BIG CANOE RIDGE RUNNERS OCTOBER 2020

Wine Educator Wayne Crawford 10/12/2020 TODAYS PROGRAM  and Tasting Viognier white Tiger Mountain Norton/Noiret red blend Chateau Meichtry Chambourcin red Engelheim History of and wine in Georgia Georgia Geology, Soil and Climate  Vineyards and Wineries Georgia  Grape Varietals  Economic Impact  Trends  Questions

10/12/2020 REFRESHING GRAPES

Viognier vinifera is a French, white Vee-own-yay grape with origins in the northern Rhone Valley around 1781. In Georgia we have about 10 acres planted. Seven vineyards in Georgia grow this grape Frogtown, Kaya, Cottage Vineyard, Sharp Mountain, Ellijay River Vineyards, and Stack Farm. Crisp fresh, Tangerine, honeysuckle, apricot and peaches, and spice with low acidity, low to medium body and alcohol, few tannins and enticing sweetness. Drink young 1-4 years – Condrieu is an exceptional example from France. Drink as an aperitif. $19.98 Tiger Mountain

10/12/2020 HISTORY: EARLY AMERICA Spanish explores and missionaries brought grapes to Mexico in 1520 known as mission grapes.

The earliest wine made in the U.S.A was likely from the grapevine Vitis rotundifolia, or mission grapes Vitis vinifera. French settlers near Jacksonville, attempted to make with grapes between 1562 and 1564? 10/12/2020 HISTORY: PRE-1733 All grapevines in Georgia region were native vines? Explorers thought Georgia’s fertile lands would be good growing land for their native European Grapes. Giovanni da Verrazano 1524 observed Muscadine grapes growing in the coastal Carolinas “Many vines growing naturally, while growing up took hold in the trees” 10/12/2020 MODERN HISTORY: EARLY AMERICA

Six different excavations across central , Dr. Crystal Dozier, assistant professor of anthropology, found pottery with evidence of caffeinated beverages, as well as succinic and tartaric acid, which are associated with grape wine in 500/700-year- old pottery. (1492 is 528 years ago)

10/12/2020 HISTORY: 1730-1860  England in pursuit of wine, silk, and olive oil  A new colony south of the Carolinas could protect English holdings from the French and Spanish  Oglethorpe will set up this trustee colony in 1733 to include ten-acre trustee garden in what is now Savannah – European grapes were included

This effort failed by 1752 10/12/2020 HISTORY: 1752-1907  Georgia farmers identify two wild grapes: Bullace and Fox  Thomas McCall - 1820 recognized as an accomplished wine grower  1856 - Vine Grower’s Association of Georgia formed  1893 – 1907 Georgia Fruit Growing and Association formed which lead to Tallapoosa success  1896 Georgia produced 12, 726 acres of vineyards in Haralson County - 6th largest producer of grapes in USA

10/12/2020 HISTORY: 1907 - 2020

 Georgia counties elect to begin Prohibition in 1908. Remaining in effect until 1935 effectively closing down all commercial wineries.  In 1936, Monarch Winery of Georgia located in Atlanta begins operations, lasting into the mid 1980s.  The modern-day renaissance in Georgia grapes begins in 1979.

10/12/2020 A RED BLEND Norton Noiret

Vitis aestivalis American Classic Red Grape discovered by Dr. Daniel N. Norton in Richmond, , in 1820. Medium to full bodied wine with American hybrid produced blackberry, black cherries, spice and earth by Cornell University in 2006. Four aromas. High acid and light tannin grape. vineyards grow this grape to include In Missouri it is called Cynthiana. Forty Chateau Meichtry and Engelheim. acres grow in Georgia. Chateau Meichtry with soft tannins, fruit in Gilmer County. George’s Cuvee a red forward with raspberry and mint blend Norton & Noiret. Gold Medal 2017 aromas and spice. Blended in Georgia Trustees Wine Challenge. Chateau Meichtry George’s Cuvee $29 MODERN DAY WINE PIONEERS  Gay Dellinger, Tom Slick & brother Chuck, Don Panoz and Maurice Rawlings  Changing Georgia Farm Winery Laws begins in 1982 and for several years there after  Reducing license costs from $1000 to $50  Opening dry counties to farm winery sales at vineyard or winery site  10% Georgia grapes needed to be used in a Farm Winery  Advent of American Viticultural Area AVA Upper Hiwassee Highlands AVA July 18, 2014 Dahlonega Plateau AVA June 20, 2018 AVA Advantage - 85% of the same grape to have varietal grape name on the label

10/12/2020 GEORGIA LAND & WATER FACTS

8 million acres of prime farmland with 60% made up of pine forests  Largest land area of any state east of the River  70,150 miles of streams and rivers  425,000 acres of lakes  4,500,000 acres of freshwater wetlands  Leading Muscadine grower in the world  We have 950+ acres planted in Georgia of which 620+ are muscadine or 65% most grown in South Georgia below the fall line.

10/12/2020 Growing Zones 6b 7-8-9 Brasstown Bald 1800-3000 Ft Big Canoe 4,784 1200-1800 Ft

300 Miles long ATLANTA 230 Miles Wide 600-1200 Ft 150-300 Ft 100 Miles of AUGUSTA Coastline

COLUMBUS Average 300-600 Ft temperature high SAVANNAH 92.2 F low 32.6 F 0-150 Ft Latitude 30 31’ N to 35 Longitude 81 W to 85 53’ W PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS & MAJOR SOIL PROVINCES

10/12/2020 Coastal Plain Blue Ridge and and the Ridge and Valley Piedmont regions the regions have climate is a humid, humid subtropical continental climate

10/12/2020 PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS Blue Ridge Mountains Ridge and Valley  Georgia’s highest mountain is  in the Blue Ridge region at The Ridge and Valley Brasstown Bald, which reaches region, located in 4,784 ft. in elevation. Georgia’s northwest  Basement rock of the region is corner. composed of hard igneous and  It has predominately soft metamorphic rock that is resistant to weathering sedimentary rock with limestone and shale in the  The highest rainfall in Georgia occurs in this region along with valley and the ridges made cooler air currents. with sandstone.  The growing period in this low  The growing season is agricultural-producing area is 210 to 220 days. 180 to 210 days. Three wineries and several  There are sixteen wineries in this region along with several grower vineyards are in grower vineyards. this region. 10/12/2020 PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS Piedmont Lower & Upper Coastal Plain  The largest population center in In the South, the lower and the state. Elevations range from upper Coastal Plain combine 500 ft. to 1,700 ft. as it approaches to make this the largest the Blue Ridge Mountains. geographical region within Georgia, covering almost 60  The most common soil feature of percent of the state. this region is “Georgia red clay,” created by water mixing with iron The soil is soft and sandy on breaking down from exposed rocks. limestone with some clay in The underlying stone in this region the upper Coastal Plain with is granite, gneiss, and marble. gentle slopes and better Rolling hills provide good drainage, drainage than in the lower and you still encounter loamy, plain. sandy, and clay soils. There are ten wineries in this  This is a productive agricultural region with a few grower growing area containing thirty-one vineyards (grower vineyards wineries with multiple grower sell their grapes to a winery). vineyards.

10/12/2020 GILMER AND PICKENS COUNTY VINEYARDS & WINERIES

CARTECAY VINEYARDS: 2007 Larry and Shay Lykins 14 acres , Norton, Catawba, Cabernet, Sauvignon, Traminette, Vidal Blanc and Petit Manseng CHATEAU MEICHTRY WINERY & VINEYARDS: 2010 Robert and Karin Meneill 3 acres Norton, Seyval Blanc, Noiret and Albarino ELLIJAY RIVER VINEYARDS: 2010 Marijn Brummer 4.5 acres Seyval Blanc, Albarino, Viognier, Merlot, Gruner Veltliner, , , ENGELHEIM VINEYARDS: 2007 Gary and Jan Engel 14 acres Traminette, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Gris, Chambourcin, Petit Manseng, Vidal Blanc, Noiret and Chardonnel FAINTING GOAT WINERY: 2010 Dave and Robin Higgenbotham and daughter McKenzie 2 acres Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot OTT FARMS AND VINEYARDS: 2015 Michael Ott and Lee Belk 4 acres Seyval Blanc, Chambourcin, Blanc du Bois, Lenoir SHARP MOUNTAIN: 1995 Ron and Jody Rathgeb 5.15 acres Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, , , Viognier, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, , Primitivo, Merlot

10/12/2020 GROWER VINEYARDS BUCKLEY FARMS & VINEYARDS Kevin and Gay Buckley 708 Henry Evans Rd. Ellijay, Georgia, 3 acres Villard Blanc, Norton, LeNoir, Blanc De Bois, and Albarino LITTLE RED DOG VINEYARDS Shawn, Stephanie and Ty Cselle 1744 Whitepath Rd. Ellijay, Georgia 2 acres Carlos, Noble, Ison and Dixie Red

10/12/2020 GEORGIA VINEYARD & WINERIES 59 vineyard & wineries and 9+ grower vineyards October 2020 Divided into 5 Physiographic Regions with one approved American Viticultural Area, Upper Hiwassee AVA shared with and one pending final approval the Dahlonega Plateau  Blue Ridge Mountains 16  Ridge and Valley 3  Piedmont 31  Upper Coastal Plain 6  Lower Coastal Plain 4

Governor Kemp on August 5, 2020 makes the muscadine the official grape of Georgia effective January 1, 2021.

10/12/2020 GEORGIA VINEYARD AND WINERY FACTS Oldest Vineyards & Orchards Largest Producers 2020  Mercier Orchards 1943  Still Pond Vineyard & Distillery – 180 acres 700 tons  Paulk Vineyards 1973  Paulk Vineyard – 200 acres  Rabbiteye 1979 dedicated to wine juice  Habersham Vineyards & Winery production of 600 acres 600 1980 tons   Frogtown Cellars – 60.5 acres Georgia Winery 1982 150-160 tons  Fox Vineyard & Winery 1983  Rabbiteye 125 acres 150 tons  Chateau Elan 1984  Kaya 22.7 acres 92 tons  Cedar Green 1995  Habersham Vineyards and  Three Sisters Vineyards & Winery 39.6 acres 70 tons Winery 1995  Three Sisters Vineyard and  Sharp Mountain 1995 Winery 18.8 acres 50-60 tons  Tiger Mountain 1995  Horse Creek 40 acres 53 tons  Crane Creek Vineyards 1995

10/12/2020 74?GRAPE VARIETALS PLANTED TOP FIFTEEN WITH ACRES 950+ ACRES UNDER VINE

10/12/2020 KEY GRAPES Carlos Noble

Norton/Cynthiana Cabernet Sauvignon

10/12/2020 IMPORTANT IN GEORGIA A French hybrid available in Chambourcin 1963. Perhaps one of the best developed hybrid grapes. 21 acres in ten vineyards grow this grape in Georgia. Hummingbird is 100% Estate grown Chambourcin from Engelheim Vineyards, with a touch of Merlot, and features vanilla and coffee aromas with red and black berry flavors. Slightly sweet and fruit-forward wine, aged in Hungarian , exhibits a lingering fruity and spicy

finish. $23.98 10/12/2020 GEORGIA GRAPES GROWING WELL NOW  Muscadine Grapes or Vitis rotundifolia: Carlos (red) Noble, Magnolia, Higgins (bronze) and Supreme (purple) dry, semi- sweet or sweet  Vitis Vinifera: Cabernet Franc (red), Petit Manseng (white), Merlot (red), and Petit Verdot (red)  Vitis Aestivalis: Norton/Cynthiana (red) American Hybrid: Blanc du Bois (white), Chardonel (white), Lenior/Black Spanish  French Hybrid: Chambourcin (red)

10/12/2020 GEORGIA TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT 2020?

 $4.1 Billion  59+ 12 Wine Producers and grower vineyards  950 acres  $1.4 Billion in Annual Wages?  214,321+ Tourist Visits  $88 million Tourist Expenditures  $536.1 million Total Taxes  $314 million Federal Taxes  221.1 million State and Local Taxes

10/12/2020 US WINE DRINKING TRENDS

 120 million Americans drink wine – approx. 36% of 330 million (Nielsen, 2017).  Per capita global ranking = #42  Gender Percentage = 57% female and 43% male (Nielsen Spectra, 2016)  High Frequency Wine Drinkers = 38% drink weekly (Nielsen, 2017)  Largest Wine Consuming Generations = Millennials and Baby Boomers (Wine Market Council, 2016)  Americans continue to prefer wine and spirits over beer, even with popularity of craft beer (Nielson, 2017).

10/12/2020 THANK YOU ALL FOR ATTENDING

WE HAVE TIME FOR QUESTIONS, CLARIFICATIONS AND COMMENTS SO I WILL OPEN THE FORUM

WAYNE ON WINE http://wayneonwine.com

Georgia Vineyards and Wineries A Historical Guide to Modern Georgia Wines 2016 Publication release January 2018 10/12/2020 WINE GRAPES IN GILMER & PICKENS Vitis vinifera: : Catawba 1802 found in Albarino 1843 Spanish-Portuguese border white grape .75 acres GA North Carolina red grape 5.6 acres GA Cabernet Franc 1054 France red Vitis aestivalis: Norton/Cynthiana red grape an a parent to Cabernet Sauvignon 24.7 acres GA grape in 1820 Richmond, Virginia by Dr. Norton. 36.9 acres GA Cabernet Sauvignon: 1763 Bordeaux France red grape 35 acres GA American hybrid: Chardonnay 1583 Lyon, France white grape 29 acres GA Blanc du Bois 1968 University Florida Gewurztraminer: 1827 Germany also called white grape 27 acres GA Savagnin rose white grape .75 acres Chardonnel 1990 New York State white Gruner Veltliner seventeenth century Austria white grape 3.5 acres GA grape 8.5 acres Merlot 1783 Libourne, French Bordeaux red Lenoir/Jacquez in France red grape 17.8 grape 32 acres GA acres GA 1830? Petit Manseng 1562 Jurancon, France white grape12 acres GA Noiret 2006 Cornell University red grape Pinot Gris 1283 Burgundy, France white grape 4.5 acres GA but with mutation from 4.8 acres GA Traminette 1965 University of Illinois Pinot Noir 1283 Burgundy Morillon white grape .75 acres in Georgia (complex family tree) white grape 11.3 acres GA Sangiovese: 1600 Italy red grape Ga 6.5 acres Trebbiano: 1303 Italy white grape .5 acres French hybrid: Seyval Blanc developed in the midtwentieth century white grape 9.9 Viognier 1781 Rhone Valley, France white grape 10.5 acres acres GA Vitis rotundifolia: Carlos, Noble, Ison and Dixie Vidal Blanc developed in the 1930s white Red grape 18.4 acres GA FOURTH ANNUAL GEORGIA TRUSTEES WINE CHALLENGE RESULTS Gold Medals Gold Medals Accent Cellars 2017 Rose Gold Best Rose Wine Georgia Wine Producers Ott Farm & Vineyards NV Sweet Sensation Bear Claw Vineyards 2016 Chardonnay 2016 Still Pond Winery & Distillery 2017 Vidal Blanc Notchaway White Carlos, Farmhouse Peach Big Door Vineyards 2017 Lenoir Thomas and Farmhouse Peachshine Ison Award for McCall Award Best Hybrid Grape Wine & General James Edward Oglethorpe award best Muscadine Wine best wine in the competition Stonewall Creek 2016 Norton City Winery 2017 Darling Sweet Acre Farms Winery 2017 Bramlin Crane Creek Vineyards NV Chambourcin Sam (Blackberry & Apple) Engelheim Vineyards 2017 Engelweiss 2016 Hummingbird Chambourcin, Trillium Red Tiger Mountain Vineyards 2016 and Blend Winery of Distinction for best overall winery performance Norton Insurance 2011 Norton Gin Creek Vineyards and Winery NV Blue Bay Trillium Vineyards 2017 Gatekeeper Blanc Muscadine Blueberry and Strawberry Devin du Bois Pronking White Little Vine Vineyards NV Midnight and Savannah Seaport The Viking Alchemist Meadery 2018 Antinomy Melomel 2018 Bless Pear Melomel Mercier Orchards 2017 Old#3 Gold Rush Apple Best Cider Wolf Creek Plantation Winery 2017 Number Odom Springs Vineyards 2017 Seyval Blanc 9 Red (noble) Best Non-Vinifera White KEY FACTS IN GEORGIA WINE HISTORY

 Largest Muscadine grape producer in the world with 24 varietals used to support wine production.  Muscadine grapes are indigenous and were observed as early as the 16th century  The first colony was lead by James Oglethorpe founded in 1733 to include establishing the first viticultural garden in America which included growing Old World grapes – failed in 1752 “Trustee Garden” Savannah  The 6th largest grape producer in America by 1895 -started prohibition in 1908 essentially closing down the wine industry until 1935  Monarch Winery of Georgia in Atlanta was the first winery to restart 1936  Gay Dillinger's Split Rail Vineyards started in 1979 is a new beginning for farm Vineyards  The oldest continuous Farm wineries are Habersham Vineyards and Winery in White County 1980, Georgia Winery in Catoosa County in 1982 and Chateau Elan in Barrow County in 1984.  In 1999 12 Farm Wineries, In 2010 another 20 Farm Wineries were added  By 2016 59 Wineries and 9 vineyards in 32 of 159 Counties  33 Vitis vinifera grapes, 6 French Hybrids, 9 American Hybrids, 1 Vitis Labrusca and 1 Vitis aestivalis grow in the state, and 24 Muscadines  Wine Tonnage in 2016 was approximately 2,190 tons

10/12/2020