Appendix 4: Llantarnam - Gazetteer of Monastic Landscape Features (Case Study Area)

Home , Afon Lwyd, Coed Eva, Greenmeadow, Llantarnam, Llantarnam Abbey, Pontnewydd

Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Monastic holding or Name meaning (Mod E Monastic holding or Grange or manor Location (including HER entry NMR entry Date endowned and donor Held at Dissolution or Notes Sources landscape feature name = Modern English, OE landscape feature type containing the feature current civil parish/ earlier disposal (with variant spellings/ first = Old English, W = community and county/ dates for these) Welsh) unitary authority, and OS grid reference)

Cefn-mynach Grange (Apud Monk's ridge (W)/ Grange Cefn-mynach Pentre-bach Farm, Y Y c1179; Hywel ab Iorwerth, lord Probably held at Dissoltion Valley grange in Magna Porta manor. Possibly the original site of the abbey. Situated at Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291; veterem Abbathiam, 1291; Cilsant: brook retreat or Llantarnam, Torfaen of Caerleon (farmed out) the foot of a long, broad ridge to the north which probably gave the grange its name; William Morgan Will, 1542 Kevan y mynach, 1542; retreat of the saint (W)/ (ST285921) alternatively, named for the sharper Castell-y-bwch ridge immediately to the west and Kevenvynocke, 1553; Pentre-bach: little village overlooking it. Extensive building by Morgan family became settlement of Pentre-bach Kevenminnick, 1582; Cefn-y- (W) with extant Grade II Tudor farmhouse and 17th century hall, later converted into a large fynach; Cefn-vynoche; barn. Substantial earthworks in field below/west of house (Round field), could be fishpond Kilsant; Cilsant, 1801; Pentry, or remains of a moated site (ie perhaps separate/ pre-dating house?); strong potential for 1704; Pentrea bach, 1634; further survey/ investigation as not recorded. Large semi-oval enclosure to west of Pentra-bach, 1779; Pentre- farmstead, with two more to the north. Field names of interest: Cae Crwn (round field), bach) Caeven y Perthy/ Coed y Perthy (the boundary or limit hedge or bush field/ the hedge wood), Gwain Vellin Vach (little mill meadow), Perthlan Vawr (great church hedge), Perthlan y Pisstell (spout or drainage ditch of the church hedge), the langott (church wood).

Coed-cefin-y-perthi (Coed Wood of the ridge hedge Wood Cefn-mynach Pentre-bach Farm, N N Extensive area of coppice woodland surrounding large oval enclosure north of the grange Llantarnam Estate Map, Mawr, 1846) (W) Llantarnam, Torfaen farm divided into allotments, with Coed-yr-Helygos (willow wood) and Pentre-bach Wood 1779; Llanfihangel (ST282929) (now smaller, Limekiln Wood), only partially remaining; included a section known as The Llantarnam Tithe Map, 1846 Langott (possibly ‘church wood’) in 1779.

Groes-mawr (Transemawre, Great cross (from groes ) Farmstead Cefn-mynach Traws Mawr, Llantarnam, N N Recorded as a 'tenement', 'one messuage with the appurtenances' of the abbey, within Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; 1536; Trawsechawre, 1539; (W) Torfaen (ST293917) Magna Porta manor (1536). Perhaps an out-farm of Cefn-mynach grange. Possible William Morgan Inquisition Transmaur, 1582; Troes location, modern farm yard and wooded enclosure on edge of Cae Troes Mawr (great post mortem, 1582; Mawr, 1779; Traws Mawr, cross field, 1779) near to post-modern Traws Mawr House. Alternatively, possibly Llantarnam Estate Map, 1886) associated with Tranch Wood? 1779; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887

Coed-cefn-coch Red ridge wood (W) Wood Dorallt N N Abbey coppice woodland. Magna Porta Manor Survey, (Coedkevancoch, 1634) 1634 Dorallt Grange (Torald, 1291; Bulging (from twrr ) Grange Dorallt Site of Dorallt-fach farm, Y Y Before 1291; probably Hywel ab Not held at Dissolution Hillside grange in Magna Porta manor. Grange name is likely a reference to a Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291; Doralt, 1841; Dorallt-fawr, hillside (W) Cwmbran Central or Iorwerth, lord of Caerleon promontory jutting out from slopes of Mynydd Henllys above the farmstead, or perhaps Henllys Tithe Map, 1844; OS 1842) Henllys (check?), Torfaen the prominent Castell-y-bwch ridge overlooked to the south-east. Actual site of grange 1st Edition Map, 1887 (ST266940) farm and boundary of lands not known, possibly site of Dorallt-fawr farm. Several cwrt field-names may indicate a more significant medieval grange steading. Lower lands now housing within Cwmbran. Field names of interest: Cae Cwrt Bach (little court field), Coed y Cwrt (wood of the court), Cae Coed y Cwrt (wood of the court field), Cae Groes (cross field), Warren. Two Pandy (a fulling mill associated with wool production) place names near Dorallt are perhaps indicators in medieval sheep-rearing on the grange.

Heol-y-coed Old road of the wood Road Dorallt N N Magna Porta Manor Survey, (W) 1634 Gelli-las Grange (Gelli Las, Green or marshy (from Grange Gelli-las Llantarnam Grange Arts Y Y After 1291; Lords of Caerleon Held at Dissolution (farmed Valley grange in Magna Porta manor. Grange farm now location of Llantarnam Grange Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; 1536; The Grange, 1554; glas ) grove or small Centre (site of out) Arts Centre, lands now Llantarnam Grange Industrial Estate in Cwmbran. Approach road Plan of Gelli-las, 1751; Kellilace, 16th century; Gelly wood (W) Llantarnam Grange from abbey called Grange Road. The 1846 tithe map includes ninety-six acres (thirty-nine Llanfihangel Llantarnam Lase, 1634; Gelli-laes, 1846; farm), Cwmbran, Torfaen ha.) of ‘Part of Gelly-las’, it is unclear from the apportionment where the rest of the Tithe Map, 1846 Llantarnam Grange) (ST297953) grange’s lands were located. Field-names of note: Cae'r Coed Ycha and Issa (‘upper and lower wood field’), Gwern y Gwair (‘alder trees or swampy meadow of the hay’), Gwern y Ceffyloy (‘alder trees or swampy meadow of the horses’), Gwern y Gwartheg (‘alder trees or swampy meadow of the cattle’).

St. Bridgett's Chapel Chapel Gelli-las N N Brook, 1988 Hollow Lane Hollowed lane (ME) Track Llanderfel Fairwater, Torfaen N N Part of pilgrim way from Llanderfel to Penrhys, via chapels at St. Dials and Llanderfel. (ST273962) Llanderfel Chapel (Llanderfol, (Saint) Derfel's chapel Chapel Llanderfel Llanderfel Farm, Y Y Not known; Probably Hywel ab Held at Dissolution Scheduled pilgrimage cell, tavern and enclosure, with possible late 11th or early 12th Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535; 1412; St. Dervalli, 1535; St. (W) Fairwater, Torfaen Iorwerth, lord of Caerleon century origin. Postulated as chapel for nearby grange or perhaps the site of the grange Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; Darvally, 1536; Llantherval, (ST264953) farm itself. Possible site of early medieval church, perhaps also supported by local place- Saxton Map of 1577; Llanderfil, 1886) name evidence including nearby farmstead, Pen-llan-gwyn (‘headland of the white Monmouthshire, 1577; church’), maybe a reference to the whitewashed walls of the chapel, and the wooded Llanfihangel Llantarnam hillside of Coed Gwern-esgob (‘wood on the bishop’s moor’). Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Llanderfel Grange (Coitca (Saint) Derfel's chapel Grange Llanderfel Llanderfel Farm, N N Not known; Probably Hywel ab Held at Dissolution (farmed Upland grange of Magna Porta manor occupying assarted hillside shelf below Mynydd Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; mynachlog; Landerval, 1634; (Monastery or place of Fairwater, Torfaen Iorwerth, lord of Caerleon out) Maen around Grade II listed late 16th/ early 17th century longhouse of Llanderfel Farm Llanfihangel Llantarnam Llanderfil, 1886; Llanderfel the monks, from (ST266954) (150 acres of tithe free land, plus surrounding land from Craig-y-Llwarch, Ty'r-ywen and Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st House; Llanderfel Farm) mynachlog , enclosure or Upper House post-medieval farmsteads). Not listed in Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291 or Edition Map, 1887; Bradney, hedge, from coitgae ) Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535. Grange centre either at Llanderfel or Craig-y-Llwarch farm or 1993 (W) enclosure and ruin previiusly identified as Llanderfel chapel; or possibly on site of Henllys Colliery, Henllys, Torfaen (ST258943). St. Darvel's was possibly the grange chapel. The post-medieval farmstead of Penllangwyn (‘end of white church’) perhaps suggests the limit of the lands of the white chapel grange. Pits above the chapel site are possible site of open-cast coal mining; immediately north of the probable grange boundary, at Gelli- gravog, many other small abandoned workings have been observed.

Llanderfel Rhiw (Crymana?; (Saint) Derfel's hillside Track Llanderfel Mynydd Maen, Fairwater, N N Track linking with holloway from chapel and running along grange and manor boundary, Magna Porta Manor Survey, Slippery Path) road Torfaen (SO262954) running further to Rhyswg grange. Part of pilgrim way from Llantarnam to Penrhys. 1634

Aberavon Mouth of the river (W) Fishery Magna Porta Afon Lwyd (actual N N On Afon Llwyd, downstream from Pontnewydd to confluence with Usk. Leased to Jenkyn Ministers Accounts, 1536/7 location not known) Taylor, 1535. Afon Llwyd (Torfaen; Yr avon Grey river (W) River Magna Porta N N Known as Torfaen (‘breaker of stones’), Yr avon awr (‘the rough river’), Afon or Saturn awr; Afon; Saturn; River before late seventeenth century industrialisation led to Lwyd (‘grey’), named for the Avon, 1634) discolouration of the water downstream from Pontypool ironworks.

Beadd-bach (Bedda Bach, Little grave or tomb Boundary marker Magna Porta Mynydd Maen, Fairwater, N N Name for head of Cwm Carn, boundary point for Magna Porta manor. Magna Porta Manor Survey, 1842) (from bedd ) or boar Torfaen (ST267962) 1634; Llanfihangel (from baedd ) Llantarnam, 1846

Boundary stones (including Brown or grey (or clan or Boundary stones Magna Porta Mynydd Maen, Fairwater, Y N Marking boundary between Magna Porta manor and Abercarn and Mynyddislywn. Magna Porta Manor Survey, Craig Llywarch; Carne y tribe, from llwyth, or Torfaen (ST261956) Several still in situ. 1634; OS 1st Edition Map, Feen, 1634) Llywarth , personal 1887; Maynard, 1993 name) rock (W)

Clements Not known Stream Magna Porta Croes-y-mwyalch, N N Stream forming part of the manor boundary. Magna Porta Manor Survey, Torfaen (ST297916) 1634 Clwyd-y-brawd (Clawdd y Brother's dyke, gate or Boundary marker Magna Porta Cwm Bran, Fairwater, N N Part of the northern manor boundary - dyke, hedge or fence. Magna Porta Manor Survey, Brawdd, 1634) hurdle (W) Torfaen (ST267965) 1634

Coed-cored Weir or dam wood (W) Wood Magna Porta Pontnewydd, Cwmbran, N N Abbey coppice woodland. Now built over by Cwmbran urban development. Llanfihangel Llantarnam Torfaen (ST298965) Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887

Coed-waun-fyr Short meadow wood (W) Wood Magna Porta Fairwater, Cwmbran, N N Abbey coppice woodland, still partially extant within Cwmbran urban development. Llanfihangel Llantarnam Torfaen (ST275944) Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Colomendy (Clo-mendy, Dovecote (W) Dovecote Magna Porta Cwmbran, Torfaen N N Possible site of monastic dovecote. Llanfihangel Llantarnam 1886) (ST292949) Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887

Craig-fawr Great rock (W) Wood Magna Porta Thornhill, Cwmbran, N N Abbey coppice woodland, still extant within Cwmbran urban development. Llanfihangel Llantarnam Torfaen (ST278959) Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887

Craig-llwydd (Craiglowarthe, Brown or grey (or clan or Boundary marker Magna Porta Craig Llywarch, N N Ancient rock forming part of manor boundary above Llanderfel. May reference Llywarth Magna Porta Manor Survey, 1634) tribe, from llwyth, or or Fairwater, Torfaen ap Cadwgan, tenth century chieftain of the neighbouring tribal lands that became the 1634 Llywarth personal name, (ST256962) lordship of Abercarn. or Llywarth personal name ) rock (W)

Croes-y-mwyalch Possibly monk's cross Cross Magna Porta Llantarnam, Torfaen N Named for a waymark cross and/ or crossroads. Farmstead and public house of the same Magna Porta Court Roll, (Crossymulch, 1722; Croes (from mynach ) or cross (ST303925) name probably post-medieval. Field names of interest: Cae Stocking (field cleared of tree 1722 ymulch, 1739; Cross Immulk , of the blackbirds (W) stumps) 1779; Crossinulch, 1794; Croes-y-myalch, 1885) Cwm-bran Brook Crow (or personal name) Stream Magna Porta Cwmbran, Torfaen N N Stream that marks the northern boundary of Magna Porta manor. Also name of a stream Magna Porta Manor Survey, valley (W) (ST280969) along western edge of Gelli-las grange, now largely subsumed within Cwmbran urban 1634 development). Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Dowlais Brook (Dowlas, 1634; Dark coloured stream Stream/ fishponds Magna Porta Llantarnam Abbey, N N Forms southern boundary of abbey site (and probably of the precinct). Two fishpond Magna Porta Manor Survey, Dowlas Brooke, Dowlace, (W) Llantarnam, Torfaen indicated along course of stream on tithe map with a number of weirs upstream. 1634 1787)/ fishponds (ST315926)

Graig Road Rock road (W) Track Magna Porta Fairwater, Torfaen N N Road up to Mynydd Maen from abbey. (ST271952)

Graig Wood Rock wood (W) Wood Magna Porta Graig Wood, Caerleon, N N Remnant of park woodland. OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Newport (ST316925)

Greenmeadow Green meadow (Mod E) Farmstead Magna Porta Greenmeadow, Thornhill, N N Possible medieval farmstead on edge of abbey lands. Now a community farm within OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Cwmbran, Torfaen Cwmbran town. (ST279956)

Hallogen (Hallogue, 1840) Profamer or defiler, from Stream Magna Porta Croes-y-mwyalch, N N Stream forming part of the manor boundary. Magna Porta Manor Survey, halogw Torfaen (ST307917) 1634; Llangattock-juxta- Caerleon Tithe Map, 1840

Heol-craig-llowarth (Heol Brown or grey (or clan or Track Magna Porta Craig Llywarch, N N Track forming part of the manor boundary. Part of pilgrim way from Llantarnam to Magna Porta Manor Survey, Craiglowarthe, 1634) tribe, from llwyth , or Fairwater, Torfaen Penrhys, via Llanderfel. 1634 Llywarth personal name) (ST260948) rock road (W) Heol-fawr (Newport to Great road (W) Track Magna Porta Llantarnam, Torfaen N N Name of main through road from Newport to Pontypool. Includes Blackbirds Pitch Magna Porta Court Roll, Pontypool Turnpike) (ST303921) (stretch up to Croes-y-mwalch from village). 1787

Heol-tablare (Heol-tablaw) Twmbarlwm road Track Magna Porta Twmbarlwm, Henllys, N N Track forming part of the manor boundary. Magna Porta Manor Survey, Torfaen (ST245928) 1634

Heol-y-badd (Heol-y-bedd; Grave or tomb (or bath Track Magna Porta Henllys, Torfaen N N Upper portion of Heol-y-fforest above Dorallt up to ridge. Forms suggested southern Magna Porta Manor Survey, Heol-y-baedd) or boar's) way (W) (ST258942) boundary of Dorallt grange. 1634

Heol-y-eurych (hewl-y- Road of the tinker (W) Track Magna Porta Llantarnam, Torfaen N N Lane above Craig y Eurych. Magna Porta Court Roll, worrough, 1784; Malthouse (ST315925) 1784 Lane)

Heol-y-forest (Hewll-y-forest, Road to the forest or Track Magna Porta Henllys, Torfaen N N Road from abbey via Pentre-bach and Henllys to common uplands of Mynydd Henllys Magna Porta Manor Survey, 1634; Hewle yr Forrest , mountain common (W) (ST278923) and Llanderfel. 1634 1721; Hewle fforest, 1722; Hewlett-y-fforest; Pentre Lane) Llanfihangel Llantarnam Church of Saint Michael Settlement/ parish Magna Porta Llantarnam, Torfaen Y N Medieval and early post-medieval settlement site between modern village of Llantarnam Speed's Map of (Llanyhangle Tonney-groyse, at Llantarnam (W) (ST309930) (Lantarnam on late nineteenth century Ordnance Survey mapping indicating the original Monmouthshire, 1610; OS 1577; Llanyhangle spelling) and the abbey, probably deserted in phases up to the late eighteenth century. First Edition Map, 1887; Tonnygrosse, 1610; Y Old lane (approach to abbey) called Abbey Lane. Possibly originally (pre-dating the Maylan, 1992 Fynachlog; Llanfihangel abbey?) known as Ton-y-groes (see Llantarnam Park/ Ton-y-groes entry below) and also Lantarnam, 1887) known locally into modern times as Y Fynachlog ('the monastery'). Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Llantarnam Abbey Island (from ynis ) of the Abbey Magna Porta Llantarnam Abbey, Y Y c1179; Hywel ab Iorwerth, lord Held at Dissolution Site of medieval abbey, replaced by 16th century gentry house then Grade II* listed 19th Cistercian General Chapter, (Emsanternon; Nant-teyrnon; break stone (from Llantarnam, Torfaen of Caerleon century mansion, which may contain some fabric of the earlier buildings. Used as a 1273; Taxatio Ecclesiastica, Dewma, Deuma, 14th torfaen , original name of (ST312929) convent since the 1950s. Precinct area laid out as post-medieval park then 19th century 1291; Valor Ecclesiasticus, century; Caerleon upon Usk; river Llwyd) stream park and formal gardens, with listed features. Precinct boundary/ wall not identified, 1535; Ministers Accounts, Caerleon; Vallium, 1244; (from nant ) or valley possible linear feature in parkland to south/ east of abbey identified on LiDAR which 1536/7 Lanterna, 1273; Kerlyon, (from glen ) (W). Not a could be the line of the boundary or an old water ditch. Field names of interest in the 1291; Karliun; Karlyn; 'llan' name, this is a later probable precinct area: Abbey Orchard, Cae Lletty (possibly visitor accommodation), The Karlioun, 1317; Lanternan, misinterpretation. Llangott (possibly church wood), The Warren. New housing estate built on the Abbey 1396; Karlion alias Fields, part of the outer court. Lanternam, 1398; Karelyon, alias Lanternam, 1465; Lant'na, 1535; Lantarnum House, 1704; Llantorfaen, Lantarnam; Llantarnam House) Llantarnam Abbey 'tithe' barn Barn Magna Porta Llantarnam Abbey, Y Y Scheduled and Grade II listed home manor 'tithe' barn, date unknown, possibly medieval, Llantarnam Estate Map, Llantarnam, Torfaen 16th century or later. Foundations found near the barn may point to a larger agricultural 1779 (ST312930) infrastructure around the abbey.

Llantarnam mill (Abbey mill, Mill Magna Porta Llantarnam, Torfaen Y Y Post-medieval corn mill, fulling mill (Tuck mill) and farmstead, probably on site of Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; 1885; Abbey Farm) (ST309932) monastic mill; demolished and site now cut by Trunk Road. Served by mill races (from Llanfihangel Llantarnam Afon Lwyd, Cwm Bran Brook and Dowlais Brook), some sections still operating as Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st watercources, with system of sluices, and a mill pond. Known as Abbey Farm by the late Edition Map, 1887 nineteenth century. ‘Pandy’ field-names adjacent to the mill site support a joint corn and fulling mill operation. A dam structure on a small stream leading from Pen-y-Parc to Pill- Mawr has been interpreted as related to another possible long-abandoned medieval mill.

Llantarnam Park/ Ton-y-groes The glade or lay-land of Park Magna Porta Pen-y-park farm, Y Y Ton-y-groes is perhaps the pre-existing name for the area in which the abbey was Saxton Map of (Ton y Grose, 1634; old Park, the cross (W). The cross Llantarnam, Torfaen established, then used as name of park. Area of post-medieval parkland, encompassing Monmouthshire, 1577; 1634) referenced may be at (ST312927) the abbey precinct, now mostly new woodland/ housing/ bypass/ cultivated fields, with Magna Porta Manor Survey, the ancient cross-roads some remaining parkland trees; monastic park probably covered undulating land to south 1634; Llantarnam Estate at Croes-y-mwyalch, of abbey around Pen-y-park and Wilderness (Reference to Old Park in 1634 and fields Map, 1779; Llanfihangel which may in turn be known as Old Park on tithe map). 1787 reference to 'residue of the Park known as Rayle Llantarnam Tithe Map, 1846 named for a monks’ Ffawothoog' (beech road, from heol). ‘Fish Pool’ reference, 1634; field-names recording a cross (from mynach ) fishpond or series of ponds (‘pisscodlyn’) cascading down to The Wilderness, 1779. Area around Park Farm part of the larger (and possibly later) lordship park of Caerleon abbutting the abbey park and possibly encroaching on abbey land. Some sources have implied that the area around Park Farm and Park Wood up to Lodge Wood, within the bounds of Caerleon's King’s Park, was part of the abbey’s estate, but there is no evidence to support this.

Maes-mawr Great field or meadow Wood Magna Porta Oakfield, Cwmbran, N N Wood formally within Scybor Cwrt grange, now built over by Cwmbran urban Llanfihangel Llantarnam (W) Torfaen (ST302937) development. Name perhaps indicates that this was previously a common or open field. Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887

Maes-y-rhiw Wood Meadow or field of the Wood Magna Porta Fairwater, Cwmbran, N N Abbey coppice woodland, still largely extant within new town context. Llanfihangel Llantarnam hill slope or steep track Torfaen (ST276948) Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st (W) Edition Map, 1887

Magna Porta Great gateway (Latin) Gatehouse Magna Porta Llantarnam Abbey, N N Current gatehouse with same name is post-medieval, linking the abbey to the new Bradney, 1993 Llantarnam, Torfaen turnpike road. Location of original gate (and line of precinct wall not known) but possible (ST310929) site identified along course of drive, or may have been at postulated precinct boundary along course of Dowlais Brook.

Magna Porta Manor Great gateway (Latin) Manor Magna Porta Across historic parishes N N c1179; Hywel ab Iorwerth, lord Y Home manor, included property and land in Caerleon. Managed by bailiff Jenkin Morgan Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535; (Porthmawr) of Llanfihangel of Caerleon at Dissolution. Ministers Accounts, 1536/7 Llantarnam, Cwmbran, Malpas and Llangatwg- Meyrick-moel (Merick-Mole, Local family name - Farmstead Magna Porta Coed Eva, Cwmbran, N N Possible medieval farmstead. Magna Porta manor survey, 1634; Tir Myrick Mile, 1804; Meyrick (perhaps Torfaen (ST276936) 1634 Meyrick Mole, 1846) remembering Meudig, sixth century king of Gwent) hill (W) Meyrick-moel Wood (Coed Local family name - Wood Magna Porta Coed Eva, Cwmbran, N N Abbey coppice woodland. Llanfihangel Llantarnam Eva, 1886) Meyrick (perhaps Torfaen (ST274939) Tithe Map, 1846; OS 1st remembering Meudig, Edition Map, 1887 sixth century king of Gwent) hill wood (hybrid) Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Mynydd-maen (Minith Maen, Stone mountain (W) Hill Magna Porta Mynydd Maen, Fairwater, N N Extensive upland common of Magna Porta manor. Earthwork evidence of boundary Magna Porta manor survey, 1634; Mynidd Mayne, 1724; Torfaen (ST259967) banks and dykes. 1634 Mynidd Mane, 1739; Monydd Maen, 1779; Meneth Mane, 1783) Nant-brane (Nant y Ffrwd, Crow stream or stream Stream Magna Porta Forge Hammer, N N Forms part of boundary of Magna Porta manor and Gelli-las grange. Magna Porta manor survey, 1751; Cwm Bran Brook, of the torrent (W) Cwmbran, Torfaen 1634; Gelli-las Estate Map, 1886) (ST285958) 1751; OS 1st Edition Map, 1887

Nant-y-milwr (Nant Milur) Stream of the soldier or Stream Magna Porta Coed Eva, Cwmbran, N N Forms part of boundary of manor/ parish. Magna Porta manor survey, named for Mieler, twelfth Torfaen (ST273928) 1634 century hermit and adviser to the lord of Caerleon (W) Parc-y-pill (Parke pill, 1536; The park pool Farmstead Magna Porta Pillmawr, Caerleon, N N Farmstead associated with Pwl-mawr quay and the Abbot's Park/ King's Park hunting Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; Parc y pil, 1536; Park y pill, Newport (SO314906) chase. Parke Pyll meadow recorded in 1536/7. Magna Porta manor survey, 1634; Pill Farm, 1704; Pen-y- 1634; Llantarnam Estate pil, 1707) Map, 1779

Pen-y-park (Park Pen y beall, Top of the bailiff's (from Farmstead Magna Porta Pen-y-park, Llantarnam, N N Farmstead with possible monastic origins, name could relate to abbey park or larger William Morgan Inquisitio 1582; Penna Park, 1779; Pen- beili ) park (W) Torfaen (ST312925) Kings Park, Caerleon to south. Field names of interest: Caer Draw (yonder or away wall), post mortem, 1582; y-parc, 1886) Caer Hendu (old black wall), Coed Eluccus (possibly the lucky wood, from y lwcus ), Llantarnam Abbey Estate Gwain y Psscodlyn (fishpond meadowland), Cae Pisscodlyn (fish pond field), Pisscodlyn Survey, 1704; Llantarnam Ucha/ Ysha (fishpond upper/ lower). Baily Rhedyn farm, on the other side of the Afon Estate Map, 1779 Lwyd (outside of Magna Porta, though recorded as part of the Llantarnam Abbey Estate in 1704) may have had a similar function.

Pill Lane (Nac, 1707; Old Pool lane (Mod E/W) Track Magna Porta Pen-y-park, Nr N N Lane from abbey to Pill-mawr quay via Pen-y-park. Branch forms driveway to Caerleon Llantarnam Estate Map, Road, 1846) Llantarnam, Newport via Park Farm and through Iron Age hillfort at Lodge Farm, may be post-medieval. 1779 (ST313900) Pill-mawr (Nant y Pill, 1634; Great pool (from pwl ) or River pool/ quay Magna Porta Pillmawr, Caerleon, N N Pool on Wye at end of southern finger of Magna Porta manor enabling access from the Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; Great Pill, 1783; Crindau Pill) the park pool Newport (ST314906) abbey. Used as a quay for river transport. Salthouse and salt quay recorded. Field names Magna Porta manor survey, of interest: Gwayne Vawre y Pill/ Great pill mead ('great pool meadow'), Gwain y Pill, 1634; Llantarnam Estate Parke pill. Trehearne bridge nearby. Map, 1779

Pont-carnedd (pont-y-carna, Cairn bridge (W) Bridge Magna Porta Llantarnam, Torfaen N N Old bridge carrying road to Llanfrechfa road, now superceded by Turnpike Road bridge Llantarnam Estate Map, 1779) (ST308936) (just to the north of line of old road). 1779

Rhiw-bane (Rue Brane, 1634) Crow hillside track (W) Track Magna Porta Upper Cwmbran, Torfaen N N Trackway alongside upper Cwm Bran forming part of boundary of Magna Porta manor. Magna Porta manor survey, (ST265968) 1634

St. Dial's Chapel (Llantylull, (Saint) Derfel's chapel Chapel and possible Magna Porta St. Dial's, Cwmbran Y N Not known Held at Dissolution Little documented chapel on pilgrimage route from abbey to Penrhys (on old lane called Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535; c877?; St Darvally, 1535; St (W) grange Central, Torfaen St. Dial's Road). Perhaps on the site of an early medieval church mentioned in the Ministers Accounts, 1536/7 Tylull) (ST285953) Llandaff Charter. Perhaps an unidentified grange, or sub-unit of one of the surrounding granges (tithes for some of the Saint Dials farmstead were paid to the owner of Llanderfel may indicate a sub-unit of that grange), occupying the centre ground of Magna Porta manor. Medieval barn remains and field systems with boundary banks still extant within Cwmbran urban development.

St. Dial's Lane Saint Derfel's lane Track Magna Porta St. Dial's, Cwmbran N N Part of pilgrim way from Llanderfel to Penrhys, via chapels at St. Dials and Llanderfel. (ME/W) Central, Torfaen (ST285953) St. Michael's Church, Church and portion of Magna Porta St. Michael's Church, Y N Not known Held at Dissolution Grade II* listed church, mostly 15th century with some possible 12th/ 13th century fabric. Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535 Llantarnam (Capella St. tithes Llantarnam, Torfaen Functioned as a chapel for the tenants of Magna Porta manor during the monastic period, Michis juxta monastiu, 1535; (ST307931) though possibly the foci of a pre-Norman parish named Deuma with unknown boundaries. Llanfihangel Llantarnam)

Tranch Wood Possibly end, dissolution Wood Magna Porta Tranch Wood, Fairwater, N N Abbey coppice woodland, still largely extant within new town context. Ministers Accounts, 1536/7; or death (from tranc ) Cwmbran, Torfaen Llanvihangel Llantarnam (W) (ST271947) Tithe Map, 1846 Appendix 4: Llantarnam - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Ty Isaf Lower house (W) Farmstead Magna Porta An ancient building with a stone staircase.

Wilderness Wood Wilderness (Mod E) Wood Magna Porta Wilderness Wood, N N Remnant of park woodland (now reduced in size). OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Llantarnam, Torfaen (ST308922) Cefn-rhyswg (Cefyn Rhyswg) Moor (from rhos) or Ridge Rhyswg Cefn Rhyswg, Abercarn, N N Ridge on which Rhyswg grange stands. OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Rhys (pers. name) track Caerphilly (ST233948) (from wysg) ridge (W)

Coed-y-rhiw Wood of the hill slope or Wood Rhyswg Coed-y-rhiw, Abercarn, N N Woodland on slopes below ridge-top grange. OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 steep track (W) Caerphilly (ST225943) Craig-lapi Wrap or lap (from lapio) Wood Rhyswg Craig Lapi, Abercarn, N N OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 rock (W) Caerphilly (ST237946) Craig-llwyfas Elm (from llwyfen ?) rock Wood Rhyswg Abercarn, Caerphilly N N Woodland on slopes below ridge-top grange. OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 (W) (ST219945) Cwm-caer-lapi Wrap or lap (from lapio ) Valley Rhyswg Cwm Caer-lapi, Abercarn, N N OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 wall or castle valley (W) Caerphilly (ST231944)

Cwnc Hill (W) Hill Rhyswg Cwnc, Abercarn, N N Hillside now occupied by forestry plantation, previously occupied by now abandoned OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Caerphilly (ST234938) probable post-medieval farm of the same name. Graig-ddu Black rock (W) Wood Rhyswg Graig Ddu, Abercarn, N N Woodland on slopes below ridge-top grange. OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Caerphilly (ST228949) Line of stones Boundary stones Rhyswg Cefn Rhyswg, Abercarn, N N Line of stones along track up to moor. OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Caerphilly (ST2242953) Rhyswg Fach Little moor (from rhos) or Farmstead Rhyswg Rhyswg Fach, Abercarn, N N Possible grange out-farm, now ruined in forestry plantation. Cwmcarn, Cnwc, Pen-y-pant OS 1st Edition Map, 1887 Rhys (pers. name) track Caerphilly (ST241942) (all now abandoned) and Rhyswg Canol (still extant), occupying the now largely forested (from wysg) (W) Cwnc were probably post-medieval farmsteads carved out of the hillside woods.

Rhyswg Grange (Russok, Moor (from rhos ) or Grange Rhyswg Rhyswg Fawr Farm, Y Y Before 1291; Probably Hywel ab Not held at Dissolution Part of Abercarn manor. Upland grange lands occupied by Grade II listed Rhyswg Fawr Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291 1291; Waystre? 1570; Russik; Rhys (pers. name) track Abercarn, Caerphilly Iorwerth, lord of Caerleon farmhouse with probable early 17th century origin (probable site of grange farmstead), Rhwsg Fawr; Russog, 1800; (from wysg ) (W) (ST227946) Rhyswg Ganol and Rhyswg Fach post-medieval farms. Possible chapel site at Pen-y- Rhyswg Fawr, 1846) pant (ST239941). Possible 'cleared land' place-name derivation? (Madeline Gray).

Le Therweis (Cae Thurwen, Wood Scybor Cwrt Oakfield, Cwmbran, N N Thirty acre wood. Perhaps around Cae Thurwen at northern end of grange lands (1779) Llantarnam Estate Map, 1779; Court Wood, 1904) Torfaen (c ST302935) or Court Wood. 1779 Scybor Cwrt Grange (Cwt Barn or granary court Grange Scybor Cwrt Court Farm, Cwmbran, Y N c1179; Hywel ab Iorwerth, lord Held at Dissolution Valley 'home' grange in Magna Porta manor. Field names of interest: Cae Groos (cross Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291; Grange, 1291; Scybor, (W) Torfaen (ST303936) of Caerleon field), Cae Gross Mawr (great cross field), Cae Gross Vach (Little cross field), Cae Llan y Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535 Skyborcourt, 1535; Skibery Door Usha and Isha (upper and lower field of the church water), Cae Porth (gate field), Court, 1704; Scyborau, 1707; Cae Skibbor (barn field), Gwain Vawr (great meadowland), Maes Mawr (great meadow). Skybbercourt; Ysgubor Court; Scybor Court; Skibor y Court, 1783; The Court Farm, 1779; Skibbor-y-court, 1803; Cwrt Mawr, 1846; Skibbery Court, 1853; Llantarnam Court)