Fusion in Europe News & Views on the Progress of Fusion Research

FUSION IN EUROPE NEWS & VIEWS ON THE PROGRESS OF FUSION RESEARCH

WHY EUROfusion?

WINTER 2019 FUSION IN EUROPE WINTER 2019 Contents

MY REASON WHY 4 NEW JET PROGRAMME 10 ? Picture: courtesy of UKAEA ??? ? POSTER ? WHY EUROfusion?6 WENDELSTEIN 7-X 12 ? Picture: Christophe Roux

© Petra Nieckchen, Head of SUBSCRIBE FOR FREE Imprint Communications Dept. ? HERE: FUSION IN EUROPE This magazine or parts of it may not https://tinyurl.com/yc7lz3xm ISSN 1818-5355 be reproduced without permission. ? Text, pictures and layout, except whe- @FusionInCloseUp ? re noted, courtesy of the EUROfusion members. The EUROfusion members @fusion2050 are the Research Units of the Europe- EUROfusion linkedin.com/company/eurofusion/ Programme Management Unit – Garching an Fusion Programme. Responsibility Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching / Munich, Germany for the information and views expres- ATTENTION new readers! phone: +49-89-3299-4128 sed in this newsletter lies entirely with You’ll find many acronyms and terms in this email: [email protected] the authors. Neither the Research editor: Karl Tischler Units or anyone acting on their behalf magazine that are most likely foreign to you. Fear not! We've highlighted them and provided This project has received funding from the is responsible for any damage resul- Euratom research and training programme ting from the use of information cont- easy-to-understand descriptions on our website: 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement No 633053. ained in this publication. www.euro-fusion.org/glossary

Newsletter Eurofusion 2016-01_final_aktu120416.indd 4 01.06.16 11:28 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

Karl Tischler OPEN SCIENCE PART 2 16 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR On the way in to work this morning I listened to a Freako- nomics podcast “How to Change Your Mind”. It pointed 14 Soft Innovation Prize out that we often believe we know more than we actually do, and when asked to explain something as simple as how a ballpoint pen works we cannot. 20 Impressions Since starting at EUROfusion in late February, I have asked a lot of people across the EUROfusion Programme 22 ITER Generation to explain what it is all about.

While there were common themes, people’s answers 23 Consortium Members varied to some degree, usually based on their experience with and within EUROfusion. The leader of a scientific institution or head of a fusion department’s answer was Cover: Picture by Tim Graf on Unsplash notably different than that of a PhD student. Picture: Christophe Roux

I’ve tried to capture many of these answers for you in this issue. And I hereby invite you, as you read these answers, FIRST-EVER READER SURVEY to revisit your own and share it with us. Do you like hot beverages? Then you need one of our le- gendary coffee mugs! You will have the chance to win WIN ME! one by visiting www.euro-fusion.org/survey and simply sharing with me how we can make Fusion in Europe a better read for you and better are letting others know about fusion, fusion research efforts and the EUROfusion Programme.

Just don’t ask me to explain how the coffee machine here works.

www.euro-fusion.org/survey Karl Tischler Editor of Fusion in Europe [email protected] 2 3 FUSION IN EUROPE

MY REASONS WHY

BY TONY DONNÉ, Two important actions taken at the start of EUROFUSION PROGRAMME MANAGER Horizon 2020 have drastically improved the coherence of the programme and have turned European fusion research into a focused and Before the EU’s Horizon 2020 Research and goal-oriented activity. Innovation programme, European fusion research was coordinated in a limited number of First, 29 national institutes from 27 different areas, with the Joint European Torus (JET) as countries established the EUROfusion consor- the only common facility. Each country had its tium, with a central programme management own plan and priorities, and often also its own unit. In 2017, Ukraine joined as 30th member. research facilities that were mostly nationally exploited. Although there was a common goal – Second, the European Research Roadmap to the to achieve fusion electricity – all countries had Realisation of Fusion Energy was drafted, with different approaches and often focused only on the ambition to realise fusion electricity by the a limited number of aspects. middle of this century.

4 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

EUROfusion is a big leap forward in making fusion research in Europe more focused and goal-oriented. The system of loosely coupled national research programmes during the previ- ous European Framework Programme has been transformed into one of the most coherent, geo- graphically distributed, European research programmes. In the meantime, EUROfusion has become a brand with its own distinct identity. Nowadays, Strictly based on the specifications of the roadm- when you visit international fusion conferences ap, EUROfusion defines its research priorities you see many posters and presentations with our and co-funds research programmes. Under unmistakable blue circle. I am often commended co-funding, consortium members contribute by leaders from other countries for the enormous about fifty percent whileEuratom directly funds impact EUROfusion is making in the field. Just a the second half. Co-funding has proven to be few days before writing this address, a Japanese very successful in aligning national programmes director expressed how impressed he was by the to the roadmap. synergy of Europe’s tokamak and stellarator programmes which are working together towards The detailed work programme is jointly defined one common goal. by the best scientists across labs in Europe and makes optimum use of research facilities to max- Looking back at the past years, we can be proud imise output. EUROfusion organises experimen- of the many achievements the Consortium has tal campaigns at the national facilities and also realised. However, many challenges remain to helps researchers use facilities located elsewhere be tackled in Horizon Europe – the upcoming around the world. By combining the specific Framework Programme running from 2021 to strengths of the national research programmes, 2025. For instance, the DEMO design activity EUROfusion has created a truly European re- needs to be expanded, which implies a further search effort. This has made Europe a stronger shift from plasma physics and fusion science to global actor and the global leader in the field of fusion technology. It will be a challenge to keep fusion research. the required skills and expertise on board and retain the European labs’ eagerness and match- One of the most striking improvements since the ing national funding during this transition. start of the EUROfusion Consortium is the joint programming of the various tokamak devices. Elsewhere in this issue I am quoted as having Annual campaign planning starts by defining compared myself to a captain of an airplane the high-level objectives and prioritising the tasked with repairing the engines while in full ideas for experiments that address them. Only flight. EUROfusion was set up in 2014 in a rel- after the priorities are set is it decided which of atively short time. As a result we had to adopt the tokamaks (or combination of them) can best many rules and regulations from EFDA, our pre- tackle the individual experimental proposals. In decessor programme, on the fly. As we prepare this way gaps are avoided and a coherent pro- for Horizon Europe, we have a golden opportu- gramme is moulded that sees scientists from all nity to improve the organisation itself. In fact, a over Europe joining experiments at JET and the dedicated in-flight repair team is already hard at various national facilities. work at improving the governance and administration of EUROfusion.

Why EUROfusion? Because working collabora- tively is the best way to realise clean energy as quickly as possible. n

4 5 FUSION IN EUROPE ? ???WHY ? EUROfusion

? Continuing our examination of the basics through ? our “why” series, Fusion in Europe took it upon itself to ask and find out why the European Consorti- ? um for the Development of Fusion Energy matters. ?? Here’s what we found:

Europe decided to pair science with enginee ic successes but never actually lead to results ring and theory with implementation. like a functioning fusion reactor. And without results it becomes nearly impossible to justify Before the introduction of the EUROfusion continued public funding. ” Programme in 2014, Euratom simply funded 20% of European laboratories’ fusion research. Driven by a new sense of urgency and purpose, Laboratories and scientists were free to con- European laboratories are making tremendous duct whatever fusion-related research they progress in establishing the scientific feasibi- wanted. Since 2014, EUROfusion has priori lity of fusion as a reliable energy source. tised and directed funding according to the European Research Roadmap to the Realisa- “Europe recognised early on the need for a stra- tion of Fusion Energy. By focusing its budget tegic plan for fusion research going forward more strategically, Euratom now pays up to in order to harness fusion energy,” explains 55% of the research activities in which the labs Gianfranco Federici, head of EUROfusion's participate. Power Plant Physics and Technology group. “EUROfusion is seeking to develop a credi- EUROfusion Programme Manager Tony Don- ble route to this goal by supporting as much né sees immense benefits. “I would say that as possible the success of ITER, and turning EUROfusion has concentrated research where what we learn from it into the concept design it is most important. Without this long-term of a feasible, reliable, safe and cost-effective strategy, fusion research would have scientif- demonstration power plant called DEMO.”

6 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

Here’s what others had to say about why EUROfusion is important:

- “Fusion is an integrated research effort with “With EUROfusion we can show that the Euro practically all Member States participating (high pean nations can work together in a common critical mass). Fusion is funded 100% through framework, with common goals and by sharing public money. We expect to increase efficiency ” - resources. of this public money spending by having a Eu Manuel Alonso, PhD. MSc. Physics ropean programme reducing the fragmentation Eng., Instituto Superior Técnico, - and duplication of the research effort and deep Universidade de Lisboa ening the cooperation. The aim is to manage the fusion research efficiently, economically and - effectively. More focussing is required to im “The need for fu plement the fusion roadmap which is the role of sion directly fuels - EUROfusion” the need for an or ganisation trying - Dr.Ir Georges Bonheure, Scientific Officer “It fills the need for a central to promote - Policy Officer, European Commission, this re search… in an opti - institution to coordinate all Belgium mal way.” - the fusion efforts...”

“I think the key advantage of a framework like EU- ROfusion is that it allows easier exchange of peo- “I remember the words of Tony Donne in that re- ple and ideas across a large number of countries/ spect: “We are forced to do maintenance on an air- institutes. The 'plug-in/plug-out' system that exists craft while it is in flight. That's not easy ...” With for experimental work… as well as for modelling time, the structure of the organisation will likely be work… allows researchers from physically sepa- optimised.” rated labs to work together and to meet for work Dr. Dirk Van Eester, Laboratory for when needed.” Plasma Physics - ERM/KMS, Belgium

“This being said, all that comes with a - price. I think the EUROfusion struc ture is top-heavy and we should try to get more people active in the field and “EUROfusion facilitates and builds a network to less in the mid-level.” aid fusion research. It establishes a platform for young scientists to discuss and share research con- cerning fusion and adjacent fields. This network- ing and their matching grants allow newcomers access to a field that is otherwise difficult to get in “EUROfusion helps to make this difficult and to, which is a benefit for the whole community.” challenging dream real.” Lorenz Kranabetter, Physicist (Ion and Lucie Krůsová, FuseCOM – communication applied physics), Universität Innsbruck, Austria officer, Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic

6 7 FUSION IN EUROPE

“To educate the public that fusion is not equal to “fission” … “It encourages and facilitates Werner Engel, Aerospace researchers to achieve the near Engineering Researcher - Plasma impossible; recreating the sun Group, HITECHENGEL, Austria on Earth.” Sarah Lewis, Office/ Marketing Manager, Culham Science Centre, UK ? “A big part of science is the exchange and interaction of scientists from different fields. With -EU ? ROfusion this interaction is highly promoted. Since ? this project is that huge, tasks have to be shared. ? The coordination and synchronisation of all activities forces an international collaboration of universities, companies, scientists and governments. This frame created by EUROfusion, builds up a synergy ? that makes the whole project worthwhile regardless of a successful fusion reactor.” ? “Europe-wide coordination and division of labour in fu- ? sion research has proven its worth over many years and “Because Europe has always been at the forefront is a prime example of fruit- of research in many fields, and it can’t simply let ful European cooperation.” this opportunity slip in between its hands. Fusion Anonymous, ? power represents a hopefully not distant future, IPP, Germany it is therefore of major interest for everyone in the old continent to develop the expertise and ? know-how necessary to build and operate Nuclear Fusion Power Plants.” ? Dr. Dirk Radloff, Programme Manager, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), “Fusion research is a global Germany approach; however, coordination on smaller scales is necessary. The directions to- “Because EUROfusion systematises the research of huge wards the big goal have to be amount of researchers and unites many countries in or- marked by the community. ” der for mankind to reach fusion power. Due to the joint effort of the laboratories working towards one specific Anonymous Physicist, goal, the research is more effective and yields better re- Wigner RCP, Hungary sults. Therefore thanks to EUROfusion fusion power might not be far away.” Jasper Ristkok, Student, University of Tartu, Estonia

8 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

“ Without EUROfusion, international collaboration would be a much, much harder thing to do. EUROfusion also shows the path to realise fusion electricity which is - in my opinion - essential for such a large community.” Tamás Szabolics, Software Developer, Wigner RCP, Hungary

“EUROfusion is a huge pool of scientist and engineers all over Europe working ? “With EUROfusion we can show that to achieve a great goal and it is amaz- the European nations can ing to be a part of it.” work together in a common framework, with com Anonymous Engineer, Lithuanian ? mon goals and by sharing resources.” - ? energy institute, Lithuania Manuel Peres Alonso, PhD. MSc. Physics Eng., Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, “EUROfusion can be the torchbearer Portugal in creating awareness about this com- “EUROfusion is a driving force plex technology and befriend public for the collaboration of European opinion.” nations, because only a joint activity can reach the required re- Anonymous Engineer, Pakistan ?sult, the peaceful fusion energy.” István Földes, Physicist, Wigner RCP, Hungary “Because a team effort is necessary in order to fulfil what is probably the greatest achievement of humankind. The knowledge, the technology, and the investments of more than one country are fun- ? “Fusion is difficult. Individual nations have histor- damental. Also, in case of success, this technology ically not been able to provide the required human should be available to everyone in the world, and a and physical resources to develop fusion at the pace consortium is one of the possible ways this could required. Only by working together across national be guaranteed.” boundaries, pooling resources and sharing knowledge will the great fusion project succeed. EURO- Anonymous, Italian Institute of Technology fusion is an example of this necessary sharing and (IIT) / Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia pooling of resources, that one day could be the model for a global project to deliver fusion - something already started at ITER.” “Greta Thunberg urges politicians to believe sci Christopher Hall, Hydrogen entists. EUROfusion is synchronising - Process Engineer, ITER thousands of scientists across Europe who the believework of in what they are doing. Fusion will transform the energy landscape. To make it happen politicians need to also think beyond their limited terms in office.”

We want to hear from you! Dr. Petra Nieckchen, Head of the Com- SHARE YOUR ANSWERS: munications Department, EUROfusion https://www.facebook.com/fusion2050/ [email protected]

8 9 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion | NEW JET PROGRAMME CRUCIAL FOR FUTURE OF FUSION RESEARCH

Written by Richard Woodall of the CCFE Communications Team

1996 1991 1994

TRITIUM EXPERIMENTS VITAL information ahead of DT operation of FOR ITER ITER.” Deuterium-Tritium (DT) experiments on JET - scheduled for 2020 - are key in discov- A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY ering the science needed to help make ITER Until ITER starts operation with tritium in a success. It will also give JET physicists and 2035, JET tritium and deuterium-tritium exper- engineers vital experience of running a toka- iments offer the only opportunity for fusion sci- mak with tritium fuel. entists to investigate physics relevant to burning plasmas for ITER and the prototype fusion pow- Joelle Mailloux, Task Force Leader for er plant DEMO. JET's Tokamak Science, said: “The experimental programme ahead of us is split into The scientific programme will be undertaken five distinct phases. It started in June with a by a large and diverse team consisting of ap- deuterium campaign focusing on preparing proximately 450 scientists from 30 European the plasmas required to meet the DT cam- research units, including CCFE. paign goals. Following this, it will continue in 2020 with a hydrogen campaign and a trit- Joelle said: “The unique Tritium and DT cam- ium campaign for investigating the impact of paigns will attract high international interest, isotope mass on key plasma physics mecha- and more than 70 scientists from ITER and nisms such as plasma-wall interactions and ITER partner countries (mainly US, Japan, energy transport, and this is then followed Russia, and Korea) will participate in the JET by the DT campaign (DTE2). The experimen- programme. Thus, JET contributes not just in tal phase is then concluded by a deuterium providing unique physics results, but in main- campaign for cleaning the tritium out of the taining the world nuclear fusion experience of JET first wall. Theseexperiments are ex- working with tritium; both crucial for preparing pected to provide an incomparable source of for ITER and DEMO.” n

10 11 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

A scientific programme to exploit world-unique capabilities on the EuropeanJET fusion facility, hosted at CCFE, is now underway. Significant upgrades to JET- such as its inner wall of beryllium and tungsten - have effectively turned JET into a miniature version of the next-generation international fusion device ITER. JET is now as close as any device can get to ITER's operating conditions. EUROfusion's latest JET scientific programme (known as a 'campaign') marks the culmination of extensive engineering and scientific work since the'ITER-like' inner wall was installed in 2010. New and improved diagnostics and a major neutral beam injection heating upgrade followed.

1996 2019

2001

Pictures: courtesy of UKAEA

Why DT? In order to generate large amounts of power in future commercial fusion reactors, there needs to be a combination of two heavy hydrogen nuclei - in this case More than 70 deuterium and tritium - to fuel the fusion furnace. But scientists from ITER because of the radioactive nature of tritium - and also and ITER partner its scarcity - it is not used in most fusion experiments. In- countries will stead, most plasmas consist of deuterium, and although scientists are able to scale up the predicted performance participate in the of DT plasmas, there is nothing like using the real DT JET programme. mix itself. Because of JET's capability to handle tritium Joelle Mailloux, JET IOS Task Force and its similarity to ITER's operating conditions, the new Leader at UKAEA, Culham scientific programme has major significance for research into future fusion reactors.

10 11 WENDELSTEIN 7-X

Photographer Christophe Roux WENDELSTEIN 7-X

An outcome of meticulous engineering and research, Wendelstein 7-X is the world’s largest stellarator. With its twisting coils and sophisticated machinery, Wendelstein 7-X will con- fine plasma with temperatures of up to 100 million degrees and discharg- es lasting up to 30 minutes, and will be key to investigating a stellarator’s suitability as possible design for a future fusion power plant. It is housed at Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics’ Greifswald campus.

13 FUSION IN EUROPE

14 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion | WHAT IS THE SOFT INNOVATION PRIZE? This prize for innovation in fusion research gives a recognition to outstanding researchers or industries who have found innovative ideas or proposed new solutions in fusion research.

WHO CAN APPLY? A participant can be a researcher, a research team with links to the Euratom fusion research programme or an industry working for the ITER project. See the Rules of Contest for the eligibility conditions, award criteria and key dates.

PRIZE AMOUNT

1st prize: € 50 000 2nd prize: € 25 000 3rd prize: € 12 500 FOR MORE INFORMATION: [email protected] AWARD CEREMONY: SEPTEMBER 2020 @EUScienceInnov #SOFTInnovationPrize APPLY HERE Apply by 5 March 2020.

https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/topic-details/ prize-innovation-soft-2020

14 15 FUSION IN EUROPE

OPEN SCIENCE – PART 2: ONE LANGUAGE FOR FUSION

In Part 1 in our Spring issue we concluded that flexible, adaptable, affordable and usable solutions for Open Science are required. Now let’s look at the people creating these solutions for EUROfusion.

PÄR STRAND DAVID COSTER

is both Head of Unit and Professor of is Group Leader in Edge Physics, Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy/As- Tokamak Theory, at the Max Planck tronomy and Plasma Physics/Space at Institute for Plasma Physics in Garch- Chalmers University of Technology in ing, Germany - one of the 30 Benefi- Gothenburg, Sweden - a Third Party ciaries of EUROfusion. linked to EUROfusion via the Swedish Research Council - Vetenskapsrådet.

16 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

FAIR SHARE Back in 2016 a consortium of scientists pub- lished (1) data sharing principles called “FAIR”, which stands for its four foundational principles: Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability. “Or reproducibility,” adds Pär. “Because recreating data or redoing subsets of analysis is what’s important. For this we need metadata: data about data. For example if we want to reproduce electron temperature meas- urements we need to know which methods were used and what processes were followed.” Put simply, the more metadata the better. “Including who created the data,” advises Da- vid, “in order to give recognition. And who has used the data because if we discover an error we need to fix it everywhere.” Howev- er, the storage and use of personal metadata is governed by Europe’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), which complicates its DENIS KALUPIN collection and requires special administration. Which raises the question: how do you store is the Responsible Officer for Enabling all this data in a way that is FAIR, compliant Research and Work Packages SA and and cost-effective? “Science is self-correcting,” MST2 with EUROfusion. tells David. “But sometimes this takes years, even decades, to disprove. So determining how long we should store and share data is another aspect we will be exploring.” ONE FORMAT TO RULE THEM ALL “We’ve adopted an Interface Data Structure UNIQUE CHALLENGE (IDS) which we’ll use for all of ITER’s re- Even with all this metadata, reproducing fu- search data,” explains Denis Kalupin. “Then sion data is a challenge. “There is always varia- for each research machine we’ll build a step bility between fusion devices,” explains David. that converts their disparate results into the “Each is one-of-a-kind right down to its soft- IDS format. We’ll also have an entire package ware.” This is because prior to the 2014 EURO- of tools able to analyse IDS data. Each institute fusion collaborative agreement each institute or researcher can use them according to their set their own standards. So each experimental needs. Once in place, EUROfusion scientists fusion device generates different outputs (data) will be able to efficiently compare data from from the same process. Comparing the results different machines, leveraging decades of in- of a single aspect of a shot (an experiment) re- vestment in fusion research.” quires a detailed understanding of each machine. Data therefore has to be decoded for Already the WEST fusion research device has inter-machine data sharing and analysis. But adopted IDS. Given ITER’s importance, IDS changing results into a comparable format can is expected to become the global standard for take months. fusion research data. It will be the backbone of the ITER Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite This is now changing. (IMAS) that all ITER members will use. u

16 17 FUSION IN EUROPE

Combining vision with pragmatism, Rupert speaks convincingly about the objectives of the EOSC Science Cloud and the promotion of Open Science. “Pollution, cancer, food se- curity, sustainable energy… there are so many challenges we need to solve and the best way is to do it together,” shares Rupert. “Cross-dis- ciplinary sharing of scientific information and data is creating new insights and solutions – some we could never have predicted.” RUPERT LÜCK EOSC is committed to finding practical ways is the Head of IT at the European Mo- to increase sharing and build new momentum lecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) within the broader scientific community, and headquartered in Heidelberg, Ger- is exploring services, policies, framework, data many. storage standards, and ways to get scientists to share and use Open Science. “We want to cre- ate the best possible infrastructure for Open Science that can bring together resources and build on what is there,” tells Rupert. u OPEN EUROPE EIROforum represents seven intergovernmen- “The more we cross-share within wider scien- tal scientific research organisations and EU- tific communities, the more we can benefit,” ROfusion. Standing on the shoulders of these enthuses Rupert. It comes down to what can be giants is the charmingly enthusiastic Rupert activated and accessed. This is why increasing Lück. Coming from EIROforum’s IT group, he is setting up the governance for the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) initiative. EOSC is designing the technology infrastructure for Open Science. They’re already sharing peta- bytes (PB) of data. We have started Fair4fusion (2) for which we are 1 petabyte (PB) = 1,000 tera- bringing together technical bytes (TB) of data = the storage expertise and EUROfusion data capacity of 1.5 million CD-ROM discs = more than 4,000 digital providers to prototype open photos every day for your entire data access solutions. The aim life is to provide a blueprint for a full scale implementation for the European Fusion community to decide and build their future data access on.

Pär Strand

18 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

sharing is the goal instead of forcing everyone to share everything. “Creativity, openness and (1) of course funding are the critical factors. Let’s https://www.nature.com/articles/ see what happens!” sdata201618

OPEN FUSION (2) This openness and support is reflected at https://cordis.europa.eu/project/ EUROfusion. “This will be an enormous over- rcn/223667/factsheet/en?WT.mc_ haul but there is the potential for a lot of good id=RSS-Feed&WT.rss_f=project&WT. to come out of it,” agrees Tony Donné, EURO- rss_a=223667&WT.rss_ev=a fusion Programme Manager. “We are coming up with a practical proposal that fits to our field of science. This is the key to making the most of Open Science.”

As EUROfusion adopts Open Science, we are already realising benefits and efficiencies. Shar- ing massive amounts of research data, metadata For more information about the European and tools in a cost-effective manner will defi- Commission’s policy goals for open innovation nitely be a challenge. But the prospective gains and open science, visit: are tremendous. “Having the entire world using one language for fusion will take collaboration https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and- and sharing to a whole new level,” shares Pär innovation/strategy/goals-research-and- Strand. “It will accelerate fusion research and innovation-policy_en increase returns on public investment.” n

About EIROforum “The European Intergovernmental Research Organisation forum, EIROForum, brings together eight of Europe’s largest research organisations. The eight EIROforum organisations have extensive expertise in the areas of basic research and the management of large, international infrastructures, facilities and research programmes. It is the mission of EIROforum to combine the resources, facilities and expertise of its member organisations to support European science in reaching its full potential.” Source: https://www.eiroforum.org/about-eiroforum/

18 19 FUSION IN EUROPE IMPRESSIONS

If these stunning images look familiar, it’s because they come from EyeSteelFilm’s 2017 documentary “Let There Be Light - The 100 Year Journey to Fusion.” The film chronicles the work of the passionate scientists who are struggling to make fusion work – from ware- house-based startups to the giant ITER Project. Director Mila Aung-Thwin has generously given us access to feature some of our favourite illustrations by E.D. Films.

EyeSteelFilm is a Montreal-based Canadian cinema production company co-founded by Daniel Cross and Mila Aung-Thwin. http://www.eyesteelfilm.com/

The documentary is available for rent or purchase worldwide on Vimeo.com in English or French. http://www.eyesteelfilm.com/portfolio/Lettherebelight2

20 FUSION IN EUROPE | Winter 2019 | EUROfusion |

20 21 CONSORTIUM FEATURE: ITER GENERATION

Coming from EUROfusion’s 30 research organisations and 150+ universities, these ex- ceptional young people are the ITER Generation – the ones who will realise the vast yet evasive potential of nuclear fusion electricity.

Frida Eriksson Whether it is with nature, yoga or fusion, Frida pursues that which she finds most fascinating. It was in fact a plasma physics course and the opportunity to be part of such a big and interesting project which has led to her current post doc position as a Technical Responsible Officer for the European Transport Simulator (ETS) at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. Here she sets up and runs physics simulations, develops strategies for plasma scenarios, and provides training on the physics and best use of the various modules.

Frida’s work is part of WPCD (code development for integrated modelling) which supports achievements in EUROfusion’s Mission 1 – Plasma regimes of operation, and 2 – Heat-exhaust systems. Why EUROfusion?

Cooperation and coordination of resources in the bigger picture. For me personally, it is the opportunity to participate in experimental campaigns on different machines.

Vladimir Solokha Doctoral Researcher Vladimir’s perfect night is one spent discussing football formations and basketball tactics. This passion for finding a way to win has led him to Finland’s Aalto University where he is devoted to investigating the isotope effect on JET’s divertor plasma conditions. JET’s scale and corresponding physics means his work can be extrapolated to ITER, making his efforts part of the exciting final steps towards the realisation of fusion power.

Vladimir’s work directly contributes to EUROfusion’s Mission 2 – heat-exhaust systems.

Why EUROfusion?

It gives young researchers access to data from different fusion devices and the opportunity to learn something new from every one of them. The diffusion of the scientists accelerates fusion research and makes the ignition closer because nobody is doing the same work twice.

22 EUROPEAN CONSORTIUM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUSION ENERGY REALISING FUSION ELECTRICITY

Institute of Plasma Physics Ecole Royale Militaire Bulgarian Academy Academy of Sciences of the AUSTRIA LaboratoryEcole Royale for Plasma Militaire Physics Bulgarian Academyof Sciences of Sciences RuđerRuđer BoškovićBošković Institute Institute University of ofCyprus Cyprus InstituteCzech of Plasma Republic Physics Laboratory for Plasma Physics BULGARIA CROATIA CYPRUS Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic AUSTRIA BELGIUMBELGIUM BULGARIA CROATIA CYPRUS CZECHCZECH REPUBLIC REPUBLIC

The French Alternative Technical University Technical Research Centre Energies and Atomic Energy of Denmark University of Tartu of Finland Commission Technical University of Denmark University of Tartu Technical Research Centre of Finland The French Alternative Energies GERMANY GERMANY DENMARKDENMARK ESTONIAESTONIA FINLANDFINLAND and AtomicFRANCE Energy Commission GERMANY GERMANY FRANCE

Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy National Centre for Scientiﬁ c Wigner Research Centre and Sustainable Economic Research “Demokritos” for Physics Dublin City University Development GERMANYGERMANY NationalGREECE Centre for Scientific Wigner ResearchHUNGARY Centre for Physics DublinIRELAND City University Italian NationalITALY Agency for New LATVIA Research “Demokritos” HUNGARY IRELAND Technologies, Energy and Sustainab- GREECE le Economic Development ITALY

Institute of Plasma Physics Lithuanian Energy Institute and Laser Microfusion Institute for Atomic Physics Comenius University Jožef Stefan Institute LITHUANIA POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA Lithuanian Energy Institute Institute of Plasma Physics PORTUGAL Institute for Atomic Physics Comenius University Joˇzef Stefan Institute LITHUANIA and Laser Microfusion ROMANIA SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA POLAND

Centre for Energy, Environment Swiss Federal Institute of Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology Research Swedish Research Council Technology in Lausanne and Technology SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND THE NETHERLANDS UKRAINE UNITED KINGDOM

Centre for Energy, Environment Swedish Research Council SWITZERLAND THE NETHERLANDS Kharkov Institute of Physics UNITED KINGDOM and Technology Research SWEDEN and Technology SPAIN Our partners: UKRAINE OUR PARTNERS:

FRANCE SPAIN

FRANCE SPAIN 22 This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement No 633053.

ISSN 1818-5355

Newsletter Eurofusion 2016-01_final_aktu120416.indd 4 01.06.16 11:28