Appendix 4: Llantarnam - Gazetteer of Monastic Landscape Features (Case Study Area)
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Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area) Monastic holding or Name meaning (Mod E Monastic holding or Grange or manor Location (including HER entry NMR entry Date endowned and donor Held at Dissolution or Notes Sources landscape feature name = Modern English, OE landscape feature type containing the feature current civil parish/ earlier disposal (with variant spellings/ first = Old English, W = community and county/ dates for these) Welsh) unitary authority, and OS grid reference) Cefn-mynach Grange (Apud Monk's ridge (W)/ Grange Cefn-mynach Pentre-bach Farm, Y Y c1179; Hywel ab Iorwerth, lord Probably held at Dissoltion Valley grange in Magna Porta manor. Possibly the original site of the abbey. Situated at Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291; veterem Abbathiam, 1291; Cilsant: brook retreat or Llantarnam, Torfaen of Caerleon (farmed out) the foot of a long, broad ridge to the north which probably gave the grange its name; William Morgan Will, 1542 Kevan y mynach, 1542; retreat of the saint (W)/ (ST285921) alternatively, named for the sharper Castell-y-bwch ridge immediately to the west and Kevenvynocke, 1553; Pentre-bach: little village overlooking it. Extensive building by Morgan family became settlement of Pentre-bach Kevenminnick, 1582; Cefn-y- (W) with extant Grade II Tudor farmhouse and 17th century hall, later converted into a large fynach; Cefn-vynoche; barn. Substantial earthworks in field below/west of house (Round field), could be fishpond Kilsant; Cilsant, 1801; Pentry, or remains of a moated site (ie perhaps separate/ pre-dating house?); strong potential for 1704; Pentrea bach, 1634; further survey/ investigation as not recorded. Large semi-oval enclosure to west of Pentra-bach, 1779; Pentre- farmstead, with two more to the north. Field names of interest: Cae Crwn (round field), bach) Caeven y Perthy/ Coed y Perthy (the boundary or limit hedge or bush field/ the hedge wood), Gwain Vellin Vach (little mill meadow), Perthlan Vawr (great church hedge), Perthlan y Pisstell (spout or drainage ditch of the church hedge), the langott (church wood). Coed-cefin-y-perthi (Coed Wood of the ridge hedge Wood Cefn-mynach Pentre-bach Farm, N N Extensive area of coppice woodland surrounding large oval enclosure north of the grange Llantarnam Estate Map, Mawr, 1846) (W) Llantarnam, Torfaen farm divided into allotments, with Coed-yr-Helygos (willow wood) and Pentre-bach Wood 1779; Llanfihangel (ST282929) (now smaller, Limekiln Wood), only partially remaining; included a section known as The Llantarnam Tithe Map, 1846 Langott (possibly ‘church wood’) in 1779. Groes-mawr (Transemawre, Great cross (from groes ) Farmstead Cefn-mynach Traws Mawr, Llantarnam, N N Recorded as a 'tenement', 'one messuage with the appurtenances' of the abbey, within Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; 1536; Trawsechawre, 1539; (W) Torfaen (ST293917) Magna Porta manor (1536). Perhaps an out-farm of Cefn-mynach grange. Possible William Morgan Inquisition Transmaur, 1582; Troes location, modern farm yard and wooded enclosure on edge of Cae Troes Mawr (great post mortem, 1582; Mawr, 1779; Traws Mawr, cross field, 1779) near to post-modern Traws Mawr House. Alternatively, possibly Llantarnam Estate Map, 1886) associated with Tranch Wood? 1779; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Coed-cefn-coch Red ridge wood (W) Wood Dorallt N N Abbey coppice woodland. Magna Porta Manor Survey, (Coedkevancoch, 1634) 1634 Dorallt Grange (Torald, 1291; Bulging (from twrr ) Grange Dorallt Site of Dorallt-fach farm, Y Y Before 1291; probably Hywel ab Not held at Dissolution Hillside grange in Magna Porta manor. Grange name is likely a reference to a Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291; Doralt, 1841; Dorallt-fawr, hillside (W) Cwmbran Central or Iorwerth, lord of Caerleon promontory jutting out from slopes of Mynydd Henllys above the farmstead, or perhaps Henllys Tithe Map, 1844; OS 1842) Henllys (check?), Torfaen the prominent Castell-y-bwch ridge overlooked to the south-east. Actual site of grange 1st Edition Map, 1887 (ST266940) farm and boundary of lands not known, possibly site of Dorallt-fawr farm. Several cwrt field-names may indicate a more significant medieval grange steading. Lower lands now housing within Cwmbran. Field names of interest: Cae Cwrt Bach (little court field), Coed y Cwrt (wood of the court), Cae Coed y Cwrt (wood of the court field), Cae Groes (cross field), Warren. Two Pandy (a fulling mill associated with wool production) place names near Dorallt are perhaps indicators in medieval sheep-rearing on the grange. Heol-y-coed Old road of the wood Road Dorallt N N Magna Porta Manor Survey, (W) 1634 Gelli-las Grange (Gelli Las, Green or marshy (from Grange Gelli-las Llantarnam Grange Arts Y Y After 1291; Lords of Caerleon Held at Dissolution (farmed Valley grange in Magna Porta manor. Grange farm now location of Llantarnam Grange Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; 1536; The Grange, 1554; glas ) grove or small Centre (site of out) Arts Centre, lands now Llantarnam Grange Industrial Estate in Cwmbran. Approach road Plan of Gelli-las, 1751; Kellilace, 16th century; Gelly wood (W) Llantarnam Grange from abbey called Grange Road. The 1846 tithe map includes ninety-six acres (thirty-nine Llanfihangel Llantarnam Lase, 1634; Gelli-laes, 1846; farm), Cwmbran, Torfaen ha.) of ‘Part of Gelly-las’, it is unclear from the apportionment where the rest of the Tithe Map, 1846 Llantarnam Grange) (ST297953) grange’s lands were located. Field-names of note: Cae'r Coed Ycha and Issa (‘upper and lower wood field’), Gwern y Gwair (‘alder trees or swampy meadow of the hay’), Gwern y Ceffyloy (‘alder trees or swampy meadow of the horses’), Gwern y Gwartheg (‘alder trees or swampy meadow of the cattle’). St. Bridgett's Chapel Chapel Gelli-las N N Brook, 1988 Hollow Lane Hollowed lane (ME) Track Llanderfel Fairwater, Torfaen N N Part of pilgrim way from Llanderfel to Penrhys, via chapels at St. Dials and Llanderfel. (ST273962) Llanderfel Chapel (Llanderfol, (Saint) Derfel's chapel Chapel Llanderfel Llanderfel Farm, Y Y Not known; Probably Hywel ab Held at Dissolution Scheduled pilgrimage cell, tavern and enclosure, with possible late 11th or early 12th Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535; 1412; St. Dervalli, 1535; St. (W) Fairwater, Torfaen Iorwerth, lord of Caerleon century origin. Postulated as chapel for nearby grange or perhaps the site of the grange Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; Darvally, 1536; Llantherval, (ST264953) farm itself. Possible site of early medieval church, perhaps also supported by local place- Saxton Map of 1577; Llanderfil, 1886) name evidence including nearby farmstead, Pen-llan-gwyn (‘headland of the white Monmouthshire, 1577; church’), maybe a reference to the whitewashed walls of the chapel, and the wooded Llanfihangel Llantarnam hillside of Coed Gwern-esgob (‘wood on the bishop’s moor’). Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area) Monastic holding or Name meaning (Mod E Monastic holding or Grange or manor Location (including HER entry NMR entry Date endowned and donor Held at Dissolution or Notes Sources landscape feature name = Modern English, OE landscape feature type containing the feature current civil parish/ earlier disposal (with variant spellings/ first = Old English, W = community and county/ dates for these) Welsh) unitary authority, and OS grid reference) Llanderfel Grange (Coitca (Saint) Derfel's chapel Grange Llanderfel Llanderfel Farm, N N Not known; Probably Hywel ab Held at Dissolution (farmed Upland grange of Magna Porta manor occupying assarted hillside shelf below Mynydd Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; mynachlog; Landerval, 1634; (Monastery or place of Fairwater, Torfaen Iorwerth, lord of Caerleon out) Maen around Grade II listed late 16th/ early 17th century longhouse of Llanderfel Farm Llanfihangel Llantarnam Llanderfil, 1886; Llanderfel the monks, from (ST266954) (150 acres of tithe free land, plus surrounding land from Craig-y-Llwarch, Ty'r-ywen and Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st House; Llanderfel Farm) mynachlog , enclosure or Upper House post-medieval farmsteads). Not listed in Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291 or Edition Map, 1887; Bradney, hedge, from coitgae ) Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535. Grange centre either at Llanderfel or Craig-y-Llwarch farm or 1993 (W) enclosure and ruin previiusly identified as Llanderfel chapel; or possibly on site of Henllys Colliery, Henllys, Torfaen (ST258943). St. Darvel's was possibly the grange chapel. The post-medieval farmstead of Penllangwyn (‘end of white church’) perhaps suggests the limit of the lands of the white chapel grange. Pits above the chapel site are possible site of open-cast coal mining; immediately north of the probable grange boundary, at Gelli- gravog, many other small abandoned workings have been observed. Llanderfel Rhiw (Crymana?; (Saint) Derfel's hillside Track Llanderfel Mynydd Maen, Fairwater, N N Track linking with holloway from chapel and running along grange and manor boundary, Magna Porta Manor Survey, Slippery Path) road Torfaen (SO262954) running further to Rhyswg grange. Part of pilgrim way from Llantarnam to Penrhys. 1634 Aberavon Mouth of the river (W) Fishery Magna Porta Afon Lwyd (actual N N On Afon Llwyd, downstream from Pontnewydd to confluence with Usk. Leased to Jenkyn Ministers Accounts, 1536/7 location not known) Taylor, 1535. Afon Llwyd (Torfaen; Yr avon Grey river (W) River Magna Porta N N Known as Torfaen (‘breaker of stones’), Yr avon awr (‘the rough river’), Afon or Saturn awr; Afon; Saturn; River before late seventeenth century industrialisation led to Lwyd (‘grey’), named for the Avon, 1634) discolouration of the water downstream from Pontypool ironworks. Beadd-bach (Bedda Bach, Little grave or tomb Boundary marker Magna Porta Mynydd Maen, Fairwater, N N Name for head of Cwm Carn, boundary point for Magna Porta manor. Magna Porta Manor Survey, 1842) (from bedd ) or boar Torfaen (ST267962) 1634; Llanfihangel (from baedd ) Llantarnam, 1846 Boundary stones (including Brown or grey (or clan or Boundary stones Magna Porta Mynydd Maen, Fairwater, Y N Marking boundary between Magna Porta manor and Abercarn and Mynyddislywn.