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Sensitivities of Rat Kidney Thick Ascending Limbs and Collecting

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Sensitivities of Rat Kidney Thick Ascending Limbs and Collecting Proc. Nadl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 83, pp. 2276-2280, April 1986 Physiological Sciences Sensitivities of rat kidney thick ascending limbs and collecting ducts to vasopressin in vivo (Brattleboro rats/urinary concentration) JEAN-MARC ELALOUF, ANTONIO Di STEFANO, AND CHRISTIAN DE ROUFFIGNAC Service de Biologie Cellulaire, DIpartement de Biologie, Centre d'Etudes Nuc1daires de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Communicated by Gerhard Giebisch, October 28, 1985 ABSTRACT Clearance experiments were performed to act in the same way as [Arg8]vasopressin on the permeability characterize the sensitivity to vasopressin ofthe thick ascending of the cortical collecting duct to water (11, 12). To avoid limbs and collecting duct system ofthe rat kidney. The response undesirable interference from these hormones, the experi- of the thick ascending limbs was evaluated by measuring the ments were performed with hormone-deprived rats (4); i.e., Mg2+ excretion rate in the urine, since the [arginine-8]vas- Brattleboro D. I. rats (lacking [Arg8]vasopressin) that were opressin-mediated effects on Mg2+ excretion are the direct acutely thyroparathyroidectomized (thus suppressing calci- result of a stimulation of Mg2' reabsorption in this nephron tonin and PTH levels) and given somatostatin to inhibit segment, and the response ofthe collecting ducts was evaluated glucagon secretion (6-11). by changes in urine flow. To avoid the effects of parathyroid hormone, glucagon, and calcitonin, which stimulate Mg2+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb and distal tubule, and METHODS of calcitonin, which increases the permeability of the cortical Experiments were performed on 38 male rats with hereditary collecting ducts to water, experiments were performed on hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro D. I. rats) bred Brattleboro D. I. rats (with hereditary diabetes insipidus, due in our laboratory. Laboratory chow of constant composition to a lack of [Arg8]vasopressin) acutely deprived of endogenous (UAR, Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France; composition: P = parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and glucagon. Vasopressin 6.6, Ca = 7.5, K = 9.3, Na = 3, Mg = 1.2 g/kg) was available infused at rates up to 5 pg/min did not reduce the Mg2+ to all rats until 17 hr before the experiments. The animals fractional excretion rate, whereas at 5 pg/min water excretion were then placed in metabolic cages to verify by their urine was decreased by 50%. The half-maximal reduction of Mg2+ osmolality (<250 milliosmoles/kg) that they were homozy- excretion occurred at vasopressin infusion rates 4-6 times gous. Free access to distilled water was available until higher than those necessary to diminish the water excretion rate anesthesia. The animals were prepared in order to reduce the to the same extent. We conclude that in vivo, two segments plasma concentration of calcitonin, PTH, and glucagon involved in the production ofconcentrated urine have different (6-11). They are called hormone-deprived animals through- sensitivities to vasopressin and that this difference in sensitivity out this paper. is very similar for the biological response in vivo and the After anesthesia (Inactin, 10 mg/100 g ofbody weight), the adenylate cyclase activation in vitro. We suggest that both the animals, placed on a heated table to maintain a body magnitude and the nature ofthe effects of [Arg8]vasopressin on temperature of 370C, underwent tracheotomy after removal the kidney may vary according to the required antidiuretic of the thyroparathyroid glands. For the perfusion of solu- response. tions, one polyethylene (PE50) catheter (Becton Dickinson) was inserted into the right jugular vein and another into the Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) increases the water per- right femoral vein. A PE50 catheter was inserted into the right meability of the collecting ducts and stimulates reabsorption femoral artery for arterial blood sampling and arterial blood of electrolytes, such as NaCl (1-3), Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ (4), pressure recording and two such catheters were inserted into by the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Imbert-Teboul the left and right ureters for urine collection. During surgery, et al. (5) showed that the apparent Km value of adenylate estimated fluid losses were replaced by intravenous admin- cyclase activation by [arginine-8]vasopressin was much high- istration of a 0.9% NaCl solution (1.5 ml/100 g of body er in the thick ascending limb than in the collecting tubule, weight). For the changes in urinary flow rate to reflect as indicating that the two segments have different sensitivities to closely as possible the [Arg8]vasopressin-mediated alteration of the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, it is this hormone. crucial to maintain the water balance equilibrium throughout We undertook the present study to test whether vasopres- the clearance studies (i.e., to adjust the water infusion rates sin, at a concentration higher than that necessary to increase to the water losses). It was therefore necessary to perform a the permeability of the collecting duct to water, elicits a preliminary experimental series, to establish the time course physiological response in the thick ascending limb in vivo. and degree of urine-flow reduction during sustained [Arg8]- The biological effects on the thick ascending limb were vasopressin infusion over the range of doses to be studied in evaluated by measuring the Mg2' excretion rate, since the the second experimental series. In the second series of effects on the loop are directly responsible for the hormone- experiments, the magnitudes of the physiological responses mediated decrease of Mg2+ excretion in urine (4, 6). The of the thick ascending limbs and collecting ducts were response ofthe collecting ducts was evaluated by the changes measured at each ofthe doses of vasopressin used in the first in urine flow. Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and series. glucagon may act on Mg2+ reabsorption in the distal tubule [Arg8]Vasopressin-Dependent Reduction of Urine Flow Rate (7, 8) and the thick ascending limb (9, 10), and calcitonin may (Series I). These experiments were performed to determine the appropriate administration rate of water in the second The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" Abbreviation: PTH, parathyroid hormone; dDAVP, 1-desamino-[D- in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Arg8]vasopressin. 2276 Downloaded by guest on September 25, 2021 Physiological Sciences: Elalouf et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 (1986) 2277 series. Throughout the experiments, the water losses through extrarenal pathways were taken to be constant, whereas the urinary losses were variable, depending on the administration rate of the antidiuretic hormone. During clearance experi- ments on anesthetized 200-g rats, it is generally accepted (24) 75 that the extrarenal losses are well compensated by a water infusion rate of 20 A.l/min. Thus, in these experiments, a r. 4 continuous infusion of 0.4% NaCl solution at 20 ,ul/min was started through the jugular vein catheter immediately after so surgery. This solution also contained [3H]inulin (10 ,uCi/ml; Lo. New England Nuclear; 1 Ci = 37 GBq), bovine serum albumin (1 mg/ml; fraction V), somatostatin (7 Ag/ml; Clin-Midy, catalog no. 93537), and, when necessary, syn- thetic [Arg]vasopressin (Sigma Grade VIII, 400 units/mg). The administration rate of somatostatin (140 ng/min) was r_ chosen to ensure inhibition ofglucagon secretion. Bailly etal. 25 h (10) showed that Brattleboro rats receiving such a dose of somatostatin had a plasma glucagon concentration undetect- able by radioimmunoassay (<7 pM). At time zero after surgery, the rats were also infused, through the femoral vein catheter, with a 0.4% NaCl solution at 60 Aul/min (4), in order to establish a mild water diuresis. One hour after the -30 0 30 60 90 120 beginning of perfusions, the urinary flow rate from both Time, min kidneys was determined over a 10-min collection period. The rate at which the 0.4% NaCl solution was infused through the FIG. 1. Water excretion rate in hormone-deprived rats during femoral vein catheter was then adjusted to compensate for control periods (e) and during administration (indicated by solid bar) renal water losses (this adjustment being made after each of vasopressin at 5 (o), 10 (c), 20 (a), 40 (o), or 80 (E) pg/min. After urine collection the each urine collection, the perfusion rate was adjusted to replace throughout experiment). Two 10-min water losses adequately, in order not to infuse excess water. The control periods of urine collection were then carried out. urinary flow rate is that of the two kidneys. Each point is a mean of After these two periods, AVP was added to the solution the means obtained from 3 or 4 rats, except for the control periods, infused through thejugular vein, at concentrations chosen to for which the data from all animals were pooled. ensure an administration rate of either 5 (n = 3 rats), 10 (n = 3), or 40 (n = 4) pg/min. Five minutes after the beginning of (5-10% of the filtered load) is rather limited when compared [Arg8]vasopressin infusion, the urine flow rate from both with that carried out by the loop of Henle (60-85% of this kidneys was measured during five 5-min periods and there- load, depending on the hormonal status of the animal). Thus after during two 20-min collection periods. At the end of the determination of Mg2" urinary excretion is a satisfactory second 20-min period, the administration rate of [Arg8]vas- quantitative measure of Mg2+ transport by the loop. opressin was doubled for rats previously receiving 10 or 40 The hormone-deprived model requires a depletion of the pg/min. The results of these experiments are depicted in Fig. four hormones that act on the adenylate cyclase present in the 1.
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