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Camas Monitoring in Nez Perce National Historical Park’S Weippe Prairie 2012 Annual Report

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Camas Monitoring in Nez Perce National Historical Park’S Weippe Prairie 2012 Annual Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Camas Monitoring in Nez Perce National Historical Park’s Weippe Prairie 2012 Annual Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/UCBN/NRTR—2013/809 ON THE COVER Illustration of Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene. Reproduced with permission from Andrea Foust Carlson. Camas Monitoring in Nez Perce National Historical Park’s Weippe Prairie 2012 Annual Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/UCBN/NRTR—2013/809 Thomas J. Rodhouse National Park Service 63095 Deschutes Market Road Bend, Oregon 97701 Devin S. Stucki National Park Service 63095 Deschutes Market Road Bend, Oregon 97701 October 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established peer-reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within guidelines of the protocols. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/ucbn/index.cfm) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Rodhouse, T. J., and D. S. Stucki. 2013. Camas monitoring in Nez Perce National Historical Park’s Weippe Prairie: 2012 annual report. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/UCBN/NRTR— 2013/809. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 429/122655 2013 ii Contents Page Figures................................................................................................................................................... iv Tables .................................................................................................................................................... iv Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................ vii Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Results .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................... 17 iii Figures Page Figure 1. The sampling frame for monitoring camas, divided into 5 management zones labeled A-E, with 2012 quadrat locations (black points) and predicted patterns of camas density based on a kriging interpolation from 2012 established camas plant counts. ........................... 6 Figure 2. 2012 precipitation and temperature departures from the long-term average. This figure indicates that 2012 late winter weather was cooler and wetter than average, particularly during March, and that April was warmer than average. ................................................... 7 Figure 3. “Conformance” or control charts that plot annual established camas plant densities and 90% confidence intervals relative to control limits that are ±25% of the average density, for each of the 5 management zones. ........................................................................ 10 Figure 4. Flowering camas plant density estimated in each of the 5 management zones at Weippe Prairie. Note that counts of flowering plants were not made in 2005. ................................... 13 Figure 5. Orange hawkweed frequencies of occurrence (proportion of quadrats in which the species was found) over the 7-year study period for each of the 5 Weippe Prairie management zones. Note that weed data were not collected in 2005. ................................................. 14 Figure 6. Sulphur cinquefoil frequencies of occurrence (proportion of quadrats in which the species was found) over the 7-year study period for each of the 5 Weippe Prairie management zones. Note that weed data were not collected in 2005. ................................................. 15 Tables Page Table 1. Estimated means and 90% confidence intervals for established camas plant density and flowering plant density. ...................................................................................................... 9 Table 2. Annual % trend for each zone estimated from a spatial regression model for 2005-2012. ........................................................................................................................................... 10 iv Abstract As part of the Upper Columbia Basin Network’s effort to conduct vital signs monitoring, we completed monitoring of camas (Camassia quamash) in 2012 in Nez Perce National Historical Park’s (NEPE) Weippe Prairie. This is the eighth year of camas monitoring in Weippe Prairie. Camas is a unique resource for NEPE because it is both culturally and ecologically significant. Camas was and remains one of the most widely utilized indigenous foods in the Pacific Northwest and it is strongly associated with the wet prairie ecosystems of the region that have been degraded or lost due to historic land use practices. A long-term monitoring program for detecting status and trends in camas populations at Weippe Prairie serves as a central information source for park adaptive management decision making and has provided essential feedback on ongoing and planned restoration efforts of the prairie. This annual report details findings from 2012, and puts these findings within the context of the entire 8-year monitoring program. Trend analysis for the Weippe Prairie camas population over the period 2005-2010 was provided by Rodhouse et al. (2011), reporting an overall estimate of 9% per year increase, on average, in the median number of established camas plants/ m2, excluding seedlings, but with a relatively wide 95% credible interval (CRI) of 0-19%, reflecting the variation in observed trend among the 5 management zones of the prairie. The NPS acquired the Weippe Prairie site in 2003, after many years in which the site was intensively grazed and mowed for livestock hay. Interpretation of this positive trend is that the effect of the NPS management, de facto “passive restoration”, has benefitted the wetland ecosystem of the site and facilitated a rebounding camas population. Based on the 2012 survey, this increasing trend in camas density appears to be abating somewhat. Density counts were lower in 2012 compared with recent years in all zones. Using spatial regression modeling that accounted for the effects of microtopography and residual spatial autocorrelation, the overall estimate of trend through 2012 was estimated to be increasing at 7% per year (95% CRI 1-13%), and ranged from a low of 6% in zones A and D to a high of 8% in zone C. Estimated mean density of flowering camas plants/m2 was also lower in all zones in 2012. Wet spring weather in 2011 and prolonged inundation of parts of the prairie through late spring (Rodhouse and Stucki 2013) may have contributed to this synchronous drop in density counts across the site. Conversely, the warmer temperatures and average precipitation in April 2012 might have suppressed germination and flowering. The patterns of weed frequency in quadrats for two species targeted by park management for control and eradication, orange hawkweed (Hieracium auranticum) and sulphur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta), continue to be highly variable among zones, and over time. There is evidence of sustained decline in sulphur cinquefoil only in zones A and B. Trends are not clear for the other zones nor for orange hawkweed
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