Embassy, Emigrants, and Englishmen the Three-Hundred-Year History of a Russian Orthodox Church in London

Embassy, Emigrants, and Englishmen The Three-Hundred-Year History of a Russian Orthodox Church in London

Christopher Birchall

Holy Trinity Publications The Printshop of St Job of Pochaev Holy Trinity Monastery Jordanville, New York 2014

HTP-BIRCHALL-12-1201-FM.indd 3 8/19/2014 3:10:39 PM Printed with the blessing of His Eminence, Metropolitan Hilarion, First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia

Holy Trinity Publications The Printshop of St Job of Pochaev Holy Trinity Monastery Jordanville, New York 13361-0036 www.holytrinitypublications.com

ISBN: 978-0-88465-381-3 (Hardback) ISBN: 978-0-88465-336-3 (Paperback) ISBN: 978-0-88465-382-0 (ePub) ISBN: 978-0-88465-383-7 (Kindle)

Library of Congress Control Number 2014942139

Cover Art and Design: James Bozeman Engraving: The Russian Embassy Chapel in Welbeck Street: Illustrated London News, April 1865. (Source: Holy Trinity Monastery Archive)

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Foreword ix Maps xi Introduction xiii

1. 1713–1725: The Delegation from Alexandria 1 The Archives 1 Metropolitan Arsenius and the Non-Jurors 3 Russian Support for the Church in London 7 2. 1725–1780: The Beginning of Orthodox Church Life in London 11 The Graeco-Russian Church at York Buildings 11 First Russian Clergy: Father Stephen Ivanovsky and the Move to Clifford Street 14 The Ludwell and Paradise Families 18 archpriest Andrew Samborsky 23 3. 1780–1840: Archpriest James Smirnove 27 a Priest and a Diplomat 27 The Russian Church Community in London 31 The Earl of Guilford: An Extraordinary Convert 34 Woronzow, Paradise, Father Smirnove, and the Crisis of 1791 38 The “Priest of Many Parts” 44 The New Church at Welbeck Street 48 Blindness and Death of Father James Smirnove 51 4. 1842–1875: Father Eugene Popoff, Pastor of the Embassy Church 55 The Priest and People of the Embassy Church 55 The Crimean War Prisoners 69 Rebuilding the Church at Welbeck Street 81 The New Chapel of the Russian Embassy 86 v

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5. 1842–1875: Father Eugene Popoff, Pastor to English-Speaking Converts 91 The Anglican Movement Toward Orthodoxy 91 Stephen Hatherly and the Missionary Plans of Counts Alexander and Dimitry Tolstoy 113 Dr Joseph Overbeck and Plans for Western Rite Orthodoxy 135 Death of Father Eugene Popoff: Father Basil Popoff as Rector 143 6. 1877–1919: Archpriest Eugene Smirnoff 149 The Embassy Church and Its People 149 Contact with Orthodox in Other Countries 165 assistance to Orthodox Missions in the Americas, India, and Spain 168 Contact with Anglicans 174 World War I 184 7. 1919–1922: The Church in Exile 191 The Revolution and Civil War 191 The Formation of the Parish in London 194 The Beginning of Parish Life 197 The Evacuation of Southern Russia and the Beginning of the Church Abroad 203 The Arrival of Father John Lelioukhin 207 The Parish and the Church Hierarchy 214 St Philip’s Church 219 8. 1923–1927: St Philip’s Church 227 Parish Life: 1923–1925 227 The 1,600th Anniversary of the Council of Nicaea 234 a Definitive Statement on Anglican–Orthodox Relations 237 archbishop Seraphim of Finland 239 The Schism in Western Europe 242 9. 1928–1932: Bishop Nicholas (Karpoff) 251 The Arrival of Archimandrite Nicholas 251 Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky): Impressions of Abbess Elisabeth 252 The Consecration of Bishop Nicholas 254 Parish Life Under the Leadership of Bishop Nicholas 257 Bishop Nicholas: A Spiritual Portrait 262 The Death and Testament of Bishop Nicholas 263

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10. 1933–1938: Archpriest Boris Molchanoff 267 a New Rector Comes from France 267 Visits from Archbishop Seraphim of Western Europe 272 a Closer Acquaintanceship with Father Boris Through His Writings 277 Visit of Archbishop Nestor and Arrival of Father Nicholas Gibbes 280 Miraculously Renewed Icons of St Savva and St Nicholas 285 Departure of Father Boris Molchanoff 290 11. 1938–1948: Archpriest Michael Polsky 291 Recollections of Melvin Mansur 291 Father Michael’s Life in Russia 292 Father Michael in London 305 World War II 311 in Memory of Father Michael Polsky 315 12. 1945–1950: The Second Wave of Emigrants 321 The Great Betrayal 321 The Fischbek Displaced Persons Camp 328 Soviet Interference in the Life of Russian Churches Outside Russia 336 13. 1948–1951: Archimandrite Vitaly (Oustinow) 343 Departure of Father Michael Polsky 343 Pastor of Displaced Persons 348 Recollections of Paul Uspensky 360 The Orthodox Review 364 Visit by Metropolitan Anastassy and the Miraculous Kursk Icon 372 Consecration as Bishop and Departure for Brazil 374 14. 1951–1959: Archbishop Nikodem: The Preston Diocese 383 Bishop Nathaniel of Preston and The Hague 383 archimandrite Nikodem: Life Before Coming to England 389 Development of the Parish and Diocese Under Archimandrite Nikodem 392 Russian London in the 1950s 403 impressions of a Visit to St Philip’s by Timothy Ware 412 arrival of the Nuns from Palestine 415 archbishop John (Maximovitch) in England 419 Consecration of Archimandrite Nikodem as Bishop of Preston 425 Wanderings in the Wilderness 433

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15. 1959–1976: Archbishop Nikodem: Emperor’s Gate 443 Opening of the New Church at Emperor’s Gate 443 Development of Parish Life at Emperor’s Gate 449 Establishment of the Convent of the Annunciation in Willesden 460 Ecumenism and Mission 464 archbishop Nikon’s Visit to England 478 Galina von Meck 483 Gerald Palmer 496 Father George Cheremetieff as Convent Priest 506 The Last Years of Archbishop Nikodem 514 16. 1976–1989: The Last Years at Emperor’s Gate 525 archimandrite Alexis as Diocesan Administrator 525 Bishop Constantine 530 The Russian Dissident Movement 534 Bishop Mark of Berlin, Germany, and Great Britain 538 Leaving Emperor’s Gate 547 17. 1990–2009: Building the New Cathedral at Harvard Road 551 Moving to Harvard Road 551 architectural Design and Fund-Raising 561 Building the New Church 568 Convent of the Annunciation: Repose of Abbesses Elisabeth and Seraphima 578 Water Damage and Interior Finishing of the Lower Church 582 Reconciliation with the Moscow Patriarchate 587 Finishing the Upper Church: Installing the New Iconostasis 594

Appendix 1 Guidance from Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow Regarding English Converts to Orthodoxy 605 Appendix 2 Persons Mentioned Glorified as Saints 613 Appendix 3 List of Bishops and Priests of the London Russian Orthodox Church 615 Appendix 4 Ecclesiastical Ranks in the Orthodox Church 619 Notes 621 Sources 643 Acknowledgments 671 Index 673

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Millennial Celebrations Ideally history should be written backwards rather than forwards, because the past becomes interesting, at least initially, as it explains how we have arrived at the present. We find the recent past more compelling because we can more easily see how it explains our present situation, whereas events that occurred several centuries ago often seem remote and disconnected from our lives today. For example, the story behind the building of the Russian Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God at Harvard Road in Chiswick in West London has many fascinating and inspiring elements, not least of which is its connection with the living tradition of the ancient Pskov style of church architecture. This in turn raises questions about why the church was built in Chiswick, where the parish was located previously, and why it had to move. From there we can go further back to explore whether the church was established by refugees after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and we find that by then it had already existed for some two hundred years, founded by Greeks at the initiative of the Russian Emperor, Peter the Great. Nevertheless, due to constraints of grammar and literary convention, it will be more practical to follow the normal approach and begin at the beginning, that is, 1713. This text began its life on April 26, 1987. The following year, 1988, would mark the Millennium of Russian Christianity, being the thousandth anniversary of the baptism of St Vladimir and the people of Kiev. As it was uncertain what celebrations, if any, would be allowed in the Soviet Union, the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad felt a particular responsibility to mark this event in a fitting fashion. In April 1987, then Bishop Mark, recently appointed to lead the parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in Great Britain, held a meeting with some parishioners to discuss how best to honour this millennium. At that meeting I agreed to do some research on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in London, with a view to preparing a brief xiii

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account that the bishop could print at his monastery in Germany, and that would be ready in time for the celebrations the following year. I circulated an appeal for information. In reply I received many sugges- tions of who to ask, but had trouble gaining concrete information; each person referred me to someone else or suggested I should have asked someone who had recently died. Then I was told that all the old parish records were lodged in the Public Record Office (now the National Archives), at that time located in Chancery Lane in London. This seemed to me rather improbable, but, as I was working near Chancery Lane at the time, I thought I might as well see if there was any substance in this idea. To my astonishment, I found an entire section of the archives categorized as “Non parochial Regis- ters,” which contained numerous files described as “Archives of the Russian Orthodox Church in London,” covering the period from 1713 to 1926. Some of the earlier materials were in Greek and others were in English, but the vast majority were in Russian. In many cases, the files kept in London contained rough, handwritten drafts in spidery writing, using pre-Revolution- ary Russian spelling, of reports that had evidently been transcribed into a fair copy before being sent on to St Petersburg. Archival materials speak to the reader on various levels. First, there is the specific information contained in the document, which may be difficult to interpret without knowing its exact purpose and the context in which it was written. But second, there is also the unwritten content—the tone of the document and the presumptions that lie behind it. Amid the bureaucratic reports there is some very valuable material, such as a letter from Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow about Anglican beliefs, and the reports of Father Eugene Popoff about his visits to Russian soldiers held in prisoner of war camps in England during the Crimean War. The most vivid and fascinating material was the minutes of the meetings held in 1919 as the Embassy church was reorganized as a parish in accor- dance with the directives of the Russian Church Council held in 1917–1918 (see Chapter 7). Locating this archive was the breakthrough that convinced me that research into the history of the parish could produce something interesting and substantive. This material, however, did not extend beyond 1926. Grad- ually, additional information came to light about more recent times. At first it formed an incomplete patchwork, but with time a more complete picture began to emerge as links between different periods were filled in. It soon became apparent that completing this project in time for the millennium celebrations would not be a realistic objective. A four-page brochure was printed and distributed at the special church service held in July 1988 and

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given to guests at the banquet that followed. This provided a brief overview of the history of the parish with promises of a more complete study becoming available in the near future. The 1988 pamphlet did not, of course, hint at how long it would take for the book to be completed. The lack of information at the early stages was replaced by an overwhelming volume of material of all kinds—documents from the past, lovingly preserved cuttings from old newspapers in various languages, accounts written in the past, and newer accounts written in response to my appeal for information—all of which would help to preserve the memory of people who would otherwise be forgotten. However, to sort all this and incorporate it into the already partially drafted text became a daunting task. For this and various other reasons, work ground to a halt in the early 1990s. After the fall of Soviet Communism, from time to time I received enquiries from Russia about specific individuals who had spent time in London. Then in 2009, two factors combined to help push this work to a conclusion. First, there were celebrations of the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall—a vivid reminder of the passage of time since work on this history had begun. Second, I renewed my acquaintance with an old friend, Nicolas Mabin, who had recently retired from a professional career in the City of London. He agreed to help me shape the manuscript into pass- able condition, proofreading and preparing it in a form suitable for submis- sion to a publisher. At this point, some of the text was in the form of a typed manuscript, some had been typed on a computer using an old Word Perfect programme, and some took the form of incomplete handwritten drafts. With the passage of time, I had also added two final chapters dealing mainly with the building of the new church in Chiswick. The delay has allowed me to bring the account to a more satisfactory conclusion. In 1988 the parish faced an uncertain future, as it was on the verge of having to leave its church prem- ises because the lease had expired. By 2009, however, the new church was substantially complete pending finishing touches and consecration.

A Microcosm of Russian Church History in the Emigration I persevered with this history in part because I began to realize that the material that had come into my hands was more than just a family history. As I wrote in the 1988 millennium brochure,

The research into past history became increasingly fascinating, as the materials studied gave access to a series of “lost worlds”—in particular the church of the Imperial Russian Embassy in the 19th century and the

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Russian émigré community between the wars. Yet these are not really “lost worlds,” because the Orthodox Church sees herself as the unity of all present and past generations of Orthodox Christians, who are bound together by bonds of love and prayer, while the unchanging nature of Orthodoxy gives a permanent value to the examples and teachings of past generations.

The Russian Orthodox community in England, especially after the Revolu- tion, was part of a larger worldwide emigration and experienced many of the same joys and sorrows, as well as the same achievements in establishing their communities and church life in a new land. Many Russian churches in different parts of the world had their beginning in pre-Revolutionary times and were connected with embassies, consulates, or other Russian institutions abroad. However, focusing on one specific community, while at the same time placing local events in their wider historical context, enables us to wit- ness these developments in a more intimate and real fashion than would be provided by a broader overview. The strength and weakness of history is that by the time it is written we know what happened and how it ended. But those who lived through these same events often were shaken and swept off their feet by happenings they did not understand, with no idea of where they would be tomorrow or when, if ever, they would be able to return home. Looking closely into the life of one parish also allows us to share more intimately in experiences that were common to most émigré parishes all over the world. At the same time, the history of the London parish has a number of interesting and unique features of its own. Among its leading clergymen were Archbishop Nikodem, a former White Army general who later became a monk and then a bishop; Father Michael Polsky, who slipped away from custody in the 1920s and wandered the length and breadth of Soviet Rus- sia before escaping and becoming a warm hearted and much-loved émigré pastor; Father Eugene Popoff, who was not only a caring pastor of Embassy officials but also worked extensively with Anglicans and converts to Ortho- doxy; Father James Smirnove, who did double service as a diplomat; and Father Eugene Smirnoff, who presided over the transition period after the Revolution, including the transformation of the chapel in Welbeck Street into a parish of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. Thus the book covers three distinct periods: (1) The period from 1713 to 1917, when the London church was connected with the diplomatic mission of Imperial Russia; (2) the period from 1917 to 1991, when it was a church of refugees from communist Russia and their descendants; and (3) the period since then, when it has become a church primarily of people who have come

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to England voluntarily, principally from the former Soviet Union and East- ern Europe. While the circumstances of the church in London were very different after the Russian Revolution, we note a distinct continuity among people who had served the Embassy church for decades under the Imperial regime and continued to do so after the Revolution. This is partly because the Embassy church was never located in an embassy building (which the Soviet regime would have taken over and closed down, as happened in Germany) but had a distinct independent origin and always served the needs of people other than just the embassy staff. After the Second World War, parishes started opening in provincial centres as well as London, which became the centre of a deanery and then a diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. At various times there were parishes in Manchester, Bradford, Leeds, Nottingham, Dublin, and Wals- ingham. More recently parishes have opened in Felixtowe, Colchester, Met- tingham (Suffolk), Wallasey (near Liverpool), and Stradbally (in Ireland). These parishes are mentioned as they affect the life of the London parish and its clergy, but we cannot cover the life of each of them in detail. The chapters are of uneven length and differing content. This reflects both the kind of material that was available and also the differing functions of the church over these periods. During the periods when the church served refugees, prayers were continually offered for the “suffering land of Russia” and individually for peoples’ relatives who died during periods of bloodshed or disappeared without a trace. To some extent, refugees cannot help but live in the past, and I have devoted considerable space to what could be called the “backstory”—the experiences of refugees before they arrived in England. Chapter 7 includes material about the Russian Revolution and Civil War, including the various routes by which exiles reached London. Chapter 11 includes extensive extracts from Father Michael Polsky’s own accounts of his experiences in Russia before he escaped over the frontier into Persia. Chapter 12 includes descriptions of displaced persons in Germany after the Second World War and their attempts to escape repatriation to the Soviet Union with the help of clergymen of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad who later served in England. Chapter 15 draws on the published and unpublished memoirs of Galina von Meck, daughter of a pre-Revolutionary railway mag- nate who settled in London after the Second World War. The copy of Father Michael Polsky’s book Положение Церкви в Советской России [The situation of the Church in Soviet Russia], from which I took the extracts presented in Chapter 11, was given to me in 1970 by Maximilian Albrecht, a parishioner who had received the autographed

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copy from the author himself. Because it was an old and worn-looking book, and my Russian was not very good at the time, I did not pay much atten- tion to it and soon forgot about it. However, when working on the initial draft of this chapter in 1988, I went up into the loft of the house in Ted- dington where I was then living, to look through some boxes of old papers to see if I had anything relevant. I found the old book inscribed to Maximilian Albrecht and took it downstairs. I found it was written with such a vivid style that I could not put it down and stayed up half the night reading it. This was the first book Father Michael wrote after leaving Russia in 1931. All his opinions were supported by direct personal experiences and meetings with leading ecclesiastical figures, some of them during his time confined in the Solovetsky prison camp, so I had no hesitation including extensive extracts from this first-class historical material. After returning to Canada in 1991, I mentioned this to Metropolitan Vitaly, then First Hierarch of the Rus- sian Orthodox Church Abroad, who was also the Archbishop of Canada and had known Father Michael during his time in London and had an immense respect for him. I gave my copy of the book to the metropolitan, and he had it reprinted at his printing press in Montreal. Later, it was further reprinted in Russia. The original of the book disappeared during the reprinting process, but it was good to know that its contents could again be made known after spending so many years hidden in a box in Teddington. Inevitably, the results of historical research depend on the person who carries it out. Another person might not have climbed up into a dusty loft but might have discovered other information that I did not. In particular, some might think that this book overemphasizes the clergy by comparison with the laypeople who made up the parish. Another person with better contacts might have found out more than I have about the faithful families who made up the body of the church from one generation to the next, and indeed about other aspects of the life of the church in London which I have overlooked. While I hope readers will find this account interesting and edifying, I make no claim to completeness.

Metropolitan Anthony Bloom For many people who have heard anything about the Russian Ortho- dox Church in London, the one name that they associate with it is that of Metropolitan Anthony (Bloom). Therefore, it may come as a surprise and disappointment that he is mentioned here only in passing. As more fully explained in Chapters 8, 12, and 14, the Russian Orthodox Church in Lon- don was affected by the divisions among Russian Orthodox believers after

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the Revolution that ultimately led to a schism in 1926. From that point for- ward, this history is concerned primarily with the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, otherwise known as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia or the Russian Orthodox Church in Exile. The other parish formed in 1926 belonged to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and then, at the end of the Second World War, transferred allegiance to the Patriarchate of Moscow. Metropolitan Anthony, who had grown up as an émigré in France, was sent to London in 1950 to lead the parish under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, first as a priest and later as a bishop. He remained in this position until his death in 2003. In 2007, following the reconciliation between the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and the Patriarchate of Moscow, the two London parishes entered into eucharistic communion, although each has retained its separate organizational structure. For periods after the Revolution and the 1926 schism, the focus of the present study is on the presence of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in London. After the reconciliation in 2007, I considered the possibility of add- ing some information about the history of the Patriarchal parish. However, in the end I decided this would be unduly time-consuming and even somewhat presumptuous. The Patriarchal parish at Ennismore Gardens has from time to time published articles dealing with its own history, but it would take extensive further research to write additional chapters to add to this book. Metropolitan Anthony himself was a well-known figure and much has been written about him already, both by Orthodox and non-Orthodox writers. To do justice to his many-facetted personality appears to have been somewhat of a challenge even to those who knew him well. In Chapter 17, I describe the process of unification between the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and the Moscow Patriarchate, including meetings between clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and Metropolitan Anthony toward the end of his life. His memory will be preserved by others in numerous articles and books already written. The focus of this book is on other edifying and fascinating personalities whose memory is already beginning, undeservedly, to fade.

Research and Sources This book is based primarily on unpublished materials—papers held in the National Archives, personal interviews, and parish records—as well as church and émigré periodic publications. Other published sources have been consulted primarily for background information. In books on historical top- ics I observed a wide variety of different practices in citing sources. At one extreme, the author provides a footnote supporting virtually every statement

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made, while at the other, there are no footnotes at all but simply a “Select Bib- liography” as a guide for further reading. I think that a text where every page is knee-deep in footnotes can be difficult to read, while a lack of information about sources can be perplexing and confusing. The present text consists of seventeen chapters, each representing a period—generally the incumbency of a particular clergyman as rector of the parish. Each chapter is further sub- divided into sections, each dealing with a particular aspect or development of church life during that period. After the last chapter I have provided a list of sources for the entire book. For each section of each chapter I have indicated the main sources of the information presented in that section. For materials in the National Archives I have identified the exact file references, while for published sources I have given the normal citations of author, title, date, and place of publication.

Appendixes of Supplementary Material Four appendixes contain material that I think is important but might otherwise interrupt the flow of the narrative. Rather than use the Library of Con- gress system for transliterating Russian names that indicates how the name was spelled in the original Russian alphabet, I chose to translate names in a way that better indicates how they are pronounced. Where possible, I used the English spelling people actually used for their own names. I have also provided a chart explaining ecclesiastical ranks both for married and monastic clergy. Christopher Birchall Deacon of the Russian Orthodox Church

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Note: Page numbers with p indicate photographs. Page numbers with n indicate notes.

Ackerman, Ariadne, 260p Alexander of Germany, Archbishop, acoustics, Harvard Road, 562–563 425p Æcumenical Throne of the East, Alexandra, Empress of Russia, 156, 102. See also Constantinople, 389, 613 Patriarch of Alexandra, Queen of England/ Afanassy (Mogilev), Archimandrite, Great Britain, 164, 193, 221p 329p Alexandria, delegation from Agapit of Stuttgart, Bishop, 586 patriarchate, 2–10, 621n11 Aggei of Belgorod and Oboyan, Alexandrovich, Nicholas, Tsarevich, Bishop, 31 152, 234. See also Nicholas II agricultural methods, 23, 24, 25, Alexandrovna, Maria, Empress/ 46–48 Grand Duchess, 85, 122, 145, Aland Islands, 625n8 146, 155, 163, 164, 446, Alban, St, 534, 601 632n11 Albrecht, Alexandra Petrovna, 398 Alexandrovna, Xenia, Grand Alexander, General, 326, 407 Duchess, 193, 195p, 224, 261, Alexander I, Tsar/Grand Duke of 273, 274, 282p, 283, 311, 359, Russia, 24, 46, 48, 168 363, 399, 453, 632n11, 637n15 Alexander II, Tsar/Emperor/Grand Alexei, Priest-monk, 294 Duke of Russia, 59, 80, 81, 85, Alexis, Patriarch, 337 92, 145, 155, 158 Alexis, Tsarevitch, 408 Alexander III, Tsar/Emperor of Alexis II, Metropolitan/Patriarch, Russia, 164, 182 588, 596

673

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Alexis (Pobjoy), Archimandrite/ Ampenoff, Galina, 207, 208, 415, 416 Father, 617. See also Pobjoy, Ampenoff, Nonna, 207 Angus Ampenoff, Rufina, 207, 510p, Harvard Road and, 585, 595, 638n24 596 Ampenoff, Valeria Ivanovna, 346, last years at Emperor’s Gate, 398, 452, 461p 525–530, 526p, 531, 534, Ampenoff, Vsevolod, 222, 247, 252 545p Ampenoff family, 262, 634n9 Nikodem and, 522 Amphiteatroff, Philaret, Alfred, Prince/Duke of Edinburgh, Metropolitan of Kiev, 627n6 145, 155, 163 Amvrossy, Father, 395, 400 Alipy, Archimandrite, 555 Ananin, Alexei Stepanovitch, 317, Alipy, Igoumen, 504 346, 398, 439, 443, 638n24 All-Emigration Church Sobor, Ananin, Antonina Vladimirovna, 244–245, 280 284, 455p, 459, 476p, 480, 513p, Allies 519, 536p, 545p, 546, 560p, 595 World War I, 192, 201, 207 Ananin, Artemy, 230 World War II, 322–323, 338 Ananin family, 307 All-Night Vigil Service of the Russian Anastassy, Archbishop/ Orthodox, The, 233 Metropolitan, 206, 238–239, All-Russian Church Council, 195, 273, 274, 305, 336, 339, 343, 240 372–374, 391, 416, 457, 494– All Saints at Ennismore Gardens, 495, 636n9, 636n3, 640n21 434, 435–437 Anatoly of Kerch, Archbishop, 586, All Saints, Podvoria. See Podvoria 592, 593, 594, 601, 602 All Saints of Russia, 420 Anchor, 538, 544, 545p, 546, 546p, altar, 131, 225, 241, 326, 443, 444, 550, 556 446, 450, 463 Ancram, Colquhon, Captain, 314p altar table, 82, 165, 208, 210, 326, Andreyev, Natasha, 491 631n22 Andronik, Hierodeacon, 569 ambo, 430, 444, 638n4 Anglican American Church, 106. Ambrose (Pogodin), Ambrose, See also American Episcopal Archimandrite/Priest-monk/ Church. Father, 384p, 395, 446, 449, Anglican and Eastern Churches 454–455, 472, 616 Association, 100, 233, 237, 241 American Episcopal Church, Anglicans. See also American 110–111. See also Anglican Episcopal Church, Anglican American Church churches, Church of England American Revolution, 21–22 Birkbeck and, 174–184

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Council of Nicaea, anniversary, Anthony (Bloom), Anthony, 234–235 Metropolitan, xviii, xix, 468, Embassy church and, 56 592, 593, 637n10. See also Hatherly and, 133 Sourozhsky, Antony Khomiakov and, 138 Anthony (Khrapovitsky), movement toward Orthodoxy in, Metropolitan of Kiev/ 4, 91–113, 149, 237–239 Archbishop of Volhynia Neale and, 100–102 Ambrose and, 454 Non-Jurors and, 4–9 Council of Nicaea anniversary Orthodox delegation from and, 234–235, 237 Alexandria and, 3–10 Elisabeth and, 252–254 refugee aid, 202 Embassy church and, 215– 217 Seraphim of Finland and, 241 evacuation of southern Russia Smirnoff and, 149, 152, 175 and, 204– 207 support for Church in Russia, 272 Nicholas (Karpoff) and, 251, 263, Anglican churches. See also All 264 Saints at Ennismore Gardens, Nikon and, 639n19 St Mary-le-Bow, St Philip’s return to the fatherland and, 227 St Augustine, 558 schism in Western Europe and, St Sepulchre, 550 242–245 Anglican National Pilgrimage, Seraphim of Finland and, 240 283p Vitaly and, 358 Anglican parish of St Stephen’s, 527, Anthony of San Francisco, 547 Archbishop, 589 Anglo-Catholicism, 91–93, 95, 97, Anthony (Sinkevitch), 101 Archimandrite/Archbishop of Anglo-Catholic Movement, 10, 92. Los Angeles, 416, 462, 637n12 See also Oxford Movement anti-Communist refugee groups, Anglo-Orthodox union, 174 352 Anglo-Russian Committee, 202 anticommunist Serbian exiles, 456 Anglo-Russian relations, 140, 157 antimension, 208, 210, 301, 302, Ann, Countess Dowager of 631n22 Sheffield, 37 anti-Soviet emigration, 323 Anne, Queen, 3 Antonius of Finland, Bishop, 179 Anthony (Bartochevitch), Aponi, Anna Alexandrovna, Archimandrite/Bishop/ Countess, 64, 144, 625n5 Archbishop of Geneva, 432, Apostasy of the Nation, The (Keble), 455, 523p, 525, 538, 541, 543, 92 617 apse, Emperor’s Gate, 444, 445p

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Arbuthnot, John, 23 Avraamy, Hieromonk, 568, 595, Archangelsky, Alexei, General, 407 642n8 architectural design, Harvard Road, Azanchevsky-Azancheyeff, 554, 561–568 Alexander Matveyevitch, 214 Argaieff, Anton Ilyich, 211 Arkhiereiskoye Podvoriye, 259. See Balkans, 40, 42, 59, 69, 207 also Podvoria baptism. See also chrismation Arndt, Michael, 539. See also Mark of converts, 95, 622n1 (Arndt) of Kiev by St Vladimir, 544 Arsenius III, Serbian Patriarch, North and, 35–38 587 Palmer (William) and, 95–96 Arsenius IV, Serbian Patriarch, 587 parish records of, 2, 34, 64, 68, Arsenius of Thebes, Metropolitan, 116 2–10, 182, 621n11, 622n13 Prosalendis and, 35– 38 Arseny, Archimandrite, 545p Shevtel and, 162 Artemoff, Nikolai, Father, 545p Tolstoy and, 114 Art of Prayer: An Orthodox Anthology, Baptism, an oratoriette (Tolstoy), 121 The (Chariton), 500, 640n26 Baptism of Russia, anniversaries of, Artsymovitch of Meudon, Michael, 175, 309, 545p, 546p, 577. See Father, 544 also Millennium of Russian As I Remember Them (von Meck), Christianity 483, 491 baptistery, Harvard Road, 586 Assembly of Hierarchs, 464 Baratchevsky’s Bookshop, 406 Association for a Free Russia, 536, Bariatinsky, Ivan Ivanovich, Prince, 542 33 Association of Orthodox Clergy in Barkhatoff, Silas Kirilovich, England, 401 Diachok, 18 atheism, 1, 191, 293, 296, 562 Bartholomew, Bishop, 293 Athenagoras, Archbishop, 401 Barton-on-Sea parish, 527 Athenagoras, Patriarch of Basil of Sergievo, Bishop, 585, 592 Constantinople, 466 Baulk, Peter, Father/Archpriest, Augustine of Hippo, St, 454, 528 585, 596, 597, 600, 601, 617 Australia bazaars, fund-raising, 229, 452 emigration to, 374–375, 383 Behr, Nicholas, Archpriest/Father, Russian Orthodox in, 552 247, 248, 339 Austria, 153, 344, 404, 634n1 “Belgrade Nightingales,” 284 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 184, Belikow, Yaroslav, Father/ 631n20 Archpriest, 594, 598, 600, 617 Averky, Bishop/Archbishop, 435 Belyaeff, Alexander, 31

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Benckendorff, Alexander, Count, Bolsheviks 193 Constantine’s father and, 530 Benjamin, Metropolitan, 215, 216, emigrants and, 190, 323 235 evacuation of southern Russia Benkendorff, Alexander and, 203–206 Konstantinovitch, Count, 154, Metropolitan Benjamin shot by, 215 158, 630n6–7 parish formation in London and, Bennigsen, Count, 349, 403, 404, 195 409 parish life in London and, 201, 202 Bentham, Jeremy, 47 Polsky and, 293, 294, 299 Berdyaev, Nicholas, 243 relations with regime of, 194, 302, Berlin Embassy chapel, 622n13 632n6 Berlin Wall, fall of, 588 Revolution/Civil War in Russia Bethell, Nicholas, 321, 326, 408 and, 191–193, 293 Bezborodko, Count, 39 Theokritoff and, 222 Birchall, Christopher, Protodeacon, von Meck and, 488 532p, 545p, Bolshevism, 191, 192, 206, 555 Birkbeck, William, 93, 174–179, 183, Bond, Andrew, Deacon, 536p 187, 241, 631n17–18, 632n8 Book of Common Prayer, 92 Birmingham parish, 544 Boris, St, 528 births Bortniansky, Dmitry, 210 in parish register, 28, 31, 32 Bostrem, Ivan Feodorovitch, 159 in royal circles, 62 Boswell, James, 21 bishops Boudnikoff, Mlle Parascève, 213 after Revolution, 337 Bradford parish, 348p, 355–357, appearance of, 30 370–371, 395, 397, 544 Bishops’ Council of 1953, 419 “branch theory,” 174 Bishops’ Council of 1964, 458 Brazil Bishops’ Council of 1967, 456 Moisseyevsky and, 395, 636n7 Bishops’ Council of 1971, 469 Vitaly and, 375, 381, 383, 385 Bishops’ Council of 1986, 538 Brechin Place, 435, 462, 471 Bjering, Nicholas, 151 Brey, Eugene, 407 Blackmore, R. W., 97, 101 Britain. See England Black Sea Clauses, 142, 143 British Army, 192, 329 Blessing of the Waters, 12, 558, 585 British Church, 5 Bobrinskoy, Olga, Countess, 513p British Council for Aid to Refugees, Body and Blood of Christ, 4, 141 404 Bogdan, Valentina, 315 British Council for Refugees Home, Bogoliuboff, D. I., 293 455p

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British empire, 157, 180 Byelorussian Church, 356, 635n5 British Expeditionary Force, 192, Byzantine chant, 17 193 Byzantine Greek, 12 British government Byzantine heritage, 135, 594 Balkans and, 40 Byzantium, 35 displaced persons and, 321, 344 Russian intentions toward India calendar, Church, 278–279 and, 170 Cambridge Camden Society, 96 Russian Provisional Government Cameron, Nelly, 161 and, 193–194 camp, Soviet labor, at Mariinsk, 489 British Medical Journal, 229 camps, displaced persons. See Brompton Cemetery, 352, 353p, 515, Fischbek camp, Klein St Veit 525 camp Brookwood Cemetery, 529, 530 Canada, 184–185, 374, 381, 454, 481 Brotherhood of St Photius, 228 Canonical Status of the Supreme Brotherhood of St Seraphim of Church Administration in Sarov (Yugoslavia), 390 the USSR and Abroad, The Brotherhood of St Seraphim of (Polsky), 347 Sarov (Walsingham), 474, 477, Canterbury, Archbishop of, 107, 478, 483, 522, 525 233, 235, 239 Brotherhood of the Nativity of the Canterbury Convocation, 105 Most Holy Mother of God, 168 Carlisle, Bishop of, 131 Brunnow, Baron, 58–61, 63, 66, 68, Cassanno, Bartholomew, Priest/ 71, 81, 84, 143, 155, 625n4 Father, 3, 13, 14, 19, 622n11, Brussels, 147, 151, 248, 249, 273, 407, 615 426–431 Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Brussels Embassy Church, 151 146 Brussels Memorial Church, 425p Cathedral of St Alexander Nevsky, Buckingham Palace, 164, 453p, 535 244 Building Committee, 554, 556, 561, Cathedral of the Dormition, 289, 562, 583 459, 463, 480, 546, 572, 585 Bulgakov, Sergius, Father/ Catherine I, Empress of Russia, 9 Metropolitan, 243, 244, 245, Catherine the Great, Empress of 299, 301, 337, 339 Russia, 14, 23, 24, 37, 39, 40, Bulganin, Nikolai, 410, 422 41, 411, 623n7 Bulgaria, 151, 158, 206, 224, 228, 230 Catholic Church. See Roman Bulletin (Russian Refugees Relief Catholic Church Association), 404, 405, 406, Catholic Church of Christ, 409, 432 division, 91

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Catholic Orthodoxy and Anglo- China Catholicism (Overbeck), 137 Church in Exile and, 207 Catterick prisoner of war camp, 323 Gibbes and, 282 Cenotaph litya, for Russian Royal Maximovitch and, 383, 420, 425 Family, 512p, 513p, 514 Molchanoff and, 277, 280 chanter, defined, 17, 31, 155 Nathaniel and, 329 Chariton, Igoumen, 500, 640n26 Nestor and, 310 Charles, Prince of Wales, 642n7 Nikodem and, 383, 455 Charles I, King, 641n32 Polsky and, 347 Charova, Vera, 407 schism in Western Europe and, Chavchavadze, Paul, Prince, 221p 242 Chekhov, Anton, 463 Smirnoff and, 167 Chelsea College, 441 Voznesensky and, 457 Cheremetieff, D. C., Count, 196 Chmutin, Arcadi, 222 Cheremetieff, George, Father/ choir Archpriest, 395, 395p, 414, 418, “Belgrade Nightingales,” 284 435, 437, 616 at Embassy church, 152, 154–155, Arndt and, 542 198, 210 as convent priest, 506–514, 508p, at Emperor’s Gate, 449–450, 451 510p at Harvard Road, 585, 595–596 death of, 506 monastic singing, 438 ecumenism and, 471, 472 Polsky and, 292 Emperor’s Gate and, 446, 447p, choir directors 449, 453, 454, 460 Ananin, 545p, 546 Nikodem and, 514 Khaltygin, 440p Palmer (Gerald) and, 501, 502, 504 Kobrina, 585, 595, 596 Cheremetieff, V. V., 165 Rodzianko, 284 Cherkesky, Genrikh, 61, 64 at St Philip’s, 247 Chernysheff, Count/Ambassador, Volkovsky, 292p, 376 14, 15 choral singing, Russian, 17 Chesham House, 193, 229, 232 chrismation, 12, 622n1 Chessington, chapel in, 257 Christ Church, Oxford, 35 Chichester, Bishop of, 96, 97 Christian East, The, 174 children Christianity, 293, 334, 412, 497, 498, sisterhood of St Xenia and, 224 500 St Philip’s Church parish life and, Christian IX, King of Denmark, 193 233 Christmas, 346, 439, 441, 463 suffering from Civil War in Christmas Epistle for 1922, 227 Russia, 211–212 Christovich, Count, 66

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chronicles of church life, in Orthodox Church of Greece, 587 Review, 365–366, 367–368, Church of Rome, 115–116. See also 369–370 Roman Catholic Church Chrysanthus of Jerusalem, Church of St Alexis Metropolitan, Patriarch, 7, 9 530 Church Fathers, 277, 278, 364, 378, church of St John of Shanghai, 601 514, 543 church of St Marylebone, 33 church fittings, Harvard Road, 572 Church of St Vladimir, 530 Church hierarchy Church of the Dormition, 152, 215 Molchanoff and, 279 Church of the Dormition of the parish and, 214–219 Mother of God, 1, 13 Churchill, Winston, 192, 322 Church of the Holy Dormition, 15, Church in Exile. See also Russian 17, 62. Church Abroad, Russian Church of the Holy Wisdom, 164, 205 Orthodox Church Church of the Iveron Mother of beginnings in London, 1, 191–194 God, 264 Lelioukhin and, 208–210 Church of the Saviour, 34, 89 mission of, 464 Church Review, 146 refugees from southern Russia Church Slavonic, 19, 174, 284, 415, and, 203–207, 211 476, 526, 528, 596, 630n16 Church Life, 355, 372, 636n8 Church Times, The, 132, 133, 221, 276 Church of Christ, 102, 168, 278, 518, churchwardens. See Burenik, 556, 591, 603 Goodman, Kleinmichel, Church of Christ the Saviour, 591 Vsevolod, Wolcough Church of England. See also Civil War, in Russia, 191–194, 211, Anglicans, English Church 267, 322, 390, 407 Emperor’s Gate and, 541 Clarence House, 145–146, 163 Gorham and, 627n5 Clarendon, Earl of, 66 Nikodem and, 465 clergy. See Russian clergy Overbeck and, 137, 143 “Come back to Russia” campaign, Popoff and, 91, 100, 102–105 352–353 Riley and, 219 Commission on Discussions. See shared use of churches, 208, ROCOR Commission 434–436, 441 Committee of the Anglican and Shrine Church built by, 275 Eastern Churches Association, Stanley and, 627n8 233 Wassilieff and, 109–111 communism church of Our Lady, the Joy of All atheistic, 562 Who Sorrow, 601 Cossacks and, 326, 407

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fighting with Germans against, 322 Contakion of the Departed, 631n18 future of Russia after, 227–228 convent at Ein Karim, 634n9 Hilarion and, 300 Convent of the Annunciation, Maria Nikolayevna and, 209 438, 455, 460–464, 461p, Polsky and, 291, 293–300 502, 511, 527, 542, 543p, 544, Russian, 191 578–579, 581–582, 592. See also Serbian Church and, 456 Elisabeth (Ampenoff) Solzhenitsyn and, 535 Convent of the Resurrection of Communist regime in Russia, 191, Christ (Bethany), 415, 637n11 555, 587–589, 641n1, 642n4 Cossacks, 204, 271p, 322, 325–327, concentration camps, 359, 409, 491, 350, 407–408, 432–433, 436– 543 437, 447, 634n10, 634n1, 641n1 Conciliar Church, 118, 398 Council of Bishops of the Russian conciliar principle, 244, 464 Church Abroad, 194, 200, 240, confession 243, 244 lists, 31–32, 51, 52, 64, 66, 68, 71, Councils of Bishops, 205, 260, 263, 116, 625n5 329, 425, 464 practices, 199 Council of Nicaea, anniversary, confessions of faith 234–237 by Dositheus, 9 Couriss, Nicholas, Father, 527p Khomiakov and, 94 Court of St James, 32 Ludwell and, 19–20 Covel, John, 4 Overbeck and, 135, 137 creed, 101, 104, 105–106, 235, 236 Smirnoff and, 168 Crimean War, 59, 68, 96, 142, 626n16 consecration prisoners, 69–81, 422 of Nicholas, 254–257, 256p crisis of 1791, 39–44 of Nikodem as Bishop of Preston, Cross, A. G., 30, 53 425–433, 425p cross, Harvard Road, 574–575, 577 Constantine, Archimandrite, 436 crypt, Harvard Road, 567 Constantine, Grand Duke, 24, 141 Cup of Christ, The, 581 Constantine (Jesensky) of Richmond cupola, Harvard Road, 574, 575, and Great Britain, Bishop, 575p, 576p, 577, 582, 599p 530–534, 531p, 532p, 538–539, Czechoslovakia, 228, 310, 329, 347 617 Constantine of Constantinople, Dabich, Sergei, Archimandrite, 215, Patriarch, 156 216 Constantinides, Michael, 8 Dagmar, Mary Sophia Frederica, Constantinople, Patriarch of, 133, Princess of Denmark, 168 216, 217, 240, 244, 622n1 Dalmatians, 45

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Damianos of Jerusalem, Patriarch, Dobrotoliubiye, 498, 499, 500 235, 237 doctrine of the Church of England, Daniel, icon, 600 5, 92 Daniel, Prince, 164 Dogma of Redemption, The Danilewicz, Tatiana, 327, 396, 408, (Khrapovitsky), 514 422, 437 Dolgorouki, Alexis, Prince, 633n1 Dashkova, Princess in Russia, 28 Domanov, General, 326 David, Archimandrite, 617. See also Don Cossacks, 408. See also Cossacks Meyrick, Mark Dositheos, Patriarch of Jerusalem, Declaration of Metropolitan 9, 35 Sergius, 301 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 191, 631n1 Deisis tier/icon, Harvard Road, 598 Douglas, John, Canon, 235, 237, 238, Denikin, Anton, General, 194, 203 264 diachók’/diák, 17. See also Dowager Empress Marie. See Marie psalomshchik of Russia Diakovsky, Ephrem, Priest-monk/ Druzhakin, George Nikolayevitch, Father, 18, 20, 23, 615 Major, 327, 328, 397, 408 Diamond Jubilee, 151, 156, 157, 179 Dublin parish, 527, 593 Diligensky, Vladimir, Father, 202 Dubois, Yves, Father, 527, 533 diocesan congress, 456 Dukhovetsky, F. A., 196 Diocesan Council, 561 Dunkov, Margareta, 545p Diocese of Great Britain, 483, 517, Dunstan, St, 531 525, 526, 530, 538, 539, 575, 596 Durasova, S. A., 196 Diocese of Western Europe, 240, Dutch Consulate, 207 383, 387, 419, 420, 422, 425, 455, 538, 559, 633n3 Early Fathers from the Philokalia, displaced persons (DPs, DP 499, 500, 640n27 workers), 344, 345, 346, Easter 348–355, 374, 389. See also at Embassy church, 208 Fischbek camp at Emperor’s Gate, 534–535 Disraeli, Prime Minister, 158 at Harvard Road, 571–573, 597 Dissident Movement, Russian, Molchanoff and, 281 534–537 Nikolaevna and, 489–490 Divine Liturgy, 210, 222, 359, 400, Smirnoff and, 85, 154, 188–189 496, 549, 553, 569, 586, 596 at St Philip’s, 232, 247, 282, 434 in English, 122, 145 at St Mark’s, 441 Divine Services, 6, 243, 394, 415, at St Sepulchre, 550 419, 420, 483 Eastern Church, 98–99, 102–103, Djakally, Nina, 315p 105, 110, 112, 133

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Eastern Church Association, 100, Embassy church in London. See also 110, 122, 123, 132, 133, 237 London parish Eastern Orthodox Church, 3, 34, aid to Bulgarian Orthodox, 158 106–107, 136, 138, 234. See also Alexander II, visit by, 145 Orthodox Church art/metalwork in, 82 Eastern Orthodoxy, 135, 234 as chapel to the Russian Embassy, Eastern patriarchs, 8, 9, 97, 624n1 62, 86–90 Eastern Rite, 139, 143 at Clifford Street, 16, 48 ecumenism, 464–478 exterior of dome (2010), 89p Edinburgh, Duchess of, 145, 146 freehold of property (2010), Edinburgh, Duke of, 406 89–90 Edward, St, 528, 530, 531, 533 Greek Orthodox community Edward VII, King of United and, 34 Kingdom, 152, 164 Hatherly at, 121 Elements of Christian Doctrine interior (2010), 88p (Orloff), 156 Khomiakov, visit by, 95 Elisabeth (Ampenoff), Abbess/ lease, original, 624n11 Mother, 578p Lelioukhin and, 208–210 Anthony (Khrapovitsky) and, Ludwell family and, 19–20 252–254 Memorandum Book of, 136 arrival from Palestine, 415–418 move to Welbeck Street, 48–51 Cheremetieff and, 506–507, Neale at, 98 509–510, 510p North and, 39 Convent of the Annunciation origins of, 1–2, 14–15, 621n2 and, 458, 460, 461p, 463–464 Overbeck and, 137 John (Maximovitch) and, 420p, Paradise family and, 20–22 423, 424 parish formation, 194–197 Lelioukhin and, 234 parish formation and church Molchanoff and, 270 hierarchy, 214–219 Nicholas (Karpoff) and, 262–263, parish life at, 97–202, 210 264 Popoff and (See Popoff, Eugene) Polsky and, 305–307, 354 psalm-readers at, 31 repose of, 578–581 rebuilding at Welbeck Street, Elisey (Ganaba), Bishop, 593, 601, 81–89 602 Samborsky and, 23–25, 23p Elizabeth II, Queen of England, Smirnoff and, 2, 149–165, 403, 453p 188–189, 190 Elliott, Paul, Father, 601 Speransky and, 146 Ely, Bishop of, 131 as true “embassy,” 57

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Embassy Church in Paris, 105, 122 leaving, 547–550 emigrants/emigration. See also Meyrick and, 466, 475–476 immigrants, refugees Nikodem and, 446–523, 446p, displaced persons and, 374 450p, 458p Fischbek camp and, 328–336, Palmer (George) and, 443, 502 328p, 329p parish life at, 449–460 post-Revolution (See Church in Russian Dissident Movement Exile) and, 535–537 second wave (1945–1950), Solzhenitsyn, visit by, 534–535, 321–341 535p Soviet interferences in Russian von Meck and, 483–496, 483p churches outside Russia, wedding at, 447p 336–341 England/United Kingdom White Russian interpreters, 324 Alexander II and Maria émigré community in England, Alexandrovna, visit by, 192–193, 232, 325, 407 145, 155 émigrés Alexandrovitch, visit by, 152 anti-Imperial, 323 Alexis and, 528 anti-Soviet, 323 Anglo-Russian relations, 59, Communist refugees as, 227–228 158–60 Cossack genocide, 326–327 Arsenius and delegation to, 3–10 Moscow Patriarchate and, 337 Brunnow and, 59 theological differences among, Chernysheff and private chapel 243 in, 15 Vitaly and, 328–336, 348–349, Church in Russia and TV 354–355 programmes, 588 White Russian, 323 Constantine and, 531, 538 Yalta and, 322, 326 Crimean War and, 69–70, 81 in Yugoslavia, 389 education in 12, 103 Emperor’s Gate emigration to former colonies Alexis and, 525–530, 526p from, 374–375 Ananin and, 284, 459, 546 farming techniques in, 47 Arndt and, 538–547, 541p, 545p, Holy Places in, 366–367 549 “jingoism” in, 157 clergy at, 466p Kurakin, visit by, 7 consecration of, 496, 622n2 Kursk icon tour in, 372–374 interior, 444p, 445p Litkevich and, 31 last years at, 525–550 Ludwell and, 19 lease on, 527 Mikhailovna and, 64

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Nathaniel and, 355–356 English Philhellenes, 35 Nesselrode and, 59, 62–63 English-speaking converts, 91–147, Nicholas I, visit by, 62–63 476–477 Nikodem and Orthodox Ennismore Gardens, 434, 435–437, communities in, 394, 586, 597–602 401–403, 355 Ephrem, Father. See Diakovsky, Nikon, visit by, 478–483 Ephrem Paradise and, 21 episcopal office, Vitaly and, 376–381 prisoners of war interned in, episcopal rite, 201, 241, 248, 259, 449 69–81, 186, 285, 323–325 Established Church, 219, 632n9. See relations with France, 59 also Church of England Revolution in Russia and, Estonian Orthodox Church, 397, 191–192, 193 447 Russian clergy returning to, 13 Eucharist, 4, 8, 9, 87 Russian commercial interests in, European Voluntary Workers, 349, 160 354 Russian diplomats in, 29, 32–33, Euthymius, Hierodeacon, 568, 569 39, 44–46, 59–60, 70, Evangelicals (“Low Church”), 91 159–161 (See also Russian Evelpides, Dorotheos, 133 Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Evlogy, Metropolitan/Archbishop, Russian refugees in, 203, 207, 616, 635n5 350–351 Constantine and, 530 Samborsky and, 23–25 Council of Nicaea, anniversary, Smirnove and, 28–29, 46–48 235, 237 Turkey and, 39–40 death of, 338 Triple Entente and, 158 as diocesan bishop, 216–217 Vadkovsky, visit by, 151 involvement in London parish, von Meck and, 491 222–223, 224, 228, 233 Woronzow and, 32–33, 39, 43, Lelioukhin and, 209 45–47 Molchanoff and, 267– 269 English Church. See Anglicans, move to Paris, 228 Church of England return to Moscow Patriarchate, English language 337–339 Divine Liturgy in, 145, 214 schism in Western Europe and, as ecclesiastical language, 630n16 242–248, 339 training clergy in, 169 Seraphim of Finland and, 240–241 translated liturgical texts in, 12, 17 Smirnoff and, 199 Vitaly and, 354–355 St Philip’s Church and, 225, 228, English Liturgy, 122, 124, 528, 542 233

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expatriation, 354 Saints Peter and Paul, 356, 378, Extraordinary General Meeting, 375, 630n7 435, 438, 561 Saints Spyridon and Nikodem, 516 Faber and Faber, 499 St Hierotheos, 521 Faminsky, Konstantin Nikolaevitch, St Job of Pochaev, 336 154 St Mary Magdalene, 418, 462 Farewell to Russia (von Meck), 491 St Seraphim of Sarov, 435 feast day services, 156, 199, 208, 210, St Vitus, 432 263, 354, 439, 451, 593 St Vladimir, 309, 411 feasts Theophany, 539, 558 All Saints, 254, 259, 356 Whitsun (Pentecost, Anglican), All the Saints of Russia, 356 284 Annunciation, 462, 471 February Revolution, 191 Apostle Jude, 553 Fennel, Nicholas, Dr, 571 Apostle Philip, 569 Feoderoff, Constantine, Archpriest, Ascension, 591, 593 559 Dormition of the Mother of God Feodorovna, Marie, Dowager dedications to, 13, 225, 569, Empress. See Marie of Russia 597 Ferial Menaion, The (Orloff), 156 feast/patronal festival of, 448, festal tier, 598 593, 594 Fidelity Trust, 527, 547, 548 Elevation of the Holy Cross, 223, Fielding, Elizabeth, 23 518 Filioque, 101, 104–106, 168, 627n4 Entrance of the Mother of God Finland, 224, 240, 389, 625n8 into the Temple, 504 iconostasis from, 224–225 Holy Royal Martyrs of Russia, Orthodox in, 240–241 546 Fischbek camp, 328–336, 328p, 329p, Kursk icon of the Sign, 531 353, 395 Meeting of the Lord, 210 Fisher, Timothy, Brother, 531 Nativity of St John the Baptist, Flaviana, Mother, 450–451, 502, 456 640n30 Nativity of the Mother of God, Flor, Abbot, 542, 641n4 461, 598 Florinschi, Nikolai, Archpriest, 596 Pentecost (Holy Trinity), 63, 284, Foreign Department of 582 the Supreme Church Presentation of the Mother of Administration in South God in the Temple, 152 Russia, 215 Resurrection, 489 Fortunatoff, Father, 81

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Fox, Charles, 40–41 in parish registers, 12, 64 France for Popoff (Basil), 146–147, 151 attempt to start monastery in, for Royal Martyrs, 514. See also 336, 357 Cenotaph litya Crimean War and, 69 for Savva, 351, 352p Lesna Convent, 417, 431, 450, for Smirnoff, 228, 233 502, 503, 512, 546 relations with England, 59 Galitzine, Alexander, Prince, 179 returning to Russia from, 338, Galitzine, Dmitri, Prince, 310p, 635n6 447p, 475p, 476p, 545p, 554, 566 Revolution in Russia and, 192 Galitzine, Ekaterina Georgievna, Triple Entente and, 158 312 Woronzow and, 43 Galitzine, Emanuel, Prince, 256p Franco-Prussian War, 142 Galitzine, George, Prince, 256p Franklin, Benjamin, 21–22 Galitzine, Irina, Princess, 285, 289, Fraser, Eugenie, 161, 630n8–9 312, 476p, 633n3 French Army, 192, 631n2 Galitzine, Mary, Princess, 476p frescoes, 504, 565, 567, 584, 586, 603 Galitzine, Natalia Theodorovna, Freshville, Barbara, 440p Princess, 33 Freshville, V. B., 439 Galitzine, Nicholas, Prince, 277, fund-raising 288, 633n3 delegation from Alexandria, 3–10 Galitzine, Patricia, Princess, 476p for Convent of the Annunciation, Galitzine, Vladimir, Prince, 222, 418 247, 257, 258p, 345p, 349, 403, for Emperor’s Gate, 443 405 for Harvard Road, 527, 554, 557, Gelassy, Archdeacon, 457p, 458–459, 566–567 458p for Russian refugees, 229, 403 General Introduction (Neale), 97–98, for Welbeck Street, 84, 210 101–102, 626n2 funerals General Menaion, The (Orloff), 156, for Alexandrovna (Xenia), 453 629n3 for Ampenoff (Elisabeth), Gennadius, Archimandrite, 2, 3, 7, 580–581 10–13, 18, 603, 615, 621n11, for Ananin (Antonina), 595 622n1 at Embassy church, 200 Genoa Conference, 242, 632n6 for Kleinmichel, 533–534 George, Earl of Pembroke, 32, 159, for Nicholas (Karpoff), 264 630n7 for Nikodem, 521–523, 523p George, Lloyd, 192, 201 for Palmer (Gerald), 504, 509 George V, King, 193, 235, 273

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Georgievsky, Ivan, 317, 446p, 449, Goodman, Sophia, 257, 258, 280, 638n24 305, 312, 546p, 549–550, 552, Georgirenes, Joseph, Archbishop, 6 556, 558, 561 Germanos of Thyateira, Gorbachev, Mikhail, 588, 589 Metropolitan, 235 Gorchakov, Alexander, Prince, 59, German army, Russians in, 323, 326 60 Germany Gorham, George Cornelius, 627n5 advance into Russia, 337 Gorham Judgment, 102 Arndt and, 539, 542, 585 Gospels, 411, 459, 514 Cheremetieff and, 395 Goudim-Levkovitch, K. G., 195, displaced persons in, 321, 325, 196, 203 344, 345, 349, 405 GPU, 295–296, 300, 302, 303, 634n3 Fischbek camp in, 328–336, 328p, Graeco-Russian Church. See Greek- 329p Russian Church in London military power and, 158 Gramatins, Anthony, Father/ Nathaniel and, 387 Protopresbyter, 397, 447 Old Catholic Church and, 137 gramota, 156, 237 Ostarbeiter (forced workers) in, Grani (journal), 540 322, 350 Great Britain. See England refugee camps in, 328, 405 Great Church in Captivity, The Revolution in Russia and, 192 (Runciman), 2, 621n5 Russian Army of Liberation in 322 Great Exhibition of the Works of Russian prisoners of war in, 229, Industry of All Nations, 82 321 Great Lent, services, 71, 361, 370, Strokovsky and, 153 376, 400 survival of Anastassy/Synod in, Greece 339 Church of Greece, 587 Vestnik and, 556 North and, 35, 37 Vitaly and, 345–346 Orthodox Church in, 134, 587 von Meck in, 491–495 Palmer and, 496–497, 504 World War I and, 192, 207 Paradise and, 20 Germogen, Bishop/Archbishop, 248, Philhellenes and, 35 264, 633n7 Queen Olga of, 167–168 Gibbes, Nicholas, Father/ Sablin and, 224 Archimandrite, 214, 276, Sherrard and, 640n28 282–285, 283p, 305, 306, 616 Greek Church of the Saviour, 34, 89 Gladstone, William, 107, 140, 158 Greek Liturgies of SS. Mark, James, Gogoleff, Michael, Archpriest, 586 Clement, Chrysostom and Basil golosniki, 562–563 (Neale), 99

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Greek language Hakodate Consulate, 57, 163 church records in, 16 Halfter, Victor, General, 222, 231, services in, 7, 12, 17, 18, 118, 141, 256p, 261, 323 639n17 Hampton Court Palace, 193, 282p, translation of Philokalia from, 501 399, 631n3 Greek Orthodox Church Hardy, Thomas, Father/Archpriest, in England, 235, 517–518 558, 560p, 569, 570, 577, 585, in Liverpool, 121 586, 596, 617 in London, 6, 17, 100, 116, 152, Hartung, Dimitry, 584 164, 402 Harvard Road Ware and, 414, 569, 628n13 architectural design of, 556, in Wolverhampton, 125–127, 561–567 132–134 blessing of site with Kursk icon, Greek Orthodoxy, 95, 98, 104, 402, 553, 554p 622n1, 622n12 construction of cathedral at, Greek-Russian Church in London, 568–578, 572p, 575p, 576p, 2–3, 7, 8p, 10, 16 599p, 602p, 602–603 Greeks construction of church hall at, Anglicans and, 4 556, 558, 558p, 560p community in London, 6, 13, 34 dedication of church to, 596–598 rescue of Anthony finishing upper church at, 594, (Khrapovitsky) by, 205 597, 586p, 599p Greenall, Robert, 43 fund-raising for, 527, 554, 557, Gregorios of Thyateira and 560–561, 566–567 Great Britain, Archbishop, iconostasis at, 597–602, 599p 577, 585 interior finishing of lower church Gregory, Bishop, 533 at, 584–586, 582p Gretch, Nicholas Ivanovich, 52 landscaping of, 568 Gribanovsky, Mikhail, Bishop, 482, parish life and, 595–596 639n19 water damage to, 582–586 Grigorieff, Sergei, 572 Hatherly, Stephen, 114–135, Guardian, The, 132, 175, 180, 183, 139–143, 628n13, 628n17 536, 628n17, 642n4 healings, miraculous, 252, 263, 420, Guardian libel case, 132, 628n17 544 Guerken-Glovatsky, Tatiana Herbert family, 630n7 Pavlovna, 398, 417–418 High Church, 91, 103, 132, 627n5, Guettée, Abbé, 627n9 627n8. See also Anglicans Gunnersbury Cemetery, 510, 580, Highgate Cemetery, 310p, 422 581 Hilarion, Metropolitan, 601

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Hilarion (Troitsky), Archbishop, Orloff and, 155, 156 293, 299–300, 341, 614 Orthodoxy in England and, 55, Hindo, Nicholas, Father, 397, 447 111–112, 113, 118, 120, History of the Council of Florence, 122–124 The (Ostroumoff), 144 Overbeck and, 135, 137–141, 142 History of the Holy Eastern Church Peter the Great and, 624n1 (Neale), 96, 97, 99, 626n2–3 Popoff and, 102 Hoare, Samuel, 174, 235 Russian, 8, 9, 133, 135, 142, 143 Holland, parishes in, 384, 387 Smirnoff and, 167, 187 Holmes, Valerie, 513p, 526p Smirnove, recognition by, 48 Holodny, Peter, Father, 560p, 585 Wolverhampton mission and, Holy Communion 127–131 Harvard Road and, 597 Holy Transfiguration Monastery, Nikodem and, 450 525 North and, 37, 38 Holy Trinity Monastery, 481, 504, Overbeck and, 141 531, 542 Palmer and, 93, 94 Holy Trinity Seminary, 515, 525 in parish registers, 32, 64, 71, 623n4 Holy Trinity-Zelenitsky Monastery, Holy Fathers, 35, 241, 498, 500, 504 52 Holy Land, 415–417, 462–463, Holy Week, services, 176, 208, 441, 638n16 542, 571, 597 Holy Mountain, Gerald Palmer and, Home Office, 192, 203, 313, 339, 497, 498, 499, 501, 505. See also 352, 418 Mt Athos Horologion (Orloff), 156, 629n3 Holy Places in England, Orthodox Hounslow, Borough, 567, 570, 571, Review, 366–367 577 Holy Places in Jerusalem, custody House of Commons, 30, 152, 410, 496 of, 69, 96 Holy Synod of Russian Church Iakovlevna, Anna, 58, 144 Abroad (in New York), 457, iconographers, 16, 450–451, 504, 561, 571, 574, 589, 592, 598 530, 584 Holy Synod iconography, 367, 450–451, 502, 530, Ambrose and, 454 598, 601 Anastassy and headquarters iconostasis, 11, 51, 56 during World War II, 339 Alexandrovna’s private chapel Church in London and, 8, 9, 13, and, 145, 163 24, 28 at Clifford Street, 16 Hatherly and, 120, 125–127, 129, at Convent of the Annunciation, 142 502

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at Emperor’s Gate, 444p, 445, 448 of St Seraphim, 225, 600 Gibbes and, 285 veneration of, 9 at Harvard Road, 558, 567, 569, at Welbeck Street, 51 572, 573, 584, 586p, 597–598, Ignatius (Brianchaninov), Bishop/St, 599p, 600–602 278, 581, 614 at Podvoria, 260 Illyashevich, Olga, 513p at St Philip’s, 222, 224–225 immigrants, 349, 350, 351, 353, at Welbeck Street, 82, 87, 131, 437 364, 374, 385, 403, 406, 410, icon restorer, 555, 562 422, 436, 603, 635n5. See also icons emigrants, refugees of Aaron, 16 Imperial Army, 267, 407 of Abraham, 16 Imperial government in Russia, 1, of annunciation, 16 14, 31, 194 of baptism of the Lord, 16 Imperial Ministry of Foreign of Christ the Saviour, 598 Affairs. See Ministry of at Clifford Street, 16, 51 Foreign Affairs of the Russian at Convent of the Annunciation, Empire 461, 462 Imperial Russian Embassy, in Duchess of Edinburgh and, 145 London, 1, 10, 17, 49, 82, 85, of Elizabeth and Mary, 16 159–160, 188, 194 at Emperor’s Gate, 445, 445p, 446, India, 158, 170, 281, 310, 470, 450, 451, 549, 622n2 639n15 of Feast of the Dormition, 16 Innocent of Korsun, Archbishop, fixed, 11 590 of four evangelists, 16 Innocent of Pskov, Archbishop, 28 at Harvard Road, 558, 562, 572, Innocent (Veniaminoff) of Moscow, 573, 584, 586p, 594–603 Metropolitan, 128, 167, 613, by Ivanovsky, 16 628n15 Kazan, 421 Instruction in God’s Law (Smirnoff, Kursk (See Kursk icon) Peter), 156 of Moses, 16 intercession for persecuted Church of Mother of God (See Mother of in Russia (1935), 272–273 God) Inter-Church Aid and Refugee of nativity of Christ, 16 Service, 460 of Our Saviour, 16, 288 International Red Cross, 403 Pokrov, 444, 445p, 586p “In Thee rejoices” icon, 600 of St Anne, 16 Iordan, Theodore Ivanovich, 30 of St Nicholas, 285–289 Ireland, Orthodox parish in, 527, of St Savva, 285–289 356, 371, 527, 575, 593

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Iron Curtain, 312, 410, 537 Convent of the Annunciation Ironside, Edmund, General, 201 and, 417, 418, 420p, 462 Isidore, Metropolitan, 138–139, 140, Emperor’s Gate and, 446, 455, 151 471 Ivanoff, F. A., 196 in England, 419–425, 425p, 431, Ivanoff, Philip, 203, 216, 217, 224 432, 438–439 Ivanov, Alexander, 573 Harvard Road and, 562, 577, 600, Ivanovsky, Stephen, Priest/Father, 614 11, 12, 15–18, 19, 615 Moscow Patriarchate and, 587 Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, John of Kronstadt, Father/St, 177, 543–544 516, 588, 600, 631n17 John Paradise and Lucy Ludwell Jacobite Church, 639n15 of London and Williamsburg Jakimowicz, Nicholas, Protodeacon, (Shepperson), 20 352p, 396, 449 John (Pommers) of Riga, James, Protosyncellus, 3, 5, 8, 9, 13 Archbishop, 530 James, Tony, 461p Johnson, Samuel, 21 James (Virvos) of Apamaea, Bishop, John (Yastrembsky), Priest-monk/ 352p, 353p, 414 Father, 13, 14, 615 Japan, Orthodox mission in, 57, Jonah of Hankow (Jonah of 120–121, 166 Manchuria), St, 600 Japanese converts, London, 163 Jefferson, Thomas, 22, 43 Kadloubovsky, Evgeniya, 499–500, Jeffimenko, Matushka Antonina 503, 640n23–27 Mitrofanovna, 513p Kadloubovsky, S. V., 444 Jefimenko, Sergei, Deacon/Father, Kallistos (Ware), Bishop, 459, 480, 384p, 385, 400, 449 501, 534, 569, 570–571, 581, Jeremias, Priest-monk, 18, 615 601, 628n13, 637n10. See also Jerusalem, 69, 96, 120, 283, 284, 289, Ware, Timothy 305, 314, 358, 416, 511–512 Kaminsky-Parchikaloff, Alexei, 13, Jerusalem, Patriarch of, 2, 5, 9, 10, 17–18 234 Kanenari, Titus, 163 Jesuits, Metropolitan Arsenius and, 3 Kantemir, Antioch, Prince, 11, 13 jingoism, 157, 629n4 Kasatkin, Nicholas, Priest-monk/ John (Maximovitch) of Shanghai Archbishop, 57, 120, 163, 613, and San Francisco, 624n2. See also Nicholas of Archbishop/St, 383–384, 411, Japan 559, 614, 617, 636n2 Kazan Chapel, 455p, 456p Ambrose and, 454 Kazan Icon, 421, 637n15

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Kazan Theological Academy, 335, Kolchak, Alexander Vasilyevich, 630n15 Admiral, 194, 196, 197, 202, Keble, John, 92 203 Kempton Park, 323 Kolchinsky, Nicholas, Ken, Thomas, Bishop, 5 Protopresbyter, 340 Kensal Green Cemetery, 53, 144 Kolmsin, George, 170–171 KGB, 543, 589, 634n3 Komarovsky, Evgraf, Count, 27, 30 Khaltygin, A. A., 440p, 448, 449, Konevitz Monastery, 241 459, 480 Koryagin, Anatoli, 543 Kharkov Collegium, 31 Kostic, Milun, Father, 569, 586 Khativada, Victoria, 573 Krasnopolsky, Dmitri, 453, 466p Khomiakov, Alexis, 55, 92, 94, 95, Krasnov, General, 326 109, 138, 626n1 “Kremlinology,” 406 Kiev Theological Academy, 18, 24, ktitor, 594–595 630n15 Kuban Cossacks in New York, 408 King Edward Orthodox Trust, 529, Kudinoff, A. I., Colonel, 408 532 “Kulak” families, 302, 634n5 King’s College London, 155, 233, Kurakin, Boris, Prince, 7, 8, 8p 259 Kurakin, Kyra, 536. See also Miller, Kireeff, General, 55, 134, 140, 180 Kyra Klein St Veit camp, 328 Kursk Hermitage, 387, 641n2 Kleinmichel, Count Wladimir, 193, Kursk icon, 205, 206 243, 346, 398, 418, 434–435, at Fischbek camp, 329p 439, 443, 452, 452p, 453p, 457p, at Harvard Road, 553, 554p, 593 458, 510p, 513p, 514, 533, Nikodem and, 421 638n24 tour of European parishes, Kleinmichel, Countess Marie 478–479 Georgievna, 452, 453p, 513p tours of England, 252, 274–275, Kleinmichel family, True Cross 274p, 372, 457–459, 457p, fragment, 518 462p, 478 Knupffer, Alyosha, 449 Troparion of, 639n10 Knupffer, George, 261, 310p, 323, Kushakoff, Pavel Grigorievitch, 213 458p, 475p, 476p, 513p Kvachadze, Sonia, 284 Knupffer, Michael, 462p, 475p, Kvitnitsky, Ivan, 31, 52, 66–68 476p Kyrill of San Francisco and Western Knupffer, Misha, 449 Europe, Archbishop, 586 Kobrina, Anna, 585, 595 Kokovtseff, Vladimir, Count, 243 Labarnova, Tamara, 513p Kolatai, Paul, 526p labour camps, 322, 326

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Latvian Orthodox Church, in at Convent of the Annunciation, London, 397 462, 581, 582 Laurus, Metropolitan/Archbishop, during Walsingham pilgrimage 586, 589, 590, 591 (1954), 400 Lazarus (Moore), Father/ at Embassy church, 198, 199, 201, Archimandrite, 358–359, 210, 214 470–471, 473, 477, 616, Emperor’s Gate and, 447, 549 639n15 in English, 124, 214, 359, 528, 533, Lebedev, Alexander, Father/ for the Russian Church (1935), Archpriest, 586, 590, 591 272–273 Legat, Nadine, 362, 636n6 Harvard Road and, 567, 569, 586, Legat, Nicholas, 636n6 601 Lelioukhin, John Zakharievitch, Nikodem and, 516–517 Father/Archpriest, 615 Old English, 9 at London parish, 208–212, 216, Pan-Orthodox, 401–402, 465 217, 219 St Philip’s Church and, 222, 247, Seraphim of Finland and, 239 248, 248p, 373 St Philip’s Church and, 219, 224, translated into Spanish, 171 228, 229, 233, 234 von Meck and, 491 transfer to Florence, 239–240 Ware and, 413–414 Lenin, 299 Liturgy and the Book of Needs Leonty of Geneva, Bishop, 376, (Trebnik), 167 380p, 425p, 437 Liturgy of the Western Orthodox- Lesna Convent, 417, 431, 432, Catholic Mass, The, 141 450–451, 502, 503, 512 Litvinov, Maxim, 194 “Let Us Who Represent the litya for Royal Family. See Cherubim” (Molchanoff), 279 Cenotaph, litya library, of London parish, 160, 357, Livanov, Vasily, 555 366, 438, 451–452, 638n25 Living Church, 294, 296–297, 301, Liddon, Henry Parry, 100 634n2 Lienz tragedy, 325–326, 408 Lizakevich, Vasily Grigorievich, 39, Lieven, Christopher, Count, 46 41, 43, 45 Lieven, Leonid, Prince, 324–325 Lodvill, Philip, 20, 622n4 Lisitsin, Pavel, 583–585, 594–596, Logvinenko, John, Protodeacon/ 642n7 Father, 355, 380p, 381p Litkevich, Leonty Ivanovich, 31 Logvinov, Euphemius, Father, 598 Liturgy Lomako, Gregory, Archpriest, 215 before Cossacks’ repatriation, 326 London Embassy Church. See at Catterick camp, 323 Embassy church

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London Russian Orthodox Parish Harvard Road and, 554, 556, 558, Community, 214, 221, 246– 561, 568–571, 574–575, 577, 247, 438 585, 586, 594, 596, 598, 601 Lord, have mercy, Nathaniel Moscow Patriarchate and, 591, 593 commentary on, 385–387 marriages. See also weddings Low Church, 91, 627n8 converts through, 34 Lubyanka prison, 326, 491 mixed, 65, 161 Ludwell, Philip, 12, 19–20, 622n3–4 parish records of, 28, 31, 157 Ludwell daughters, 19, 20, 21 in royal circles, 62 Luke (Golovkov), Abbot, 598, 601 Mar Saba monastery, 289 L’Union Chrétienne, 627n9 Martemianoff, Antipa, Archpriest/ Father, 14–15, 615 Mabin, Nicolas, 526p, 532p, 538, Martha (Sprott), Sister, 358 545p, 554 Marx, Karl, 310p, 422, 634n7 Mackellar, Alan, 545p Matafonov, Vitaly, 571, 573 Mackellar, Olga, 513p Matthew of Wilno, Bishop, 351, Maclagan of York, William, 353p, 401–402, 406 Archbishop, 176–177 Meaning of Icons, The (Ouspensky), Magdalen College, Oxford, 92, 93 500, 640n25 Maikoff, Apollon Nikolaevich, 511 membership register, London Makaroff, Peter Ivanovich, 27, 30 parish, 212 Maltseff, Alexei, Father, 15, 621n3 Memorial Church in Brussels, 248 Manchester parish, 355, 356, 394, Memory of a Friend, In (Paul), 334 397, 432, 527, 557, 544, 636n5 mental hospitals, in Orthodox Mansur, Melvin, 291–292 Review, 368–369 Manukhina, Tatiana, 338, 635n5 Mestchersky, Prince, 150, 161 Maria (Robinson), Mother, 358, 415, Meyrick, Mark, Father, 466p, 637n11 473–478, 476p, 513p, 617. See Marie of Russia, Dowager Empress, also David, Archimandrite 154, 159, 164, 167, 193, Michael of Boston, Bishop, 586 632n11 Mikhailovitch, Alexander, Duke, 454 Mark (Arndt) of Berlin, Germany, Mikhailovna, Ekaterina, Grand and Great Britain, Bishop/ Duchess, 64 Archbishop, 538–540, 539p, Milkovo Monastery, 358, 391 617 Millennium Commission, 564–566 Convent of the Annunciation Millennium of Russian Christianity, and, 580– 582 544, 545p, 566, 588. See also at Emperor’s Gate, 540–541, Baptism of Russia 541p, 545p, 549 Miller, Boris, 535–536, 642n4

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Miller, George, 536–537, 537p, 545p, Monastery of the Holy Trinity and 554, 642n4 St Sergius, 293, 631n23, 640n20 Miller, Kyra, 535, 545p. See also monastic services, 260, 399, 462 Kurakin, Kyra monastic singing, 438 Minister and the Massacres, The monasticism, 55, 96, 104, 240, 256, (Tolstoy), 542 393–394, 497 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Montenegro, 151, 158 Russian Empire, 28, 58, 59, Montesanto, Spyridon, Father, 36 60, 80, 82, 84, 88, 151, 154, 165, Morcher, Winifred Mary, 476p 198, 621n2 Morengeim, Artur Pavlovitch, embassy chaplains employed by, Baron, 158 60–61, 154, 198 Moscow Church Council, 195, 196, missionary centres, in England 475, 198, 200, 204, 209, 217, 244, 533 474, 624n1 missionary activities Moscow Patriarchate in Americas, India, and Spain, Evlogy and, 338–339 168–174 Harvard Road and, 596, 597 in England, 113–135 parish of, in London, 339–341, in Japan, 120–121, 166 351, 406, 433, 436 Smirnoff and, 165–168 reconciliation with, 587–594 Moghila, Peter, 19, 622n4 regarded as official Russian Moisseyevsky, George, Father/ Church, 466 Priest-monk, 384p, 385, 394, Soviet regime and, 337–338, 416, 395, 616 417, 436 Molchanoff, Boris, Archpriest, 616 St Philip’s Church and, 637n10 leaving England and death of, 290 Moscow Patriarchate’s Diocese of in parish at Meudon, France, Sourozh, 593 267–270 Moscow Theological Academy, 18, as rector of London parish, 268p, 252, 293, 598 270–272, 274p Mother of God writings of, 277–280 Dormition of (See Dormition of moleben, 64 the Mother of God) Monastery of Stavronikita, 501 icons of, 16, 145, 444, 446, 461, Monastery of St Job of Pochaev, 598, 638n17, 641n33 in Ladomirova, 310, 329, 335 Iveron Icon of, 543, 544 in Munich, 336, 387, 540, 636n4, Kursk icon of (See Kursk icon) 642n8 Polsky and, 303 Monastery of St John the Smolensk Icon of, 145, 163, 446 Theologian, 414 “Unburned Bush,” 423, 638n17

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veneration of, 8–9, 303 Nesselrode, Count, 59, 62, 63, 625n4 Walsingham, miraculous Nesselrode, Helen, 625n4 appearance at, 400 Nestor of Kamchatka, Archbishop, Mother of God of the Life-giving 280–285, 282p, 283p, 309, 310, Spring, chapel, 285 400 Mouravieff, 55, 134 Newman, John Henry, 92 Mouravieff Fund, 167 New Martyrs, 192, 204, 215, 520, Mt Athos, 446, 532, 543. See also 530, 550, 588, 589, 590 Holy Mountain New Martyrs of Russia, The (Polsky), Muñoz, Jose, 543, 641n6 291 Myrrh-Bearing Women, icon of, 163 Neyman, Andrew, 558, 642n8 Mystery of Iniquity, The Nicanor of Smolensk, Bishop, 178 (Molchanoff), 277 Nicanor (Troitsky), Archimandrite, 523p, 525, 526, 542, 617. See Nabokov, Constantine, 193, 194 also Troitsky, Nicholas Nagaieff, Nikolai Vasilievitch, 389. Nicholas I, Emperor, 59, 62–63, 80, See also Nikodem (Nagaieff) 625n12 Napoleonic wars, 33, 44–46, 48–49 Nicholas II, Emperor/Tsar-Martyr, Nashdom Abbey, 252, 255, 273, 224, 237, 248, 323, 389, 412, 633n1 446, 514, 613, 623n9, 629n5. See Nathaniel (Lvov), Archimandrite/ also Alexandrovitch, Nicholas Father/Bishop, 281, 309, Nicholas (Karpoff), Bishop/ 387–388, 616 Archimandrite/Father, as Bishop of Brussels/Western 251–252, 616 Europe, 343, 344, 352p, consecration as Bishop of 353p, 355–356, 364, 376, London, 251p, 254–257, 378, 380p, 381p 256p as Bishop of Preston/The Hague, death and testament of, 263–265 384–385, 384p, 385, 387 London parish and, 257–262, Fischbek camp and, 328–335, 258p, 260p 328p, 329p spiritual portrait of, 262–263 National Alliance of Russian Nicholas of Japan. See Kasatkin, Solidarists (NTS), 407, 642n4 Nicholas Naumenko, V., General, 408 Nicholas of Montenegro, Prince, 164 Nazis, 322, 491, 635n4 Nicholas of Myra, Holy Hierarch, Neale, John Mason, 96–102, 115, icon, 264 143, 144, 174, 626n3 Nicholas (Velimirovic) of Ochrid, Nectarius of Jerusalem, Patriarch, Serbian Bishop, 201, 215, 217, 19 401, 419, 614, 631n, 4614

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Nicholas of the Aleutians and Alaska, Nikolai of Krutitsa, Metropolitan, Bishop, 152, 155–156, 168 338, 339, 340, 437 Nikodem (Nagaieff), Archbishop/ Nikolayevna, Maria, 209 Archimandrite/Bishop Nikolich, Miloje, Archpriest/Father, Alexis and, 526 367, 401, 447, 459, 460 at Cenotaph litya, 513p Nikon (Rklitsky), Patriarch/ Church typicon and, 636n4 Archbishop, 238, 252, 478–483, consecration as Bishop of 514, 639n18–19 Preston, 425–431, 425p Nikon, Father (of Mt Athos), Convent of the Annunciation 497–499, 501, 504, 640n28 and, 415, 418, 462, 462p Niphont, Hieromonk/Priest-monk, ecumenism and, 464–470 52, 56, 615 Emperor’s Gate and, 446, Nomikos, Simon, Deacon, 2, 3, 4, 447–458, 446p, 450p, 458p, 6–7, 13 466p Non-Jurors, 3–7, 8–10, 12, 13, 626n3 impressions of (Ware), 412–415 North, Frederick, Lord/Earl of at Kazan Chapel, 455p, 456p Guilford, 34–38, 39, 43, 623n7 last years/repose of, 514–523, North Russian Association, 514p, 523p, 525, 580 230–231, 230p, 268p life before coming to England, Norwood, Douglas, 562, 563, 566, 389–392 568, 574, 577, 583 Maximovitch and, 419, 421, 425p, Nottingham parish, 454, 475, 527, 544 432 Novikoff, Olga, 140, 142, 146, 196 missionary goals and, 470–474 Moisseyevsky and, 395 Obolensky, Valerian, Prince, 351 move to Podvoria, 434–437, ode to Catherine the Great (North), 439–441, 440p 623n7 Palmer and, 496, 498 Œcumenical Patriarchate, 338, 351 panagia and, 641n33 Old Catholic Church, 137, 142, 184 parish/diocese under, 392–403, 392p Olga, Queen of Greece, 167, 221p Russian community and, 411 Omsk, Bishop of, 195 spiritual influences, 390–392 Omsk government, 194, 196, 197 Walsingham and, 474, 475p, 476p Optina hermitage, 55, 294 Nikolaevich, Alexander, Grand Order of St Anne, 58, 81, 151, 156 Duke, 63 Order of St Savva, 164 Nikolaevich, Constantine, Grand Orloff, George, 270, 290, 315 Duke, 63 Orloff, Marie Louise, 315 Nikolaevna, Maria, Grand Duchess, Orloff, Nicolas Vasilievich, 17, 64 155–156, 164, 189, 629n3

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Orloff, Nikolai Alekseyevitch, Oxford Movement, 92, 96, 103, 107 Prince, 60, 147, 151 Orloff, Peter, 315p Palestine, 415–418. See also Holy Orthodox Catholic Review, The Land (Overbeck), 137 Palladius, Metropolitan/Bishop of Orthodox Chronicle, 474, 477 Ladoga, 151 Orthodox Church Palmer, Elizabeth, 498, 500, 502, 504 as division of Catholic Church of Palmer, Gerald Eustace Howell, Christ, 91–92 358, 443, 496–505, 497p, 510p Estonian, 397, 402, 447 Palmer, William, 56, 92–96, 102, Finnish, 240–241 112, 114, 116–119, 128 Japanese, 57, 120–121 Palmerston, Lord, 59, 61 Latvian, 397, 402, 497 Pan-Diaspora Council, 530 Polish, 285, 351, 363, 396, 635n4 panikhida, 63 Russian (See Russian Orthodox Pan-Orthodox centre, 468 Church) Pan-Orthodox services, 401, 402, Orthodox Church, The, 414 465, 466 Orthodox Confession (Moghila), 19, Paradise, John, 20–22, 39, 41–44 622n4 Paradise, Lucy, 21–22, 39, 44 Orthodox Messenger, 385 Paradise, Peter, 20 Orthodox Missionary Society, 167 Parish Council Orthodox Mission in America, 156 Constantine and, 530 Orthodox Review, 364–372, 374–375, early parish life and, 196, 197, 385 198–200, 210, 214 Orthodoxy Emperor’s Gate and, 439, 549 Anglican movement toward, Evlogy and, 224, 242 91–113 Harvard Road and, 554, 555–558, Committee of the Anglican 571, 595, 596 and Eastern Churches ktitor and, 595 Association and, 233 Lelioukkhin and, 209 Eastern rite, 139, 143 Pascha at St Mary-le-Bow, 208 Old Catholics uniting to, Polsky and, 344, 345, 347 142–143, 457 Rankin and, 214 Western rite, 135–143 rectors and, 248–249, 251 Ostarbeiter, 322, 329 Russian refugees and, 203, 211, 212 Ottoman Empire, 40, 587 schism in Western Europe and, Overbeck, Catherine, 137 242, 244, 343 Overbeck, Joseph Julian, 19, St Philip’s Church and, 219, 222 135–143, 146, 628n13 Vitaly and, 345–346, 542

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parish registers, early, 11–12, 16–18, Peter II, King of Yugoslavia, 401 20, 33–34 Peter the Great, 2, 7–8, 14, 55, 244, Parliament, 30, 37, 40, 41, 109, 155, 621n11, 624n1 220 Petrograd, 194, 198, 200, 215, 240, Pascha 632n5 calendar and, 279 Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow, Grand Duchess Xenia and, 399 Metropolitan, 55, 82, 91, at St Philip’s 1955, 434 93–94, 99, 128, 149, 613 at St Mark’s, 440p Anglicans and, 104, 111, 112, 113, at the Podvoria, 354, 361 628n10 at Welbeck Street, 208 Philaret (Voznesensky) of New Pasha, Ali, 131–132, 628n16 York, Metropolitan, 457, 466, passports, 213, 213p, 249, 251, 633n8 512, 514, 526, 538 Patriarchal Cathedral at Ennismore England visit (1965) by, 457– Gardens, 597 460, 457p, 458p, 461p, 462p Patriarchal Cathedral clergy, 466, Philaretos of Demotikes, Greek 585, 586, 593, 594, 601 Bishop, 215 Patriarchal Throne, 99, 337, 587, Philipova, Tatiana Kharalampievna, 634n4 452–453 Patronal Festival of the Dormition, Phillips, Andrew, Father, 596, 601 421, 448, 574 Philokalia, The, 498–501, 503, 504 Paul, Archbishop of Australia/ Philothei of Germany, Bishop/ Hierodeacon, 334, 353p, Archbishop, 425p, 540, 635n5 356–357, 358, 360, 376, 380p, Photios of Alexandria, Patriarch, 381p, 641n3 235, 237 Paul I, Emperor of Russia, 24, 44–45 Photius of Constantinople, Pavlovich, Mikhail, Grand Duke, 63 Patriarch, 105 Pavlovna, Anna, Queen, 65–66 pilgrimages, 400, 421–422, 485–488, Perott, Dr B., 319–320, 320p 534. See also Walsingham Perott, Mstislav, 311, 319, 320p, Pitt, William, 40, 42 446p, 449 Platon, Metropolitan, 103 Perott, N. M., 346 Platon of Kiev, Metropolitan, persecution of Church in Russia, 175–176 228, 242, 252, 272–273, 285, Platon (Rudnieff), Bishop, 301, 614 291, 293, 338, 590 Pleshcheyev, Aleksey, 47 Pesiakoff, George Dimitrievitch, Pobedonostseff, Constantine, 149, 398, 441 152, 175, 178, 179 Pesiakoff, T. D., 346 Pobjoy, Angus, Brother, 466p. See Peter I, King of Serbia, 164 also Alexis (Pobjoy)

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Pochaev Lavra, 329, 335 Popoff, Eugene (Evgeny), Podvoria Archpriest, 615 Constantine and, 531 Church of England and, 91, English-language services at, 475, 102–106, 111–113 528, 533, 542 Crimean War prisoners and, Harvard Road and, 555, 556, 69–81 557p, 560–561, 567, 597 Eastern Church Association and, Kursk icon and, 274p, 275, 553 100, 132 Nicholas (Karpoff) and, 259p, at Embassy Church, 51, 57–69 206–261, 257–260, 265 English-language liturgy and, Nikodem and, 399, 433, 438, 439, 122–124 441, 451, 475, 519 Hatherly and, 114–115, 120, 121, Polsky and, 306, 317 122, 143 Vitaly and, 344p, 345, 354, 358, last years, 143–144 359, 362, 363p, 375, 376 Overbeck and, 135–137, 140, 143 Podvoria chapel, 261p, 262p, 380p, rebuilding at Welbeck Street, 398, 515 81–86, 625n13 Pokrov icon, 44, 445p, 586p Tolstoy (Alexander) and, Poland, 42–43, 331, 347, 351, 494, 113–114, 116–117 635n4 Wolverhampton mission and, Polejaieff, A. M., 127–128, 130 125, 127, 131 Poliakoff, Vladimir, Archpriest, Popoff, Nicholas, Archpriest, 355, 248–249, 251, 633n8 356, 456, 458, 459, 460, 461p, Polish Orthodox Church, 351, 396, 462p, 516 402, 406, 418, 635n4 “Popish Plot” of 1678, 621n10 Polsky, Michael, Archpriest, 291– Popovic, Justin, Father, 540 292, 292p, 339, 341, 435, 616 Portland, Duke of, 49, 50, 83, Catterick camp visit by, 323–324 624n11 departure from London, 346–347 Potekhin, Colonel, 198p, 210 life in Russia, 292–305 Pozzo di Borgo, Count, 59 London parish and, 284, 305–310, prisoners of war 310p Crimean, 68–81, 422 in memory of, 315–320 Russian, in England, 321–322, Vitaly and, 343–347 323–325 World War II and, 311–315, Prosalendis, George, 35–38 314p, 315p Protasoff, Count, 56, 93, 94, 96, 102 Popoff, Basil Evgenievitch, Priest, Protestantism, 5, 91–92, 139, 303, 122, 143–147, 151, 152, 163, 627n8 615, 628n12 Protestants, 133, 146, 168, 255

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Protopopov, Michael, Archpriest/ medical aid for, 229–230 Father, 359, 551, 553, 641n3 repatriation (See repatriation to Provisional Government in Russia, Soviet Union, Fischbek 193–194, 213 camp) psalm-readers, 17, 31 Soviet interest in, 352–353, 409 psalomshchik, 17, 31, 400, 449, 625n6 worldwide dispersion, 346–347, Pskov Caves Monastery, 555, 563 383, 387 Pskov church architecture, 554–555, Refugees Relief Association. See 556, 562–563, 565–566, 573 Russian Refugees Relief Purvis, Ludmilla, 545p Association Pusey, Edward, 92, 105–106, 115, relics, 16, 366, 469, 631n22 627n4 in foundation stone, Harvard Road, 569 Rabenek, Lev, 349, 405 St Alban, 534 Ralli Brothers, 34 St Savva, 289 Rankin, Eugène De L’Hoste, 214 St Edward, 528, 530, 533, Raphael (Hawaweeny), Bishop, 171, Religious Life of London, The, 157 613, 630n15 repatriation to Soviet Union, 321, Ratushinskaya, Irina, 536p, 542–543, 323, 326, 328, 330–333, 343, 541n5 351, 408–410, 641n1. See also Red Army, 191, 204–205, 326, 329, Lienz tragedy 347, 491, 633n7, 635n2 Report to the 1938 Assembly of Red Cross. See International Red the Russian Church Abroad Cross, Russian Red Cross (Polsky), 292 refugee camps, 201, 208, 339, 354, Richardson, Athanasius, 122, 628n13 405. See also Fischbek camp Riley, Athelstan, 176, 219, 221, 632n8 refugee aid organizations, 211, 395 Rites and Ceremonies of the Greek refugees, Russian. See also Church in Russia, The, 167 emigrants/emigration, Rites for Uniting Those of Other immigrants Faiths to the Orthodox Church, Chesham House and, 232 The (Smirnoff), 167, 168 children as, 211–212 ROA (Russkaya Osvoboditel’naya evacuation of southern Russia Armiya), 322 (1920), 203–207 ROCOR Commission, 590, 642n5 farm/factory distribution in Rodzianko, Manya, 284 England, 350 Romaikos, 622n12 from Russian Revolution, 192, 194 Roman Catholic Church homeless, 212, 404 as division of Catholic Church of in London parish, 197, 200, 202 Christ, 91–92

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doctrine of papal infallibility, 137 Russian Army of Liberation. See ROA in England, 91 Russian Benevolent Society 1917, 403 Overbeck and, 135, 137, 141 Russian Centre, 404, 406–407, 408, Palmer (William) and, 94–95 409, 410, 451 Pan-Orthodox centre and, 468 Russian Charity Organization of “Popish Plot” of 1678 and, 621n10 Great Britain, 228–229 relation to Orthodoxy, 168, 178, Russian church, oldest in Western 303, 371, 400, 466 Europe, 621n1 Romania, 158, 224, 249, 633n8 Russian Church Abroad. See also Romanoff, Andrei Alexandrovich, Church in Exile, Russian Prince, 345p, 514 Orthodox Church Romanoff, Nina, Princess, 221p Anastassy and, 339 Romanoff, Xenia, Princess, 314p. Arndt and, 538, 539 See also Alexandrovna, Xenia beginnings in evacuation of Rossianin, 351, 405 southern Russia, 203 Royal Martyrs, 412, 514, 546, 573, clergy distribution post-World 585, 588, 589, 600. See also War II, 383, 346–347 Cenotaph litya Constantine and, 530, 538 Rudakoff, Mr and Mrs, 409 ecumenism and, 235, 465, 466 Runciman, Stephen, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, Fischbek as cradle of, 334 621n5–8, 622n14 Harvard Road and, 600, 601, 602 Russia Iveron Icon and, 544 Baptism of, 175, 309, 545p, 546p Kursk icon and, 274 Black Sea Clauses and, 142–143 Maximovitch and, 419, 425, 559 Crimean War. See Crimean War Molchanoff and, 270 food and agriculture in, 47 national identity and, 351 London parish life and, 197, 202, Nikon’s description of Church in 210 England, 478–483 Palmer (William) visits to, 92, 93 Patriarchal election (1943) and, persecution of Russian Churches 337 in, 228 Polsky and, 305, 339, 343–344 Polsky and, 292–305, 308–309 reconciliation with Moscow Revolution/Civil War (See Patriarchate, 587–593 Russian Revolution) representing Orthodoxy in Triple Entente and, 158 England (1950s), 402, 406, Russian Academic Group, 229 431–432 Russian Army and Navy schism in Western Europe, Ex-servicemen’s Mutual 242–246, 436–437 Provident Association, 229 Serbian Orthodox and, 456, 457

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Russian Church Administration missionary activities in England, Abroad, 216 113–135, 476–477 (See Russian Churches and Other also Brotherhood of St Institutions Abroad (Maltseff), Seraphim) 15, 621n3 Peter the Great and, 7–8, 55, Russian Church in Berlin, 15, 492 revival in mid-nineteenth Russian Church in India, 639n15 century, 55, 149 Russian church music, 269p Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russian clergy, first in London, 14–18 Russia, 559, 573, 628n15 Russian dissident movement, Russian Orthodox Church Outside 534–537 Russia Commission, 590 Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Russian Red Cross, 156, 229, 232, Jerusalem, 305, 512 403, 452, 597 Russian Embassy. See also Embassy Russian Refugees Relief Association, church, Imperial Embassy, 345, 349–350, 354, 403, 404p, Soviet Embassy 407, 410 Paradise and, 39, 41, 43, 44 Russian Refugees’ Self-help Revolution in Russia and, Association in Great Britain, 193–194, 221 229 Smirnove and, 39, 41, 43, 44 Russian Relief Committee, 211 Woronzow and, 39–44 Russian Relief Fund (for Great Russian Empire, 190, 193, Britain), 229 Russian Federation, 570, 585, 589, 602 Russian Revolution, 191–194, 222, Russian government (Imperial). 277, 407, 497, 587. See also diplomatic presence in London Bolsheviks (1890s), 160 Russki Ochag, 404 establishment of Orthodox Russo-Japanese War, 163 churches outside Russia, 1 Orloff and, 155 Sablin, Eugene Vasilievich, 194, 196, support of Church in London, 1, 224, 232, 244, 411, 417 7–8, 10, 16, 84 Sackville College, 96, 97 Russian Government Committee, 189 Samborsky, Andrew, Archpriest/ Russian House, 232, 245, 411 Reader/Father, 18, 20, 23p, Russian in England, The, 274, 281, 23–25, 28, 31, 615 308, 309 samizdat writings, 535, 537, 641n1 Russian Labour Bureau, 211 Samuel of Alexandria, Patriarch, Russian language news service, 406 3, 10 Russian Orthodox Church. See also Savchenko, Nikolay, Father/Priest, Orthodoxy 591, 600, 602, 617

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Savitcheva, Catherine Ivanovna, Serbia, 151, 158, 164, 347, 530 213, 213p Nicholas (Karpoff) from, Savva, Archbishop, 285, 314p, 344, 251–252 345p, 351, 352p, 353p, 396 Russian refugees in, 201, 203, 211, Sawicz, John, Father/Archpriest, 230 396, 418, 506, 617 Serbian Orthodox Church, 358, Sazonoff, Sergei Dimitrievitch, 159, 432, 447, 456–457, 468, 533, 171, 174 540, 569, 586, 587, 601. See also schism in Western Europe, 242–248, Nicholas (Karpoff) 433, 436 clergy helping in London parish, Scholts, Gherman Alexandrovitch, 264, 376, 401, 421 161 Sergius (Stragorodsky), Schtipakin, Dmitri, 440p, 444, Metropolitan, 244, 301, 337, 445p 587, 590, 634n4 Schukin, Sergei, Father, 347, 348p, Shepherd, 528, 531, 533 355, 357, 380p, 395 Shepperson, Archibald Bolling, Dr, “second emigration,” 321. See also 20, 21, 44, 622n4 emigrants/emigration Sherrard, Philip, 501, 640n28 secret Church, 301, 302, 468–469 Shevtel, Moishe, 162 Self-help Association for Refugees Shipounov, F., 543 from North Russia, 229 Shkuro, General, 326 Semeonov, Mikhail Ivanovich, 555, Short Account of the Historical 562–564 Development and Present Senyavich, James, 621n11 Position of Russian Orthodox Seraphima, Abbess/Mother, 423, Missions, A (Smirnoff), 166, 575, 577, 578–582 630n10 Seraphim (Lade), Metropolitan, 329, Siberia 383 concentration camps in, 322, 328, Seraphim (Lukianov) 409, 489 as Bishop of Finland, 210, 222, Imperial government in, 194, 202 239–242, 247–249, 251 Nestor and, 281, 282 as Bishop/Metropolitan of Paris refugees from 207, 230 and Western Europe, 254, Russian Church in, 215 267, 270, 272–277, 274p, Simon of Kremenetz, Bishop, 254 339, 616 Sisterhood of St Xenia, 223–224, Seraphim of Sarov, St, 419, 435, 474, 228, 259, 421, 451, 452 486–487, 533, 600 Situation of the Church in Soviet Seraphim (Scuratov), Abbot, 533, Russia, The (Polsky), 347 541–542, 545p, 557 Slavophile policy, political, 59

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Slavophile school, theology, 55, 149 Smolensk, 145, 178, 212. See also SMERSH interrogation centre, 328, Mother of God 635n2 Sobor, 194, 242, 244–245, 280, 339, Smirnoff, Eugene, Father/ 466, 530, 588, 590, 596, 639n8 Archpriest, 615 sobornaya, 244, 245 contact with Anglicans, 174–184 sobornost, 556 death of, 225, 228 sobornoye, 464 Embassy church and, 2, 149–165 Sofronov, Pimen, 530 London parish and, 195–202 soleas, 444, 445, 638n4 London parish and church Solodovnikoff, Simeon, Archpriest, hierarchy and, 215–217 267, 616 Orthodox missions in Americas/ Soloukhin, Vladimir, 562 India/Spain and, 168–174 Soloviev, Vladimir, 278 Orthodox in other countries and, Solovki, prison camp, 299–301 165–168 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 322, St Mary-le-Bow Church and, 534–535, 535p 202, 208, 215 “Sorrowful Epistles” (Voznesensky), St Philip’s Church and, 222, 223 466 at Welbeck Street, 131, 147, Sourozhsky, Antony, 592. See also 632n11 Anthony (Bloom) World War I and, 184–190 Soviet concentration camps, 299, Smirnoff, Peter, Archbishop, 156 322, 328, 543 Smirnove, Ivan, 29, 32 Soviet interference in Russian Smirnove, James, Father/ Church. See also schism in Archpriest, 27–31, 615, 623n1 Western Europe as agricultural expert, 46–47 inside Russia, 228, 294, 357, 436 blindness and death of, 51–53 (See also Living Church) Crisis of 1791 and, 39–44 outside Russia, 336–341, 587 as diplomat, 29, 44–46 (See also Moscow financial concerns, 29, 48 Patriarchate) Kvitnitsky and, 66 Soviet Embassy, 352–353, 409, 422, North and, 34–38, 623n7 536p Paradise and, 39–44 Soviet Russia pectoral cross and, 624n9 Anthony (Bloom) and, 592 recognitions for, 48 Cossacks and (See Cossacks) Russian Church community in dissident movement, 534–537 London and, 31–34 Gorbachev and, 588–589 at Welbeck Street, 48–51 Israel and, 417 Woronzow and, 28, 33, 39–44 Koryagin and, 543

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Ministry of Internal Affairs St Mary-le-Bow Church, 202, 208, (MVD), 410 214, 215, 219, 220 old émigrés nostalgia for, 339, 351 St Pancras Cemetery, 12–13, 14 Polsky and, 292–305 St Petersburg Seminary, 151, 234 Provisional Government and, St Petersburg Spiritual Consistory, 67 193–194 St Petersburg Theological Academy, repatriation to (See repatriation to 58, 144, 150, 153, 208, 233, 595 Soviet Union) St Philip’s Church Rudakoffs and, 409–410 Cheremetieff at, 395p Russian refugees and, 352–353, demolition of, 434–435 409–410 Emperor’s Gate receiving sacred Soviet Nationals, 322 objects from, 445 Soviet Union dissolved, 589 London parish at, 219–225, 220p, St John of Kronstadt and, 588 221p Sowells, Natalie, 561, 574 Maximovitch and, 421 Spain, Orthodox mission plans for, Nicholas (Karpoff) and, 254, 170–174 256p, 257, 260p Spaulding Foundation, 258 Nikodem and, 402, 465, 471–472 Speransky, John, Deacon/Father, parish life at, 228, 231, 237, 241, 146, 152 275, 309, 433, 439 Stafford Assizes, 132, 628n17 Polsky and, 309, 311–312, 314p Stalin, Joseph, 321, 322–323, 337, Refugees Relief Association and, 338, 406, 485, 490 354 stanitsa, 292 schism in Western Europe and, Stanley, Arthur, 104, 627n8 246–247, 637n10 State of the Church in the Soviet Vitaly and, 376, 381p, 433 Union, The (Polsky), 292 Ware and, 412–415 State Political Directorate (GPU), St Seraphim’s Church, 473p 634n3 St Sergius Theological Institute, St Alban’s Cathedral, 534 228, 243, 267, 530 St Alexander Nevsky Lavra, 52 St Zossima hermitage, 294 St Edward Brotherhood, 532, 533, Straits Convention of 1840, 59 541, 544, 592, 596 Stratoulias, Constantine, St Elizabeth’s Church, 601 Archimandrite, 100 St Giles Cripplegate, 597 Strokovsky, John, Deacon, 153–154 St Giles-in-the-Fields, 597 Struve, Gleb, 38, 44 St Gregory parish, 531, 533 Stukacz, John, Father, 512 St Mark of Ephesus and the Florentine Sukhonik, Captain, 224 Union (Ambrose), 454 summer camps, 233, 259–260

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Supreme Administration of the Theodore (Golitsin), Archbishop, Russian Church Abroad, 207, 334–336 242–243 Theodosius of Novgorod, Supreme Church Administration Archbishop, 9 of South Russia, 205, 206, 215, Theodossy of Sao Paolo and Brazil, 216 Archbishop, 375, 381 Survey of the Russian Empire Theokritoff, Vladimir, Bishop/ According to its Newly Deacon/Father, 154, 155, 189, Regulated State (Pleshcheyev), 196, 222, 223, 224, 233, 248, 339 47–48 Theophan of Kursk, Bishop/ Susanna, Sister, 461. See also Archbishop, 252, 254, 264 Seraphima, Abbess Theophan the Recluse, St, 500 Suscenko, Alexander, 532p Theotokis, Nicephorus, 20, 623n5 Suscenko, John, Father, 515–516, Third Reich, 321, 492 521, 526, 533, 536p, 541, 545p, Thomson, James, 83–86, 626n15 549, 554, 557, 617 Tikhon of Berlin, Bishop, 254 Symeon, St, 35 Tikhon, Patriarch, 156, 614, 630n14 Synod Church in Exile and, 194, 205, appointment of Constantine, 530 216, 240, 244, 245, 587 Nikodem and, 387, 425, 432, 512, Patriarchal Throne after, 337 525, 528 Polsky and, 293, 294, 299 Synod in Yugoslavia, 240, 242, Timofeevna, Parasceva, 461p 246, 339 Timofeyeff, Vasily Tikhonovitch, Synod of Bishops, 243, 355, 383, 154–155, 189, 190, 196, 233, 387, 419, 455, 478, 512, 514 239–240, 247, 248, 616 Synod of Bishops of the Russian To London (Nathaniel), 388 Church Abroad, 237 Tolstoy, Alexander Petrovitch, Synodal Cathedral, New York, 526, Count, 64, 102–103, 113–121 540 Tolstoy-Miloslavsky, Andrei, Count, Synodal Commission on the 552, 554, 555, 562 Western Rite, 140, 143 Tolstoy, Dimitry, Count, 65, 112, synodal system, 55, 184, 628n11 122–123, 137–138, 143 Syrigos, Meletios, 35 Tolstoy, Nikolai, Count, 321, 323, Syro-Chaldean Church in India, 170 324, 327, 408, 513p, 542, 641n1 Sytnik, Afanasy, 525 Tolstoy, Yuri, Count, 125, 128 Towle, Eleanor, 97 Temporary Church Administration, Toyne, Daniel, 528 216 Tractarian movement, 92, 115. See Theodore, Hierodeacon, 356, 376 also Oxford movement

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Treaty of San Stefano, 158, 176 Orthodox Mission in, 156, 166, Treaty of Tilsit, 46, 48 168–169 Troitsky, Nicholas, Father, 454–455, Paradise and, 21, 22, 43 457, 459, 462p, 466p, 472, University of London, 233 475p, 476p. See also Niconor Urals Cossack Choir, 271p (Troitsky) Uspensky, Nicholas, Father/Priest, “Troitsky’s Workshop,” 300 359–360, 376, 616 Trotsky, Leon, 191 Uspensky, Paul, 360 Troyanoff, Igor, Father, 344–345 Tserkovna Byulleten (Church Vadkovsky, Anthony, Archbishop Bulletin), 516 of Finland/Metropolitan of St Tserkovnaya Zhizn, 272 Petersburg, 151, 153, 167, 170, tserkovnik, 31, 625n6 179, 183, 184 Turgenev, Alexander Ivanovich, 30 Valaam Monastery, 240, 500 Turkevitch, Leonid, Reverend, 169, Vasilievsky, Ivan, 15, 18 630n14 Vassilisin, Anatoly, 241, 259, 261, Turkey, 32, 39–40, 63, 81, 158, 207 267, 632n3, 638n24 Turkish Empire, 59, 69, 81, 99 Vatford, Mikhail, 585 Tver Theological Seminary, 58 veneration “Two Orthodox Englishment of the of icons, 9 18th Century” (Struve), 38 of Mother of God, 8–9, 303 typicon, 189, 199, 349, 394, 423, Veselovsky, Constantine, Father/ 636n4 Archpriest, 164, 196, 215, 216, 217, 233–234, 248, 615 Ukraine, 25, 58, 203, 322, 351, 557 Victims of Yalta, The (Tolstoy), 321 Ukrainian Autocephalous Church, Victoria, Queen, 63, 145, 151, 152, 351 156, 157, 176, 179, 183, 631n18 “Unburned Bush” icon, 423, Victor (Jankovich), Father, 456–457, 638n17 466p, 513p, 639n9, 617 underground Church, 302. See also Vidov Dan, 421, 432 secret Church Vikentia, Mother, 582 Understanding our Church Calendar, Vilde, Vladimir, 543 278 Vilgerts, Vladimir, Archpriest, 617 United Kingdom. See England/ Vinogradoff, Basil (Vassily), United Kingdom Protopresbyter/Father, United Kingdom Deanery, 355, 375 248–249, 249p United States Vitaly (Maximenko), Church life in, 431 Archimandrite/Archbishop, Molchanoff in, 290 329, 343, 347, 635n1

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Vitaly (Oustinow), Archimandrite/ von Pannwitz, Helmuth, General, Bishop/Archbishop/ 322, 326, 327 Metropolitan, 328–336, 329p, Vovniuk, Joseph, Father, 557 538, 542, 616 Vozrozhdeniye (Rebirth), 422 Anastassy/Kursk icon and, 372–374 Walsingham. See also Brotherhood as Bishop of Montevideo, 375, of St Seraphim 376–378, 380p, 381p, 381, clergy at, 384p 383 pilgrimages to, 283p, 400–401, at Fischbek camp, 328–336 474, 476p London parish and, 343–347, Wanley, Humphrey, 3–4 344p, 353–363, 353p, 363p, War and Peace (Tolstoy), 338 433–434, 451 War Charities Act 1916, 229 as Metropolitan, 538, 542, 543p, Ware, Timothy, 412–415, 637n10. 544 See also Kallistos (Ware) Orthodox Review and, 364–372 Wassilieff, Joseph, Archpriest/ Palmer and, 498 Father, 105–111, 122, 627n9, Vladimir, St, 309, 411, 544 628n13 Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky), Watford, Michael, 585 Metropolitan/St, 151, 153, 184, Webb, Benjamin, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101 204, 215, 614 weddings. See also marriages Vladimir of Kronstadt, Bishop, 152, of Chavchavadze/Romanoff, 153 221p Vladimirovna, Elena, Grand of Duke of Edinburgh/ Duchess, 274 Alexandrovna, 145 Vlasov, Andrey, General, 322, 407 of Galitzine/Wingfield, 447p Voi-Peres, Vincent, Spanish of Ludwell/Paradise, 20 General, 171 parish records of 12, 32, 51, 157 Volkoff-Muromtsev, Barbara, 349 of Scholts/Nelly Cameron, Volkovsky, Foka Feodorovitch, 161–162 154–155, 189, 292p, 346, 376, of Volosseviches, 395p 400, 449, 634n1 of Williams/Ackerman, 260p Volokevitch, T. A., 451 Weitensfeld camp, 328 Volossevich, George, 554, 558 Welbeck Street. See Embassy church Volossevich, Liubov, 395p Western Christians, 2, 135, 143 Voluntary Workers, 349, 354 Western Rite Orthodoxy, 135–143 Volunteer Army, 206, 293, 407 West London Polish Orthodox von Meck, Galina Nikolaeyevna, Church, 352p 350, 483–496, 483p Westminster Abbey, 235, 403, 421

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White Army, 194, 202, 203, 206, 221, Ludwell and, 19 267, 293, 407 new church at Welbeck Street White Generals, The (Luckett), and, 48–49 203–204 Paradise and, 20, 22, 39–44 White Russian emigrants, 323, 324 Smirnove and, 28, 33, 39–44 “White” Russian Church Abroad, Woronzow Papers, The, 44 422, 436 Wrangel, Peter Nikolayevich, Williams, George, 100, 626n3 Baron, 205–206 Williams, Kenneth, 260p Writings from the Philokalia on Williams, Rowan, Archbishop of Prayer of the Heart, 499, 500, Canterbury, 601 640n23 Wilson-Claridge, Geoffrey, 533 Wilson-Claridge, John, 528, 533 Xenia the Roman, St, 632n11 Wingfield, Patricia, 447p Xenia of St Petersburg, Blessed, Wiseman, Cardinal, 135 632n11 Wolcough, Gregory, 554, 560p Wolcough, Sophia, 453p Yakunin, Gleb, Father, 543 Wolcough, Victoria, 573 Yalta agreement, 326, 336 Wolverhampton mission, 124–125, Yalta Conference, 322, 323 127–131, 133–134, 141, 142, Yamshchikov, Savely, 555, 562 628n17 Yankovitch, Fyodor, 532p, 545p Wooldridge Singers, 472 Yartseff, Vasily, 153 World Council of Churches (WCC), Yellachich, Nicholas, 561–562, 566, 465 568, 571, 573, 574, 583, 584 World War I Yellachich, Tanya, 561–562 Cenotaph in Whitehall, 514 Yeltsin, Boris, 589 Genoa Conference and, 632n6 York Buildings, church at, 11–14, London parish and, 184–190 16. See also Graeco-Russian World War II Church London parish and, 284–285, Young, Arthur, 23, 25, 46–47 311–315 Yudenitch, Nicholas, General, 267 Maximoff and, 633n7 Yugoslavia Palmer and, 496 Arndt in, 540 von Meck and, 491–494 “Belgrade Nightingales,” Woronzow, Mikhail, Field 283–284 Marshall/Prince, 32, 43, 62 Church in Exile and, 207 Woronzow, Simeon, Count, 32–33, control of Serbian Orthodox 630n7 Church, 456 Crisis of 1791 and, 38–44 Evlogy in, 216, 244

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John (Maximovitch) in, 419 Zakrevsky, Igor, 557p Molchanoff in, 290 Zakrevsky, Natalya, 557, 557p, 573 Nicholas (Karpoff) in, 252, Zakrevsky, Roman, 557p 263–264 Zakrevsky, Vadim, Father, 557, Nikodem and, 390, 401, 516 557p, 560p, 569, 571, 573, 575, Russian émigrés in, 283–284 585, 593–596, 617 Sablin and, 224 Zashchitin, Sergei, 573 Sobor in, 280 Zernov, Nicholas, 340 Zhdanoff, Prokhor, 18, 24 Zadworny, Philemon, Deacon/ Zheverzheff, Ivan Alexeievitch, 165 Father, 333, 376, 385, 456, 482, Zhukov, Alexander, 574 516 Zinovieff, Colonel, 229 Zakharov, Vassily, 231–232 Zossima, Priest-monk, 267

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