Open Access Journal of Nursing Volume 1, Issue 1, 2018, PP: 1-11 Ethnohistory and Disability Disability and Culture: The Case of a Group of People with Disabilities, Indigenous in Chile Gregorio Perez Serrano president of NGO Bioscorpore professor of the department [email protected] occupational therapy, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile and *Corresponding Author: Gregorio Perez Serrano, professor of the department of occupational therapy, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile. Abstract This article is a pioneer in disability studies in Latin America, since it shows the ethnohistorical relevance of disability. If empre has seen disability as “less than”, in Latin America disability is synonymous with “lack of capacity” by capacity, we understand being able to do something, then it is an even greater challenge for the States in Latin America, to have the capacity to understand a person with a disability and effectively enforce the articles of the “convection on the rights of persons with disabilities”. This Little article refers to occupational health and the eighth article of the convention “Awareness”. This ethnohistorical anthropological reflection will give clues to comply with this article, by positioning not only the disability in a synchronic moment but in a diachronic process Keyword: Hetnohisory, disability, different productions mode Introduction adopt a national disability strategy and action plan , ensure the participation of persons with disabilities, The problem of disability has recently become a challenge for the Latin American region, with the improve human resource capacity, provide sufficient the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,” by the General funding and improve accessibility, promote public ratification of the international treaty “Convention on the collection of disability data, reinforce and support Assembly of the United Nations in 2006. researchawareness on and disability. understanding (BM, WHO of 2011). disability, improve This population has been historically excluded from public work, the World Health Organization and the Disabilities of the United Nations was designed to World Bank recognized a series of disabling obstacles, The Convention on the Rights of Persons with while establishing recommendations on the issue for group in the world: disability, thus complying with the member countries. recommendationsaddress these shortcomings of the organizations of the most alreadydisadvantaged named (UN, 2007). Disability is a cause of inequality, and inequality is also The detected by both institutions refers to: insufficient policies and norms, negative attitudes, insufficient from discrimination, marginalization and illiteracy, provision of services and problems with them, consultation and participation, as well as lack of data poora cause nutrition, of disability, lack of since access people to water, in this unhealthy group suffer and insufficient financing, lack of accessibility, lack of and information. dangerous working conditions. (UN, 2007). According to the World Health Organization, 10% of the established, among them: to enable access to all world population has some type of disability, according To face the above, a series of possible solutions were to the World Bank it is 20% of the population. In short, there are approximately 650 million people with conventional systems and services, to invest in specific programsOpen Access and Journalservices offor Nursing people withV1 . I1disabilities, . 2018 to 1 Ethnohistory and Disability, Disability and Culture: The Case of A Group of People With Disabilities, Indigenous in Chile disabilities in the world. (UN, 2007). That is why the Problematic In the article 32 literal (a), it is allowed to glimpse political and legal body that tries to protect this group that the phenomenon of the disability is a cultural ofUnited people. Nations (UN, 2007).Convention on the matter arises, as a problem, this is the paradigmatic change. In capitalist In the body and first chapter of “The Convention on society, these individuals lose their identity as subjects, because what prevails is to be able to sustain the fullRights and ofequal Disability,” enjoyment it states: of all human“The purpose rights and of a paid job. As seen, in different cultures over time fundamentalthis convention freedoms. is to promote,for all persons protect with and disabilities ensure of changing systems of ideas.Understanding that and different production modes. There was a process and promote respect for their inherent dignity. People structures are what change the systems of ideas, and not the other way around. with disabilities include those who have physical, interpersonal relationships, into relationships where mental, intellectual or sensory long-term deficiencies For Wolf, the capitalist mode of production converts that, when interacting with various barriers, may prevent their full and effective participation in society, group,discriminatory losing identity, treatment and transforming prevails, separating it into a social or onIn orderequal toterms establish with others.a link between “(UN, 2007 the p.128).actions of the excluding the disabled person from the collective States with respect to disability and the purpose of the ofstigma, production we ask like ourselves: the current if there one. will be other forms to face the problem of “disability” in a capitalist mode United Nations Convention, this thesis will focus on Article 32 of said Convention, regarding its dimension Parties recognize the importance of international Questioning what is the vision of disability in the of international cooperation. It states: “The States America? cooperation and its promotion, in support of national different production modes, and specifically in Latin Hypothesis measuresefforts to inrealize this theregard, purpose between and objectivesthe States of and this Convention, and shall take appropriate and effective We have formulated the following hypothesis: culture.Disability Well, in the it is indigenous taken from world another receives logic, awhich different society,where appropriate,particularly organizationsin partnership of withpersons relevant with cultural value, the value it receives in Western international and regional organizations and civil realities. obeys another system of totally different ideas and disabilities“.In this way, cooperation according to Article 32 of a group of indigenous people. Parameters were To prove, if there is a cultural variable acting within as cultural. The relationship of this dimension built based on ethnomethodology, which consists of the Convention, accounts for other aspects, such separating the world from a disabled subject. This world in theoretical terms is composed of Nationswith disability Organization is recorded for Education, in the “United Science, Nations and Development Program” (UNDP), and the “United several elements, which would be: resilience / mustCulture” refer (UNESCO), to this dimension. these two Agencies pursue the desmoralitations, instrumental / communicative cultural development of a country and for that they rationality, solidarity / charity, normality / abnormality, This article refers to the ideational or cultural way identity / experience, disability / disability, stereotype in which people with disabilities are treated, from a which/ discrimination. through a socialThese process elements can havebe appropriated an alterity, orwhich may hasbe appropriate a negative (Perezpart and Serrano a positive 2017). part, and on the thesis of GP to obtain the title of anthropologist, andhybrid aims culture to contribute (Canclini, to 2007).information This articleon disability is based in The current Latin American society appropriates part of the elements. Building a stereotype of a person Chile. An investigation will be carried out from the people with disabilities, appropriating the negative ethnohistorical2 and anthropological point of view. Open Access Journal of Nursing V1 . I1 . 2018 Ethnohistory and Disability, Disability and Culture: The Case of A Group of People With Disabilities, Indigenous in Chile with disabilities, which the subject sometimes accepts for himself, cementing a deteriorated identity, or the background of society, and its treatment of persons“modes ofwith production” disabilities, will and be the used way to of contextualise seeing these to society and its economic, political and social model people when changing the modes of production and rather putting his identity in negative and giving way its transformation, and the change in the system of ideas. creates a false image of they, calling them “disabled”, “disabled”, “sick”, “poor”. Mode of production based on kinship: people with disabilities, in different Corporally non-conventional people can, through a cultures in the history of mankind sense of resilience (ability to overcome adversity) Throughout ancient history, Western and non-Western, stereotype.appropriate the positive elements of the world of disability and break away from the “disabled” there were treatments for people with some type of The ethnohistoricity of the subject sensory impaired. Testimony of discrimination in the The problem of disability has been present in all disability, in the thesis of Leonora Parrau “The hearing cultures and in all societies as something inherent in the human condition. In all of them we look at the regular education system in Santiago “points out: philosopher Aristotle tried to interpret some non- “In Greece of the 4th