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Guide of Recommendations for the Planning and Management of Industrial Estates Through Industrial Ecology- November 2006

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Guide of Recommendations for the Planning and Management of Industrial Estates Through Industrial Ecology- November 2006 GGUUIIDDEE OOFF RREECCOOMMMMEENNDDAATTIIOONNSS FFOORR TTHHEE PPLLAANNNNIINNGG AANNDD MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT OOFF IINNDDUUSSTTRRIIAALL EESSTTAATTEESS TTHHRROOUUGGHH IINNDDUUSSTTRRIIAALL EECCOOLLOOGGYY CREDITS GUIDE OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES THROUGH INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY- NOVEMBER 2006 DIRECTION OF THE REDACTION Xavier Martí I Ragué – Department of Environment and Housing – Government of Catalonia REDACTION Magali Outters – Sistemas Medioambientales, SL COLLABORATION TO THE REDACTION Dr. Cyril Adoue – Systèmes Durables, SARL Laura Buguña Hoffman, Aida Calderón Boix – SINERIA, SL Francisco González Rodríguez – Sistemas medioambientales, SL INTERNATIONAL WORKGROUP Paula Querci, Cecilia Grazzini, Luciano Giovanelli - ARPAT (Environmental Protection Agency – Tuscany Region) – Italy Daniele Antinarella, Luca Lazzaretti – Region of Abruzzo - Italy Eleni Manolopoulou, Calliope Dempeli – Region of Peloponnesus – Greece Takis Tsagronis – NOUS, SA – Peloponnesus - Greece 2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 10 1. Introduction to industrial ecology and circular economy .................................. 11 1.1. Definition............................................................................................................ 11 1.2. Guiding principles .............................................................................................. 13 1.2.2. Seal: minimise losses by dissipation........................................................... 13 1.2.3. Intensify: dematerialise the economy.......................................................... 13 1.2.4. Balance: decarbonise energy ..................................................................... 14 1.3. An essential objective for the territories: the looping of water, materials and energy flows.............................................................................................................. 14 1.3.1 Which interests? .......................................................................................... 14 1.3.2 How to loop the flows: the eco-industrial synergies..................................... 14 1.3.3 The industrial estate: adapted to industrial energy ...................................... 15 1.3. The circular economy in China derived from industrial ecology......................... 16 2. Organisation of the guide ...................................................................................... 17 PART 1: SITUATION AND PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN SOUTHERN EUROPE ............................................. 19 1. Evolution and current situation of industrial activities in Catalonia, Tuscany, Abruzzo and Peloponnesus....................................................................................... 20 1.1. Evolution of industrial activities in Catalonia...................................................... 20 1.2. Evolution of the industrial activities in Tuscany, ................................................. 25 1.3. Evolution of the industrial activities in Abruzzo.................................................. 30 1.4. Evolution of the industrial activities in the Peloponnesus .................................. 33 2. Global analysis of problems of durability linked to industrial ecology and common to the industrial estates of southern Europe ........................................... 36 2.1. PROBLEM 1: Greenhouse gas emissions (GGE)............................................. 36 2.1.1. Definition of the problem............................................................................. 36 2.1.2. Methodology ............................................................................................... 37 2.1.3. General description and statistical analysis................................................ 37 2.1.3.a) Total greenhouse gas emissions and the targets of the Kyoto Protocol .......................................................................................................................... 37 2.1.3.b) Contribution of the industrial sector to greenhouse gas emissions ..... 39 2.1.3.c) Distribution of greenhouse gas emissions within the industrial sector. 40 2.1.3.d) Energy intensity of industry.................................................................. 40 2.1.4. Analysis of the problem and specific effects produced............................... 42 2.1.4.a) Production sector................................................................................. 42 2.1.4.b) Transport sector................................................................................... 47 2.1.5. Overview of the problem............................................................................. 49 2.2. PROBLEM 2: Management of natural resources and industrial production residues .................................................................................................................... 50 2.2.1. Definition of the problem............................................................................. 50 2.2.2. Methodology ............................................................................................... 50 2.2.3. Use of natural resources - use of water...................................................... 51 3 2.2.4. General data on waste generation.............................................................. 53 2.2.4.a) Source of the waste generated by sector ............................................ 53 2.2.4.b) Evolution of the quantity of waste generated....................................... 54 2.2.4.c) Example of Catalonia: evolution of the types of waste generated and their mode of treatment..................................................................................... 55 2.2.5. Analysis of industrial practices concerning the management of waste....... 57 2.2.5.a) Analyse the source of waste................................................................ 57 2.2.5.b) Use of production processes generating too much waste ................... 57 2.2.5.c) Few efforts to close the loop................................................................ 58 2.2.6. Overview of the problem............................................................................. 58 2.3. PROBLEM 3: Land use ..................................................................................... 59 2.3.1. Definition of the problem............................................................................. 59 2.3.2. Methodology ............................................................................................... 59 2.3.3. General description of the problem............................................................. 59 2.3.3.a) Setting-up of the industrial estates: the problem of land...................... 59 2.3.3.b) Dominant criteria for the establishment of industrial estates ............... 60 2.3.4. Description of the estates of conflicts by type of conflict............................. 60 2.3.5. Overview of the problem............................................................................. 63 2.4. PROBLEM 4: Information and co-operation...................................................... 64 2.4.1. Definition of the problem............................................................................. 64 2.4.2. Methodology ............................................................................................... 64 2.4.3. Difficulties of access to information............................................................. 64 2.4.4. Analysis at the level of a territory including several industrial estates ........ 65 2.4.4.a) Territorial planning ............................................................................... 65 2.4.4.b) Mutualisation of services ..................................................................... 65 2.4.4.c) Waste exchange .................................................................................. 66 2.4.5. Analysis at the level of the industrial estate................................................ 66 2.4.5.a) Communication among companies ..................................................... 66 2.4.6. Analysis at the level of the companies........................................................ 68 2.4.7. Overview of the problem............................................................................. 69 PART 2: ECOSIND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................. 70 1. Recommendations for planning of new or partially developed industrial estates .........................................................................................................................71 1.1. Organisation of the recommendations for the planning of industrial estates ..... 72 1.2. RECOMMENDATION 1: Analyse the territory using Geographical Information Systems (SIG) and choice of the location of the industrial estate. ........................... 74 1.3. RECOMMENDATION 2: Analysis of the social context..................................... 79 1.4. RECOMMENDATION 3: Choice of activities of the industrial estate................. 82 1.5. RECOMMENDATION 4: Design of IE - Organisation of space ......................... 87 1.6. RECOMMENDATION 5: Design of IE - Design of the networks........................ 90 1.7. RECOMMENDATION 6: Design of IE - To envisage and organise mobility...... 93 1.8. RECOMMENDATION 7: Planning of the cooperative management of the industrial area ........................................................................................................... 95 1.9.
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