DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Report Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Discovery and Development of Agricultural Chemicals Research Laboratory ® Profluthrin (Fairytale ), a New Kazuya UJIHARA Active Ingredient of Moth Masayo SUGANO Kazuhide NAKADA Proofer Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory Kazunori IWAKURA Process & Production Technology Center Keiichi NISHIHARA* Environmental Health Science Laboratory Hiroshi KATOH Profluthrin (Fairytale®), a newly discovered insecticide from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., provides high effi- cacy against fabric pests and also has relatively high vapor pressure and low mammalian toxicity, which means Profluthrin has various superior properties as an active ingredient of moth proofers. In addition, it has excellent activity against sanitary pests like flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches. Profluthrin was launched in 2004 in Japan, and several companies have adopted it for their household insecticide products. In this report we will introduce the outline of the new synthetic pyrethroid Profluthrin. This paper is translated from R&D Report, “SUMITOMO KAGAKU”, vol. 2010-II. Introduction In response to the heightened recent trend toward the control of pests using fewer or smaller amounts of In previous times, when there was no knowledge chemical agents (the so-called “inclination toward the regarding pest-proofing against fabric pests as seen use of less chemicals”), we have conducted an today, the extent of worm-hole damage on clothing made extensive search for, and research into, insecticides and of silk thread, wool and leather was tremendous. moth-proofers that could offer higher levels of perform- Although summer airing was known as a solution for ance. As a result of such efforts, we have discovered a such damage, its effect was very limited. Drawing inspi- new pyrethroid called profluthrin (Fairytale®), which ration from the phenomena whereby clothing stored in possesses outstanding properties as a moth-proofer a camphor wood chest or fabrics colored in certain types while demonstrating a high degree of efficacy against of dyes tended not to be eaten by worms, the protection nuisance pests and sanitary pests (Fig. 1). This paper of fabrics has been studied actively since the end of the will introduce the invention process as well as the nineteenth century. As a result, it has been discovered properties of various agents; efficacy against fabric that certain chemical compounds such as camphor, pests, nuisance pests and sanitary pests; field- naphthalene and p-dichlorobenzene possess outstanding application tests; physicochemical properties; manufac- properties as active ingredients in moth-proofers. At turing methods; and safety. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., we invented and devel- oped empenthrin (Vaporthrin®), which proved effica- cious at a dosage lower than that of conventional F O moth-proofers, and thus launched the product in 1983. F O Thanks to the dissemination of such moth-proofers, F worm-hole damage has now dramatically decreased. F * Present post : Osaka Works Fig. 1 Structure of profluthrin (Fairytale®) SUMITOMO KAGAKU (English 2010-II Edition) 2010-II, Report 2 Copyright © 2010 Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 Discovery and Development of Profluthrin (Fairytale®), a New Active Ingredient of Moth Proofer Invention Process come widely used as household insecticides through- out the world, contributing to a more comfortable living A hundred years have passed since the report on the environment. isolation of insecticidal ester — i.e. natural pyrethrin — Moth-proofers represent one of the household insec- from Tanacetum cinerariaefolium (a.k.a. insect flower) ticide categories. The term “moth-proofers” is a generic released by Fujitani et al. in 1909.1) While the natural one for the insect repellent products that are placed in pyrethrins demonstrate high insecticidal activity drawers in order to prevent clothing damage from in- against pests, they also have low mammalian toxicity sects. Conventionally, natural oils (such as camphor) and but are fast-acting, and vaporize under heat. Thus they chemical compounds with extremely high vaporization have long been used as active ingredients in household properties (such as naphthalene and p-dichlorobenzene) insecticides such as mosquito coils. However, since have been used as active ingredients in such moth- natural pyrethrins aren’t adequately stable in the pres- proofers. The reason that chemical compounds with ence of light and heat, their primary fields of application high vaporization properties are used as active ingredi- have been limited to indoor use. ents is that it is necessary to diffuse the active ingredi- Furthermore, while the supply of natural pyrethrins ents from moth-proofers placed in several locations can be affected by weather because its raw materials throughout the drawers without using any artificial are agricultural products, the supply of chemically energy such as electricity and heat. synthesized pyrethrins is also difficult because the However, although the standard pyrethroid possesses structure of the active ingredients (Fig. 2) is relatively high insecticidal activity against insects that cause complex. In order to solve these problems, research to worm-hole damage in clothes (fabric pests) such as obtain useful insecticides by modifying the structure of Tinea translucens, Tineola bisselliella and Attagenus uni- natural pyrethrins has been conducted over the past half- color, its vaporization property is low. It simply doesn’t century, and thereby numerous related compounds show any practical efficacy when used in moth-proofers. (synthetic pyrethroids) have been invented. Conse- Therefore, at Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., we con- quently, synthetic pyrethroids are now used in a variety ducted research pertaining to the structural modification of product types, including agricultural insecticides as of pyrethroid with focus on its vaporization properties. well as household insecticides, the latter of which was As a result we have discovered the chemical compound the original field of application. called empenthrin (Vaporthrin®), which possesses va- porization property at ambient temperature while demonstrating high activity against fabric pests (Fig. 3). R X = Me X = CO2Me R Due to the special features listed below, empenthrin is CH = CH2 : Pyrethrin I : Pyrethrin II Me : Cinerin I : Cinerin II also applied in areas in which conventional moth- Et : Jasmolin I : Jasmolin II proofers could not be applied: O O · It not only has an insect repellent effect but also has O X high insecticidal and egg-hatching inhibition ef- fects; Fig. 2 Structures of six insecticidal constituents · It demonstrates efficacies at significantly lower of natural pyrethrins doses compared to conventional moth-proofers; · It can be used in combination with conventional moth-proofers; We at Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. established a · It is almost completely odorless. method for the industrial synthesis of allethrin Meanwhile, we at Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., in (Pynamine®) — the first commercially successful syn- the course of inventing a novel pyrethroid chemical thetic pyrethroid — in 1953. Subsequently, we invented compound called metofluthrin (SumiOne®) (Fig. 3), and developed a number of synthetic pyrethroids in- which demonstrates outstanding pest-control activity cluding d–tetramethrin (Neopynamin Forte®), d–al- against mosquitoes, have discovered that some of the lethrin (Pynamin Forte ®), prallethrin (ETOC ®), chemical compound group — called norchrysanthemic phenothrin (Sumithrin®), imiprothrin (Pralle®) and acid esters — possess excellent insect repellent activity metofluthrin (Eminence®). These compounds have be- under the condition of vaporization at ambient temper- SUMITOMO KAGAKU (English 2010-II Edition) 2010-II, Report 2 Copyright © 2010 Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 2 Discovery and Development of Profluthrin (Fairytale®), a New Active Ingredient of Moth Proofer tablished the industrial manufacturing method by which O to effectively produce profluthrin. O Efficacy Empenthrin F O 1. Basic Efficacy against Fabric Pests F We investigated the basic insecticidal efficacy of O profluthrin against typical fabric pests such as Tinea O F translucens, Tineola bisselliella and Attagenus unicolor F that can cause worm-hole damage in clothing. Metofluthrin Fig. 3 Structures of empenthrin (Vaporthrin ®) (1) Lethal Effects on Fabric Pests and metofluthrin (SumiOne®) The lethal effect of profluthrin against fabric pests was investigated by a topical application method and ature.2) Paying attention to the high vaporization prop- compared to that of EZ-empenthrin. erty of norchrysanthemic acid esters at ambient The lethal effects of profluthrin on Tineola bisselliella, temperature as well as their outstanding insecticidal Tinea translucens and Attagenus unicolor larvae were as activity, we decided to also evaluate this chemical follows, respectively: approximately four times greater, compound group as moth-proofers. Consequently, it more than five times greater and approximately eight was discovered that profluthrin (Fairytale®) possesses times greater than that of EZ-empenthrin. From these outstanding properties as an active ingredient for use results we can see that profluthrin possesses high lethal in moth-proofers. effect against the larvae of various types of fabric pests (Table 1). Manufacturing Method As shown in Fig. 4, profluthrin can be produced Table 1 Efficacy of profluthrin against fabric pests by topical application method through the reaction between a norchrysanthemic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EMPENTHRIN Product-Type 18 (Insecticide)
    Regulation (EU) n°528/2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products Evaluation of active substances Assessment Report EMPENTHRIN Product-Type 18 (Insecticide) March 2019 (revised version) RMS = Belgium Competent EMPENTHRIN Assessment Authority Report: Report Belgium March 2018 Table of Contents 1 STATEMENT OF SUBJECT MATTER AND PURPOSE ..................................................................... 3 1.1 PRINCIPLE OF EVALUATION ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 PROCEDURE FOLLOWED ............................................................................................................................ 3 2 OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................... 5 2.1 PRESENTATION OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE ............................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Identity, Physico-Chemical Properties & Methods of Analysis ...................................................... 5 2.1.2 Intended Uses and Efficacy ............................................................................................................. 7 2.1.3 Classification and Labelling ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
    Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • General Pest Management: a Guide for Commercial Applicators, Category 7A, and Return It to the Pesticide Education Program Office, Michigan State University Extension
    General Pest Management A Guide for Commercial Applicators Extension Bulletin E -2048 • October 1998, Major revision-destroy old stock • Michigan State University Extension General Pest Management A Guide for Commercial Applicators Category 7A Editor: Carolyn Randall Extension Associate Pesticide Education Program Michigan State University Technical Consultants: Melvin Poplar, Program Manager John Haslem Insect and Rodent Management Pest Management Supervisor Michigan Department of Agriculture Michigan State University Adapted from Urban Integrated Pest Management, A Guide for Commercial Applicators, written by Dr. Eugene Wood, Dept. of Entomology, University of Maryland; and Lawrence Pinto, Pinto & Associates; edited by Jann Cox, DUAL & Associates, Inc. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Certification and Training Branch by DUAL & Associates, Arlington, Va., February 1991. General Pest Management i Preface Acknowledgements We acknowledge the main source of information for Natural History Survey for the picture of a mole (Figure this manual, the EPA manual Urban Integrated Pest 19.8). Management, from which most of the information on structure-infesting and invading pests, and vertebrates We acknowledge numerous reviewers of the manu- was taken. script including Mark Sheperdigian of Rose Exterminator Co., Bob England of Terminix, Jerry Hatch of Eradico We also acknowledge the technical assistance of Mel Services Inc., David Laughlin of Aardvark Pest Control, Poplar, Program Manager for the Michigan Department Ted Bruesch of LiphaTech, Val Smitter of Smitter Pest of Agriculture’s (MDA) Insect and Rodent Management Control, Dan Lyden of Eradico Services Inc., Tim Regal of and John Haslem, Pest Management Supervisor at Orkin Exterminators, Kevin Clark of Clarks Critter Michigan State University.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,139,481 B2 Sanders (45) Date of Patent: Sep
    US009139481 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,139,481 B2 Sanders (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 22, 2015 (54) ANHYDROUS AMMONIA SUPPLEMENTED 3,796.559 A * 3/1974 Windgassen ........................ 71/1 WITH AGRICULTURAL ACTIVES 3,997,319 A 12/1976 Ott 4,007,029 A * 2/1977 Kenton ............................. T1/11 (71) Applicant: Specialty Fertilizer Products, LLC, 5,210,163 A 5, 1993 Grey Leawood, KS (US) 5,536.311 A 7/1996 Rodrigues s 6,228.806 B1* 5/2001 Mehta ........................... 504,117 6,515,090 B1 2/2003 Sanders et al. (72) Inventor: John Larry Sanders, Leawood, KS 6,632,262 B2 * 10/2003 Gabrielson ....................... T1/30 (US) 7,655,597 B1 2/2010 Sanders 8,043,995 B2 10/2011 Sanders et al. (73) Assignee: Verdesian Life Sciences, LLP, Cary, 8,491,693 B2 * 7/2013 Burnham .......................... T1/11 NC (US) 2004/0211234 A1* 10/2004 Volgas et al. .................. 71 (64.1 2009/0071213 A1 3/2009 Keenan et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2009/0163365 A1 6/2009 Bentlage et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 14/285,272 RU 2051884 C1 1, 1996 (22) Filed: May 22, 2014 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Oct. 16, 2014 in PCT/US 2014/039424, International Filing Date: May 23, 2014. US 2014/0345344 A1 Nov. 27, 2014 U.S. Appl. No. 62/001,110, filed May 21, 2014, entitled Polyanionic Related U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 Theinternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Was Established in 1980
    The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 cation Hazard of Pesticides by and Guidelines to Classi The WHO Recommended Classi The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 TheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was established in 1980. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification, 2019 edition ISBN 978-92-4-000566-2 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000567-9 (print version) ISSN 1684-1042 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Pesticides in Sustainable Tea Sourcing
    March 2014 Unilever Global Guidelines on Use of Pesticides in Sustainable Tea Sourcing Introduction After water, tea is the most popular non‐alcoholic beverage in the world. Unilever is the world’s largest buyer of tea and the world’s largest supplier of branded tea. Our brands provide customers and consumers with a wide choice of plain and flavoured teas, including tea blends with other herbal and fruit ingredients. For Unilever’s customers and consumers it is important that our tea is sourced sustainably, as well as being safe to consume and of the reliably great quality they expect. Commitment Our priority is to provide safe products that meet the wishes of our consumers. We have committed that by 2020 all our food raw materials will be produced using sustainable crop practices, minimising the use of pesticides through integrated pest management techniques, and with due care for the environment and the health, safety and livelihood of farmers. Framework Unilever’s Guidelines on Use of Pesticides in Sustainable Tea Sourcing is designed to drive market transformation by working with key suppliers and the industry to eliminate and reduce the use of other pesticides in tea production as far as reasonably practicable. Under our Sustainable Agriculture Code, we work with suppliers and farmers to minimise the use of pesticides. In addition, we collaborate with independent certification schemes for sustainable agricultural practices, such as the Rainforest Alliance. The Guidelines’ recommendations on the use of pesticides in the tea industry are aligned with the recommendations of international authoritative bodies, specifically: The World Health Organization Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard; The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); The Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
    [Show full text]
  • NMP-Free Formulations of Neonicotinoids
    (19) & (11) EP 2 266 400 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 29.12.2010 Bulletin 2010/52 A01N 43/40 (2006.01) A01N 43/86 (2006.01) A01N 47/40 (2006.01) A01N 51/00 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 09305544.0 A01P 7/00 A01N 25/02 (22) Date of filing: 15.06.2009 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR • Gasse, Jean-Jacques HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL 27600 Saint-Aubin-Sur-Gaillon (FR) PT RO SE SI SK TR • Duchamp, Guillaume Designated Extension States: 92230 Gennevilliers (FR) AL BA RS • Cantero, Maria 92230 Gennevilliers (FR) (71) Applicant: NUFARM 92233 Gennevelliers (FR) (74) Representative: Cabinet Plasseraud 52, rue de la Victoire 75440 Paris Cedex 09 (FR) (54) NMP-free formulations of neonicotinoids (57) The invention relates to NMP-free liquid formulation comprising at least one nicotinoid and at least one aprotic polar component selected from the group comprising the compounds of formula I, II or III below, and mixtures thereof, wherein R1 and R2 independently represent H or an alkyl group having less than 5 carbons, preferably a methyl group, and n represents an integer ranging from 0 to 5, and to their applications. EP 2 266 400 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 266 400 A1 Description Technical Field of the invention 5 [0001] The invention relates to novel liquid formulations of neonicotinoids and to their use for treating plants, for protecting plants from pests and/or for controlling pests infestation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Insecticides Act, 1968 (Act No.46 of 1968)
    The Insecticides Act, 1968 (Act No.46 of 1968) An Act to regulate the import, manufactures, sale, transport, distribution and use of insecticides with a view to prevent risk to human beings or animals and for matters connected therewith. [2 nd September 1968] Be it enacted by Parliament in the Nineteenth Year of the Republic of India as follows: 1. Short title, extent and commencement. * a. This Act may be called the Insecticides Act, 1968. b. It extends to the whole of India. c. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint and different dates may be appointed for different States and for different provisions of Act. 2. Application of other laws not barred * The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, any other law for the time being in force. 3. Definitions- In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires- a. "animals" means animals useful to human beings and includes fish and fowl, and such kinds of wild life as the Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, specify, being kinds which in its opinion, it is desirable to protect or preserve; b. "Board" means the Central Insecticides Board constituted under Sec.4; c. "Central Insecticides Laboratory" means the Central Insecticides Laboratory established, or as the case may be, the institution specified under Sec.16; d. "Import" means bringing into any place within the territories to which this Act extends from a place outside those territories; e. "Insecticide" means- i.
    [Show full text]
  • Method Description
    Methods for Elements Method Method Description Analyte Calcium Copper Iron Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Magnesium EAM 4.4 Spectrometric Determination of Elements in Phosphorus Food Using Microwave Assisted Digestion Potassium Sodium Strontium Zinc Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Lead Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic, Manganese EAM 4.7 Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury and Mercury Other Elements in Food Using Microwave Molybdenum Assisted Digestion Nickel Selenium Uranium Vanadium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Method for Analysis of Bottled water for 18 Iron EAM 4.12 Elements by ICPMS Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Selenium Thallium Uranium Zinc High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Inorganic arsenic, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), EAM 4.10 Spectrometric Determination of Four Arsenic Monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), Species in Fruit Juice Arsenobetaine (AsB) KAN-LAB-MET.95 Determination of Iodine in Foods Iodine Methods for Radionuclides Method Method Description Analyte Determination of Strontium-90 in Foods by WEAC.RN.METHOD.2.0 Strontium-90 Internal Gas-Flow Proportional Counting Americium-241 Cesium-134 Cesium-137 Determination of Gamma-Ray Emitting Cobalt-60 WEAC.RN.METHOD.3.0 Radionuclides in Foods by High-Purity Potassium-40 Germanium Spectrometry Radium-226 Ruthenium-103 Ruthenium-106 Thorium-232 Methods for Pesticides/Industrial Chemicals Method Method Description Analyte Extraction Method: Analysis of Pesticides KAN-LAB-PES.53 and
    [Show full text]
  • The 2018 European Union Report on Pesticide Residues in Food
    SCIENTIFIC REPORT ADOPTED: 24 February 2020 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6057 The 2018 European Union report on pesticide residues in food European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Paula Medina-Pastor and Giuseppe Triacchini Abstract Under EU legislation (Article 32, Regulation (EC) No 396/2005), EFSA provides an annual report which analyses pesticide residue levels in foods on the European market. The analysis is based on data from the official national control activities carried out by EU Member States, Iceland and Norway and includes a subset of data from the EU-coordinated control programme which uses a randomised sampling strategy. For 2018, 95.5% of the overall 91,015 samples analysed fell below the maximum residue level (MRL), 4.5% exceeded this level, of which 2.7% were non-compliant, i.e. samples exceeding the MRL after taking into account the measurement uncertainty. For the subset of 11,679 samples analysed as part of the EU-coordinated control programme, 1.4% exceeded the MRL and 0.9% were non-compliant. Table grapes and sweet peppers/bell peppers were among the food products that most frequently exceeded the MRLs. To assess acute and chronic risk to consumer health, dietary exposure to pesticide residues was estimated and compared with health-based guidance values. The findings suggest that the assessed levels for the food commodities analysed are unlikely to pose concern for consumer health. However, a number of recommendations are proposed to increase the efficiency of European control systems (e.g. optimising traceability), thereby continuing to ensure a high level of consumer protection.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.655,597 B1 Sanders (45) Date of Patent: Feb
    USOO7655597 B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.655,597 B1 Sanders (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 2, 2010 (54) PESTICIDE COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING 4,867,972 A 9, 1989 Girardeau et al. POLYMERC AIDUVANTS 6,093,679 A 7/2000 AZuma et al. 6,146,652 A 11/2000 Gore et al. 6,515,091 B2 2/2003 Sanders et al. (75) Inventor: John Larry Sanders, Leawood, KS 6,610,282 B1 8, 2003 Ghosh (US) 6,677,399 B2 1/2004 Herbert et al. 6,703,469 B2 3/2004 Sanders et al. (73) Assignee: Specialty Fertilizer Products, LLC, 6,706,666 B2 3/2004 HaSebe et al. Leawood, KS (US) 6,897,184 B2 5/2005 Kurita et al. 7,407,667 B2 8, 2008 Zerrer et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2004/0226331 A1 11/2004 Sanders et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2004/0248741 A1 12/2004 Gotsche et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2005/00904O2 A1* 4/2005 Dieing et al. ............... 504,361 2008.0167189 A1 7/2008 Oetter et al. (21) Appl. No.: 12/534,481 2008.0171658 A1 7/2008 Dyllick-Brenzinger et al. (22) Filed: Aug. 3, 2009 * cited by examiner Primary Examiner Johann R Richter (51) Int. Cl. Assistant Examiner—Andriae M Holt AOIN 25/00 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Hovey Williams LLP AOIN 57/26 (2006.01) AOIN 25/28 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT (52) U.S. Cl. .................... 504/116.1; 504/206; 504/360; 504/361 Pesticidal compositions of improved effectiveness are pro (58) Field of Classification Search ................
    [Show full text]
  • The Insecticides Act, 1968 46 of 1968 13/651
    The Insecticides Act, 1968 46 of 1968 13/651 [2nd September, 1968] An Act to regulate the import, manufacture, sale, transport, distribution and use of insecticides with a view to prevent risk to human beings or animals, and for matters connected therewith. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Nineteenth Year of the Republic of India as follows:- LEGISLATIVE HISTORY ▼ Insecticides (Amendment) Act, 1972 (46 of 1972) Insecticides (Amendment) Act, 1977 (24 of 1977) Insecticies (Amendment) Act, 2000 (23 of 2000) Delegated Legislation Provisions (Amendment) Act, 2004 (4 of 2005) G.S.R. 631(E), dated 28-9-2007 G.S.R. 3841 (E), dated 4-6-2009 G.S.R. 111 (E), dated 20-2-2013 FACT SHEET ▼ Sections 4, 7, 8 and 36 brought into force on 1.3.1971 vide G.S.R. 300, dated 27.2.1971 and all the remaining provisions on 1.8.1971 vide G.S.R. 1108, dated 28.7.1971. 1.Short title, extent and commencement.-(1) This Act may be called The Insecticides Act, 1968. (2)It extends to the whole of India. (3)It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint and different dates may be appointed for different States and for different provisions of this Act. Object & Reasons▼ Statement of Objects and Reasons.-In the months of April and May, 1958, many persons died in the States of Kerala and Madras as a result of food-poisoning arising from contamination of food with a poisonous organo-phosphorous insecticide "Parathion" (Falido]).
    [Show full text]