FAMILY Acanthuridae Bonaparte, 1832 – surgeonfishes

GENUS Acanthurus Forsskal, 1775 [=Acanthurus (subgenus of Chaetodon) Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:59, Acanthus Bloch [M. E.] 1795:105, Acronurus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:190, Acronurus Günther [A.] (ex Gronow) 1861:345, Aspisurus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:556, Ctenodon (subgenus of Acanthurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:178, 255, 256, Europus Klein [J. T.] 1775:922, Harpurina (subgenus of Hepatus) Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1929:210, 253, Harpurus Forster [J. R.] 1788:84, Hepatus Gronow [L. T.] 1763:113, Psetta Klein [J. T.] 1775:922, Rhomboteuthis (subgenus of Teuthis) Fowler [H. W.] 1944:109, Rhombotides Klein [J. T.] 1775:922, Rhombotides Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein) 1792:582, Rhombotides Bleeker [P.] (ex Klein) 1863:235, Theutis Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:lv, 156, Theutys Goüan [A.] 1770:105] Notes: [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Masc. Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus 1766. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Desmarest 1856:246 [ref. 17401] -- see Whitley 1939:224 [ref. 25866] but Whitley has wrong date for Desmarest. Acanthura is a misspelling. See Kottelat (2013) for problems with the type species. •Valid as Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall 1956:166 [ref. 12221], Desoutter 1973:455 [ref. 7203], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:235 [ref. 7348], Leis & Richards 1984:548 [ref. 13669], Kishimoto Pin Masuda et al. 1984:230 [ref. 6441], Desoutter in Whitehead et al. 1986:962 [ref. 13676], Randall 1986:812 [ref. 5706], Allen & Ayling 1987 [ref. 13388], Tyler et al. 1989:37 [ref. 13460], Blot & Tyler 1990:18 [ref. 19415], Winterbottom 1993:36 [ref. 20307], Guiasu & Winterbottom 1993:300 [ref. 21023], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:458 [ref. 24550], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:19 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3655 [ref. 26301], Randall 2003:1802 [ref. 27098], Allen et al. 2006:1733 [ref. 29094], Craig 2008:65 [ref. 29767], Randall et al. 2011:265 [ref. 31249], Bernal & Rocha 2011:63 [ref. 31336], Kottelat 2013:441 [ref. 32989], Parin et al. 2014:507 [ref. 33547], Fricke et al. 2015:10 [ref. 33930], Struthers 2015:1592 [ref. 34302], Carpenter et al. 2017:33 [ref. 35143], Motomura et al. 2017:205 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:351 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Acanthus) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] Masc. Apparently just a typesetting error for Acanthurus as used by Bloch on p. 106 and not an original description. Would predate Zebrasoma Swainson 1839 if Acanthus is regarded as a new name. •In the synonymy of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Acronurus Gr) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Masc. Acronurus fuscus Gronow in Gray 1854 (= Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus 1766). Type by subsequent designation. Earliest type designation not researched; three included species; possibly by Eschmeyer 1990:14. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall 1955:364 [ref. 13648]; Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Acronurus Gu) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Masc. Acanthurus argenteus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1919:307 [ref. 4904]. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Aspisurus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Masc. Chaetodon sohal Forsskål 1775. Type by monotypy. Species spelling originally given by Lacepède as sohar. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall 1955:363 [ref. 13648], Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Ctenodon) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Masc. Ctenodon ruppelii Swainson 1839. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Swain 1882:276 [ref. 5966]. Apparently preoccupied by Ctenodon Wagler 1830, not replaced. Not Ctenodon Bonaparte 1831 or Klunzinger 1884. Kottelat (2013) emended species name to ruppellii by mistake; not an inadvertent error. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Europus) [Neuer Schauplatz v. 1; ref. 2618] Masc. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. •In the synonymy of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Kottelat 2013:441 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Harpurina) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 8; ref. 1476] Fem. Hepatus nubilus Fowler & Bean 1929. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall 1955:364 [ref. 13648], Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Harpurus) [Enchiridion historiae naturali inserviens; ref. 1354] Masc. Teuthis hepaticus Linnaeus 1766. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Not available, described in synonymy of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Without species originally, first addition of species and type designation not necessary. Type designated by Fowler 1904:544 [ref. 1367] as Chaetodon sohol Forsskål; Jordan lists Hapurus fasciatus Forster 1778 as type. However, Forster mentioned Acanthrus of Forsskål on p. 84 establishing Harpurus as a replacement name with the same type as Acanthurus. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall 1955:363 [ref. 13648], Kottelat 2013:441 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Hepatus) [Zoophylacii Gronoviani; ref. 1910] Masc. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 261). Perhaps made available by Jordan & Seale 1906. •In the synonymy of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall 1955:363 [ref. 13648], Kottelat 2013:441 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Psetta) [Neuer Schauplatz v. 1; ref. 2618] Fem. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. •In the synonymy of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Kottelat 2013:441 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Rhomboteuthis) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Fem. Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Kottelat 2013:441 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Rhombotides K) [Neuer Schauplatz v. 1; ref. 2618] Masc. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. •In the synonymy of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Rhombotides W) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Masc. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Klein 1744:35 [ref. 30141]. •In the synonymy of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Rhombotides B) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 1; ref. 398] Masc. Chaetodon triostegus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared in list with four species; earliest subsequent type designation by Jordan 1919:322. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Theutis) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Masc. Theutis hepatus Linnaeus 1766. Type by subsequent designation. Earliest type designation not researched; 2 included species. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Desoutter 1973:455 [ref. 7203]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae. (Theutys) [Historia piscium; ref. 1863] Masc. Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus 1766. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared without species, type as given by Fowler & Bean 1929:207 [ref. 1476]. Perhaps (on p. 105) just a misspelling for Teuthis Linnaeus as used by Goüan on p. 163 where the description of Theutys would have appeared. •Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775 -- (Desoutter 1973:455 [ref. 7203]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus Forsskål 1775. Acanthuridae

Species Acanthurus achilles Shaw, 1803 [=Acanthurus achilles Shaw [G.] 1803:383, Acanthurus aterrimus Günther [A.] 1872:660, Acronurus formosus Castelnau [F. L.] 1873:104, Acanthurus orbicularis Valenciennes [A.] (ex Quoy & Gaimard) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:237] Notes: [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] No locality. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus achilles Shaw 1803. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Pacific: Caroline Islands east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Pitcairn Group, straying to Baja California (Mexico), south to Torres Strait (Queensland, Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine. (aterrimus) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Savai'i Island, Samoa. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus achilles Shaw 1803. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (formosus) [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Noble Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus achilles Shaw 1803. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (orbicularis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus achilles Shaw 1803. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus albimento Carpenter et al., 2017 [=Acanthurus albimento Carpenter [K. E.], Williams [J. T.] & Santos [M. D.] 2017:37, Figs. 3-4, 6A] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 25; ref. 35143] Northeast Luzon, Aurora Province, Philippines, purchased at Dinadiawan City Market, exact locality unknown (vendor stated it was caught in vicinity of Dinadiawan). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus albimento Carpenter, Williams & Santos 2017. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus albipectoralis Allen & Ayling, 1987 [=Acanthurus albipectoralis Allen [G. R.] & Ayling [A. M.] 1987:15, Fig. 1] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 13388] Swain Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, 20°57'S, 152°15'E, depth 5 meters. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus albipectoralis Allen & Ayling 1987. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus auranticavus Randall, 1956 [=Acanthurus auranticavus Randall [J. E.] 1956:210, Figs. 2U, 19] Notes: [Pacific Science v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 12221] Atulayan Island, Lagonoy Gulf, eastern coast of Luzon Island, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus auranticavus Randall 1956. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Maldives, Indonesia, Philippines and Great Barrier Reef. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855 [=Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:24, Pl. 11 (fig. 1), Acronurus nigriculus Poey [F.] 1875:143 [69], Pl. 7 [3] (figs. 18-19)] Notes: [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau 1855. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Brazil and offshore islands, central Atlantic at Ascension and St. Helena islands (Acanthurus tractus Poey 1860 now excluded). Habitat: marine. (nigriculus) [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 4 (for 13 Jan. 1875); ref. 3509] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau 1855. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. Species Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1831 [=Acanthurus bariene Lesson [R. P.] 1831:150, Acanthurus kingii Bennett [E. T.] 1835:119, Acanthurus nummifer Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:234] Notes: [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Offack Bay, Waigeo [Waigiou], Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus bariene Lesson 1831. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Maldives, east to Palau and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine. (kingii) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835 (pt 3); ref. 16797] Port Praya, Cape Verde Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus bariene Lesson 1831. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (nummifer) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Waigeo, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus bariene Lesson 1831. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 [=Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:209, Acanthurus annularis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:209] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Aldabra, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (annularis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787) [=Chaetodon chirurgus Bloch [M. E.] 1787:99, Pl. 208, Acanthurus phlebotomus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:176, Pl. 287] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] Martinique Island, West Indies. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch 1787). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (phlebotomus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Martinique Island, West Indies; Brazil; Havana, Cuba; Guadeloupe; Santo Domingo; New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch 1787). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus chronixis Randall, 1960 [=Acanthurus chronixis Randall [J. E.] 1960:267, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Pacific Science v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 11941] Teawataman Ship Pass, southern side of Kapingamarangi Atoll, 1°02'09"N, 154°45'04"E, 1 mile from shore, Caroline Islands, westrern Pacific, depth to 20 feet. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus chronixis Randall 1960. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 [=Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:214, Acanthurus brevis Poey [F.] 1860:207, Acanthurus broussonnetii Desmarest [A. G.] 1823:186 [26], Pl. 3 (fig. 1) of separate, Acronurus caeruleatus Poey [F.] 1875:143 [69], Pl. 7 [3] (figs. 15-17), Teuthis helioides Barbour [T.] 1905:127, Pl. 3, Hepatus pawnee Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1927:73, Fig. 32, Acanthurus violaceus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:25, Pl. 12 (fig. 1)] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Carolinas, U.S.A.; Havana, Cuba; Jamaica. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic and Ascension Island (if valid). Habitat: marine. (brevis) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (broussonnetii) [Mémoires de la Société linnéenne de Paris v. 2; ref. 1120] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (caeruleatus) [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 4 (for 13 Jan. 1875); ref. 3509] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (helioides) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 46 (no. 7); ref. 15336] Near Cooper's Island, Castle Sound, Bermuda. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (pawnee) [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] Glovers Reef, Belize. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (violaceus) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 [=Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:201, Acanthurus undulatus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:205] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Line Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Rowley Shoals (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Habitat: marine. (undulatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Indian seas. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus fowleri de Beaufort, in Weber & de Beaufort, 1951 [=Acanthurus fowleri de Beaufort [L. F.] (ex Fowler & Bean) in Weber & de Beaufort 1951:149] Notes: [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 9; ref. 16097] Buka Island; Maitara; Gomomo Island, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus fowleri de Beaufort 1951. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean: east Indian region, Indonesia north to Philippines, east to Solomon Islands, south to New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus gahhm (Forsskal, 1775) [=Chaetodon nigrofuscus var. gahhm Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:64, xiii] Notes: [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] No locality stated (Red Sea). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus gahhm (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Gulf of Aden (northwestern Indian Ocean) and Red Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus grammoptilus Richardson, 1843 [=Acanthurus grammoptilus Richardson [J.] 1843:176] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 11 (nos 67-8, 71-2); ref. 13395] Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus grammoptilus Richardson 1843. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus guttatus Forster, in Bloch & Schneider, 1801 [=Acanthurus guttatus Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:215] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Otahaitee [Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus guttatus Forster 1801. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mascarenes, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia, Australia and Rapa. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus japonicus (Schmidt, 1931) [=Hepatus aliala japonicus Schmidt [P. J.] 1931:102, Pl. 6 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Transactions of the Pacific Committee of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. v. 1; ref. 3937] Kominato, Amami-Oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus japonicus (Schmidt 1931). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia to Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus leucocheilus Herre, 1927 [=Acanthurus leucocheilus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1927:419, Pl. 12 (fig. 3), Acanthurus melanosternon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:693, Pl. 18 (fig. B)] Notes: [Philippine Journal of Science v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 10961] Bantayan, Cebu, and Agutaya, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus leucocheilus Herre 1927. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: east Africa to Line Islands, Palau and Micronesia, Christmas Island. Habitat: marine. (melanosternon) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 8 (no. 93) (art. 82); ref. 12476] Aldabra Islands, Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus leucocheilus Herre 1927. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus leucopareius (Jenkins, 1903) [=Teuthis leucopareius Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:476, Fig. 28, Teuthis bishopi Bryan [W. A.] & Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1903:134, Teuthis umbra Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:477] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus leucopareius (Jenkins 1903). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Hong Kong and Taiwan east to Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island, north to southern Japan, south to Grande Terre, Loyalty Islands, Matthew and Hunter Islands (New Caledonia) and Rapa. Habitat: marine. (bishopi) [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 15652] Marcus Island, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus leucopareius (Jenkins 1903). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (umbra) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus leucopareius (Jenkins 1903). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett, 1833 [=Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett [E. T.] 1833:183, Acanthurus delisiani Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:193, Acanthurus delisianus Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.] 1834:opp. 214, Pl. 35 (fig. 2), Acanthurus delissianus Guérin-Méneville [F. E.] 1829-38:22, Pl. 35 (fig. 2), Acanthurus leucosternum Day [F.] 1889:138] Notes: [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1832 (pt 2); ref. 16789] Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett 1833. Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Cocos-Keeling Islands, Christmas Island and western Indonesia. Habitat: marine. (delisiani) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett 1833. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (delisianus) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] [No locality stated] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett 1833. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (delissianus) [Iconographie du Règne animal de G. Cuvier IV, Poissons; ref. 18162] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett 1833. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (leucosternum) [The fauna of British India v. 2; ref. 4888] Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett 1833. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) [=Chaetodon lineatus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:274, Acanthurus (Ctenodon) lineatus Swainson [W.] 1839:256, Acanthurus vittatus Bennett [J. W.] 1828:unnum. p., Pl. 2] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indies. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (lineatus S) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (vittatus) [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl, 1923) [=Hepatus maculiceps Ahl [E.] 1923:36, Fig. 4] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19931] Talassia, New Pomerania [Kikiwiei/Comet Harbour, New Britain, Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Sea, western Pacific, ca. 5°32'S, 149°43'E]. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl 1923). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Marshall Islands and Line Islands, south to Queensland (Australia), Solomon Islands and Samoa, waifs reaching Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus mata (Cuvier, 1829) [=Chaetodon mata Cuvier [G.] 1829:224, Acanthurus aurolineatus Day [F.] 1876:204, Pl. 48 (fig. 3), Acanthurus bleekeri Günther [A.] 1861:335, Harpurus gnophodes Fowler [H. W.] 1904:544, Pl. 22 (upper fig.), Acanthurus guentheri Weber [M.] 1913:317, Hepatus weberi Ahl [E.] 1923:37] Notes: [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality stated (Coromandel coast, India, eastern Indian Ocean). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. Habitat: marine. (aurolineatus) [The fishes of India Part 2; ref. 1081] Waltair, India. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (bleekeri) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] East Indies. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (gnophodes) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (guentheri) [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, Siboga station 231; Sri Lanka. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (weberi) [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19931] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, Siboga Sta. 231; and Sri Lanka. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus mata (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus mindorensis Herre, 1927 [=Acanthurus mindorensis Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1927:433, Pl. 4 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Philippine Journal of Science v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 10961] Calapan, [northeastern] Mindoro Island [Oriental Mindoro], Philippines [Verde Island Passage, Sibuyan Sea and South China Sea, western Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus mindorensis Herre 1927. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Philippines [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner, 1876 [=Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner [F.] 1876:208 [160]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Monrovia, Liberia. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner 1876. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic (Brazil, possibly a waif) and off Pakistan [a waif or misidentification]. Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean Sea and Morocco to Angola and offshore islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758) [=Chaetodon nigricans Linnaeus [C.] 1758:274, Acanthurus aliala Lesson [R. P.] 1831:150, Acanthurus glaucopareius Cuvier [G.] 1829:224, Chaetodon marisrubri Hasselquist [F.] 1762:379] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Red Sea; unknown locality (probably Indonesia). Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, Pacific: Andaman Sea and Cocos-Keeling Islands east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands. Eastern Pacific from Revillagigedo Islands south to Galapagos. Habitat: marine. (aliala) [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Kosrae, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (glaucopareius) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Tahiti, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (marisrubri) [Reise nach Palästina; ref. 18250] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae.

Species Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr, 1929 [=Acanthurus gahm var. nigricauda Duncker [G.] & Mohr [E.] 1929:75] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. v. 44; ref. 15892] Massau Island, St. Matthias Islands, northeast of New Ireland Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr 1929. Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. Species Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskal, 1775) [=Chaetodon nigrofuscus Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:64, xiii, Acronurus lineolatus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:511, Hepatus lucillae Fowler [H. W.] 1938:231, Pl. 10 (fig. 23), Acanthurus matoides Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:204, Acanthurus niger Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Rüppell 1829:58, Acanthurus rubropunctatus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:59, Pl. 15 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and Rapa. Habitat: marine. (lineolatus) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (lucillae) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 2; ref. 1428] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (matoides) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Kosrae, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (niger) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. (rubropunctatus) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Northern Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 [=Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:208, Teuthis atrimentatus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:198] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Hawaiian Island. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll endemic [on ref. 31249]. Habitat: marine. (atrimentatus) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus nigros Gunther, 1861 [=Acanthurus nigros Günther [A.] 1861:332, Hepatus atramentatus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1905:393, Acanthurus bipunctatus Günther [A.] 1861:331] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Aneiteum Island, Vanuatu. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nigros Günther 1861. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific. Habitat: marine. (atramentatus) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 1) (1903); ref. 2451] Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigros Günther 1861. Acanthuridae. (bipunctatus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] China Sea [in error, Malay Archipelago] and Fiji Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus nigros Günther 1861. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus nubilus (Fowler & Bean, 1929) [=Hepatus nubilus Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1929:253, Fig. 15] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 8; ref. 1476] Dodepo Island, Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Albatross. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus nubilus (Fowler & Bean 1929). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Melanesia, to Tuamotu and Pitcairn Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 [=Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Forster) 1801:214, Acanthurus chrysosoma Bleeker [P.] 1857:67, Acanthurus eparai Lesson [R. P.] 1831:147, Poissons Pl. 27 (fig. 1), Acanthurus (Ctenodon) erythromelas Swainson [W.] 1839:256, Acanthurus humeralis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:231, Harpurus paroticus Forster [J. R.] in Lichtenstein 1844:183, Rhombotides xanthosoma Bleeker [P.] 1865:288] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Otahaitee [Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Christmas and Cocos Keeling Islands east to Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga. Habitat: marine. (chrysosoma) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 16866] Kajeli, Buru Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (eparai) [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Tahiti, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (erythromelas) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Lesson, Atl. 27.1 -- which is Lesson 1831:Pl. 27 [ref. 2776]. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (humeralis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Carolines [actual = Tahiti]. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (paroticus) [Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis; ref. 17531] Otahaitee [= Tahiti, Society Islands]. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae. (xanthosoma) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 415] Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Acanthuridae.

Species Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) [=Rhombotides polyzona Bleeker [P.] 1868:277, Acanthurus fasciatus Bliss [R.] 1883:53] Notes: [Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles v. 3; ref. 17052] Mayotte Island, Comoro Islands; Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker 1868). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Mayotte (Comoros), Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues (Mascarenes). Habitat: marine. (fasciatus) [Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius (N. S.) v. 13; ref. 16966] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker 1868). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834 [=Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz [F. H.] 1834:193, Pl. 12 (fig. 2), Acanthurus armiger Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:234, Acanthurus celebicus Bleeker [P.] 1853:761, Acanthurus doreensis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:220, Acanthurus fuscus Steindachner [F.] 1861:176, Pl. 5 (fig. 2), Acanthurus lishenus Shen [S.-C.] & Lim [P.-C.] 1973:121, Fig. 28, Acanthurus melanopterus Shen [S.-C.] & Lim [P.-C.] 1973:122, Fig. 29] Notes: [Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte, von Mitgliedern der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main v. 1; ref. 10022] Uléa, Caroline Islands, western Pacific, ca. 7°22'N, 143°54'E. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz 1834. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean: Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands and Indonesia, east to Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (armiger) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] No locality [= Caroline Islands]. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz 1834. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (celebicus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 335] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz 1834. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (doreensis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Doreh Harbor, New Guinea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz 1834. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (fuscus) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 11; ref. 18748] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz 1834. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (lishenus) [Report of the Institute of Fishery Biology of Ministry of Economic Affairs and National Taiwan Unversity, Taipei v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 52] Hong-tsai-keng, southwestern tip of Taiwan, South China Sea, depth 7 meters. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz 1834. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (melanopterus) [Report of the Institute of Fishery Biology of Ministry of Economic Affairs and National Taiwan Unversity, Taipei v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 52] Wan-li-tung, southwestern tip of Taiwan, South China Sea, depth 5-10 meters. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz 1834. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus reversus Randall & Earle, 1999 [=Acanthurus reversus Randall [J. E.] & Earle [J. L.] 1999:475, Figs. 2-6] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences v. 51 (no. 14); ref. 24181] Nuku Hiva, off point at southern end of Marquisienne Bay, Marquesas Islands, depth 15 meters. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus reversus Randall & Earle 1999. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands; stray in Tuamotu Archipelago. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus sandvicensis Streets, 1877 [=Acanthurus triostegus var. sandvicensis Streets [T. H.] 1877:67] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum v.1 (no. 7); ref. 4290] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus sandvicensis Streets 1877. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Ridge and Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Acanthurus sohal (Forsskal, 1775) [=Chaetodon sohal Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:63, xiii, Acanthurus carinatus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:216, Acanthurus (Ctenodon) rueppellii Swainson [W.] 1839:256, Fig. 74] Notes: [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [No locality stated] Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus sohal (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine. (carinatus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus sohal (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (rueppellii) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus sohal (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus tennentii Gunther, 1861 [=Acanthurus tennentii Günther [A.] 1861:337, Acanthurus bicommatus Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:694, Pl. 18 (figs. C-D), Acanthurus plagiatus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1876:439] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus tennentii Günther 1861. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Sri Lanka, Andaman Sea and western Indonesia. Habitat: marine. (bicommatus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 8 (no. 93) (art. 82); ref. 12476] Shimoni, Kenya, 4°40'S, 39°30'E, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus tennentii Günther 1861. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (plagiatus) [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 18495] Mauritius [Île aux Fouquets, 8 kilometers east of Mahébourg], Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus tennentii Günther 1861. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923) [=Hepatus thompsoni Fowler [H. W.] 1923:386, Acanthurus philippinus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1927:434, Pl. 5 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 8 (no. 7); ref. 1398] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler 1923). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Ducie (Pitcairn Group), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. Habitat: marine. (philippinus) [Philippine Journal of Science v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 10961] Calapan, [northeastern] Mindoro Island [Oriental Mindoro], Philippines [Verde Island Passage, Sibuyan Sea and South China Sea, western Pacific]. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler 1923). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus tractus Poey, 1860 [=Acanthurus tractus Poey [F.] 1860:208, Acanthurus randalli Briggs [J. C.] & Caldwell [D. K.] 1957:43, Fig. 1] Notes: [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus tractus Poey 1860. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic, Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda to Trinidad and Tobago, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean islands [on ref. 31336]. Habitat: marine. (randalli) [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 12135] Jetties on west side of inlet, St. Andrews State Park, Panama City, Bay County, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus tractus Poey 1860. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Gulf of Mexico (if valid). Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) [=Chaetodon triostegus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:274, Teuthis australis Gray [J. E.] 1827:435, Chaetodon couaga Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:726, 727, Teuthis elegans Garman [S.] 1899:70, Pl. L' (fig. 2), Harpurus fasciatus Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:215, xxxviii, Acanthurus hirundo Bennett [J. W.] 1829:unnum. p., Pl. 11, Acanthurus triostegus marquesensis Schultz [L. P.] & Woods [L. P.] 1948:250, Figs. 1 c-f, Acanthurus pentazona Bleeker [P.] 1850:13, Acanthurus subarmatus Bennett [F. D.] 1840:278, fig'd., Teuthis troughtoni Whitley [G. P.] 1928:233, Pl. 16 (fig. 1), Acanthurus zebra Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:546, 548, Pl. 6 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indies. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mexico and Panama (eastern Pacific), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands, Rapa and Ducie (Pitcairn Group). Habitat: marine. (australis) [List of fish of Australia; ref. 18152] West coast of Australia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (couaga) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (elegans) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Off the Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean, at the surface. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (fasciatus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. (hirundo) [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (marquesensis)[Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 38 (no. 7); ref. 13076] Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (pentazona) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 23 (no. 10); ref. 16905] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (subarmatus) [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] Raiatea, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (troughtoni) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 4661] Naunaha Island, Vanikoro Lagoon, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (zebra) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus 1758). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Acanthurus tristis Randall, 1993 [=Acanthurus tristis Randall [J. E.] 1993:4, Figs. 1-3, Acanthurus tristis Tickell [S. R.] in Day 1888:788] Notes: [The J.L.B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication No. 54; ref. 21092] Lively Rocks, Trincomalee, east coast of Sri Lanka, depth 10-12 meters. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus tristis Randall 1993. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific Ocean: Maldives to Sri Lanka, Andaman Sea, western Sumatra, Java and Bali. Habitat: marine. (tristis T) [The fishes of India Suppl.; ref. 1082] Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus tristis Randall 1993. Acanthuridae.

Species Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 [=Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:215, Hepatus aquilinus Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:353, Fig. 66, Teuthis crestonis Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan 1895:485, Pl. 47, Acanthurus fuliginosus Lesson [R. P.] 1831:149, Acanthurus gahmoides Guichenot [A.] 1863:C-8, Teuthis guentheri Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:477, Fig. 29, Acanthurus lamarrii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:236, Acanthurus rasi Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:203, Acanthurus reticulatus Shen [S.-C.] & Lim [P.-C.] 1973:119, Fig. 27] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama and Mexico (eastern Pacific), north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (aquilinus) [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (crestonis) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Astillero estuary at Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (fuliginosus) [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Kosrae, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (gahmoides) [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (guentheri) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (lamarrii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (rasi) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Puducherry, India. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (reticulatus) [Report of the Institute of Fishery Biology of Ministry of Economic Affairs and National Taiwan Unversity, Taipei v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 52] Hai-koa, southwestern tip of Taiwan, South China Sea, depth 6 meters. Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Ctenochaetus Gill, 1884 [=Ctenochaetus Gill [T. N.] 1884:279, Ctenodon (subgenus of Acanthurus) Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:509] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 435); ref. 1726] Masc. Acanthurus strigosus Bennett 1828. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Not expressly proposed as a replacement name. •Synonym of Acanthurus Gill 1884 -- (Sorenson et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32702]). •Valid as Ctenochaetus Gill 1884 -- (Leis & Richards 1984:548 [ref. 13669], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:232 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:816 [ref. 5706], Tyler et al. 1989:38 [ref. 13460], Blot & Tyler 1990:35 [ref. 19415], Winterbottom 1993:36 [ref. 20307], Guiasu & Winterbottom 1993:300 [ref. 21023], Randall & Clements 2001:3 [ref. 25453], Randall 2001:3655 [ref. 26301], Allen et al. 2006:1738 [ref. 29094], Motomura et al. 2017:206 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:353 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus Gill 1884. Acanthuridae. (Ctenodon) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Masc. Acanthurus strigosus Bennett 1828. Type by monotypy. Not described as new but validates this use of Ctenodon by Bonaparte. Apparently preoccupied by Ctenodon Wagler 1830 in Insecta, preoccupied by Ctenodon Swainson 1839 in fishes. Ctenochaetus Gill 1884 is an available objective synonym. •Synonym of Ctenochaetus Gill 1884 -- (Randall 1955:365 [ref. 13648], Randall & Clements 2001:3 [ref. 25453]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus Gill 1884. Acanthuridae.

Species Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall, 1955 [=Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall [J. E.] 1955:(155) 164, Fig. 1 G, Ctenochaetus oculocoeruleus Fourmanoir [P.] 1966:217, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 40 (pt 4, no. 15); ref. 12220] Pagapas Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines [Batangas, Verde Island Passage, South China Sea, western Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall 1955. Acanthuridae. Distribution: South and East Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands, Tonga and Rapa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (oculocoeruleus) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 38 (no. 3); ref. 9029] Nha-Trang, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall 1955. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus Randall & Clements, 2001 [=Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus Randall [J. E.] & Clements [K. D.] 2001:9, Pl. 1B, 4 C-F] Notes: [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 32; ref. 25453] Lagoon between Enewetak and Parry Islands, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, depth 6 meters. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus Randall & Clements 2001. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Madagascar; South China Sea to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus flavicauda Fowler, 1938 [=Ctenochaetus flavicauda Fowler [H. W.] 1938:104, Pl. 10 (fig. 24)] Notes: [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 2; ref. 1428] Takaroa Island, Tuamotu Islands. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus flavicauda Fowler 1938. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis Randall, 1955 [=Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis Randall [J. E.] 1955:(155) 161, Pl. 2 (fig. 2); Fig. 1 D] Notes: [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 40 (pt 4, no. 15); ref. 12220] Entrance to Keauhou Bay, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis Randall 1955. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Mariana Islands to Marshall Islands east to Hawaiian Islands and northern Line Islands; Tuvalu, Samoa and Tonga east to Marquesas Islands and Pitcairn Group. Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus marginatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) [=Acanthurus marginatus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:221, Ctenochaetus cyanoguttatus Randall [J. E.] 1955:(155) 160, Fig. 1 C, Acanthurus guttatus Kittlitz [F. H.] 1834:193, Pl. 13 (fig. 4), Ctenochaetus magnus Randall [J. E.] 1955:(155) 162, Fig. 1 E] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Luganor [Lukunor Island], Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus marginatus (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Central and eastern Pacific: Micronesia and Marshall Islands east to Johnston Atoll; Rapa, Tuamotu Archipelago, Marquesas Islands; offshore eastern Pacific islands, and Costa Rica to Colombia. Habitat: marine. (cyanoguttatus) [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 40 (pt 4, no. 15); ref. 12220] Aunteuma Island, Onotoa Atoll, Gilbert Islands. Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus marginatus (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (guttatus) [Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte, von Mitgliedern der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main v. 1; ref. 10022] Luganor [Lukunor Island], Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus marginatus (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. (magnus) [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 40 (pt 4, no. 15); ref. 12220] Malden Island, Line Islands, central Pacific, 4°03'S, 154°59'W. Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus marginatus (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) [=Acanthurus striatus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:373, Pl. 63 (fig. 3), Acanthurus argenteus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:372, Pl. 63 (fig. 2), Acanthurus ctenodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:241, Pl. 289, Ctenodon cuvierii Swainson [W.] 1839:256, Acanthurus ketlitzii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:222] Notes: [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa. Habitat: marine. (argenteus) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (ctenodon) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (cuvierii) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (ketlitzii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Current status: Synonym of Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus strigosus (Bennett, 1828) [=Acanthurus strigosus Bennett [E. T.] 1828:41] Notes: [Zoological Journal, London v. 4 (no. 13, art. 3); ref. 16783] Hawaiian Islands; Johnston Atoll, central Pacific. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus strigosus (Bennett 1828). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands [other populations are different species]. Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus tominiensis Randall, 1955 [=Ctenochaetus tominiensis Randall [J. E.] 1955:(155) 163, Fig. 1 F] Notes: [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 40 (pt 4, no. 15); ref. 12220] Sadaa Island, Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus tominiensis Randall 1955. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia east to Palau and Fiji, north to Philippines, south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

Species Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements, 2001 [=Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall [J. E.] & Clements [K. D.] 2001:25, Pls. 3C, 6 F-H] Notes: [Indo-Pacific Fishes No. 32; ref. 25453] Off point just north of main settlement, La Digue, Seychelles, western Indian Ocean, depth 3 meters. Current status: Valid as Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements 2001. Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Aldabra, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Andaman Sea, Christmas Island, Cocos Keeling Islands and western Indonesia. Habitat: marine. GENUS Naso Lacepede, 1801 [=Naso Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:104, Atulonotus Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:174, Axinurus Cuvier [G.] 1829:225, Callicanthus (subgenus of Prionurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:256, Cyphomycter (subgenus of Naso) Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1929:264, 273, Keris Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:304, Monoceros Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:180, Nasonus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:83, Priodon Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] (ex Cuvier) 1825:377, Priodontichthys Bonaparte [C. L.] 1831:175, Prionolepis Smith [J. L. B.] 1931:145, Rhinodactylus Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:686] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 3; ref. 2710] Masc. Naso fronticornis Lacepède 1801. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1917:61 [ref. 2407]. Genus description also appeared in Sonnini 1803:114 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Valid as Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:238 [ref. 7348], Leis & Richards 1984:548 [ref. 13669], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:229 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:819 [ref. 5706], Tyler et al. 1989:37 [ref. 13460], Blot & Tyler 1990:30 [ref. 19415], Winterbottom 1993:36 [ref. 20307], Randall 1994:116 [ref. 21648], Borden 1998:104 [ref. 23309], Randall 2001:170 [ref. 25459], Randall 2001:3655 [ref. 26301], Johnson 2002:293 [ref. 26390], Klanten et al. 2004:221 [ref. 27952], Allen et al. 2006:1739 [ref. 29094], Ho et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31484], Sinou et al. 2013:91 [ref. 32682], Matsunuma & Motomura 2013:103 [ref. 33254], Kottelat 2013:442 [ref. 32989], Struthers 2015:1595 [ref. 34302], Motomura et al. 2017:206 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:355 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Atulonotus) [South African Journal of Science v. 51 (no. 6); ref. 4100] Masc. Priodon hexacanthus Bleeker 1855. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Axinurus) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Masc. Axinurus thynnoides Cuvier 1829. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801, but a valid subgenus Axinurus -- (Randall 1994:116 [ref. 21648], Klanten et al. 2004:221 [ref. 27952]). •Mention -- (Borden 1998:110 [ref. 23309]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Callicanthus) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Masc. Aspisurus elegans Rüppell 1829. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Cyphomycter) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 8; ref. 1476] Masc. Naso tuberosus Lacepède 1801. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:362 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Keris) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Masc. Keris anginosus Valenciennes 1835. Type by monotypy. Spelled Ceris by Günther in Zoological Record for 1865:87. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Monoceros) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Masc. Monoceros biaculeatus Bloch & Schneider 1801 (= Chaetodon unicornis Forsskål 1775). Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1917:58 [ref. 2407]. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Nasonus) [Analyse de la nature; ref. 3584] Masc. Naso fronticornis Lacepède 1801. Type by being a replacement name. As "Nasonus R. [Rafinesque] Naso Lac. [Lacepède]. Either an unneeded replacement for Naso Lacepède 1801 or an unavailable incorrect subsequent spelling of Naso; style in work favors the former. •Objective synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Priodon) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Masc. Priodon annulatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Priodontichthys) [Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati; ref. 4978] Masc. Priodon annulatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Type by being a replacement name. Appeared as "Priodontichthys, Nob. (Priodon, Cuv.)". Replacement for Priodon Cuvier [= Quoy & Gaimard (ex Cuvier)]; preoccupation not researched. •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Prionolepis) [Records of the Albany Museum Grahamstown v. 4 (pt 1); ref. 4062] Fem. Prionolepis hewitti Smith 1931. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Prionolepis Egerton 1850 in fossil fishes, apparently not replaced. •In the synonymy of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:362 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. (Rhinodactylus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 9 (no. 105) (art. 86); ref. 4108] Masc. Rhinodactylus baixopindae Smith 1957. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Current status: Synonym of Naso Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. Species Naso annulatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) [=Priodon annulatus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:377, Priodon annularis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:302, Pl. 294, Naso herrei Smith [J. L. B.] 1966:647, Fig 12A-12B, Acanthurus incipiens Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:480, Fig. 32, Naseus marginatus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:280] Notes: [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Timor Island, southern Malay Archipelago [Timor Sea, eastern Indian Ocean]. Current status: Valid as Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and Tonga; also at Clipperton Island in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (annularis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Current status: Synonym of Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (herrei) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 32; ref. 9066] Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (incipiens) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (marginatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Tongatabu, Friendly Islands. Current status: Synonym of Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) [=Naseus brachycentron Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:275, Naso rigoletto Smith [J. L. B.] 1951:1128, Fig. 1] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Waigeo, Papua Barat, Indonesia, western Pacific. Current status: Valid as Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Madagascar, western Mascarenes east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine. (rigoletto) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 4 (no. 47) (art. 105); ref. 12919] Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829) [=Naseus brevirostris Cuvier [G.] 1829:225, Naseus brevirostris Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:277, Pl. 291, Cyphomycter coryphaenoides Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:173, Pl. 1 (fig. 2), Naseus longicornis Guérin-Méneville [F. E.] 1829-38:22, Pl. 35 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality stated [Indonesia]. Current status: Valid as Naso brevirostris (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Galápagos Archipelago (eastern Pacific), north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Habitat: marine. (brevirostris VinCV) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Molucca Islands; Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; New Guinea. Current status: Synonym of Naso brevirostris (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (coryphaenoides) [South African Journal of Science v. 51 (no. 6); ref. 4100] Bazaruto Island, 21°30'S, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso brevirostris (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (longicornis) [Iconographie du Règne animal de G. Cuvier IV, Poissons; ref. 18162] Indian Ocean, near Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso brevirostris (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso caeruleacauda Randall, 1994 [=Naso caeruleacauda Randall [J. E.] 1994:122, Fig. 3; Pls. 1C, 2A] Notes: [Copeia 1994 (no. 1); ref. 21648] Dumaguete, Negros, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Naso caeruleacauda Randall 1994. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: east Indian region, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso caesius Randall & Bell, 1992 [=Naso caesius Randall [J. E.] & Bell [L. J.] 1992:347, Pl. 1 A-B, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Pacific Science v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 20252] Northern side of East Channel, Eniwetak [Enewetak] Atoll, Marshall Islands, western Pacific, depth 3-5 meters. Current status: Valid as Naso caesius Randall & Bell 1992. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific, antiequatorial: Micronesia and Marshall Islands east to Hawaiian Islands; Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia east to Tonga, Society Islands and Pitcairn Group. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso elegans (Ruppell, 1829) [=Aspisurus elegans Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:61, Pl. 16 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Northern Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Naso elegans (Rüppell 1829). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East Africa and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Andaman Sea and western Indonesia, excluding the northwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso fageni Morrow, 1954 [=Naso fageni Morrow [J. E., Jr.] 1954:799, Rhinodactylus baixopindae Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:686, Fig. 1, Cyphomycter cavallo Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:173, Pl. 1 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 7 (no. 83) (art. 98); ref. 12658] Bugsuk Island, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Naso fageni Morrow 1954. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: east Africa, Aldabra Atoll, east to Philippines, south to Western Australia. Habitat: marine. (baixopindae) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 9 (no. 105) (art. 86); ref. 4108] Pinda, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso fageni Morrow 1954. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (cavallo) [South African Journal of Science v. 51 (no. 6); ref. 4100] Pinda reef, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso fageni Morrow 1954. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855) [=Priodon hexacanthus Bleeker [P.] 1855:421, Naso genimarginatus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1927:461, Pl. 16 (fig. 2), Callicanthus metoposophron Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:481, Fig. 31, Naseus tapeinosoma Bleeker [P.] 1854:457, Naso (Atulonotus) thorpei Smith [J. L. B.] 1966:670, Fig. 9B, Naseus vomer Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:514] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 350] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker 1855). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Ducie (Pitcairn Group), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia; Clipperton Island in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (genimarginatus) [Philippine Journal of Science v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 10961] New Washington, Capiz Province, Panay, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker 1855). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (metoposophron) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker 1855). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (tapeinosoma) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 344] Current status: Synonym of Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker 1855). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (thorpei) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 32; ref. 9066] Durban, KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker 1855). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (vomer) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea, 26°06'N, 34°17'E. Current status: Synonym of Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker 1855). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso lituratus (Forster, in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) [=Acanthurus lituratus Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:216, Prionurus eoume Lesson [R. P.] 1831:151, Prionurus filamentosus Liénard [F.] in Sauvage 1891:345, Monoceros garretti Seale [A.] 1901:112, Acanthurus harpurus Shaw [G.] in Cuvier 1829:225, Naseus incornis Cuvier [G.] 1829:225] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality stated [Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Naso lituratus (Forster 1801). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific: Indonesia and Cocos-Keeling Islands east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. Habitat: marine. (eoume) [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Matavai Bay, Tahiti, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Naso lituratus (Forster 1801). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (filamentosus) [Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar; ref. 14503] Current status: Synonym of Naso lituratus (Forster 1801). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (garretti) [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 14357] Agaña, Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Naso lituratus (Forster 1801). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (harpurus) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Current status: Synonym of Naso lituratus (Forster 1801). Acanthuridae. (incornis) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality stated [Maluku, Indonesia; India]. Current status: Synonym of Naso lituratus (Forster 1801). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso lopezi Herre, 1927 [=Naso lopezi Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1927:467, Pl. 7 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Philippine Journal of Science v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 10961] Ambil Island, China Sea, southwest of Manila Bay, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Naso lopezi Herre 1927. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean: South China Sea to Vanuatu and New Caledonia, north to Japan, and south to Australia. Habitat: marine. Species Naso maculatus Randall & Struhsaker, 1981 [=Naso maculatus Randall [J. E.] & Struhsaker [P. J.] 1981:554, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1981 (no. 3); ref. 8558] Northern shore off Haleiwa, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, 21°40'N, 158°07'W, depth 100 meters. Current status: Valid as Naso maculatus Randall & Struhsaker 1981. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific: Western Australia to Indonesia; East China Sea to Japan and Hawaiian Islands; Lord Howe Island, Chesterfield Islands, Grande Terre Group and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

Species Naso mcdadei Johnson, 2002 [=Naso mcdadei Johnson [J. W.] 2002:295, Figs. 1 (a-d), 2a] Notes: [Australian Journal of Zoology v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 26390] Flat Rock, off Stradbroke Island, Queensland 27°23'S, 153°33'E, depth 5-10 meters. Current status: Valid as Naso mcdadei Johnson 2002. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Natal, Mauritius, Chagos Archipelago, east to Western Australia, Timor Sea, north to Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso minor (Smith, 1966) [=Axinurus minor Smith [J. L. B.] 1966:640, Fig. 1A, Naseus unicolor Günther [A.] (ex Liénard) 1861:347] Notes: [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 32; ref. 9066] Pinda Reef, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean, depth 25-30 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Naso minor (Smith 1966). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, and east Indian region. Habitat: marine. (unicolor) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso minor (Smith 1966). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso reticulatus Randall, 2001 [=Naso reticulatus Randall [J. E.] 2001:173, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoological Studies v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 25459] Southern end at Nanwan, middle of bay directly east of fishing boat harbor at Houpihu, Taiwan, depth 15 meters. Current status: Valid as Naso reticulatus Randall 2001. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indian Ocean and western Pacific: Pakistan, Taiwan, Philippines and Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso tergus Ho et al., 2011 [=Naso tergus Ho [H.-C.], Shen [K.-N.] & Chang [C.-W.] 2011:206, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 59 (no. 2); ref. 31484] Off Nanfangao, Ilan, northeastern Taiwan, depth 70-80 meters. Current status: Valid as Naso tergus Ho, Shen & Chang 2011. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Taiwan, Japan and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso thynnoides (Cuvier, 1829) [=Axinurus thynnoides Cuvier [G.] 1829:225] Notes: [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Dorey harbor, Papua New Guinea. Current status: Valid as Naso thynnoides (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles and western Mascarenes east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia), north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso tonganus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) [=Naseus tonganus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Quoy & Gaimard) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:292] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Tongatapu, Tonga Islands, South Pacific. Current status: Valid as Naso tonganus (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: east Africa to Micronesia, Samoa and Australia, to Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Naso tuberosus Lacepede, 1801 [=Naso tuberosus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:105, 111, Pl. 7 (fig. 3), Acanthurus nasus Shaw [G.] 1803:376, Pl. 51, Naseus tuber Commerson [P.] in Cuvier 1829:225] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Naso tuberosus Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. Distribution: East Africa to Seychelles, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals and Mascarenes. Habitat: marine. (nasus) [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; and Indian Seas. Current status: Synonym of Naso tuberosus Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (tuber) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Current status: Synonym of Naso tuberosus Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso unicornis (Forsskal, 1775) [=Chaetodon unicornis Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:63, xiii, Monoceros biaculeatus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:180, Pl. 42, Acronurus corniger Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:192, Naso fronticornis Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:105, 106, Pl. 7 (fig. 2), Harpurus monoceros Forster [J. R.] in Lichtenstein 1844:219, Monoceros raii Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:181] Notes: [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Naso unicornis (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island, New Zealand and Rapa. Habitat: marine. (biaculeatus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Naso unicornis (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (corniger) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Naso unicornis (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (fronticornis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 3; ref. 2710] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Naso unicornis (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (monoceros) [Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis; ref. 17531] Tahiti, Society Islands. Also reported from Babayoo near Waighew [Waigeo, Papua, Indonesia]. Current status: Synonym of Naso unicornis (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (raii) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Naso unicornis (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Naso vlamingii (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) [=Naseus vlamingii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:293] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Molucca Island, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Naso vlamingii (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Line Islands, Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to southern Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and New Caledonia; waifs reaching Galápagos Islands (eastern Pacific). Habitat: marine.

GENUS Paracanthurus Bleeker, 1863 [=Paracanthurus Bleeker [P.] 1863:252, Colocopus Gill [T. N.] 1884:279] Notes: [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 1; ref. 402] Masc. Teuthis hepatus of Bloch & Schneider (not of Linnaeus) 1801. Type by monotypy. According to Fowler (MS) this is based on a misidentified type species, not Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus; Randall 1986 says based on hepatus Linnaeus in part. •Valid as Paracanthurus Bleeker 1863 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:230 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:817 [ref. 5706], Tyler et al. 1989:37 [ref. 13460], Blot & Tyler 1990:28 [ref. 19415], Winterbottom 1993:36 [ref. 20307], Guiasu & Winterbottom 1993:300 [ref. 21023], Kuiter & Debelius 2001:69 [ref. 26232], Randall 2001:3654 [ref. 26301], Allen et al. 2006:1743 [ref. 29094], Kottelat 2013:440 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:356 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthurus Bleeker 1863. Acanthuridae. (Colocopus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 435); ref. 1726] Masc. Colocopus lambdurus Gill 1884. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Paracanthurus Bleeker 1863 -- (Randall 1955:363 [ref. 13648]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus Bleeker 1863. Acanthuridae.

Species Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1766) [=Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus [C.] 1766:507, Acronurus carneus Poey [F.] 1860:207, Acronurus fuscus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:191, Acanthurus teuthis Shaw [G.] 1803:377, Acanthurus theuthis Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:547, 549, Acanthurus triangulus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:189] Notes: [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Mare indico [erroneous, is Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia]; Carolina, U.S.A. [erroneous]; Jamaica [erroneous]; Bahamas [erroneous], Mediterranean [erroneous]. Current status: Valid as Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marshall and Line islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef (Australia), New Caledonia and Samoa; waifs reaching Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (carneus) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (fuscus) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (teuthis) [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (theuthis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (triangulus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Current status: Synonym of Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus 1766). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Prionurus Lacepede, 1804 [=Prionurus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1804:(205) 211, Acanthocaulus Waite [E. R.] 1900:206, Burobulla Whitley [G. P.] 1931:321, Dasyacanthurus (subgenus of Xesurus) Fowler [H. W.] 1944:333, Triacanthurodes Fowler [H. W.] 1944:332, Xesurus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1896:421] Notes: [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 12515] Masc. Prionurus microlepidotus Lacepède 1804. Type by monotypy. Latinized on p. 211. Acanthocaulus Waite 1900 apparently is an unneeded replacement. •Valid as Prionurus Lacepède 1804 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:238 [ref. 7348], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Tyler et al. 1989:37 [ref. 13460], Blot & Tyler 1990:26 [ref. 19415], Winterbottom 1993:36 [ref. 20307], Guiasu & Winterbottom 1993:300 [ref. 21023], Randall 2001:160 [ref. 25804], Randall 2001:3655 [ref. 26301], Parin 2003:S25 [ref. 28536], Allen et al. 2006:1743 [ref. 29094], Struthers 2015:1596 [ref. 34302]). Current status: Valid as Prionurus Lacepède 1804. Acanthuridae. (Acanthocaulus) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 4558] Masc. Prionurus microlepidotus Lacepède 1804. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Prionurus Lacepède 1804, apparently not preoccupied by Ehrenberg 1829. •Objective synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804 -- (Randall 1955:362 [ref. 13648], Randall 2001:160 [ref. 25804]). Current status: Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804. Acanthuridae. (Burobulla) [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 4672] Fem. Prionurus maculatus Ogilby 1887. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804 -- (Randall 1955:362 [ref. 13648], Randall 2001:160 [ref. 25804]). Current status: Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804. Acanthuridae. (Dasyacanthurus) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Masc. Xesurus hopkinsi Gilbert & Starks 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804 based on placement of the type species. Current status: Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804. Acanthuridae. (Triacanthurodes) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Masc. Naseus laticlavius Valenciennes 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804 -- (Randall 1955:362 [ref. 13648], Randall 2001:160 [ref. 25804]). Current status: Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804. Acanthuridae. (Xesurus) [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 21 (for 1895) Appendix 5; ref. 2442] Masc. Prionurus punctatus Gill 1862. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804 -- (Randall 1955:362 [ref. 13648], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:238 [ref. 7348], Randall 2001:160 [ref. 25804], Parin 2003:S25 [ref. 28536], Parin et al. 2014:507 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Prionurus Lacepède 1804. Acanthuridae.

Species Prionurus biafraensis (Blache & Rossignol, 1962) [=Xesurus biafraensis Blache [J.] & Rossignol [M.] 1962:482, Fig.] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 33 (no. 5) (for 1961); ref. 7641] Pointe de Prayao, São Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea, depth 10 meters. Current status: Valid as Prionurus biafraensis (Blache & Rossignol 1962). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea from Cape Lopez (Gabon) to Pointe-Noire (the Congo). Habitat: marine.

Species Prionurus chrysurus Randall, 2001 [=Prionurus chrysurus Randall [J. E.] 2001:161, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 25804] "Blue Lagoon", just north of Padang Bai, Bali, Indonesia, depth 10 meters. Current status: Valid as Prionurus chrysurus Randall 2001. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

Species Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes, 1846) [=Naseus laticlavius Valenciennes [A.] 1846:no p., Pl. 7 (fig. 2), Xesurus clarionis Gilbert [C. H.] & Starks [E. C.] in Gilbert 1897:445, Pl. 51, Xesurus hopkinsi Gilbert [C. H.] & Starks [E. C.] 1904:155, Pl. 25 (fig. 48)] Notes: [Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate "la Vénus"; ref. 6165] Galápagos Islands. Current status: Valid as Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes 1846). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (clarionis) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 19 (no. 1115); ref. 1629] Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands, off western Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes 1846). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (hopkinsi) [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences v. 4; ref. 1639] Panama. Current status: Synonym of Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes 1846). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Prionurus maculatus Ogilby, 1887 [=Prionurus maculatus Ogilby [J. D.] 1887:395] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 2); ref. 18488] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Prionurus maculatus Ogilby 1887. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Prionurus microlepidotus Lacepede, 1804 [=Prionurus microlepidotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1804:205, 211] Notes: [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 12515] No locality [= New South Wales, Australia, Voyage of Péron]., Current status: Valid as Prionurus microlepidotus Lacepède 1804. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Prionurus punctatus Gill, 1862 [=Prionurus punctatus Gill [T. N.] 1862:242] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1665] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Prionurus punctatus Gill 1862. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 [=Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:298] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes 1835. Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan, Korea and China. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Zebrasoma Swainson, 1839 [=Zebrasoma (subgenus of Acanthurus) Swainson [W.] 1839:178, 256, Laephichthys Ogilby [J. D.] 1916:173, Scopas Kner [R.] (ex Bonaparte) 1865:212, Scopas (subgenus of Teuthis) Bonaparte [C. L.] 1831:175] Notes: [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Neut. Acanthurus velifer Bloch 1795. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Zebrasoma Swainson 1839 -- (Leis & Richards 1984:548 [ref. 13669], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:230 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:817 [ref. 5706], Tyler et al. 1989:37 [ref. 13460], Blot & Tyler 1990:33 [ref. 19415], Winterbottom 1993:36 [ref. 20307], Guiasu & Winterbottom 1993:300 [ref. 21023], Randall 2001:3654 [ref. 26301], Allen et al. 2006:1743 [ref. 29094], Hubert et al. 2012:6 [ref. 31846], Kottelat 2013:443 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:357 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma Swainson 1839. Acanthuridae. (Laephichthys) [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 5; ref. 3297] Masc. Acanthurus rostratus Günther 1875. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Spelling somewhat unclear with regard to dipthong "ae" or "oe" in original description, apparently "ae". •Synonym of Zebrasoma Swainson 1839 -- (Randall 1955:363 [ref. 13648], Kottelat 2013:443 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma Swainson 1839. Acanthuridae. (Scopas K) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 18427] Masc. Acanthurus scopas Cuvier 1829. Type by subsequent designation. See also Scopas Bonaparte 1831. Appeared first without species in footnote. Addition of species and type fixation not researched; type as given by Jordan 1919:175 [ref. 2410]. •In the synonymy of Zebrasoma Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:443 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma Swainson 1839. Acanthuridae. (Scopas B) [Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati; ref. 4978] Masc. Acanthurus scopas Cuvier 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently not available, appeared with no included species or distinguishing features; type presumed and designated by Jordan 1919:175 [ref. 2410]; apparently published in an available way by Kner 1865. •In the synonymy of Zebrasoma Swainson 1839 -- (Randall 1955:363 [ref. 13648], Kottelat 2013:443 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma Swainson 1839. Acanthuridae.

Species Zebrasoma desjardinii (Bennett, 1836) [=Acanthurus desjardinii Bennett [E. T.] 1836:207] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835 (pt 3); ref. 16792] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma desjardinii (Bennett 1836). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, East Africa and Madagascar east to western Sumatra (Indonesia) and Christmas Island. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrasoma flavescens (Bennett, 1828) [=Acanthurus flavescens Bennett [E. T.] 1828:40, Zebrasoma agana Seale [A.] 1901:110] Notes: [Zoological Journal, London v. 4 (no. 13, art. 3); ref. 16783] Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma flavescens (Bennett 1828). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Micronesia east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan; possibly Grande Terre and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine. (agana) [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 14357] Agaña, Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma flavescens (Bennett 1828). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrasoma gemmatum (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) [=Acanthurus gemmatus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:255] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma gemmatum (Valenciennes 1835). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East Africa and South Africa east to Madagascar and Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues). Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrasoma rostratum (Gunther, 1875) [=Acanthurus rostratus Günther [A.] 1875:117, Pl. 66 (fig. B)] Notes: [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 14204] Society Islands [French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma rostratum (Günther 1875). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Line Islands, Marquesas Islands, Society Islands, Rapa, Tuamotu Archipelago; waifs reaching Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829) [=Acanthurus scopas Cuvier [G.] 1829:224, Acanthurus altivelis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:249, Acanthurus ruppelii Bennett [E. T.] 1836:207, Acanthurus suillus Cuvier [G.] 1829:224, Zebrasoma supraalba Fowler [H. W.] 1946:198, Fig. 70] Notes: [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Bandaneira, Banda Islands, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Rapa and Pitcairn. Habitat: marine. (altivelis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Sea of the Indies; Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (ruppelii) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835 (pt 3); ref. 16792] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (suillus) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (supraalba) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 98; ref. 1456] Aguni Shima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier 1829). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. Species Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch, 1795) [=Acanthurus velifer Bloch [M. E.] 1795:106, Pl. 427 (fig. 1), Acanthurus blochii Bennett [E. T.] 1836:207, Chaetodon gallina Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:462, 495, Acanthurus hypselopterus Bleeker [P.] 1854:327, Acanthurus kipas Bleeker [P.] 1854:327, Zebrasoma veliforum novaecaledoniae Borodin [N. A.] 1932:88, Acanthurus virgatus Vaillant [L. L.] & Sauvage [H.-E.] 1875:283] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] No locality [India, Indian Ocean]. Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Habitat: marine. (blochii) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835 (pt 3); ref. 16792] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, Tamil Nadu State, India, Indian Ocean]. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (gallina) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (hypselopterus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 343] Larantuka, Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (kipas) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 343] Ambon, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (novaecaledoniae) [Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum v. 1 (art. 3); ref. 16361] Nouméa, New Caledonia. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. (virgatus) [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Ser. 3) v. 3; ref. 17853] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. Species Zebrasoma xanthurum (Blyth, 1852) [=Acanthurus xanthurus Blyth [E.] 1852:50] Notes: [Report on Ceylon mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes; ref. 16969] Sri Lanka. Current status: Valid as Zebrasoma xanthurum (Blyth 1852). Acanthuridae. Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf to Maldives and Sri Lanka. Habitat: marine. ***********************************************

Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Hepatus Scopoli [J. A.] 1777:455 [Introductio ad historiam naturalem; ref. 3990] Kottelat (2013:118 [ref. 32995]) requests the Commission to rule that this name be suppressed for the purposes of priority. See also Hepatus Scooli 1777 in Kottelat 2013:440 [ref. 32989]. Acanthuridae.

Naseus Commerson [P.] in Lacepède 1801:105 (footnote) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 3; ref. 2710] Masc. Probably not available; name mentioned in passing under Naso fronticornis Lacepède. See remarks under Opinion 89 in Appendix B in Eschmeyer et al. 1990 [ref. 26735]. Perhaps can date to Cuvier 1829 as treated by Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]. •In the synonymy of Naso Lacepède 1801 -- (Randall 1955:361 [ref. 13648]). Acanthuridae.

Teuthis Browne [P.] 1789:454 [The civil and natural history of Jamaica; ref. 669] Fem. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 89). Based on Browne 1756:454 [ref. 30188]. Acanthuridae.

(species) albofasciatus, Acanthurus Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Rüppell 1829:58 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Not available, name only. Acanthuridae. barav, Acanthurus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:457 [179] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 179 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy under Acanthurus lineatus; Woodlark I., S. Pacific. Acanthuridae. caroli, Teuthis Curtiss [A.] 1938:124 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Near mouth of Vaiurua River, Tautira township, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. elongatus, Chaetodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:454, 473, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Indo-Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN A-7506 (2, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:121 [ref. 20718], Bauchot & Randall 1996:61 [ref. 22195]. •Status uncertain -- (Randall et al. 1990:424 [ref. 15987], Bauchot & Randall 1996:61 [ref. 22195]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. flavoguttatus, Acanthurus Kittlitz [F. H.] 1834:195, Pl. 13 (fig. 5) [Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte, von Mitgliedern der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main v. 1; ref. 10022] Caroline Islands, western Pacific. Apparently not treated in recent literature. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. flavus, Harpurus Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:214 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Not available, manuscript name mentioned under account of Acanthurus chirurgus. Based on description in manuscript by Forster (Johann Reinhold Forster, 1729-1798, German explorer and naturalist of Cook's second voyage). Acanthuridae. fraterculus, Acanthurus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:206 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:66 [ref. 22195]. Based on a drawing. •Unidentifiable -- (Randall 1954:160 [ref. 12221]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. goramensis, Acanthurus Bleeker [P.] 1858:208 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 362] Goram-Archipel [Pulau-Pulau Gorong, Molucca Islands, Indonesia]. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6325. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. harpurus, Acanthurus Shaw [G.] 1803:381 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian Seas. •Unidentifiable. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. kaber, Acanthurus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:456 [178] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 178 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy under Acanthurus glaucopareius; Woodlark I., South Pacific. Acanthuridae. lambdurus, Colocopus Gill [T. N.] 1884:279 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 435); ref. 1726] Based on Acanthurus hepatus (Bloch & Schneider) of Günther 1875:115, Pl. 75 [ref. 2005] (not Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. liberatae, Teuthis Curtiss [A.] 1938:125 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. lineolatus, Acanthurus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:207 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Sea of the Indies. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Valenciennes specimens: ZMB 1635 [ex MNHN] (1) Vanicolo. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:66 [ref. 22195]. •Questionably a synonym of Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall 1956:190 [ref. 12221], Randall et al. 1990:424 [ref. 15987], Mundy 2005:489 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:424 [ref. 30952], Kottelat 2013:443 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål 1775). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. machaeropterus, Acronurus Fowler [H. W.] 1944:172, Fig. 23 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 96; ref. 1451] Vanuatu. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71377. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:17 [ref. 13621]. •Postlarval Acanthurus. •Status uncertain -- (Randall 1954:161 [ref. 12221]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. melanurus, Acanthurus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:240 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0851 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:58 [ref. 22195]. •Status uncertain -- (Randall 1954:161 [ref. 12221], Bauchot & Randall 1996:58 [ref. 22195]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. melas, Acanthurus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:241 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Sri Lanka. Syntypes: MNHN 0000- 0834 (1) Sri Lanka, 0000-1399 (1) Puducherry. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:58 [ref. 22195] with a holotype and paratype. •Status uncertain -- (Randall 1954:161 [ref. 12221], Bauchot & Randall 1996:58 [ref. 22195]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. meleagris, Acanthurus Shaw [G.] 1803:385 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian and American seas. •Unidentifiable -- (Randall 1954:160 [ref. 12221]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. meta, Acanthurus Cuvier [G.] 1829:224 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] See Acanthurus mata. Acanthuridae. militaris, Acanthurus Shaw [G.] 1803:380 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian and American seas. No types known. •Unidentifiable -- (Randall 1954:160 [ref. 12221]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. niger, Acanthurus Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:236 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Not available, name mentioned in text in passing; from the Red Sea. Acanthuridae. rackliffei, Acanthurus Schultz [L. P.] 1943:163, Fig. 13 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 180; ref. 3957] Pool on reef of Hull Island, Phoenix Islands. Holotype: USNM 115174. Paratypes: MCZ 37227 [ex USNM 115175] (1), USNM 115175-76 (1, 1). •A hybrid of Acanthurus achilles Shaw and Acanthurus glaucopareius Cuvier -- (Randall 1956:160 [ref. 12221], Randall et al. 2001:115 [ref. 25316], Mundy 2005:490 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthurus. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. scalprum, Acanthurus Langsdorff [G. H. von] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:298 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Not available, name mentioned in passing in synonymy of Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes 1835; from Japan. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. striatus, Acanthurus Cuvier [G.] 1829:224 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality. Available from footnote as, "Ac. striatus, N.; Paningu, Renard, I, pl. i, f. 8." Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Acanthurus striatus Quoy & Gaiard 1825. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. strigatus, Naseus De Vis [C. W.] 1884:539 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4899] Queensland coast, Australia. No types known. •Incertae sedis in Acanthuridae -- (Allen et al. 2006:1744 [ref. 29094]). •Questionably a synonym of Acanthurus velifer (Bloch 1795) -- (Kottelat 2013:444 [ref. 32989] but spelled veliferum). Current status: Uncertain as Acanthurus velifer (Bloch 1795). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. umbratus, Acanthurus Shaw [G.] 1803:384 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian Seas. No types known. •Unidentifiable -- (Randall 1954:160 [ref. 12221]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. vedar, Axinurus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:459 [181] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 181 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy under Acanthurus triostegus; from Woodlark I., South Pacific. Acanthuridae. viaged, Acanthurus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:458 [180], 459 [181] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 180-181 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy of two species; from Woodlark I., South Pacific. Acanthuridae. vulnertor, Acanthurus Ranzani [C.] 1842:350, Pl. 33 (fig. 1) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 5; ref. 9017] Brazilian seas. Holotype (unique): MZUB 945. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. zebra, Acanthurus De Vis [C. W.] 1884:447 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 1089] Duke of York Island, western Pacific. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Acanthurus zebra Lacepède 1802. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. anginosus, Keris Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:304, Pl. 295 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Waigeo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7036. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:62 [ref. 22195]. •Status as Naso sp. -- (Bauchot & Randall 1996:62 [ref. 22195]). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. ecornis, Monoceros Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Rüppell 1829:61 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Not available, name mentioned in synonymy; from Red Sea. •Synonym of Naso lituratus (Forster 1801) -- (Dor 1984:258 [ref. 29757]). Current status: Synonym of Naso lituratus (Forster 1801). Acanthuridae. punctulatus, Naseus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:289 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] East Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:67 [ref. 22195]. •Questionably a synonym of Naso tuberosus Lacepède 1801 -- (Johnson 2002:303 [ref. 26390]). Current status: Uncertain as Naso tuberosus Lacepède 1801. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. tandock, Naseus Cuvier [G.] 1829:225 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality [Indonesia]. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:68 [ref. 22195]. Available from footnote as, "Nas. tandock, Renard., I, iv, 23; et Valent., 518" ('Ikan mata anam' of Valentyn 1726:507, fig. 518 [ref. 30358] from Indonesia). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. tripeltis, Naseus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:276 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] East Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:68 [ref. 22195]. Spelled tripeltes by Fowler & Bean 1929:287 [ref. 1476]. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. tumifrons, Naseus Cuvier [G.] 1829:225 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No locality. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Randall 1996:68 [ref. 22195]. Available from footnote as, "Nas. tumifrons, N., mal rendu, Ren., I, f.178." Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. punikar, Prionurus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:460 [182] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 182 of reprint. Name mentioned in synonymy under Naseus punikar; validly proposed as Naseus punikar; Woodlark I., South Pacific. Acanthuridae. scalprum, Acanthurus Langsdorff [G. H. von] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835:298 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Not available, name mentioned in passing in synonymy of Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes 1835; from Japan. Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine. rhombeus, Acanthurus Kittlitz [F. H.] 1834:196, Pl. 13 (fig. 16) [Museum Senckenbergianum: Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte, von Mitgliedern der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main v. 1; ref. 10022] Uléa, Caroline Islands, western Pacific, ca. 7°22'N, 143°54'E. No types preserved. Based on a drawing by Kittlitz (Friedrich Heinrich Freiherr von Kittlitz, 1799-1874, German ornithologist and naturalist). Apparently not treated in current literature. •Mention -- (Mundy 2005:496 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Uncertain as Zebrasoma flavescens (Bennett 1828). Acanthuridae. Habitat: marine.