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The Effects of Religion/Spirituality in Mien Americans

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The Effects of Religion/Spirituality in Mien Americans THE EFFECTS OF RELIGION/SPIRITUALITY IN MIEN AMERICANS AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF MENTAL HEALTH A Project Presented to the faculty of the Division of Social Work California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK by Nai Saelee SPRING 2020 © 2020 Nai Saelee ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii THE EFFECTS OF RELIGION/ SPIRITUALITY IN MIEN AMERICANS AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF MENTAL HEALTH A Project by Nai Saelee Approved by: __________________, Committee Chair Maria Dinis, Ph.D. __________________ Date iii Student: Nai Saelee I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and this project is suitable for electronic submission to the library and credit is to be awarded for the project. ______________________, Graduate Program Director_______________________ Tyler M. Argüello, Ph.D. Date Division of Social Work iv Abstract of THE EFFECTS OF RELIGION/ SPIRITUALITY IN MIEN AMERICANS AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF MENTAL HEALTH by Nai Saelee This clinical study explored through research, how Mien American’s religion/spirituality effect their perception of mental health in Sacramento. This study utilized a quantitative survey design that allowed participants to respond to questionnaire items in a Likert scale format. A total of 58 (n=58) participants were selected via nonprobability snowball sampling and asked to respond to multiple survey questions regarding their demographics, mien background, religious/spiritual affiliations, mental health perception/utilization, and perception of religion/spirituality relating to mental health. Data analysis showed associations between Mien American’s identify their mien background and how Mien Americans identify their religion/spirituality beliefs. Data analysis also showed association with religion/spirituality of Mien Americans and their mental health perceptions. Although the results are not generalizable beyond the sample population, there was a significant association between religious and spirituality trends of the Mien participants and their perception on mental health service providers. Implications for social work is discussed. ________________, Committee Chair Maria Dinis, Ph.D. ________________ Date v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to a few individuals and organizations for supporting me throughout my Master study. First, and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Dinis for providing me with her patience, insightful comments, knowledge, expertise, and guidance throughout the process of completing this project. This project would not have been completed without her genuine support. I am truly thankful and appreciate all her support and assistance. I would also like to thank the committed faculty in the Social Work Department at Sacramento State for their wisdom and dedicated support. In addition, thank you to Turning Point Community Program colleagues, friends, and mentors in supporting me through this journey in finishing this program. Furthermore, I would like to thank my friends, fiancé, and families for their unconditional love in supporting me with the confidence and persistence to complete this project. Thank you to my brother A Saelee and friend Estela Cortez for answering the multiple questions I had and the long nights where you both provided me support in completing this project. Also, thank you to my sister Cheng Saelee and fiancé San Saechao, for both of your endless support, always cheering me up, and being by my side throughout this journey. Last of all, I would like to acknowledge my father, who passed away right before I entered this program. Although he is gone, he remains in my heart and provides me continuous strength and motivation to be the best version of myself. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................ x List of Figures ............................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................1 Background of the Problem .............................................................................. 2 Statement of the Research Problem ...................................................................4 Purpose of the Study ..........................................................................................5 Research Question ............................................................................................ 6 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................... 6 Definition of Terms......................................................................................... 13 Assumptions .................................................................................................... 15 Justification ..................................................................................................... 15 Delimitations ................................................................................................... 16 Summary ......................................................................................................... 16 2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ...................................................................... 18 Historical Background .................................................................................... 18 Understanding Mien people ............................................................................ 20 Mental health in the United States .................................................................. 22 Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Mien Health ........................ 27 vii Barriers for Mien People in America .............................................................. 30 Mien Religions and Spirituality ...................................................................... 32 Religion/Spirituality and its Impact on Mental Health ................................... 38 Gaps in the Literature...................................................................................... 47 Summary ......................................................................................................... 51 3. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 53 Research Question .......................................................................................... 53 Research Design.............................................................................................. 53 Variables ......................................................................................................... 55 Study Population ............................................................................................. 56 Sample Population .......................................................................................... 56 Instrumentation ............................................................................................... 57 Data Collection Procedures ............................................................................. 58 Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 60 Protection of Human Subjects ........................................................................ 60 Summary ......................................................................................................... 61 4. DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 62 Demographics of Study Participants Population ............................................ 62 Survey Participants’ Mien Background ...........................................................72 Religious/Spiritual Affiliations ........................................................................76 Results for Mental Health Perceptions in Relation to Religion/Spirituality .........................................................................................80 viii Findings of Mien Americans Perceptions on Religion/Spirituality and Mental Health.................................................................................................. 84 Summary ......................................................................................................... 98 5. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 99 Summary ......................................................................................................... 99 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 102 Implications for Social Work Policy and Practice ........................................ 104 Recommendations ......................................................................................... 107 Limitations .................................................................................................... 108 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 109 Appendix A. Letter of Informed Consent ............................................................... 110 Appendix B. Research Instrument .........................................................................
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