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National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Assessment 2020 Is the Culmination of Work Begun in October 2018 and Completed in March 2020

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National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Assessment 2020 Is the Culmination of Work Begun in October 2018 and Completed in March 2020 MAY 2020 2020 NATIONAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES ASSESSMENT National Association of State EMS Officials www.nasemso.org 2020 NATIONAL EMS ASSESSMENT DISCLAIMER This document was produced with support from the US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Office of Emergency Medical Services (OEMS) through cooperative agreement DTNH2216H00016. The contents of this document are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NHTSA. May 27, 2020 Page i 2020 NATIONAL EMS ASSESSMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer ..................................................................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. iv Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................. v Methodology .................................................................................................................................................... v Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................... viii EMS Organizations .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Types of EMS Agencies .................................................................................................................................... 1 Number of EMS Agencies by Type ................................................................................................................. 16 Types of Vehicles ........................................................................................................................................... 26 Number of EMS Agencies by Level of Service ................................................................................................ 36 EMS Professionals .................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Licensed EMS Professionals ............................................................................................................................ 46 Medical Directors ............................................................................................................................................ 57 Age of EMS Professionals ............................................................................................................................... 61 Race of EMS Professionals ............................................................................................................................. 63 Gender of EMS Professionals ......................................................................................................................... 63 Criminal Background Checks .......................................................................................................................... 64 EMS Communications ............................................................................................................................................................. 67 Video Transmission ........................................................................................................................................ 67 Receive Electronic Patient Information ........................................................................................................... 69 Send PCR to Another Entity ............................................................................................................................ 71 EMS Response and Patient Care .......................................................................................................................................... 73 Agency Responses ......................................................................................................................................... 73 Patient Transports ........................................................................................................................................... 82 Patient Care Protocols ..................................................................................................................................... 88 Medication & Procedures Lists ........................................................................................................................ 90 Pediatric Safe Transport Devices .................................................................................................................... 93 EMS Information Systems ....................................................................................................................................................... 97 Submission Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 97 NEMSIS ......................................................................................................................................................... 108 Data Linkage/Sharing ................................................................................................................................... 120 May 27, 2020 Page ii 2020 NATIONAL EMS ASSESSMENT Public Health Surveillance ............................................................................................................................ 136 Benchmarking ............................................................................................................................................... 138 EMS Compass ............................................................................................................................................... 139 EMS Workforce Health and Safety ................................................................................................................................... 142 Health/Wellness Programs ........................................................................................................................... 142 Access to CISM Resources ............................................................................................................................ 144 Workforce Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 147 EMS Funding .......................................................................................................................................................................... 152 State Funding Sources ................................................................................................................................... 152 Federal Funding Sources .............................................................................................................................. 166 EMS Disaster Preparedness ................................................................................................................................................ 184 Federal Disaster and Public Health Preparedness Program Participation ..................................................... 184 Exercises/Drills and Real Events .................................................................................................................. 191 Mass Casualty Event Protocols ..................................................................................................................... 196 Triage Systems ............................................................................................................................................. 198 Electronic Patient Tracking Systems .............................................................................................................. 204 Appendix A – Assessment Instrument .............................................................................................................................. 208 May 27, 2020 Page iii 2020 NATIONAL EMS ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Assessment 2020 is the culmination of work begun in October 2018 and completed in March 2020. It updates our knowledge of the state of EMS systems in the United States first established in the 2011 National EMS Assessment. Publication of this resource is one deliverable of a Cooperative Agreement between the National Association of State EMS Officials (NASEMSO) and the Office of EMS, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (NHTSA). The 2011 National EMS Assessment was commissioned by the Federal Interagency Commiee on EMS (FICEMS) to describe EMS, EMS emergency preparedness, and 911 systems at the state and national levels using existing data sources. Through the current Cooperative Agreement, NASEMSO agreed to work with NHTSA to publish a 2020 National EMS Assessment using existing data sources. This was an effort to provide the most important or requested updates of the information provided by the 2011 project. Fifty-four of 56 states and territories responded to the 61 question (and multiple sub-question) “snapshot” survey which
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