AP42 Chapter 9 Reference

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

AP42 Chapter 9 Reference Background Report Reference AP-42 Section Number: 9.13.1 Background Chapter: 2 Reference Number: 3 Title: "Developments in Fish Handling and Processing: An Engineering Perspective" in Proceedings of the Institute for Mechanical Engineers J.H. Merritt 1989 AP42 Section ?& I Reference - Report Sect. 2 12s Reference __s Developments in fish handling and processing : an engineering perspective J H Merritt, BE, MSc Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Canada The engineer faces new challenges brought about by demandsror improvedfishery products and the need to make maximum use 01 available resources. In recent years, a/er a period of great expansion, important advances have been made in the handling and processing offish. The wider application ofmodern techniques will enhance the position offish asfood. 1 INDUSTRIAL TRENDS Table I World fish production and disposition (millions of metric tonnes) Fishing and the manufacture of fishery products are tra- ditional activities, fundamental to the well being and llcms 1960 1970 1980 1986 prosperity of the human race. There have been, Fresh 16.9 19.5 15.7 18.2 however, remarkable changes in recent times. Current Froze" 3.5 9.7 15.9 21.4 Cured 7.5 8. I 11.1 13.5 developments in fish handling and processing can be Canned 3.7 6.2 10.3 11.4 viewed in the light of several trends that have exerted a Other 8.6 26.5 18.4 26.9 strong influence. Such an approach might help towards Catch '40.2 70.0 72.0 91.5 anticipation of future needs and developments. Source: FA0 Fishery Slalislia. High demand for fish as food and as animal feed has resulted in great expansion of the fisheries. This, by itself, has prompted change. Fishermen now have access tions are made. Fish processors have participated in this to vessels of advanced design, with sophisticated fish- development by manufacturing a range of fish and fish- finding instruments and fishing gear, for the production based products that incorporate up-to-date features, of more fish for less effort. By the same token, a lot of advanced packaging and ease of preparation for con- methods, equipment and plant have been developed for sumption. ellicient processing of large supplies of fish. Another aspect of the present-day market that is Apart from high demand from a hungry world, there having an effect on the fish industry is the emphasis on are several factors that have had and are having an food wholesomeness and the health-giving attributes of effect on the fisheries. Notable are the need for conser- particular foods. More and more, fish is being viewed vation of stocks of some of the more widely exploited by nutritionists as a most desirable food. Fish oils have species and the extension of fishery limits which have received much attention recently, especially marine had a profound effect on fishing arrangements, trade omega-3 fatty acids, because of claims that they prevent and the policing of fishing zones. One of the outstand- heart disease and other diseases (1). ing changes promoted by the extension of limits has Altogether, therefore, there appears lo be ample been the development of the Alaskan fishery, for opportunity for the fish industry to maintain and poss- pollock, cod, crab, shrimp and other species, by the fish ibly enhance the position of fish and fishery products as industry of the United States of America. Much Euro- a valuable part of the whole supply of food. These pean and Japanese technology has been introduced to factors, mentioned above, amount to new opportunities complement local practices and innovation. and a new challenge for the engineer, who has played a The need to prevent pollution of the oceans is being leading role in the expansion and development of the given greater attention today, with a view to continued fish industry. In the years ahead there will be increased -high_productivity_from_the_fisheries._A qmphasis on improved products that can compete with significance is the increased production and self- other foods, on higher productivity, on maximum use of sulfciency in the lesser developed countries. According fish resources for all and on environmental consider- to FA0 Fishery Statistics from,the Food and Agricul- ations. ture Organization of the United Nations, landings in developing countries reached 48 million tonnes in 1986 and have increased at a greater rate than landings in developed countries (Table 1). 2 EXPANSION OF THE FISHERIES 1950-70 In recent times there has been a strong trend towards The period of 195C70 was one of intense activity in the 'convenience' foods. The introduction of the fish stick fish industry. The world annual catch increased three- (fish finger) more than thirty years ago was a major fold to 60 million tonnes and there were numerous contribution in this direction and promoted a large developments that made catching easier and more pro- trade in frozen fish blocks from which sticks and por- ductive, enabled the handling and processing of increased amounts of fish and promoted the manufac- T),~MS warcceivd on 4 May 1989 and was occeptrdJor publication on 20 July 1989. ture of superior fish products. Eddie (2) has described m8q&I IMcchE 1989 0954-4089/89 S2.W + .OS Pro< lnrtn Mcch Engri VoI 201 ~ 126 1I I1 MEI :In two important mechanical innovations: the power (partial freezing to, say, -2°C) were proposed $, li\ block introduced by Puretic of the United States of regular icing remained the rule. Also, few aids W& m America and freezing at sea, on which much of the introduced to reduce the labour involved; even tod a expansion was based. The power block, consisting of a much of the work is done with a shovel. In powered sheave, gave the ability to handle large nets Cutting (4). in a review of research into refrige la and capture large shoals of pelagic fish. Productivity in of fish and meat, traced the course of developm m the more highly mechanized fishing fleets reached high techniques for chilling and freezing of fish, with fa levels, particularly when fishing for supplies for fish sis on the pioneering work done from about 1930. Ci meal and oil manufacture. Thus, Peru, as an outstand- Many of the more important changes du Ci ing example, attained a harvest of more than IO million period 1950-70 had to do with mechanizat fc tonnes of anchovy per year. cessing operations. Machines for filleting, The large-scale adoption of freezing at sea was (removal of heads and guts), heading, splitting, ri prompted by a need to fish in waters distant from home skinning, sorting according to size etc. were in h without restrictions on the duration of voyage imposed widely. In the main, the objectives were to s1 by the perishability of fish stowed in melting ice. This labour and increase productivity. In some instan C was a European development of the period, as described machine was needed to cope with large F n by Waterman (3), and was based largely on technologi- small fish while in other cases the machine I cal work at Torry Research Station in the United on grounds of increased yield. There were major changes in the production of cu S Kingdom. By 1970 there were about a thousand t freezing-at-sea trawlers, mother ships and refrigerated fish products. Mechanical dryers displaced traditio transport vessels of over lo00 tonnes, some of them methods of drying out of doors for the p > over 1Oo00 tonnes. dried salt fish in Scandinavian countr I Of course there were other important developments Canada and other countries. These enabled the ind 1 during the period 1950-70, many of them concerned to increase production and reduce losses due to directly with the fishing vessel. Advances were made in weather conditions. insect infestation etc. Mecha I fish finding and navigation. Trawl gear was made more smoking kilns were introduced widely in Europe and elficient and the large midwater trawl was developed. elsewhere; they found favour as a means of increasin The early freezing-at-sea vessels incorporated important production and reducing losses. The change to mech-', innovations, notably the provision of a shelter deck for anical kilns was accompanied by a shift towards mild' , handling and processing of the catch, arrangements for cures-products of relatively low salt content and with !' handling the trawl over a stern ramp instead of over the less drying and, smokingdependent on refrigeration ,,l. side and the vertical-plate contact freezer developed for for preservation. Weight loss on the smoking of herring ;I the freezing of whole fish on board. While there had (kippers) in the United Kingdom was typically 25 per 4 been earlier ventures into freezing at sea in certain cent forty or fifty years ago but by 1970 values had specialized fisheries, success in the 1960s was based on declined to about 10 per cent. improved equipment and methods. These improvements included machines from Germany for automatic filleting of fish, electronic fish finding and navigation equipment, 3 NEW DEVELOPMENTS modern propulsion and refrigeration machinery and 3.1 Some aspects of production plastic (thermal) insulation materials. Knowledge of good freezing and cold storage practices, especially the Since 1970 expansion has slowed; the world catch in establishment by Reay and his colleagues (4) of -30°C 1986 reached 91.5 million tonnes and there is wide as the recommended temperature of storage, was a vital agreement that the sustainable limit cannot be much e I em enI. greater than 100 million tonnes. Some stocks have been Another major development for preservation of the depleted through overfishing.
Recommended publications
  • Resources for Fish Feed in Future Mariculture
    Vol. 1: 187–200, 2011 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published online March 10 doi: 10.3354/aei00019 Aquacult Environ Interact OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS AS I SEE IT Resources for fish feed in future mariculture Yngvar Olsen* Trondhjem Biological Station, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT: There is a growing concern about the ability to produce enough nutritious food to feed the global human population in this century. Environmental conflicts and a limited freshwater supply constrain further developments in agriculture; global fisheries have levelled off, and aquaculture may have to play a more prominent role in supplying human food. Freshwater is important, but it is also a major challenge to cultivate the oceans in an environmentally, economically and energy- friendly way. To support this, a long-term vision must be to derive new sources of feed, primarily taken from outside the human food chain, and to move carnivore production to a lower trophic level. The main aim of this paper is to speculate on how feed supplies can be produced for an expanding aquaculture industry by and beyond 2050 and to establish a roadmap of the actions needed to achieve this. Resources from agriculture, fish meal and fish oil are the major components of pellet fish feeds. All cultured animals take advantage of a certain fraction of fish meal in the feed, and marine carnivores depend on a supply of marine lipids containing highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, with ≥3 double bonds and ≥20 carbon chain length) in the feed. The availability of HUFA is likely the main constraint for developing carnivore aquaculture in the next decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National
    CHANGES IN CATCH AND EFFORT IN THE ATLANTIC MENHADEN PURSE-SEINE FISHERY 1940-68 WILLIAM R. NICHOLSON' ABSTRACf The catch, number of vessel weeks, and catch per vessel week in the Atlantic menhaden fishery increased during the 1950's. During this period fishing methods improved and the efficiency of vessels increased. Improvements included use of airplanes for spotting schools, aluminum purse boats, nylon nets, power blocks, and fish pumps for catching and handling fish, and larger and faster carrier vessels that could range farther from port. The catch and catch per vessel week began declining north of Chesapeake Bay in the early 1960's. By 1966, fish north of Chesapeake Bay had become so scarce that plants either closed or operated far below their capacity. In Chesapeake Bay the number of vessel weeks increased, and the catch and catch per vessel week decreased through the early and mid 1960's. Variations in catch, effort, and catch per unit of effort showed no trends in the South Atlantic. The annual' mean IIumber of purse-seine sets per day varied in different areas and ranged from about 2.0 to 4.5. The annual mean catch per set ranged from about 11 to 25 metric tons. Catch and effort statistics are important in eval­ BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FISHERY uating and managing any fishery. They may be used in measuring changes in actual or apparent Atlantic menhaden are found from central abundance, estimating population sizes and mor­ Florida to Nova Scotia and at one time or an­ tality rates, and determining optimum fishing other have been exploited over most of this rates.
    [Show full text]
  • The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture Diets1 R.D
    FA122 The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture Diets1 R.D. Miles and F.A. Chapman2 Introduction sustainable, managed, and monitored fish stocks, reducing the possibility of over-fishing. The supply is presently Fishmeal is recognized by nutritionists as a high-quality, stable at 6.0 to 6.5 million tons annually. Approximately very digestible feed ingredient that is favored for addition 4 to 5 tons of whole fish are required to produce 1 ton of to the diet of most farm animals, especially fish and shrimp. dry fishmeal. Peru produces almost one-third of the total Fishmeal carries large quantities of energy per unit weight world fishmeal supply. Other principal fishmeal-producing and is an excellent source of protein, lipids (oils), minerals, countries are Chile, China, Thailand, U.S.A., Iceland, and vitamins; there is very little carbohydrate in fishmeal. Norway, Denmark, and Japan (Table 1). Major groups of industrial fish rendered into fishmeal are anchovies, her- What Is Fishmeal rings, menhaden, sardines, shads, and smelts (Table 2). Fishmeal is a generic term for a nutrient-rich feed ingredi- ent used primarily in diets for domestic animals, sometimes Fish can be processed at sea in factory ships or caught and used as a high-quality organic fertilizer. Fishmeal can be stored until they are transported to a processing facility made from almost any type of seafood but is generally on the coast. Fish is a highly perishable raw material, and manufactured from wild-caught, small marine fish that spoilage will occur if it is not processed in a timely manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Channel Catfish Brood Stock – Selection and Management
    Practical Channel Catfish Brood Stock-Selection and Management Jesse A. Chappell. Extension Fisheries Specialist, Assistant Professor, Auburn University , Revised 2008 Introduction The economic impact of commercial aquaculture of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the southern region exceeds $2.5 billion. A variety of products originating from this culture is marketed in all 50 states as well as internationally. Employment within the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of the industry approaches 10,000 people. For the industry to remain economically competitive, ever-greater efficiencies at all production levels is required. Very early in the value chain is the efficient production of seed-stock, that is, the juveniles required by all production systems for grow-out animals. The selection of adult fish used to produce the seed are the focus of this brief. At least a portion of the success achieved to date by the catfish industry is due to improved genetics from selection from within the original stocks of wild fish. However, to build upon the success of the industry, quality brood fish must be continually selected, maintained in proper sex ratios, fed and conditioned for high quality egg development and ultimately the output of highly viable fry. Reliable production of industrial levels of fry and robust fingerlings will make certain that fingerling pricing will remain stable and will allow grow-out production levels the capability of rising. Selection Channel catfish begin maturing sexually after their second summer of growth. Females generally begin maturing ahead of males by at least 6 months. While some females are mature during their third summer, most males are not.
    [Show full text]
  • Existing Fish Diet Formulation Practice and Its Limitation for Aquaponics System
    Review article Title: Existing fish diet formulation practice and its limitation for aquaponics system By: Abebe Tadesse [email protected] Introduction Aquaculture is farming of aquatic organisms including fish (principal component), crustaceans, mollusks etc… in controlled or semi-controlled manner with human intervention for increased yield for human consumption either as dietary, ecological or as an ingredient for other products. It is characterized by higher production capacity coupled with environmental problem due to higher discharge of nutrient loaded waste to the environment. The major constitutes of these waste water are nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. However, these elements are major nutrient constitute of hydroponic production systems. Hydroponic is a technology which enables to increase plant production by supplementing the major nutrient requirement of the plant. The major issue on hydroponics dissemination to developing world is its nutrient solution preparation cost next to installation cost. Hence, the ancient technology which utilized by Azetic people believed to be a possible alternative for aquaculture and hydroponic existing technical and economical issue and recently called as Aquaponics. Aquaponics combine aquaculture and hydroponic systems and enable to produce two crops (fish and plant) with a single input (fish feed) in closed confinement or open system without hampering the yield potential of independent systems (aquaculture and hydroponics). Fish (aquaculture) deliver nutrients for the plant (hydroponic) and plants filter the water for the fish (Rakocy 2012). Hence, the waste water treatment cost will decrease and the production level will increase. The major nutrient input for the system is fish feed and it is expected that the feed will contain sufficient nutrients in available form for best growth of fish and plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant and Pest Management in Aquaponics D
    PLANT AND PEST MANAGEMENT IN AQUAPONICS D. Allen Pattillo • Aquaculture Extension Specialist Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management • Enhanced Biofiltration >>Surface Area • Nutrient Uptake Ammonia & Nitrate • Additional Revenue Stream >75% of total revenue • Where the plants are grown • Must maintain moisture and high oxygen concentrations for plant roots • Options: – Floating raft – Flood and drain – Nutrient film technique – Towers – Aeroponics • Deficiencies • Nutrients • Light • Moisture • Temperature Stress • Insect Predation • Food Safety Yellowing, reduced growth rates, and reduced flavor quality can be caused by nutrient imbalances Deficiencies related to source water and feed additives • For a raft hydroponic system the optimum ratio varies from • For example: – 1,000 g feed per day will fertilize 16.7 m2 for a feeding rate ratio of 60 g/m2/day. • Higher protein = higher nitrogen – Protein is generally ~6.25% nitrogen – Nitrogen affects plant growth • Leafy greens use more N • Fruiting plants need more K • Protein source relates to sustainability – Fish meal vs. plant protein meals Feed = Fertilizer • Multiple rearing tanks, staggered production – four tilapia rearing tanks – Stock & Harvest every 6 weeks – All-in/all-out production (per tank) Plants provide critical filtration!! Single rearing tank with multiple size groups of plants • 6-week growout time for plants will require • Harvest plants weekly or bi-weekly • restock equal number of seedlings SOW SEEDS Week 1 Week 2 TRANSPLANT Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 HARVEST Surface Area Living Space for the Nitrifying Bacteria Competition for that Space Food aquaponicsplan.com ammonia or nitrite > 0.07 mg / L Good Living Conditions Dissolved Oxygen going into the biofilter > 4 mg / L pH 7.2 – 8.8 Alkalinity > 200 mg / L as CaCO3 • The fish, plants and bacteria in aquaponic systems require adequate levels of maximum health and growth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Introduction of Insect Meal Into Fish Diet: the First Economic Analysis on European Sea Bass Farming
    sustainability Article The Introduction of Insect Meal into Fish Diet: The First Economic Analysis on European Sea Bass Farming Brunella Arru 1,*, Roberto Furesi 1, Laura Gasco 2 , Fabio A. Madau 1,* and Pietro Pulina 1 1 Department of Agriculture—University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari (SS), Italy; [email protected] (R.F.); [email protected] (P.P.) 2 Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.A.); [email protected] (F.A.M.); Tel.: +39-07-922-9259 (B.A.); +39-07-922-9258 (F.A.M.) Received: 21 January 2019; Accepted: 14 March 2019; Published: 21 March 2019 Abstract: The economic and environmental sustainability of aquaculture depends significantly on the nature and quality of the fish feed used. One of the main criticisms of aquaculture is the need to use significant amounts of fish meal, and other marine protein sources, in such feed. Unfortunately, the availability of the oceanic resources, typically used to produce fish feed, cannot be utilized indefinitely to cover the worldwide feed demand caused by ever-increasing aquaculture production. In light of these considerations, this study estimates how aquaculture farm economic outcomes can change by introducing insect meal into the diet of cultivated fish. Several possible economic effects are simulated, based on various scenarios, with different percentages of insect flour in the feed and varying meal prices using a case study of a specialized off-shore sea bass farm in Italy. The findings indicate that the introduction of insect meal—composed of Tenebrio molitor—would increase feeding costs due to the high market prices of this flour and its less convenient feed conversion ratio than that of fish meal.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets Across Zebrafish
    animals Article Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets across Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Generations: A Multidisciplinary Study on the Larval Phase Matteo Zarantoniello 1 , Basilio Randazzo 1, Gloriana Cardinaletti 2 , Cristina Truzzi 1, Giulia Chemello 1, Paola Riolo 3 and Ike Olivotto 1,* 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (B.R.); [email protected] (C.T.); [email protected] (G.C.) 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali (Di4A), Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy; [email protected] 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Fish meal and fish oil represent the optimal ingredients for aquafeed formulation. However, their partial or complete substitution with more sustainable alternatives, like insects, is required for a further development of the aquaculture sector. Nutritional programming through parental feeding may enhance the ability of the progeny to utilize insect-based diets. In the present study, five experimental diets characterized by increasing fish meal substitution levels with full-fat Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) prepupae meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), used for Citation: Zarantoniello, M.; zebrafish broodstock rearing, were provided to the progeny (first filial generation, F1). The effects of Randazzo, B.; Cardinaletti, G.; Truzzi, BSF-based diets on F1 zebrafish larvae were investigated through a multidisciplinary approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Overview on the Use of Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Industrially
    Aquaculture 285 (2008) 146–158 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqua-online Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects Albert G.J. Tacon a,⁎, Marc Metian b a Aquatic Farms Ltd, 49-139 Kamehameha Hwy, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA b Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA article info abstract Article history: The finfish and crustacean aquaculture sector is still highly dependent upon marine capture fisheries for Received 17 June 2008 sourcing key dietary nutrient inputs, including fish meal and fish oil. This dependency is particularly strong Received in revised form 9 August 2008 within compound aquafeeds for farmed carnivorous finfish species and marine shrimp. Accepted 11 August 2008 Results are presented concerning the responses received from a global survey conducted between December 2006 and October 2007 concerning the use of fish meal and fish oil within compound aquafeeds using a Keywords: questionnaire sent to over 800 feed manufacturers, farmers, researchers, fishery specialists, and other Fish meal Fish oil stakeholders in over 50 countries. On the basis of the responses received, it is estimated that in 2006 the Aquafeed aquaculture sector consumed 3724 thousand tonnes of fish meal (68.2% total global fish meal production in Global trends 2006) and 835 thousand tonnes of fish oil (88.5% total reported fish oil production in 2006), or the equivalent Feed manufacture of 16.6 million tonnes of small pelagic forage fish (using a wet fish to fish meal processing yield of 22.5% and wet fish to fish oil processing yield of 5%) with an overall fish-in fish-out ratio of 0.70.
    [Show full text]
  • April -May, 1963
    a .11.111100. -411111111■1=Ml 411111111111111111111111■ .11111•1111•1111111•1111111111■ AN11111111■1111■11■ M11111■111M. .1111111111■ 1411■111, April -May, 1963 EPARTMENT IF F I An of (ye, PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES OF CANADA e r co e c CON TEN TS VOL. 15 NO. 10-11 FEATURES thi M. e v Modern Fishing Vessels and Gear 3 oc The Canadian Cod Fishery and the World Market 7 wi th oc a v lo, hi CANADIAN FISHERIES NEWS Hon. H. J. Robichaud New Minister of Fisheries 10 ey Canadian Food Conference in Ottawa 10 ur Meeting of Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee 12 th 12 th K.P. Lucas Asst. Director, Pacific Area th J.P. Hennessey Chief of Inspection Branch, Nfld. 12 6 In Fishery Figures for February 13- 14 , in th of w] CURRENT READING 15 6 s E SE COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Assigned to the Department of Fisheries Cif Barkley Sound sub-district in British Columbia, the "Comox Post, " of one of the Department's fleet of patrol vessels, undergoes trials ha after being re-engined. of The contents of TRADE NEWS are Crown Copyrighted but may be reprinted in other publications. Ref ere w to the source, however, would be appreciated. For further information with regard to TRADE NEWS w to the Director of the Information and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Can Modern Fishing Vessels and Gear Electronics, Synthetics, New Propulsion Methods are Revolutionizing World Fishing Industry The accompanying article was prepared from an address given at Manitoba's Federation of Fishermen Annual Convention in Winnipeg on March 29, 1963, by W.
    [Show full text]
  • Driving Change in South East Asian Trawl Fisheries, Fishmeal Supply, And
    Driving change in South East Asian trawl fisheries, fishmeal supply, and aquafeed Report to IFFO, The Marine Ingredients Organisation and the Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) by Duncan Leadbitter Director Fish Matter Pty Ltd August, 2019 1 About the Project sponsors IFFO, The Marine Ingredients Organisation IFFO represents the marine ingredients industry worldwide. IFFO’s members reside in more than 50 countries, account for over 50% of world production and 75% of the fishmeal and fish oil traded worldwide. Approximately 5 million tonnes of fishmeal are produced each year globally, together with 1 million tonnes of fish oil. IFFO’s headquarters are located in London in the United Kingdom and it also has offices in Lima, Peru, and in Beijing, China. IFFO is an accredited Observer to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). To find out more, visit www.iffo.net. The Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) The Global Aquaculture Alliance is an international, non-profit trade association dedicated to advancing environmentally and socially responsible aquaculture. Through the development of its Best Aquaculture Practices certification standards, GAA has become the leading standards-setting organization for aquaculture seafood. To find out more, visit https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/ 2 Executive Summary Information is generally lacking about South East Asian (SEA) fisheries in terms of their biology, fishing practices, and environmental impact, as well as their contributions for social (e.g. employment, food security implications), or economic (e.g. value, trade dynamics) factors. Some social and fisheries management issues are well known and attract criticism right across the fisheries, fishmeal/oil, aquafeed, aquaculture, seafood and retail sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fish Meal and Fish Oil Industry Its Role in The
    EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Directorate-General for Research WORKING PAPER THE FISH MEAL AND FISH OIL INDUSTRY ITS ROLE IN THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY Fisheries Series FISH 113 EN This study was requested by the European Parliament's committee on Fisheries within the annual research programme. Thispaper ispublished in EN only. Author: University of Newcastle Upon Tyne (UK), Poseidon Aquatic Resource Management Ltd (UK) Responsible Official: MrsBeatriz OLIVEIRA-GOUMAS Division for Agriculture, Regional Policy, Transport and Development ASP 06D141 Tel: (+32) 284 29 36 Fax: (+32) 284 69 29 E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in December 2003. Further information on DG4 publications can be accessed through : www.europarl.eu.int/studies Luxembourg, European Parliament, 2004 The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher isgiven prior notice and sent a copy. EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Directorate-General for Research WORKING PAPER THE FISH MEAL AND FISH OIL INDUSTRY ITS ROLE IN THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY Fisheries Series FISH 113 EN 02-2004 Fish Meal and Fish Oil Industry EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction The raw materials used by the fish meal and fish oil industry are derived from directed industrial fisheries 1 and from the by-products of fisheries for human consumption (fish trimmings). The interaction between the CFP and the fish meal and fish oil industries is through the directed fisheries for teleost 'feed fish' from which fish meal and fish body oils are derived, and sharks from which some liver oils are extracted.
    [Show full text]