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Diplomová Práce JIHOČESKÁ UNIVERZITA V ČESKÝCH BUDĚJOVICÍCH PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA KATEDRA ANGLISTIKY DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Percepce skotských a gaelských slov rodilými mluvčími angličtiny The Perception of Scots-English and Gaelic words by Native Speakers of English Autor: Jana Kolesová (Aj-Nj/ZŠ) Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Vladislav Smolka, Ph.D. 2012 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci na téma „Percepce skotských a gaelských slov rodilými mluvčími angličtiny“ vypracovala samostatně s použitím pramenů uvedených v bibliografii. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své diplomové práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. V Českých Budějovicích 4. dubna 2012 Jana Kolesová Poděkování Především bych chtěla poděkovat PhDr. Vladislavu Smolkovi, Ph.D. za poskytnuté rady, konzultace a odborné vedení této diplomové práce. Mé poděkování také patří všem, kteří se podíleli na získávání dotazníků do mého výzkumu. Děkuji přátelům a rodině za poskytnutí podpory při studiu. Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on the perception of Scots-English and Gaelic words by native speakers of English coming from England. The principal objective is to find out whether the English know and understand these words and what connotations the words have for them. The theoretical part includes a brief overview of the development of the Scottish and Gaelic language, the present linguistic situation in Scotland and assumptions about the perception of Scots- English and Gaelic words by the English. The practical part is based on research carried out by means of questionnaires. It contains a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the results which were obtained from the English respondents. The results of the research are represented in charts and graphs. Finally, the results of the research are interpreted and analyzed. The thesis contains a dictionary of Scottish and Gaelic expressions which was compiled for the creation of the questionnaire and is enclosed in the appendix. Anotace Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na percepci skotských a gaelských slov rodilými mluvčími angličtiny pocházejících z Anglie. Hlavní oblastí zájmu je zjistit, zdali Angličané tato slova znají a rozumějí jim a jaké konotace pro ně tato slova mají. Teoretická část obsahuje stručný přehled vývoje skotštiny a gaelštiny, současnou jazykovou situaci ve Skotsku a předpoklady Angličanů při vnímání skotských a gaelských výrazů. Praktická část je založena na výzkumu pomocí dotazníků. Obsahuje kvantitativní a kvalitativní zhodnocení výsledků, které byly získány od dotazovaných. Výsledky výzkumu jsou zpracovány do přehledných tabulek a grafů. Výsledky analýzy jsou shrnuty v závěru práce. Pro sestavení dotazníku byl vytvořen slovník vybraných skotských a gaelských výrazů, který je přiložen v příloze. Contents 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 7 2. THEORETICAL PART .................................................................................. 9 2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 9 2.2. The importance of English .................................................................... 9 2.3. What is the Scots language? Who speaks Gaelic? .............................. 10 2.4. The history of Scots and Gaelic .......................................................... 11 2.5. The vocabulary of Scots...................................................................... 18 2.6. The dialects of Scots............................................................................ 22 2.7. Who had influence on Scots................................................................ 24 2.8. The Scots in Ireland............................................................................. 26 2.9. The Scots in America .......................................................................... 28 2.10. The development since the eighteenth century ................................... 30 2.11. Scots in these days............................................................................... 33 2.12. Future................................................................................................... 35 2.13. The perception of Scots by the Scotsmen ........................................... 38 2.14. The perception of Scots and Gaelic words by the English.................. 39 3. PRACTICAL PART...................................................................................... 41 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 41 3.2. Compiling the dictionary..................................................................... 41 3.3. Creation of the questionnaire .............................................................. 43 3.4. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS .......................................................... 46 3.4.1 Question 1...................................................................................... 46 3.4.2 Question 2...................................................................................... 47 3.4.3 Question 3...................................................................................... 47 3.4.4 Question 4...................................................................................... 48 3.4.5 Question 5...................................................................................... 50 3.4.6 Question 6...................................................................................... 53 3.4.7 Question 7...................................................................................... 54 3.4.8 Question 8...................................................................................... 55 3.4.9 Question 9...................................................................................... 55 3.4.10 Question 10.................................................................................... 55 3.4.11 Question 11.................................................................................... 56 3.4.12 Question 12.................................................................................... 57 3.4.13 Question 13.................................................................................... 58 3.4.14 Question 14.................................................................................... 58 3.4.15 Question 15.................................................................................... 59 3.4.16 Question 16.................................................................................... 60 3.4.17 Question 17.................................................................................... 61 3.4.18 Question 18.................................................................................... 62 3.4.19 Question 19.................................................................................... 62 3.4.20 Question 20.................................................................................... 63 3.4.21 Question 21.................................................................................... 64 3.4.22 Question 22.................................................................................... 65 3.4.23 Question 23.................................................................................... 66 3.4.24 Question 24.................................................................................... 66 3.4.25 Question 25.................................................................................... 67 3.4.26 Question 26.................................................................................... 68 3.4.27 Question 27.................................................................................... 69 3.5. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ............................................................. 70 3.5.1 Methodology ................................................................................. 70 3.5.2 Results ........................................................................................... 71 3.5.3 Results of the Scottish respondents............................................... 77 3.5.4 Summary ....................................................................................... 79 4. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 80 5. RESUMÉ....................................................................................................... 83 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 86 7. LIST OF CHARTS AND GRAPHS ............................................................. 90 8. APPENDIX A ............................................................................................... 92 Questionnaire.............................................................................................. 92 9. APPENDIX B................................................................................................ 97 Dictionary................................................................................................... 97 1. INTRODUCTION This diploma thesis deals with the perception of Scots-English and Gaelic words by native speakers of English coming from England. The principal aims
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