DOCSLIB.ORG

Static and Metaprogramming Patterns and Static Frameworks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Static and Metaprogramming Patterns and Static Frameworks Static and Metaprogramming Patterns and Static Frameworks A Catalog. An Application Philipp Bachmann Institute for Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Clarastrasse 12 CH–4058 Basel, BS Switzerland [email protected] ABSTRACT Windows NT, UNIX The classic UNIX principle to write code that generates code instead of writing this code yourself [48, Chapters 1,9] is General Terms experiencing a revival. Much research was done, the tech- Design niques are better understood now, and the generation tools were refined. This pattern catalog consists of adaptations of the Gang of Keywords Four design patterns [27] Abstract Factory, Adapter, Strat- Design pattern, generative programming, generic program- egy, and Visitor to the metaprogramming level. It shows ming, metaprogramming, portability, software product lines, that replacing runtime polymorphism by static polymor- static polymorphism, template, template specialization phism helps to lift variation from the code level up to the meta level, where it might more naturally belong to. Some of the patterns proposed are especially useful for facilitating 1. OVERVIEW portable code. Code generation can help to assemble a series of applica- The patterns shown can be used to build static Frame- tions from the same set of separate parts at compile time, to works [50]. A simple example is also presented. explicitly represent the construction plan in the generation For all patterns proposed we identified usage examples in software, and to allow for future adaptations by changing the popular existing applications or libraries. construction plan. Generative programming [17] provides Each pattern presentation is accompanied with an exam- another way to deal with variation additionally to patterns ple. These examples show sample code in C++. The tem- based on runtime polymorphism. Domain specific languages plate metaprogramming capabilities of C++ [2, 17, 65] allow (DSLs) describe how a system should be generated. If gener- us to express both the program and the meta program in the ative programming is available and understood, some points same programming language. of variation can be moved up from the generated software into the DSL. This often leads to better optimization oppor- tunities. Categories and Subject Descriptors The author identified patterns on the metaprogramming C.4 [Computer Systems Organization]: Performance level. His goal was to centralize the configuration and to of Systems—Modeling techniques; D.2.11 [Software En- reduce the need for conditional compilation. gineering]: Software Architectures—Domain–specific ar- Table 1 lists the patterns proposed. chitectures, Patterns; D.3.2 [Programming Languages]: With generative programming at hand the recurring prob- Language Classifications—C++, Multiparadigm languages; lem of software portability can be solved in an appropriate D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and more elegant way than without. The patterns Static and Features—Abstract Data Types, Frameworks, Polymor- Adapter and Static Abstract Type Factory especially aim at phism; D.4.0 [Operating Systems]: General—Microsoft portability. Usually portability means cross–platform porta- bility. Portability also has a temporal aspect. The availabil- A preliminary version of this paper was workshopped at the 13th Pattern ity of a product for many platforms and for long periods Languages of Programs (PLoP) conference 2006. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for of time can provide a significant competitive advantage. So personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are this pattern catalog also assists you in both understanding not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies variability necessary for portable applications and filling the bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to gaps where supportive libraries are not available or cannot republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific be used. permission. Copyright 2006, 2007 is held by the author and the Institute for The presentation of each pattern follows the style well Medical Informatics and Biostatistics. PLoP ’06, October 21–23, 2006, Portland, OR, USA. known from [13] and [54]. Additionally, each pattern de- ACM 978-1-60558-151-4/06/10. scription contains a twofold statement: Table 1: Pattern–Thumbnails of Static and Metaprogramming Patterns Section Title Intent 3 Static Strategy Delegate certain tasks an object needs to perform to another object. Allow the delegation to be chosen statically. 4 Static Visitor Encapsulate operations that should be applied to all elements of an object structure in a separate object. Adding new operations becomes easier then. Different from the Visitor pattern the Static Visitor pattern does not depend on runtime polymorphism at all. It shifts the dependency cycle present in the original Visitor design pattern from the program to the meta program. 5 Static Adapter Adapt a series of different interfaces to a common interface. The choice of which interface is actually to be adapted can be done at compile time. 6 Static Abstract Type The Static Abstract Type Factory provides an extensible means to associate Factory expressions in the domain specific language with application data types. 7 Static Framework Portable code must meet performance requirements on each platform. Static Frameworks assist you in writing code that can be adapted more easily to multiple platforms while making sure that on each platform the application can fulfill its original purpose. 1. It presents a pattern on the meta level and 3.2 Intent 2. it shows how to move variation from the program to Delegate certain tasks an object needs to perform to an- the meta program. other object. Allow the delegation to be chosen statically. The overall pattern descriptions are such that they point 3.3 Example to the first statement, whereas contrasting the motivating Suppose that you need to implement a stack. The stack example with the respective implementation section points abstract data type itself does not depend on how exactly you to the second statement. memory is allocated. Suppose this independence should be The code examples are in the C++ programming lan- reflected by the design of the stack data structure to allow for guage, because its generative programming capabilities al- plugging in different allocation strategies, for example one low us to use it at both the base and meta levels. using allocation on the heap, one using allocation in shared memory segments, and another one allocating memory in 2. METAPROGRAMMING PATTERNS terms of memory mapped files. Traditionally such allocation code would be dynamically What can be said at all can be said clearly. added by means of the Strategy [32] design pattern as sketch- ed in Listing 1. Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein: Preface of Tractatus logico–philosophicus [71] Listing 1: Dynamically injecting an allocator into a stack struct AllocatorIf { The following four Sections 3 to 6 propose the use of gen- virtual ~AllocatorIf () {} erative and template metaprogramming techniques [2, 17, virtual void *allocate (std::size_t) =0; 65] to express classic patterns by the Gang of Four [27] on virtual void deallocate (void *) =0; the metaprogramming level. }; After reading these sections the reader will know how to struct NewAllocator : public AllocatorIf { refactor code to move points of variation from the base level void *allocate (std::size_t n) { to the metaprogramming level. return operator new(n); As domain specific languages (DSLs) statically describe a } system, using metaprogramming patterns can help with the void deallocate (void *p) throw() { design of portable code the same way as patterns help with operator delete(p); the design of the concrete implementation for one platform. } }; The Static Strategy (see Section 3) idea has been pub- lished as an implementation option of the Strategy design class IntStack { pattern before in [32]. We repeat it here in more detail be- AllocatorIf *allocator_ ; cause it is a good introduction to static and metaprogram- ... ming patterns. Metaprogramming variants of other Gang of public: Four patterns can be found e.g. in [17, pp 224–234]. explicit IntStack(AllocatorIf &a} : allocator_ (&a), ... {} ... 3. STATIC STRATEGY void pop() throw() { An instance or class based bahavioral pattern // Calls "allocator_->deallocate()" ... 3.1 Alsoknownas } void push(int data) { Policy [5, pp 27–51], [66, pp 429–436] // Calls "allocator_->allocate()" Strategy [32, pp 378–379] ... } • The decomposition into several parts should not result int top() const { in runtime overhead. // Returns topmost element, but don’t // remove it from the stack • The implementation details itself should be general ... enough to be reused in the context of other abstract } data types. }; The details of IntStack do not matter here. They are sim- 3.7 Solution ilar to the implementation shown below in Listing 3. An Separate an abstract data type into its essence and an implementation of the AllocatorIf interface is injected into exchangeable class or instance of another class to which it IntStack on construction. Note that different instances us- delegates implementation details. Define a concept for the ing different allocators do not differ in type. classes that represent these implementation details. Stat- Listing 2 shows how the parts proposed above work to- ically configure the abstract data type with the type of a gether to instantiate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ece351 Lab Manual
    DEREK RAYSIDE & ECE351 STAFF ECE351 LAB MANUAL UNIVERSITYOFWATERLOO 2 derek rayside & ece351 staff Copyright © 2014 Derek Rayside & ECE351 Staff Compiled March 6, 2014 acknowledgements: • Prof Paul Ward suggested that we look into something with vhdl to have synergy with ece327. • Prof Mark Aagaard, as the ece327 instructor, consulted throughout the development of this material. • Prof Patrick Lam generously shared his material from the last offering of ece251. • Zhengfang (Alex) Duanmu & Lingyun (Luke) Li [1b Elec] wrote solutions to most labs in txl. • Jiantong (David) Gao & Rui (Ray) Kong [3b Comp] wrote solutions to the vhdl labs in antlr. • Aman Muthrej and Atulan Zaman [3a Comp] wrote solutions to the vhdl labs in Parboiled. • TA’s Jon Eyolfson, Vajih Montaghami, Alireza Mortezaei, Wenzhu Man, and Mohammed Hassan. • TA Wallace Wu developed the vhdl labs. • High school students Brian Engio and Tianyu Guo drew a number of diagrams for this manual, wrote Javadoc comments for the code, and provided helpful comments on the manual. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) version 2.5 or greater. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ca/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Contents 0 Overview 9 Compiler Concepts: call stack, heap 0.1 How the Labs Fit Together . 9 Programming Concepts: version control, push, pull, merge, SSH keys, IDE, 0.2 Learning Progressions . 11 debugger, objects, pointers 0.3 How this project compares to CS241, the text book, etc. 13 0.4 Student work load . 14 0.5 How this course compares to MIT 6.035 .......... 15 0.6 Where do I learn more? .
    [Show full text]
  • Solid Code Ebook
    PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A Division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2009 by Donis Marshall and John Bruno All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2008940526 Printed and bound in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT 4 3 2 1 0 9 Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further infor mation about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress. Send comments to [email protected]. Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Active Desktop, Active Directory, Internet Explorer, SQL Server, Win32, Windows, Windows NT, Windows PowerShell, Windows Server, and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. This book expresses the author’s views and opinions. The information contained in this book is provided without any express, statutory, or implied warranties.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Studies of Programming Languages; Course Lecture Notes
    Comparative Studies of Programming Languages, COMP6411 Lecture Notes, Revision 1.9 Joey Paquet Serguei A. Mokhov (Eds.) August 5, 2010 arXiv:1007.2123v6 [cs.PL] 4 Aug 2010 2 Preface Lecture notes for the Comparative Studies of Programming Languages course, COMP6411, taught at the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada. These notes include a compiled book of primarily related articles from the Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [24], as well as Comparative Programming Languages book [7] and other resources, including our own. The original notes were compiled by Dr. Paquet [14] 3 4 Contents 1 Brief History and Genealogy of Programming Languages 7 1.1 Introduction . 7 1.1.1 Subreferences . 7 1.2 History . 7 1.2.1 Pre-computer era . 7 1.2.2 Subreferences . 8 1.2.3 Early computer era . 8 1.2.4 Subreferences . 8 1.2.5 Modern/Structured programming languages . 9 1.3 References . 19 2 Programming Paradigms 21 2.1 Introduction . 21 2.2 History . 21 2.2.1 Low-level: binary, assembly . 21 2.2.2 Procedural programming . 22 2.2.3 Object-oriented programming . 23 2.2.4 Declarative programming . 27 3 Program Evaluation 33 3.1 Program analysis and translation phases . 33 3.1.1 Front end . 33 3.1.2 Back end . 34 3.2 Compilation vs. interpretation . 34 3.2.1 Compilation . 34 3.2.2 Interpretation . 36 3.2.3 Subreferences . 37 3.3 Type System . 38 3.3.1 Type checking . 38 3.4 Memory management .
    [Show full text]
  • Deferred Cancellation
    Deferred Cancellation A behavioral pattern Philipp Bachmann Institute for Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Clarastrasse 12 CH–4058 Basel, BS Switzerland [email protected] ABSTRACT General Terms People who design their own pool of worker threads [33, Design pp 290–298] or processes have to consider how to shut down the workers again or how to dynamically adapt the num- Keywords ber of workers to varying load. Especially with regard to application termination you may have the choice between an Patterns, Destructor, Actor, Reliability, Portability immediate destruction of the pool and a more graceful shut- down. The pattern proposed helps to portably implement Sir, my need is sore. such termination and load adaptation mechanisms that as- Spirits that I’ve cited My commands ignore. sume you voted for the second choice. The main area of application are the internals of active objects [40] and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Sorcerer’s similar designs that delegate work to a pool of threads or Apprentice [23] processes to execute service requests asynchronously from their actual invocation. For the pattern proposed we identified usage examples in 1. INTENT popular existing applications or libraries. Safely shut down pools of worker threads [33, pp 290– Both a real world example and sample code accompany 298] or processes without resource leakages and premature the pattern presentation. This sample code is in C++. rollback of transactions. The design proposed aims at The presentation of the pattern follows the style portability. well known from [11] and [44]. This pattern is based upon other patterns. Typographic conventions for references to other patterns are similar to [3].
    [Show full text]
  • FORTH-ICS / TR 381 July 2006 'An Informal Proof on the Contradictory
    FORTH-ICS / TR 381 July 2006 ‘An Informal Proof on the Contradictory Role of Finalizers in a Garbage Collection Context’ Anthony Savidis ABSTRACT Garbage collection in OOP languages provides facilities to hook code that is executed upon object finalization. Semantically, the point in time that finalizer code is executed is not determined by the application logic, but by the garbage collection system. This fact renders a potential mismatch, since application-specific code, i.e. the finalizer implementation, normally affecting program state and control flow, is called automatically at a point in time that is indifferent to the application semantics. Although an analogous situation is observed in event-based systems, since event processors are called-back asynchronously by the underlying system, there is a fundamental difference: while event generation is essentially nondeterministic, originated from external event sources, object destruction is a semantic action that is always decided by applications. In summary, the mismatch is that although applications decide if and when destruction occurs, the garbage collector is responsible to commit the relevant code. We prove that this mismatch is due to the contradictory presence of finalizers in a garbage collection context. Page 1 Introduction Preface This technical report has been also motivated by requests from colleagues to report the informal proof for the contradictory role of finalizers in garbage collection, simply relying on informal common software engineering principles. Additionally, the reporting has been also motivated by arguments that came to my attention via personal communication that either the claim cannot be proved (I assume that “cannot prove” arguments are subject to formal proofs, so such arguments are more weak than the claim they attack), or that the claim is trivial requiring essentially no proof (intuitively true, but does not explain why Java, C#, Python, just to name a few languages, still adopt finalizers).
    [Show full text]
  • Sams Teach Yourself Visual C# 2010 in 24 Hours
    Praise for Sams Teach Yourself Visual C# 2010 in 24 Hours “The Teach Yourself in 24 Hours series of books from Sams has been a staple of anyone wanting to quickly come up-to-speed on a new technology. This book is not just a simple refresh of last year’s book, Scott has written it from the ground up for the Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4.0 release. From the C# type system, to events and data, from ASP.NET Web to WPF Windows applications, Sams Teach Yourself Visual C# 2010 in 24 Hours will provide any developer new to the C# language a great foundation to build upon.” —Shawn Weisfeld, Microsoft Visual C# MVP “The key to learning software development is to have a great foundation. Sams Teach Yourself Visual C# 2010 in 24 Hours is a must-read for anyone who wants to learn C# from the beginning, or just brush up on its features. Scott Dorman brings a very knowledgeable, yet casual approach to his book that anyone with the desire to learn to program in .NET can be inspired by. I found a few gems that will enhance my future programming projects.” —Chris “Woody” Woodruff, Co-Host of Deep Fried Bytes Podcast “This book is an excellent resource for anyone who is learning C# for the first time, migrating from Visual Basic, or catching up on the latest features of C#. It is full of information and should be on the desks of any developer who is becoming familiar with C# 2010.” —Jeff Julian, Managing Partner, AJI Software, Founder of GeeksWithBlogs.NET “Scott Dorman has written an excellent reference book that not only covers the basic fundamentals of .NET 4.0 C# development, but also includes instruction and guidance on the finer points of advanced C# and development with Visual Studio 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Metaprogramming in .NET by Kevin Hazzard Jason Bock
    S AMPLE CHAPTER in .NET Kevin Hazzard Jason Bock FOREWORD BY Rockford Lhotka MANNING Metaprogramming in .NET by Kevin Hazzard Jason Bock Chapter 1 Copyright 2013 Manning Publications brief contents PART 1DEMYSTIFYING METAPROGRAMMING ..............................1 1 ■ Metaprogramming concepts 3 2 ■ Exploring code and metadata with reflection 41 PART 2TECHNIQUES FOR GENERATING CODE ..........................63 3 ■ The Text Template Transformation Toolkit (T4) 65 4 ■ Generating code with the CodeDOM 101 5 ■ Generating code with Reflection.Emit 139 6 ■ Generating code with expressions 171 7 ■ Generating code with IL rewriting 199 PART 3LANGUAGES AND TOOLS ............................................221 8 ■ The Dynamic Language Runtime 223 9 ■ Languages and tools 267 10 ■ Managing the .NET Compiler 287 v Metaprogramming concepts In this chapter ■ Defining metaprogramming ■ Exploring examples of metaprogramming The basic principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) are understood by most software developers these days. For example, you probably understand how encapsulation and implementation-hiding can increase the cohesion of classes. Languages like C# and Visual Basic are excellent for creating so-called coarsely grained types because they expose simple features for grouping and hiding both code and data. You can use cohesive types to raise the abstraction level across a system, which allows for loose coupling to occur. Systems that enjoy loose cou- pling at the top level are much easier to maintain because each subsystem isn’t as dependent on the others as they could be in a poor design. Those benefits are realized at the lower levels, too, typically through lowered complexity and greater reusability of classes. In figure 1.1, which of the two systems depicted would likely be easier to modify? Without knowing what the gray circles represent, most developers would pick the diagram on the right as the better one.
    [Show full text]
  • NET Framework Guidelines and Best Practices
    DBHDS Business Solution Development Jefferson Building, 5rd Floor [email protected] .NET Framework Guidelines and Best Practices Application Architect: Mario Epps DBHDS Business Solution Development Jefferson Building, 5rd Floor [email protected] Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services - Abstract Abstract This document describes the coding style guidelines for native .NET (C# and VB.NET) programming used by the Business Solutions Development team. Application Architect: Mario Epps .NET Framework Guidelines and Best Practices Contents Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services - Abstract ......................................................... 2 Overview .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Principles & Themes 3 General Coding Standards................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Clarity and Consistency 5 2.2 Formatting and Style 5 2.3 Using Libraries 7 2.4 Global Variables 7 2.5 Variable Declarations and Initializations 7 2.6 Function Declarations and Calls 8 2.7 Statements 10 2.8 Enums 11 2.8.1 Flag Enums 14 .NET Coding Standards ..................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries 18 3.2 Files and Structure 18 3.3 Assembly
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Microsoft Design Guidelines with Codeit.Right
    Microsoft Design Guidelines with CodeIt.Right http://submain.com/webcasts/microsoft-design-guidelines-with-codeit.right/ for the webcast recording and slides download 6/3/2014 Webcast Housekeeping Audio Connect via VoIP Plug in a headset or turn up your speakers Select “Headset/Mic” in Audio Options Connect via Phone Select “Dial In” in Audio Options Call 1 (949) 229-4400 PIN: 1066921# Asking A Question Use the Ask a Question button in the top left corner Questions will be addressed at the end of the webcast Recording A recording download link will be sent to all registrants within a few days 6/3/2014 Copyright © SubMain 2014 2 Introduction Presenter (g)host David McCarter Serge Baranovsky Microsoft MVP Principal, SubMain 6/3/2014 Copyright © SubMain 2014 3 David McCarter [email protected] @realdotnetdave davidmccarter C# Microsoft MVP Developer/ Architect/ Consultant & Professional Code Reviewer Rock The Nation Conference Tour http://bit.ly/dNdRTNT David McCarter’s .NET Coding Standards http://bit.ly/dpmbooks dotNetTips.com 700+ Tips, Tricks, Articles, Links! Open Source Projects: CODEPLEX.COM/DOTNETTIPS 6/3/2014 Copyright © SubMain 2014 4 Why We Need Coding Standards (Guidelines) 6/3/2014 Copyright © SubMain 2014 5 Benefits Code Clarity/Easier to Understand Easier to Maintain Reduce Bugs Simplify Code Reviews Shorter learning curve for new team members Consistency across large and distributed teams Comply with internal or regulatory quality initiatives Produces more stable and reliable code 6/3/2014 Copyright
    [Show full text]
  • Increased Efficiency in Finite Element Computations Through Template
    Increased Efficiency In Finite Element Computations Through Template Metaprogramming Karl Rupp Christian Doppler Laboratory for Reliability Issues in Microelectronics at the Institute for Microelectronics, TU Wien Gußhausstraße 27–29/E360, A-1040 Wien, Austria [email protected] Keywords: Template Metaprogramming, Finite Elements, ble selection of the functionality needed for a particular prob- Symbolic Integration, lem at compile time. In order to decouple algorithms acting on a certain geom- Abstract etry, a general way to store and access quantities on domain In the area of scientific computing, abstraction was long said elements is necessary. Our approach works for quantities of to be achievable only in exchange for run time efficiency. arbitrary types and is discussed in Sec. 3. With the rise of template metaprogramming [1] in C++ in The first step towards FEM discretizations is to derive the the 1990s, run time efficiency comparable to hand tuned code weak formulation, which is for second order PDEs obtained could be achieved for isolated operations such as matrix- by multiplication with a test function v, integration over the vector multiplication [2]. In more complex scenarios such whole domain and integration by parts. The generic proce- as large finite element simulation packages, traditional object dure then is to select a suitable basis for a finite dimensional oriented programmingis used for most abstractions, so the re- space of test functions and similarly for trial functions, which sulting code usually suffers from reduced run time efficiency. ultimately leads to a system of linear equations that can be We have applied rigorous template metaprogramming to both solved by either direct or iterative solvers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hands-On Guide with Real-World Examples — Vaskaran Sarcar Foreword by Priya Shimanthoor
    Design Patterns in C# A Hands-on Guide with Real-World Examples — Vaskaran Sarcar Foreword by Priya Shimanthoor www.EBooksWorld.ir Design Patterns in C# A Hands-on Guide with Real-World Examples Vaskaran Sarcar Foreword by Priya Shimanthoor www.EBooksWorld.ir Design Patterns in C# Vaskaran Sarcar Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-3639-0 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-3640-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3640-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946636 Copyright © 2018 by Vaskaran Sarcar This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the author nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made.
    [Show full text]
  • NET Design Patterns
    .NET Design Patterns Duration: 3 days CAC Noida is an ISO 9001:2015 certified training center with professional experience that dates back to 2005. The vision is to provide professional education merging corporate culture globally to the youth through technology resourcing and knowledge consulting with emerging technologies. Quality assurance parameters for each stage of training and development are ensured at all levels. The operating office is solely based Noida (U.P) India. CAC Noida is the well-known .NET Design Patterns training center in Noida with high tech infrastructure and friendly environment. We provide hands on practical knowledge and full job assistance with basic as well as advanced level CAC Noida is one of the best .NET Design Patterns training institute in Noida with 100% placement record. CAC Noida has well defined courses and modules with training sessions for developers. At CAC Noida, .NET Design Patterns training is conducted by specialist Trainers having experience of more than 10+ years. CAC Noida is well-equipped .NET Design Patterns training center in Noida and we offer job oriented .NET Design Patterns training program keeping an eye on industry requirements and future prospects. Each and every one who is part of “CAC Noida” is important to us. Every student has the freedom to discuss and learn. We always take care that right student choose right course. .NET Design Patterns is the one of high in demand course today and CAC Noida provides practical exposure to all the concepts, contents are well-structured to meet the industry requirements. We are confident that .NET Design Patterns training we deliver is at a fantastic standard and are constantly striving to improve and become even better.
    [Show full text]