinned, and dressed it in front of a cal theory, the study of stratification, and of could be a warm and caring friend. We stayed dozen of his own horrified dinner guests who course the family, among many others. Only in touch over the years. The last time I saw were staring out the window. Andy’s mother, those of us who had the privilege to spend him, we laughed a lot about the fact that Ruth, insists the onlookers were not guests, time with him, know the other Si: The man some of his students were approaching but fascinated neighborhood children. Either who studied with much gusto and to retirement. With a twinkle in his eye, he way, many of Si’s dramatic gestures drew a perfection, anything that sparked his interest, confided that he never thought I would crowd. Everything he did had a larger-than- the list of which was very hefty indeed. amount to much. “Why,” I asked. “You were life quality to it. Flowers, sailboats, wine, Hebrew, archaeology, too damn interested in having a good time,” Si Yes, Si Goode was a flamboyant, charis- special esteem Si’s effort to serve a more and much, much more. Si knew a great deal answered. matic, romantic figure—as they say in Brazil, general audience by writing The Family, which about each of these, and with a little encour- uma figura mesmo. He was that way, genuinely he contributed to Prentice Hall’s Foundations of Frank Furstenberg, University of agement, would share his knowledge with and sincerely, and he cultivated that image Modern Sociology Series. Through the many Pennsylvania you. But, it was never in the spirit of lecturing more or less self-consciously. For a time, at printings of this wide ranging, exceptionally or trying to impress you, or imply that you ❆ ❆ ❆ festive social gatherings, he wore a silk cape, concise, and richly informative small book he knew less. Si truly enjoyed whatever he was Looking at his photographs, I still can’t black on the outside and red on the inside, and introduced thousands and thousands of involved with, and he wanted to share that joy believe Si is gone. In spite of his age, death black patent leather shoes. For much of his students to a systematic, analytic, and with all. was unexpected and traumatic. He was active life, he baked an apple into a half-pound tin of rigorously comparative perspective on the Above all, for me, Si was a very special and vigorous his entire life. For decades, he Half & Half tobacco, then rolled his own structure and function of the family world- friend. He hired a whole legion of foreign skied, scuba dived, and sailed. I can still cigarettes and smoked them in a filtered wide. scholars to teach at Columbia University in picture him back in the 1950s, clearing and cigarette holder at a jaunty, rakish tilt. Si’s propensity was never to waste an the early 1960s. They included a Swede, a hauling underbrush, chopping logs, and Although he gave up smoking years ago, I still opportunity to stress an important principle Norwegian, a German, Israeli-Americans, and cutting down trees, and climbing and sawing associate that baked tobacco-and-apple smell or to share a significant insight. In keeping the son of a house painter, a true working off the branches of others so we could see the with my dad. with this orientation, he took the occasion of class man, among others. His study was a few Hudson River from the deck of our house in I was born only weeks after Si graduated writing the preface to the second edition of The buildings away from the main department Piermont, New York. Only a few weeks before from college, at the University of Texas. He Family to make some observations on the state offices. It was there that we went seeking a he died, Si developed mantle cell lymphoma; had hoped to win a Rhodes scholarship, and of our field, observations that are as pertinent shoulder to cry on, advice on how to conduct the day after his first treatment, he was out on was bitterly disappointed when he did not. A now as they were when he first wrote them in ourselves, and a place to vent our personal the courts, playing tennis. The day before he year later, after completing a master’s degree 1982. I offer the following samples: frustrations. He had a special sensitivity to died, he took a long walk with several friends in philosophy at UT, he headed south to study The complexity of modern society suggests these things; he would truly listen, ask through Central Park. at the University of Mexico, where he had we should be cautious about supposing we germane questions, and give carefully laid out Some people thought Si a wild man. In hoped to run into Leon Trotsky. (Shortly before have finally hit upon a single cause for and kind guidance. (When I recently recon- some ways, they were right. He was passion- Trotsky’s assassination, through Trotsky’s anything. structed some of these conversations for my ate and free spirited. There was no separation bodyguard Si had set up an appointment to If we wish to use the image of causation, memoirs, Si kindly reviewed the text and between the passionate man and the passion- talk to the great man.) Instead, he ran into we must be willing to do the hard work modified the words I put into his mouth. As ate sociologist, the free-spirited husband, Bernard Barber who, the academic year being necessary to pinpoint precisely how anything far as I know, these are the last lines that he lover, father, and friend, and the researcher 1939-1940, rather than accepting a fellowship caused anything. ever wrote.) and scholar who refused to bow to intellectual to Europe, was vacationing in Mexico after Whether or not we work out better family We all need friends, and we all—especially fad and fashion, trendy theories, and boutique visiting Robert Merton in New Orleans. Merton systems, at least some of our future social me—are very short, now that Si left us so topics. He was intense and filled with wonder, later told Si about a wonderful field of planning will be wiser if we base it on the best hurriedly. regardless of whether the issue at hand was study—sociology—and of several good of sound sociological research. friends, Kingsley Davis and George Eaton And finally: Amitai Etzioni mushrooms, music, birds, food, the scandal- Simpson, who taught the subject at Penn It is useful to remember that science cannot ❆ ❆ ❆ ous doings of others—or sociology. Once, for his birthday, I bought Si a pair of State. Instantly, Si had new worlds to conquer, tell us how we ought to behave. It can only tell “Sociology is a field where a mediocre rather expensive Italian pigskin leather racing and he trudged north to accomplish that us how people actually behave. mind can rise right to the top,” was the first gloves. He and Lenni, his wife, met my wife- mission. The rest, as we say, is history. If only we had the power to be like thing that I can remember Si Goode saying in to-be, Barbara, for the first time; we four took Si wanted to be an intellectual conquistador, Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca addressing his class on Introduction to Social Theory at a hike, tramping through the muddy woods much in the style of Sigmund Freud, a Sam, his favorite piano player, and could Columbia University, where I was an awe- near Princeton, New Jersey. Suddenly, Si sociologist on the grand scale of Max Weber count on a response if we called out: “Play it struck graduate student in the early 1960s. I spotted something growing on a log dangling and Emile Durkheim. He didn’t appreciate the again, Si!” fact that in a fractured, fragmented field, and can still remember his voice—the flat Western over a creek, and shimmied out onto the log to Alex Inkeles, Emeritus, Stanford University in an era, like ours, such titans do not and Texas accent etched with East Coast irony. He snag it. The gloves were covered with mud ❆ ❆ ❆ was an impressive figure, strikingly hand- and probably ruined, but back on land, Si cannot exist. Si felt his work on social theory some, parading around the classroom with a triumphantly held aloft a bunch of wild oyster was insufficiently appreciated, believing that William J. Goode made fundamental rolled cigarette in a long holder that he used to mushrooms, which he cooked for dinner that lesser scholars received greater acclaim. He contributions to our understanding of an emphasize the frailties of the discipline. night. For him, the joy of the discovery and told me about his bitter disappointment at the astonishingly vast array of behavioral and Si was not a modest or self-effacing man— difficult acquisition of the mushrooms response to a book he had just published. He social phenomena, from love and religion to not then, not ever. He thoroughly believed that equaled the sensuous delight of eating them— thought he was commanding the field, “Come roles and norms to force and revolution. for sociology to mature, it must go the way of and clearly vastly outweighed the value of the on, everybody, let’s take that hill!” Yet when he But of all his contributions, to me the most all science by developing a robust theory. And, fine Italian gloves. looked around, he realized no one was dazzling, for both its elegant simplicity and its he retained throughout his academic career, Many of his generation in the sociological following him. far-reaching implications, is his insight, which spanned the last half of the 20th century, fraternity are familiar with the well-publicized Si was an eclectic thinker: His work did not discussed in his 1978 work The Celebration of an unswerving commitment to fashion the story of Si being kicked out of Rice Institute at fit into a system or a formula. He elicited Heroes, that social status increases at an tools to get the job done. He leaves a legacy of the end of his sophomore year for wearing unconventionality in others and encouraged increasing rate with rank on the dimensions some of the very finest and, I believe, most short pants. He explained he had to go his students and readers to think about issues which generate status. Goode’s convexity enduring contributions of anyone practicing directly from class to tennis practice; the passionately and in an unfettered fashion. His condition sets status apart from other sociology in this period. president of the university said no shorts or favorite expression was from Walter Pater, primordial outcomes, such as the justice When I arrived at Columbia, however, Si you can’t study here. It is the mark of the man “burn with this hard, gemlike flame.” He did, evaluation, which increases at a decreasing rate was just beginning to emerge as a leading not only that he refused to knuckle under to and Si always remained his own man, a with the individual’s amounts or levels of figure in 20th century sociology. Along with such an edict but, perhaps more telling that, sociologist with a message and a legacy: Go valued goods. Goode’s convexity condition Merton, Lazarsfeld, and lesser luminaries, Si as a scholarship student with quite literally no thou forth and do likewise. leads to the prediction, among many others, preached and practiced an ambitious money, even for a nominal registration fee, he Erich Goode, University of Maryland-College Park that in a network animated by status, an actor is closer to the neighbor below than to the “middle-range theory” and “multiple left for the University of Texas, after the ❆ ❆ ❆ methods.” He was just completing his president of Rice had changed his mind and neighbor above, while in a network dominated monumental book, World Revolution and asked him to stay. Si was stubborn and Si—as everyone knew William J. Goode— by justice concerns, an actor is closer to the Family Change, a book that would set much of independent to his core, and those qualities was the prototypical man with many strings neighbor above than to the neighbor below. Of the agenda for research on the family during informed the way he thought and everything to his bow. I was never sure which of his many course, status theory depends on many the decades to follow. (His grand, but he wrote. selves he valued most—whether the very foundational insights, contributed from many thoroughly misguided, Propositional Inventory, As a 12-year-old, in the Red Bank, New learned sociological theorist, the supreme quarters, but Goode’s convexity condition is a an attempt to systematize all empirical Jersey, home of Patricia Salter West, I saw Si, authority on historical continuity and change bedrock. sociological knowledge into middle-range well into his cups, execute a perfect swan dive in family patterns worldwide, the amiable Although Si never carried out a math- theory, soon followed.) What a heady time it down a flight of stairs into his good friend raconteur, the chef seriously striving to dazzle ematical analysis, he had a remarkable was for him and for his students! Peter Rossi’s open arms. Si insisted that Pete his guests with some culinary masterpiece, or, mathematical intuition (a trait, incidentally, As a mentor, Si was relentlessly demand- could catch him; Pete was dubious. Sturdy in his later years, the sophisticated gardener shared with other giants of his generation). He ing. On the first draft of several chapters of though Rossi was—he was an MP during and the emergent artist struggling to find his knew as if by instinct that three things are my dissertation, he liberally scrawled “shit!” World War II—they both ended up on the floor particular style while facing the empty canvas necessary to begin to understand how a alongside other challenges to my statements. I in a tangle of arms and legs. It is easy to in his suburban studio outside Washington, sociobehavioral process works: (1) identify was devastated, only to discover some weeks dismiss the act as little more than the foolish DC. Of course, for the sociological profession, clearly what is the outcome and what are the later that he had recommended these chapters byproduct of intoxication. I am inclined to it is the work and not the life that counts, and inputs; (2) describe the direction of the effect to another student as a model of what a demur. Instead, I see that same wild exuber- from this perspective we recognize the of each input (increasing, or decreasing, or dissertation should be. Full of contradictions ance in his intellectual endeavors, his thirst to absolutely exceptional impact of his World nonmonotonic); and (3) explore the outcome’s and sharp edges, Si was not a warm or know, his ceaseless questions about how the Revolution and Family Patterns, which surely rate of change as each input changes. especially supportive mentor, but he pushed world is put together, his powerful bursts of has earned the status of a sociological classic. Si Goode understood that if the devil is in his students, as he pushed himself, to produce insight, and, if you will, his leaps of imagina- With an awesome range of relevant data he the details, the secrets of human behavior are their best. tion. The swan dive and his passion for revealed the worldwide tendency to move to a in the second derivative. Yet, he could also be tender and intimate. sociology were woven from the same cloth. common pattern of family arrangements, In his work and in his life—and blessedly His macho toughness was laced with a sense My brother Andy tells me that, while while meticulously finding, documenting, and until the end—there was an exuberant of his own vulnerability and a willingness to driving on Route 9W, Si hit a deer with his VW explaining variations on, and exceptions curiosity and a profound confidence that, share the most revealing and sometimes Beetle. He only wounded the unfortunate to, his general thesis. through the adventures of many minds and painful parts of his complex character. From beast, but got a police officer to finish it off While acknowledging the importance of many approaches, sociological knowledge 1966 to 1968, Si and I and my fellow student, with a shot to the head, convinced a judge to World Revolution for the profession, I hold in would grow. And at an increasing rate, he JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES 9
Remember from the first day I met him to the day before motivation. After some time he could read a as a worldwide phenomenon. But I think he he died when he told me that he was learning Hebrew newspaper but he was always always thought of himself not as a sociologist a new language, Hebrew, his tennis game was impatient, aiming for more. of the family, but as some-one engaged in J. Goode still going, and he continued to paint. His Just a week before Si’s death, I was re- sociological analysis. He was impatient of interest in sociology was as keen as ever. Si’s reading his 1960 work A Theory of Role Strain— fads, and long on common sense. He was a zest for living was infectious, raising both the testimony to the lasting contribution of his rare bird. I shall miss his counsel, both wise level of discourse and the joy of living for brilliant, often provocative, thinking and and flippant. I shall miss his warmth. students and friends. analysis to sociological theory and research. I Immanuel Wallerstein, Yale University will miss him. Eugene Litwak, Columbia University ❆ ❆ ❆ ❆ ❆ ❆ Nina Toren, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ❆ ❆ ❆ Celebrating The Celebration of Heroes Half a century ago, as a graduate student, celebrates one of my heroes, Si Goode. It does might have added, with his customary grace I was assigned the then-leading methodology My colleague Marty Whyte and I have not capture the caring mentor and demanding and wit. textbook in sociology. William J. Goode was known many outstanding sociologists, but teacher, the perennial youth and athleticism, or Guillermina Jasso, New York University senior author with Paul Hatt. As years after our supper with Si Goode in the fall of the crotchet at the restaurant table on a ❆ ❆ ❆ passed, I came to read his writings on the 2002, we found ourselves singing his praises, mission to educate all the chefs of the world. It professions, stratification, and of course, the convinced that this extraordinary, unique does not capture the gaiety, the wit, charm, Si Goode and I were friends and colleagues family. His work in this area was an inspira- scholar was among the very best. His World and sparkle, the sheer joy of the conversational for more than 50 years, from the early 1950s tion, especially as Arlene developed our Revolution and Family Patterns, written four Si. But it does capture, and to some extent when we were both Assistant Professors in the family reader, and her other writings on the decades ago, remains the most systematic enlarge, the “creatively serious” Si (which is Sociology Department of Columbia Univer- family. But he was still an eminence, not a study of changes in the family. We were how he describes what he aimed at in his sity, through a decade of great closeness at companion. impressed by the lasting value of the five memoir of Merton). Stanford University (1977 to 1986), to our last He and I became friends when he was decades of scholarly works that followed. The conversation itself was almost always ten years together at George Mason University President of the ASA and I served on the But we were also awed by Si’s sheer “creatively serious.” The conversational Si (1993 to 2003). Council. He became “Si.” vitality, intellectual and physical. He was seldom gossiped, seldom intrigued. His Si questioned conventional wisdom and Sociology had brought us together, but our asking us penetrating questions about Chinese conversation was always about ideas, always was a pioneer in cross-cultural and compara- friendship was sustained around skiing, society that got to the heart of key issues that probing, questioning, inquiring, doubting, tive research. He was a man of professional tennis, hiking, dinners with Lenni and Arlene, few scholars other than China specialists took ironic, irreverent, iconoclastic, always with a integrity, someone I counted on and trusted. and talking about everything. an interest in. quirky originality, a way of looking at things He was always direct, and had no patience for Si was the most naturally gifted man I At 85, Si walked with a bouncy springiness differently that made you yourself look at posturing and no tolerance for academic have ever met. An athlete, a French chef, a that many a 50 year old would have envied. things differently, with an insight that made pettiness. He was a moral and honorable man. polymath who spoke several languages, Si He was still enjoying tennis. He loved you yourself more insightful. I have strong personal memories of Si. He could lecture in German, read Hebrew, sing painting. He kept up his piano even if his His work was in most ways like his and his wife Lenore Weitzman lived next door Spanish love songs a capella, sculpt, paint, lessons had stopped a while before. He was a conversation. It reflected the same inquiring, to my late wife Elsie and I in Stanford. He was play piano, accurately identify plants and gourmet cook. questioning mind, the same irony, the same a great talker and a passionate conversational- wildlife. He set high standards, especially for Goode had a classic sociological training iconoclasm, the same quirky originality—that ist, coffee drinker, and cigarette roller. himself. Consequently, he rarely took full and raised questions in the tradition of Weber, the sociology of the family was not about A farm boy from Texas and a Jew from the pleasure in his estimable achievements— Parsons, or his Columbia colleague, Robert predicting happy families, that the theoretical Bronx—we shared the warmth and intimacy although he was kind and forgiving of my Merton. But his perceptiveness of the little importance of love was as much its capacity of family. We had wonderful Seders at inadequacies. details of social life rivaled that of Erving to disrupt as to bond, that a theory of social Passover, although Si undermined my efforts Athletic and vigorous into his 80s, I Goffman. Like Marion Levy and Kingsley exchange was the reduction of role-strain as to shorten the service by singing every song. thought that Si, who followed the teachings of Davis, other Texas-bred sociologists of his much as exchange. He had an exceptional voice. his father, a health and fitness guru, would generation who studied with the great But it also had a grand design. Although In 30 years, I never saw Si in anything but outlive most of his younger friends. institutional economist Clarence Ayers, Si famous for two great comparative studies of sneakers. This gave him an appearance of On Saturday, May 3, 2003, (the morning retained an abiding interest in studying social the family, he was above all an apostle of being on the go, which he was. after Bob Merton’s Memorial—the reason for institutions, a joy in cutting through pomp abstract, general theory. Although he appeared I also admired Si’s intellectual curiosity Si and Lenni’s New York visit) he and Lenore and pretense, and a love of intellectual debate. to be into everything (religion, family, profes- and his wide ranging interests. When he and I walked through Central Park’s Harlem For a person who at 16 almost apprenticed to sions, political sociology, stratification), he was moved to George Mason, my wife Sydnee and Meer and Conservatory Garden. The day was his father to become a plumber and who was committed to probing beneath the surface of I enjoyed Si’s excellent cooking and hospital- glorious. The sun shone brightly, the apple thrown out of Rice University for wearing diverse, concrete, observable social orders for ity. Si was also passionate about his garden, blossom trees and tulips were in full bloom. shorts to class after a tennis match, Si revealed the smallest possible number of analytically painting, collecting mushrooms, bird watch- We talked about old friends, but as always, a almost no signs of bitterness. He could engage distinguishable fundamental social processes ing, tennis, and music. He pursued all of these walk with Si also became a lesson in botany in penetrating detached analysis, adding that created them: analytically distinguishable interests with great seriousness in his later and birding. We also talked politics, mostly insight to injury, criticizing himself and fellow because of their differences in nature, condi- years, when he claimed he had earned the right about frustrations with the Bush administra- intellectuals as well as upper-crust elites and tions, and consequences; fundamental because to be “a mandarin.” Most recently, in his late tion. Later, in 5th Avenue’s Neue Museum, Si the disadvantaged poor, but he did so with an they underlay the social order of any continu- 70s, he also decided to learn Hebrew. critiqued German art of the Weimar period. engaging fun-loving bemusement. ing social system. He distinguished four such He was happy in his pursuits, his family, Arlene and I were shocked to learn on I agree with Si that his best work is The processes: Force and force threat, wealth, and his intellectual work. Sunday morning that Si had died at 7 AM. He Celebration of Heroes: Prestige as a Social System, prestige, and sentiment (friendship, love, had never grown old. a book that combines his classic sociological Seymour Martin Lipset, George Mason University affection). Although he could seem like a gad- imagination with broad-ranging examples fly, the entire oeuvre was one long-sustained ❆ ❆ ❆ Jerry Skolnick, New York University School of Law from history and different sectors of life, a project, on the one hand, to bring rationality, ❆ ❆ ❆ I first met Si at Wayne State University range that few of us could aspire to, especially exchange, back into each of these processes, (then Wayne University), where he was a new My relationship with Si Goode started with with Si’s zest. and, on the other hand, to bring the social back faculty member and I was a World War II fear and developed into friendship; both were I first met Si Goode in 1960 when he into exchange theory. veteran student. Detroit was an exciting, somehow tied to language. Goode was chair invited me to his home in New York. I had The culmination of the design was The expanding city with a booming automobile of my orals committee at Columbia in 1969. been studying the Japanese family and he was Celebration of Heroes. Analyzing the nature, industry, an expanding union movement and His part of the exam was the ‘sociology of preparing his volume on World Revolution and conditions, and consequences of one of these a sense that everything was possible. The religion’ and he asked me a question about the Family Patterns. He wanted me to comment on fundamental processes, prestige, its objective University reflected that excitement; staffed “Pharisees.” Although this is the name of an how well his theories worked for Japan. Very was to “move beyond the concrete or particu- with young faculty only a couple of years ancient Jewish sect, I had no idea what this few generalists I have met have shown the lar situation, to social regularities or generali- older than the veterans they taught. Bound- word means. For a foreign student from Israel, willingness to plunge into other cultures with zations that can help to explain or illuminate aries between faculty and students as well as Si probably thought this was an appropriate the depth that he did. I have been an admirer specific social behavior, not only in the disciplines disappeared and for one brief question. The problem was that in the original ever since. twentieth-century United States, but also in period there was an ideal forum of mutual Hebrew this name is pronounced very Whatever unhappiness Si may have had in other epochs and places” (page vii) and to do learning and friendship. Si referred to the differently and in the excitement of the his earlier marriages, his marriage with Lenore so by, on the one hand, bringing rationality, students he met then as the Detroit (aca- moment I did not make the connection. Si Weitzman over the last 25 years seemed to me self-interest, and exchange back into status demic) Mafia, his acknowledgement of the seemed angry that I did not know the answer among the best. Lenore enjoyed all of Si’s processes, while, on the other, bringing the extraordinary intellectual ferment that and I was terrified, until another committee activities and brought a social back into exchange. It is in many ways permeated that student body. Among the member came to my rescue. personal warmth that enhanced the like his conversation. It has a quirky original- small group of my friends, five became Years later, after I had many opportunities richness, breadth, and joy of their intellectual ity: It is less about how honor is distributed, or professors of sociology, one went into history, to realize that Si was a very warm, concerned, life. how it embodies values, rewards, or incentives, and two went into philosophy. They did their and generous person and we were already Si leaves a big void and for a man who at than about prestige as a mechanism of social graduate work at Columbia, Harvard, friends, he and his wife Lenni Weitzman came 85 still had such vitality, he died too young. control, how it shapes us. It is ironic: Its title is Princeton, and the New School. The young to Israel for a Sabbatical. I invited them to He enriched us all. a not so subtle example of his penchant for puncturing pomposity. It is iconoclastic, it faculty at Wayne who were part of our group spend the “Seder” (the festive Passover meal) Ezra F. Vogel, Harvard University also moved on to Columbia, Princeton, breaks not one but two icons. First, it is a in Ein-Gev—a large Kibbutz on the East shore ❆ ❆ ❆ Chicago, Pennsylvania, and Berkeley. of the Sea of Galilee where I have family. Si cogent critique of the empirical weaknesses of Si loved that period of his life because it was very interested in Jewish tradition and the I first met Si Goode in 1953 as my normative consensus; it doubts consensual mirrored his own life. He lived life with Hebrew language. professor at Columbia in a course called norms, coherent values, their correlation with gusto—teaching sociology, sculpting, painting, He was also a gourmet cook. The next day “sociological analysis.” I was not his student. action. Second, it is a cogent critique of his learning new languages, and was an un- when we had dinner in the Kibbutz’s restau- I be-came his friend, as a colleague on the own icon, exchange theory—of calculating abashed physical fitness nut long before it was rant for tourists Si demanded that his St faculty of Columbia. As I think back on it, he actors, contracts, and material, as against fashionable. Little did I know at the time that Peter’s fish “should not be overcooked!!” The was the only member of the Columbia symbolic, gain, but especially the freedom of my academic career would become entwined waitress kept saying “Yes, Yes,” though she pantheon with whom I at least could feel markets. His analysis of the regulative role of with Si’s. I was present at the beginning of his had no idea what he wanted and even if she entirely, and always, at ease. third parties in exchange is more far-reaching teaching career at Wayne and when he left did, she had no control over the cooking- time He was absolutely open, frank, and warm than even Blau’s or Coleman’s. It is inquiring, Wayne to start his career at Columbia I was of hundreds of fish regulated by a computer. at a personal level. He discussed ideas, questioning, questing, never satisfied with the there as a graduate student. During the mid- It so happened, that many years after my always listening, always arguing, always easy answer: Intended as a summing up, it span of his career, I returned to Columbia as oral exams I was helping Si with his Hebrew— inte-res-ting. He never pontificated. He was a raises more questions than it answers. But his colleague. In the last several years of his now I was the teacher and he the student. As learner. In the 50 years since then, he never lost what it does sum up is the endlessly creative life, he, my wife, and I would spend long in other endeavors he was a perfectionist. His those qualities. career of the man. hours over the phone reminiscing. ability to learn this strange and difficult He made his noteworthy and noted Morris Zelditch, Jr., Stanford University Si’s orientation to life remained unchanged language was amazing, and so was his contributions in the study of the family, seen 10 JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES
NSF, from page 4 Goode, from page 7
Carolina State University, “Establishment Gorski, Philip, and Daniel Diaz, Univer- many countries, including China, India, There are many sociologists who feel Change in Gender and Race/Ethnic sity of Wisconsin-Madison, “The Charac- Japan, Korea, France, Italy, Spain, Mexico, that Si Goode was uniquely theirs—their Segregation and Access to Managerial ter of Civil Society Organizational Life in Sweden, Germany, and Yugoslavia. He special professor, trusted colleague, or and Craft Occupations, 1966-1999,” Two Venezuelan Cities: State Decentrali- was Visiting Professor at the newly loving friend. He was. And because he $91,065. zation and the Dynamics of Change,” opened Free University of Berlin in 1954; was, his death is an immeasurable loss. Vardigan, Mary, University of Michi- jointly funded by the Office of Interna- a visitor at Wolfson College, Oxford One can easily imagine Si’s raging at gan, “The Data Documentation Initiative tional Science and Engineering, $12,500. University, in 1980 (where he played on the cosmos for the unfairness of being (DDI) Version 1.1,” jointly funded with Gould, Roger, and Sylvai Mitraud, Yale the college tennis team); distinguished stolen away from us in the prime of his the Methodology, Measurement and University, “Social Mobilization and guest lecturer for the Chinese Academy life. He was 85, but an 85 going on 50. Statistics Program, $31,066. Change in Conservation and Develop- of Science in 1986; and Visiting Professor And he had so much more to do! Zimmer, Catherine, University of North ment Projects: A Comparative Study in at Hebrew University in Jerusalem in But then, the Si who was a realist Carolina-Chapel Hill, “Establishment Brazil,” $7,500. 1992-93. would have to admit that he had one hell Change in Gender and Race/Ethnic Gould, Roger, and Bastholm Mette Jensen, In 1994, when Si moved to Virginia of a glorious ride: he truly loved sociology Segregation and Access to Managerial Yale University, “Solidarity in Action: and George Mason University, he and was enriched by more than six and Craft Occupations, 1966-1999,” Collective Rescue Efforts in Nazi- announced he was going to be “a decades of intellectually challenging work; $27,697. Occupied Europe,” $7,500. mandarin” and allow himself time to he had 85 years of robust energy that Greenwood, Davydd, and Monica Ruiz- paint, sculpt, play the piano, create a carried him from the tops of mountains Dissertation Grants Casares, Cornell University, “Strengthen- garden, and improve his tennis. Si pursed on skis, to the ocean floor in scuba gear. Arrighi, Giovanni, and Ho-Fung Hung, ing the Capacity of Child-Headed each with great seriousness and intensity He lived to enjoy the applause for his Johns Hopkins University, “Dynamics of Households to Meet Their Own Needs: A (while continuing to publish in sociology.) achievements, the admiration for his Social Unrest in Early Qing China, 1645- Social Networks Approach,” $7,500. He took on new challenges by studying integrity, and the love and affection of 1795,” $7,500. Hao, Lingxin, and Guihua Xie, Johns Hebrew, a fiendishly difficult language, countless students, friends, and family, for Bean, Frank, and Jeanne Batalova, Hopkins University, “Market Transition hiking through Tuscany and the simply being who he was. University of California-Irvine, “Crossing of Xiagang Workers in Urban China,” Galapagos, and waging daily battles with His contributions will continue to Borders in the Information Age: The $7,500. his computer. enrich the field of sociology, and many of Impact of Highly Skilled Migrants on U.S. Hochschild, Arlie, and Allison Pugh, William J. Goode’s scholarship was us will carry his voice with us for decades ❑ Labor Market Outcomes,” $5,165. University of California-Berkeley, honored by numerous awards and prizes to come. Bidwell, Charles, and Robert Petrin, “Caring Consumption: Negotiated including election to the American University of Chicago, “Credentials and Meanings of Childrearing and the Academy of Arts and Sciences; two Markets: An Inquiry into the Structure of Market,” $7,500. Guggenheim fellowships; an honorary William J. Goode’s family has Practice,” $4,480. James, Sherman, and Edna Viruell- Doctorate of Science, Upsala, 1971; an decided to honor him by Blee, Kathleen, and Connie Oxford, Fuentes, University of Michigan, “Mexican NIMH Senior Scientist Career Award; the establishing a fellowship for University of Pittsburgh, “Gender-Based Immigration and Health: The Role of Merit Award for a lifetime of scholarship graduate students engaged in Persecution in Asylum Policy and Law in Transnational Social Networks,” $7,500. from the Eastern Sociological Association cross-cultural dissertation the United States,” $7,356. Keister, Lisa, and Jin Lu, Ohio State and the Family section of the ASA; the research. They would welcome University, “Social Welfare Reform and Its MacIver Prize for the best scholarly book Brents, Barbara, and Pete Simi, Univer- contributions to the ASA for sity of Nevada-Las Vegas, “Adult Impact on Chinese Firms During Eco- given by ASA, and the Burgess Award in nomic Transition,” $7,450. 1969. the William J. Goode interna- Consequences of Participation in Youth tional fellowship. Send dona- Subculture,” $7,500. Kestnbaum, Meyer, and Elena Goode served as President of the Burawoy, Michael, and Jeffrey Sallaz, Vinogradova, University of Maryland- Sociological Research Association; and tions clearly noted for this University of California-Berkeley, College Park, “Organizational Responses President of the Eastern Sociological purpose to the ASA Executive “Gambling with Development: The Birth to State Failure: Small Russian Firms and Society. In 1982 the ASA’s Family Section Office at 1307 New York of Casino Industries in South Africa and Their Attempts to Cope with the Strange named its annual scholarly award for the Avenue NW, #700, Washing- California United States,” jointly funded New World,” $7,500. outstanding book on the family in his ton, DC 20005. by the Office of International Science and Lamont, Michele, and Joshua Guetzkow, honor. Engineering, $12,050. Princeton University, “Explaining Calhoun, Craig, and Emma Naughton, Changes in Criminal Justice and Social New York University, “Reconstruction Welfare Policies in the American States, and Its Discontents: Post-Conflict Urban 1965-1985,” $7,500. Renewal in Beirut,” $7,500. Lamont, Michele, and Molnar Virag, Immigrant Racial Identity,” $7,500. Environmental Movement,” $6,438. Cancian, Francesca, and Jeanie Princeton University, “Architects and the Powell, Brian, and Chadwick Menning, Steinmetz, George, Cynthia Idriss, Neddleman, University of California- Puzzle of State Socialist Modernization: Indiana University, “Nonresident University of Michigan, “Political Con- Irvine, “Domestic Violence and the Architectural Discourse in Hungary and Parenting Practices, Gender, and Adoles- sciousness and Young People’s Life Family Man: Courtroom and Community East Germany After the Second World cent Outcomes,” $7,500. Narratives: In-depth Profiles of Radical Narrative About Domestically Violent War,” $7,500. Rawls, Anne, and Derek Coates, Wayne Right,” $7,500. Fathers in Rural, Urban and Suburban Massey, Douglas, and Danielle Kane, State University, “Social Order and the Thoits, Peggy, and Koji Ueno, Vanderbilt Settings,” jointly funded with the Law University of Pennsylvania, “Social Construction of Meaning in Social University, “Friendship Integration and and Social Science Program, $12,000. Networks and Values,” $6,800. Interaction: Troubled Communication Adolescent Mental Health,” $7,500. Carley, Kathleen, and Eleanor Lewis, McCarthy, John, and Erik Johnson, Between Sighted and Partially Sighted/ Tilly, Charles, and Valiani Arafaat, Carnegie Mellon University, “Talking the Pennsylvania State University, “Research Blind People,” $7,215. Columbia University, “Religious Nation- Talk: Isomorphism in Organizational on the Dynamics of Issue Agenda Change Rindfuss, Ronald, and Karen Guzzo, alism and Urban Space in Western India Discourse,” $2,250. Among a Population of Social Movement University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, (1969-2002),” $7,416. Clemens, Elizabeth, and Robert Wade, Organizations 1960-2000,” 7,496. “How Do Marriage Market Conditions Troyer, Lisa, and C. Brakefield-Younts, University of Arizona, “The Impact of McCarthy, John, and Andrew Martin, Affect Entrance into Cohabitation vs. University of Iowa, “The Effects of Model Nongovernmental Organizations and Pennsylvania State University, “Doctoral Marriage,” $3,340. Status and Collective Validation on the State-Civil Society Relations on National Dissertation Improvement Grant: Putting Robinson, Robert, and Robyn Ryle, Enactment and Cultural Transmission of Development,” $6,271. the Organization back in Organizing: The Indiana University, “Community and Deviance,” $7,497. Crane-Herve, Diana, and Vida Bajc, Role of Union Capacity in NLRB Certifica- Rapid Growth in Burlington, Kentucky,” Vickerman, Milton, and Kenneth Oman, University of Pennsylvania, “Mediating tion Elections,” $7,500. $7,410. University of Virginia, “Framing the the Divide: Israeli Guides on Christian Mizruchi, Mark, and Mina Yoo, Univer- Rogers, Richard, and Patrick Krueger, Picture, Racial Profiling and the Public Tours to Jerusalem,” $7,500. sity of Michigan, “Social Networks and University of Colorado-Boulder, “Physical Discourse,” $2,770. Dowd, Timothy, and Maureen Blyer, Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Silicon Activity and Aging in the United States,” Waters, Mary, and Tomas Jimenez, Emory University, “The New Economy Valley,” $7,500. $4,836. Harvard University, “The Effects of Magazine Market: Cultural, Structural, Molotch, Harvey, and Jason Patch, New Rountree, Pamela, and Shayne Jones, Mexican Immigration on Mexican and Economic Factors in the Advent and York University, “Fashioning Gent- University of Kentucky, “Putting the American Ethnicity,” $7,500. Acceptance of a New Cultural Product rification: The New Role of Women as Person into Context: An Integration of Waters, Mary, and Wendy Roth, Market,” $7,427. Entrepreneurs and Public Character,” Personality and Social Disorganization Harvard University, “Racial Identity at Gerstel, Naomi, and Amy Armenia, $7,498. Theory,” $7,414. Home and Abroad: Its Impact on Puerto University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Murray, Martin, and Clara Olmedo, Saenz, Rogelio, and Maria Morales, Texas Ricans’ and Dominicans’ Social Networks “Child Care Workers in Context: A Study SUNY-Binghamton, “The Role of State A&M, “Ethnic Niches, Pathway to and Economic Mobility,” $7,500. of Family Day Care Providers in Illinois,” Regulations in the Process of Economic Incorporation or Exploitation?: Western, Bruce, and Nina Bandelj, $6,978. Informalization of Labor in Argentina. Labor Market Experiences of Latina/os,” Princeton University, “Embedded Goodwin, Jeffrey, and La Dawn Haglund, The Case of La Rioja, 1991-2001,” $7,500. $7,500. Economies, Foreign Direct Investment in New York University “State Autonomy, Neubeck, Kenneth, and Beth Merenstei, Smith, Jackie, and Fletcher Winston, Central and Eastern Europe,” $7,500. ❑ Accountability, and Utility Privatization in University of Connecticut, “Racial SUNY-Stony Brook, “Choose Your Costa Rica and Nicaragua,” $7,500. Reproduction: The Relationship Between Friends Wisely: Relational Ties and the Immigrant Racial Knowledge and Channeling of Tactical Choice in the JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES 11
26th Annual North American Labor His- carious victims (e.g., mothers, daughters of women in international scientific re- Environmental Justice: Partnerships for Call for Papers tory Conference, Wayne State University, of victims of violence). Contact: Cynthia L. search by helping establish new research Communication (ES-03-007). The National October 21-23, 2004. Theme: “Class, Work Line, Department of Law and Justice Stud- partnerships with colleagues in Europe, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences CONFERENCES and Revolution.” The program committee ies, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Newly Independent States of the former (NIEHS)
Funding 2004. Information and an application are The Robert Wood Johnson Health & Soci- RESEARCHTALK, INC. available at
Funding, continued The Carrie Chapman Catt Prize for Re- campus and promoting service-learning Jersey Herald News about changes in atti- have completed doctoral training in disci- search on Women and Politics is designed nationally. Among those selected were four In the News tudes on interracial relationships, and the plines ranging from behavioral, social, to encourage and reward scholars embark- sociologists: Jose Calderone, Pitzer College; Charleston Post and Courier on discrimina- biological, and natural sciences to health ing on significant research in the area of Mark Chesler, University of Michigan; Sam Mounira M. Charrad, University of Texas- tion directed at black motorcyclists in professions are eligible. Up to 18 scholars women and politics. The prize includes a Marullo, Georgetown University, Susan Austin, was interviewed by Weekly Public Myrtle Beach. will be selected to begin training in $1,000 cash award for each project selected. Ostrander, Tufts University. Affairs Program, KLRU Austin Public Broad- August or September 2004 at one of Honorable mention prizes of $500 per casting Station about her book, States and Kathleen Gerson, New York University, six nationally prominent universities: project are sometimes awarded. In addi- William V. D’Antonio, Catholic Univer- Women’s Rights: The Making of Postcolonial wrote an op-ed column on working fami- Columbia University, Harvard Univer- tion to the cash prize, recipients may be sity of America and former ASA Executive Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco (University of lies in American society in the May 11 New sity, University of California-San Fran- invited to Iowa State University to present Officer, received an Honorary Doctor of California Press, 2001). York Times. Also mentioned in the article cisco and Berkeley, University of Michi- an overview of their research. Proposals Humane Letters from St. Michaels Univer- were sociologists Suzanne Bianchi, Uni- gan, University of Pennsylvania, and must be postmarked by October 1, sity for his work as a Catholic intellectual. Scott Coltrane, University of California- versity of Maryland, and Jerry A. Jacobs, University of Wisconsin. Application 2003. Scholars at any level, including He was also honored by the District of Riverside, was quoted in the May 7, 2003, University of Pennsylvania. deadline: October 15, 2003. Contact: graduate students and junior faculty mem- Columbia Sociological Society with its Mor- Christian Science Monitor about stay-at- Barry Glassner, University of Southern (800) 734-7635 or e-mail [email protected]. bers, can apply. Three copies of a detailed ris Rosenberg Award for recent achieve- home dads and changing gender and pa- California, was interviewed live on CNN
In the News, continued project will evaluate a $100-million federal Glenn Firebaugh, Pennsylvania State Uni- H. Wesley Perkins, Hobart and William People initiative to improve the post-release out- versity, The New Geography of Global Income Other Publications Smith Colleges, was interviewed about comes of prisoners among criminal justice, Inequality (Harvard University Press, 2003). his work developing the social norms ap- Barbara Entwisle, University of North Caro- employment, education, health, and hous- Esther Chow, American University, is guest proach to substance abuse prevention and lina-Chapel Hill, delivered a lecture, “So- ing dimensions. Benjamin Gregg, University of Texas-Aus- editor of the upcoming special issue of the health promotion on the Australian Broad- cial Networks and Internal Migration: The tin, Thick Moralities, Thin Politics: Social In- journal International Sociology with the casting Company’s Radio National Break- Case of Nang Ron, Thailand,” sponsored Janet Wilmoth, Syracuse University, was tegration Across Communities of Belief (Duke theme, “Gender, Globalization, and Social fast Show on April 23. He was also inter- by the National Institutes of Health Office awarded a grant from the National Insti- University Press, 2003); Coping In Politics Change in the 21st Century.” The issue viewed about his work in Syracuse TV’s of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research tutes of Health, National Institute on Ag- With Indeterminate Norms: A Theory of En- will be published in September. ABC News on March 10. on June 17. ing for research titled, “Health, Social Sup- lightened Localism (SUNY Press, 2003). port and Housing Transitions.” David Popenoe, Rutgers University, was Susan Farrell, has been appointed co-di- Kwang-ki Kim, Sung Kyun Kwan Uni- quoted in a May 24 New York Times article rector of the Women’s Studies Program at versity, Order and Agency in Modernity: Deaths on the rise in Disney weddings and the Kingsborough, CUNY. Talcott Parsons, Erving Goffman, and Harold changing traditions of weddings. Members’ New Garfinkel (State University of New York Herbert J. Gans, Columbia University, de- Press, 2003). Albert Biderman, Mclean,VA, died June John Skrentny, University of California- livered the Commencement Address for the Books 16. San Diego, was mentioned in a May 2 Graduate School of Fine Arts. Rebecca S. Kraus, U.S. Department of Jus- Nati Cohen, wife of professor Albert Cohen, syndicated opinion column by George Will tice, Minor League Baseball: Community John P. Bartkowski, Mississippi State Uni- died on March 29. She was a frequent at- on the topic of affirmative action. Barbara Hetrick is the new chief academic Building Through Hometown Sports officer at Catawba College in North Caro- versity, The Promise Keepers: Servants, Sol- (Haworth Press, 2003). tendee at sociology and criminology meet- Rodney Stark, University of Washington- lina. diers, and Godly Men (Rutgers University ings. Condolences may be sent to Dr. Seattle, published an opinion piece in the Press, 2003). H. Wesley Perkins, Hobart and William Cohen at 3405 Florida Street #206. San Di- June 6 Chronicle of Higher Education on the Robert Mark Silverman will be joining the Smith Colleges, (editor), The Social Norms ego, CA 92104. John P. Bartkowski, Mississippi State Uni- importance of the study of gods in social faculty of SUNY-Buffalo as an Associate Pro- Approach to Preventing School and College versity, and Helen A. Regis, Louisiana State Sandra S. Tangri, Howard University, scientific study of religion, history, and fessor in the Department of Urban and Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educa- University, Charitable Choices: Religion, died June 11. civilization. Regional Planning effective August 2003. tors, Counselors, and Clinicians (Jossey-Bass, Race, and Poverty in the Post-Welfare Era (New 2003). Doris Wilkinson, University of Kentucky, David A. Sonnenfeld, Washington State York University Press, 2003). was quoted in a May 6 New York Times University, has been appointed to the In- Leila J. Rupp, University of California- Francesca M. Cancian, University of Cali- article about a rural slave jail in Kentucky ternational Advisory Board of the Environ- Santa Barbara, and Verta Taylor, Univer- Obituaries fornia-Irvine, Demie Kurz, University of being turned into a museum dedicated to mental Research Network Asia (ERNAsia), sity of California-Santa Barbara, Drag an independent institution which aims to Pennsylvania, Andrew S. London, Syra- Queens at the 801 Cabaret (University of freedom; and in an Associated Press ar- Wilbur B. Brookover bring together scholars and professionals cuse University, Rebecca Reviere, Howard Chicago Press, 2003). ticle about her public humanities project, (1911–2003) from various parts of the world who share a University, and Mary C. Tuominen (eds.) “The African American Barbershop from Wilbur Bone Brookover, professor of so- common interest in environmental issues Child Care and Inequality: Re-Thinking Kent L. Sandstrom, University of North- the Era of ‘Jim Crow’ to Desegregation.” ciology, social studies, education, and ur- in the Asian region. Carework for Children and Youth (Routledge, ern Iowa, Daniel D. Martin, Miami Uni- ban and metropolitan studies at Michigan Alan Wolfe, Boston College, authored an 2002). versity of Ohio, Gary Alan Fine, North- State University (MSU) and former mayor opinion piece in the May 30 Chronicle of Christy A. Visher, Urban Institute, is the western University, Symbols, Selves, and Richard Felson, Pennsylvania State Uni- of East Lansing, died April 6, 2003, after a Higher Education, on the merits of the prac- recipient of a $3.2-million award from the Social Reality: A Symbolic Interactionist Ap- versity, Violence and Gender Reexamined long illness. He was born on March 30, tice of using pseudonyms for real places U.S. Department of Justice as a co-principal proach to Social Psychology and Sociology (American Psychological Association, 1911, to Guy Brookover and Erma Mae in sociological and anthropological re- investigator and subgrantee with the Re- (Roxbury Publishing Company, 2003). 2002). Bone Brookover, on the family farm in In- search. search Triangle Institute. The five-year Gregory D. Squires, George Washington diana. University, (editor), Organizing Access to After receiving his BA from Manchester Capital: Advocacy and the Democratization of College in 1933, he taught social studies Financial Institutions (Temple University and coached basketball at local high schools Press, 2003). in Indiana (1933–38), while beginning graduate studies at the University of Wis- Dana Beth Winberg, Brandeis University, consin, where he received his MA in 1939 Code Green: Money-Driven Hospitals and the and his PhD in 1943. He taught at Butler Dismantling of Nursing (Cornell Univer- University and Indiana State Teachers’ Col- sity Press, 2003). lege before entering the U.S. Navy, where he served as a Civil Readjustment Officer in the Educational Service Program at the U.S. Naval Hospital. Other Wilbur joined the Michigan State Uni- versity (MSU) faculty in 1946, where he Organizations served in a series of administrative posi- tions over the years. He received the Dis- The Institute of Social Research at the Indi- tinguished Faculty Award at MSU in 1978, ana University-Bloomington Department and two Crystal Apple Awards (1995, 1997) of Sociology has been renamed after a dis- from the College of Education. tinguished professor emeritus. The Karl F. Wilbur’s research focused on the rela- Schuessler Institute for Social Research tionship between academic self-concept recognizes the contributions of the long- and school achievement, with particular time IU faculty member. attention to how school social environments affect the academic success of students. It is The Commission on Applied and Clinical important to note that Brookover was rec- Sociology (CACS) will conduct training ognized as an early pioneer in the effec- for individuals who are interested in serv- tive schools research movement. Consis- ing as a member of a CACS Accreditation tent with his interest in maximizing effec- Review Committee (ARC). An ARC con- tive academic environments for all chil- ducts the accreditation review process for dren, he testified in the Topeka Federal any applicant program seeking accredita- Court (1952) as an expert witness for the tion from the Commission on Applied and NAACP’s Legal Defense and Educational Clinical Sociology. This training is set for Fund, on Brown vs. Board of Education of August 19, 2003, in Atlanta at the hotel of Topeka. He later served as a court monitor the Sociological Practice Association annual in desegregation cases in several districts meetings. Anyone interested should con- throughout the United States. tact Joyce Iutcovich at [email protected]. Upon learning of Wilbur’s death, M. Belinda Tucker, a UCLA colleague of The Commission on Applied and Clinical Wilbur’s daughter, said, “I feel so honored Sociology has accredited the Undergradu- and blessed to have been in his sphere of ate Concentration in Applied and Clinical influence—but, of course, every African Sociology at Valdosta State University. American child educated in the United The program has an exceptionally well- States after 1954 is firmly in that sphere as organized and well-administered intern- well.” ship component. Excellent relations exist A lifelong member of the ASA, Wilbur with the community and community-based was former chair of the Sociology of Educa- organizations in which interns work and tion Section and, in 1986, was the first re- graduates find employment. Faculty are cipient of the section’s Willard Waller Award actively engaged in practice and bring that for Distinguished Scholarship. That he was experience into the classroom and the com- the initial recipient of this award was en- munity. The program has a sound curricu- tirely appropriate, given his early self-iden- lum that clearly instills sensitivity to pro- tification with and long-term contribution fessional, ethical, and practical issues that to the sociology of education. Indeed, Rob- applied and clinical sociologists encounter. ert Dreeben identified him as one of the Students receive a thorough grounding in field’s defining intellects, citing his 1949 theory, methods, and substantive courses paper, “Sociology of Education: A Defini- in sociology. The Commission was formed tion” and his 1955 textbook, A Sociology of in 1995 by the Society for Applied Sociol- Education. ogy and the Sociological Practice Associa- He served as associate editor of Sociology tion. Valdosta State joins undergraduate of Education, president of the Ohio Valley programs at St. Cloud State (MN) and Our Sociological Society, and president of the Lady of the Lake (TX) as accredited pro- Michigan Educational Research Council. grams. Continued on next page 14 JULY/AUGUST 2003 FOOTNOTES
Obituaries, continued threw him off. I drove the rest of the way. Donna Kelleher Darden received a BA Washington, DC 20005, 800-507-7007, cal science two years later, and in 1961 a In 1967, Wilbur was elected to the East I don’t remember if it was that day or some- in French from Agnes Scott College in 1963,
Obituaries, continued neutrality and bias, or of certainty and dents and colleagues who will miss her nar we “created” social facts. In the Simmel, experiences etched into him, he returned and a founding member of the Society for uncertainty, to establish the public legiti- always. Taggart and Wittgenstein seminars, we to finish his doctoral work that would ex- macy of the conflicting accounts they pro- grappled with the social foundations of lan- plore how racial differences in academic Social Studies of Science. Her scholarly in- Susan Lindee, University of Pennsylvania terests ranged from her early work on pan- vided of the natural world. She was by no guage; we traveled to the U.S. Air Force performance might be explained, but more Africanism and on migrant laborers, to stud- means a relativist—her work was highly Edward Louis Rose Academy’s computer “translation” pro- importantly, he learned how to significantly ies of nuclear power, technological risk, sympathetic to the concerns of the scien- (1909-2002) gram—this in 1959! And, in the interdisci- reduce such differences by structuring controversies, creationism, medical diag- tific community, and she testified against plinary Atomic Energy seminar, he intro- classrooms differently. He was intent on During his 91st nostics and, most recently, the impact of the creationists in the 1982 Arkansas trial year, Edward Rose wrote duced a fledging sociology of science into effecting real changes in racial disparities corporate culture on biomedicine. In an (McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education). But a record of how he would like to be re- the department—and into the university that he knew deeply were constructed by extraordinarily productive and rich career, she recognized that such public debates membered: Psychologist, Soldier, Editor, wide-ranging conversations between local social forces that could be empirically iden- she was the author, co-author, or editor of could reveal important tensions surround- Professor, Ethnographer, Artist and and visiting scientists, humanists, and so- tified and manipulated. He did not look 26 books. Threaded through all these ing the status of science in American cul- Thinker. This last identity—Thinker—he cial scientists. kindly on policies or practices that assumed works are her consistent concerns with ture. When she turned to studies of press claimed after he reached the (then) man- But my most cherished memories are the status quo to be natural, or highly re- power and technical knowledge, social jus- coverage of science, in Selling Science (Free- datory age for retirement. He had taught being a student in the first of his “Little sistant to change. tice, and human rights. man, 1987), again she explored the stakes in the University of Colorado’s Sociology World” and “Language” seminars, occa- Soon after completing his graduate work, Dorothy, called Dot by her friends, was that both sides had in the representation of Department for 33 years, established the sionally visited by Harold Garfinkel, and he joined the Department of Sociology at born on July 30, 1933, in Boston. She grew science stories in the mass media. Behavioral Science Institute, and pioneered the foundational basis for what became Western Washington University, where he up in Brookline, Massachusetts, the daugh- More recently, Dot had increasingly fo- ethnomethodology, ethnography, and known as “ethnomethodology.” stayed for nearly 30 years. Over this time ter of Henry L. Wolfers, who founded and cused on biomedicine, commercialism, and ethno-inquiries. These are his words about In the intervening 40 years, Edward and he chaired the department from 1989 to ran the Henry L. Wolfers lighting com- public culture. Her work with Larry his retirement: I have shared ideas, letters, and papers. 1994, published several academic papers pany in Boston. Her mother was a home- Tancredi, Dangerous Diagnostics (Basic, And so Edward was out of a job at age of One of his Blake prints hangs in my study. and chapters, including one of four chap- maker. Dot was the first in her family to 1989), and with me, The DNA Mystique 70. What could he possibly do for the rest He wrote of his pride in his daughter, ters comprising Evaluating Social Service attend college. She reported a childhood of (Freeman, 1995), explored the social and of his life? Edward could think of just one Carolyn Rose Gimian, her husband, James, Agencies, the best-selling book ever pub- avid reading, and sometimes joked about medical consequences of the scientific thing to do. He could indeed think of just and his granddaughter, Jenny. When I told lished by The W. E. Upjohn Institute for her own tendency as a young girl to fidg- claims made about diagnostic technologies one thing to do. And that was what he was him I had retired, he responded: “Good the Study of Employment and Training. ety, restless classroom behavior. In retro- and about genes. Her book with Lori doing at the time: that you have retired. You have many im- Also during this time he obtained 19 re- Edward was thinking. spect, that early energy and restlessness Andrews, Body Bazaar (Crown, 2001), looked portant things to do, and now, you have search grants or contracts for public-inter- foreshadowed a life of high-energy engage- at the economic value of bodily materials, No matter what Edward claims, though, more time to do them.” In the last letter he est research, and directed more than 120 ment and deep curiosity about the world. and the impact that this commercial net- he did not become a Thinker after retire- wrote me, he said, “If I were a student, surveys. After nearly 20 years in the de- She earned her bachelor’s degree in phi- work has on both patients and scientists. ment, he just had more time to be what he now, I would like to work with you—and partment of sociology, Carl assumed the losophy at Cornell University in 1954. By Dot’s work was widely cited and she had always been: A man who melded ana- then go to Europe and try to learn to speak position of Director of Institutional Re- the time she graduated, she had already received many honors, including a lytical and creative practices. He was French, German, Italian and Chinese…I’m search. In this position, he produced over met and married physicist-in-training Guggenheim Fellowship in 1984, the J.D. learned in the social sciences—BA in an- still painting…I’m 92 and shouldn’t be 70 technical reports that dealt in some way Mark Nelkin, with whom she was to enjoy Bernal Award of the Society for the Social thropology (Berkeley, 1931), MA in social here…. Do write again with words about with the institutional complexities of the a marriage of more than 50 years, many of Studies of Science in 1988, the John institutions (under Kroeber, Berkeley, your work and your life….” contemporary university. The professional those years at Cornell. McGovern Award of the American Medi- 1935), and a PhD in Economics (Stanford, From the first words he spoke to me to legacy that Carl leaves is one of unques- The early marriage was spent in full- cal Writers Association in 1999, and elec- 1942). He created prize-winning watercol- the end of his life, Edward Rose, the stu- tioned commitment to quality matched by time motherhood, but Dot became inter- tion to the Institute of Medicine of the Na- ors, acrylics, etchings, mixed-media rep- dent of language, found the right words, an extraordinary level of productivity. ested in academic work after a stint as a tional Academy of Sciences in 1993. She resentations of Blake’s poetry, computer the words of inspiration that supported my In terms of formal degrees, Carl was a research assistant for a volume edited by was on editorial boards for journals in soci- art, line drawings of cats and folk; he de- life circumstances, encouraged my intel- sociologist. But his intellectual interests W.H. Friedland and Carl G. Rosenberg in ology, science studies, law, history and signed the landscape and house that he lectual and creative growth. He has pro- were never confined by the boundaries of 1964. She filled in when one of the con- public health. She participated as an advi- shared with his (now deceased) wife of 60 vided that life-long support to other stu- professional disciplines. He was a real and tributors dropped out, quickly writing a sor or consultant on projects in the United years, Evelyn, and their daughter Carolyn. dents, friends, colleagues, and academics passionate “theorist” along with being a paper on the socialist sources of pan-Afri- States, France, Canada, Israel, and Britain Entering that house was entering into an from around the world who have been technically astute and practical social sci- can ideology. She went on to complete sev- on questions raised by risk assessment, aesthetic sensibility that charmed, amused, drawn to his astonishing gifts of engage- entist. He was committed to finding ways eral other papers on Africa, on labor in privacy, science and the media, and surprised. After his retirement, he ment. I think I speak for them in writing of to create change. His many surveys exem- Africa, and then, her first book, on mi- Huntington’s disease, gene enhancement, wrote voluminously—unconventional, gratitude for the good fortune of having plify his belief that such instruments are The grant labor in New York State, On the Sea- and data ownership. philosophically visionary works (e.g., known Edward Rose—an extraordinary half technical and half art. His assistance to Werald The Worulde son (Cornell, 1970). She greatly enjoyed working with co- and ), through which teacher, life-mentor, and creative spirit. I community agencies reflected his commit- Dot never earned a masters or a PhD. authors and collaborating with people who he developed a following in Europe. Into am forever thankful for being a part of the ment to social service. Carl’s dissertation She simply pursued questions that inter- brought a different perspective to the work. his 90s, he was writing, publishing, con- “world he worded” into being. on how young children come to form self- versing, painting, drawing, and thinking. ested her, writing papers and books that Her collaborators over the years included Laurel Richardson, Professor Emeritus, Ohio conceptions of their ability, known as abil- So, I will name Edward “Examplar.” He attracted international attention. Within a legal scholars, historians, artists, and soci- State University ity formation theory, was novel and chal- very short time she was a research associ- ologists. When she died she had, as usual, is an examplar of how to construct a life lenging. It became a basis for successful ate and then a tenured professor at Cornell multiple projects underway. She was wrap- that resists the temptations of repetitious Carl H. Simpson experiments in schools that sought to re- (in the early 1970s). In 1989 she moved to ping up her forthcoming book with the research, theoretical pabulum, teaching by (1944-2003) duce racial differences in academic achieve- New York University, where she became artist Suzanne Anker, The Molecular Gaze, rote, and ivory towerism—a life instead ment. Only a few in academic work trans- Carl Simpson passed away in late Janu- a chaired professor. Her rise through the (Cold Spring Harbor), which looks at the that invites rigorous inquiry, expansion of late their doctoral dissertations into real ary of this year after a struggle with can- academic hierarchy was rapid and uncon- ways that elite artists have drawn on im- one’s intellectual palate, caring about stu- and meaningful change. At the end of his cer. He was born in San Francisco and raised ventional, and like many outstanding schol- ages and ideas from molecular biology to dents, and respect for the imagination, in- life, he was working on another theory, in mostly rural Hillsboro, Oregon. During ars she did not quite fit any of the standard critique commercial culture. She and I were tuition, and spirit. how brain development is impacted by summers he worked picking berries and disciplinary molds. Her status as a sociolo- also revising the introduction and the con- Let me give you a sense of what it was and interactive with social environments. later in construction in Orange County with gist was a rough approximation. Dot was clusion of our earlier work on DNA in like to study with Edward, which I had the The pursuit of truth was not an abstract his uncle. In high school he was head of a better understood as a unique thinker and American popular culture, for a reissue. good fortune of doing in 1958-62. In the ideal for Carl; it was a mandate to follow. debate team that won more awards than public intellectual with the ability to dis- Dot was an avid bicyclist who cycled social change seminar, he posed the onto- any sports team in Hillsboro; Carl himself John Richardson and Karen Bradley, Western sect complicated public debates in produc- around Manhattan almost every day. With logical question: “What’s change? How can won 32 separate titles. As a senior he was Washington University-Bellingham tive ways. her husband Mark she participated in bik- you study it?” In the Talcott Parsons semi- elected student body president and was The debates she focused on often illumi- ing vacations around the world. She was nar, he required the students to transform valedictorian. Carl always felt that some nated the status and meaning of technical also in love with Manhattan, and took full Parsons’ theories into three pages of propo- force of luck rather than a depth of ability knowledge in public culture. Her work on advantage of the cultural opportunities it sitions, and then, to make a lexicon, not- enabled him to go to college, and this luck Classified Ads creation science, The Creation Controversy offered, keeping up with the art world and ing which of Parson’s concepts were new sent him to an environment that he feared (Norton, 1982), is a case in point. Rather enjoying the diversity of the intellectual words for old meanings, old words for new would be in such contrast to his rural than adopting a model of “warfare” be- life around NYU. She is survived by her meanings, and new words with new mean- Academic editing for social scientists by Hillsboro that he would not last. But he tween science and religion, she looked criti- husband Mark, daughter Lisa and grand- ings. (In my lexicon, there were no words Donna Maurer, PhD (sociology). Please received the four-year Alfred P. Sloan Fel- cally at how both sides used notions of daughter Erica, and by many friends, stu- in the last category.) In the Durkheim semi- see my website at
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