The Appropriation Bill 2003
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Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick -
Developing UAV Monitoring of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands’ Iconic Land-Based Marine Predators
fmars-08-654215 May 26, 2021 Time: 18:32 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 01 June 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.654215 Developing UAV Monitoring of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands’ Iconic Land-Based Marine Predators John Dickens1*, Philip R. Hollyman1, Tom Hart2, Gemma V. Clucas3, Eugene J. Murphy1, Sally Poncet4, Philip N. Trathan1 and Martin A. Collins1 1 British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3 Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 4 South Georgia Survey, Stanley, Falkland Islands Many remote islands present barriers to effective wildlife monitoring in terms of Edited by: challenging terrain and frequency of visits. The sub-Antarctic islands of South Georgia Wen-Cheng Wang, National Taiwan Normal University, and the South Sandwich Islands are home to globally significant populations of seabirds Taiwan and marine mammals. South Georgia hosts the largest breeding populations of Antarctic Reviewed by: fur seals, southern elephant seals and king penguins as well as significant populations of Gisele Dantas, wandering, black-browed and grey-headed albatross. The island also holds important Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Brazil populations of macaroni and gentoo penguins. The South Sandwich Islands host the Sofie Pollin, world’s largest colony of chinstrap penguins in addition to major populations of Adélie KU Leuven Research & Development, Belgium and macaroni penguins. A marine protected area was created around these islands in *Correspondence: 2012 but monitoring populations of marine predators remains a challenge, particularly John Dickens as these species breed over large areas in remote and often inaccessible locations. -
An Assessment for Fisheries Operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands by Nigel Varty, Ben Sullivan and Andy Black BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme Cover photo – Fishery Patrol Vessel (FPV) Pharos SG in Cumberland Bay, South Georgia This document should be cited as: Varty, N., Sullivan, B. J. and Black, A. D. (2008). FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK. 2 Executive Summary As a result of international concern over the cause and level of seabird mortality in longline fisheries, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) Committee of Fisheries (COFI) developed an International Plan of Action-Seabirds. The IPOA-Seabirds stipulates that countries with longline fisheries (conducted by their own or foreign vessels) or a fleet that fishes elsewhere should carry out an assessment of these fisheries to determine if a bycatch problem exists and, if so, to determine its extent and nature. If a problem is identified, countries should adopt a National Plan of Action – Seabirds for reducing the incidental catch of seabirds in their fisheries. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) are a United Kingdom Overseas Territory and the combined area covered by the Territorial Sea and Maritime Zone of South Georgia is referred to as the South Georgia Maritime Zone (SGMZ) and fisheries within the SGMZ are managed by the Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) within the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living (CCAMLR). -
Ecography E7330 Trathan, P
Ecography E7330 Trathan, P. N., Ratcliffe, N. and Masden, E. A. 2012. Ecological drivers of change at South Georgia: the krill surplus, or climate variability. – Ecography 35: xxx– xxx. Supplementary material APPENDIX 1 AERIAL SURVEY METHODS The Royal Navy Lynx helicopter we used carried an external camera pod housing a Zeiss RMK aerial survey camera fitted with a 152-mm lens. Consecutive photographic images (240-mm frame size) overlapping by 60% were captured with either Kodak Aerochrome 2448 colour reversal film or Agfa Aviphot Pan 200 negative film. Our nominal survey height was 500 m, resulting in a photo-scale of approximately 1:3,300; a small number of flights were flown at 600 m, giving a photo-scale of approximately 1:4,010. All flights were undertaken during daylight hours when shadows were relatively short (10:30 am to 15:30 pm local time; GMT–3 hours). The survey flights were carried out during the females’ long incubation shift while male birds were away from the colony foraging at sea. At this time there was minimum penguin traffic into and out of the colony as males were away for 10–20 days (Trathan 2004). In addition, penguin traffic associated with failed breeders was much reduced as many unpaired birds had returned to sea (Williams and Croxall 1991). Thus, on the dates flown, we assumed that each bird in the colony represented a single nesting site, and each nest site represented a breeding attempt. We assumed that a count of these breeding attempts represented the breeding population size. To minimize potential disturbance to penguins during helicopter over-flights, we positioned ground observers to monitor penguin activity within selected colonies (n=6). -
Research Vessel POLARSTERN PS119: 13.04
Research vessel POLARSTERN PS119: 13.04. – 31.05.2019 Punta Arenas ‐ Port Stanley Sixth weekly report: 13. – 19. May, 2019 To the smoking volcano of Saunders Island Like last week, we spent the sixth week in the southernmost area of the South Sandwich Plate, from the back‐arc spreading ridge of the segments 8 and 9 in the west to the Kemp Caldera. The volcano of Kemp Caldera is part of the collision zone with the South American plate to the East. A look to our expedition logo shows symbolically the spreading ridge on the left and flowing to the right the volcanoes, fore‐arc area and subduction zone. The weather conditions, which denied from Sunday to Tuesday morning further dives, permitted not until Tuesday to dive down with ROV QUEST to the seafloor. We used the dive‐free time for the deployment of other sampling gear. On Sunday, 12th of May, we sampled the deepest area of the Kemp caldera with a 3 m long gravity corer and the multi‐corer. The until then surveyed Parasound profiles over the caldera showed in the deepest area narrow sediment layers, whose mineral and chemical composition in references to hydrothermal deposits are of huge interest. With our corers we were able to sample sediment layers of 230 cm depth, which surprised us by their colouring and diverse sediment compositions. Figure 1: Penguins being washed up by a wave’s high to an Figure 2: Analyses of sediment cores in the laboratory of an iceberg following by a steep climb (© Carsten Zillgen). Polarstern. -
From Wood to Vent: First Cocculinid Limpet Associated with Hydrothermal Activity Discovered in the Weddell
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340844206 From wood to vent: first cocculinid limpet associated with hydrothermal activity discovered in the Weddell Sea Article in Antarctic Science · April 2020 DOI: 10.1017/S095410202000022X CITATION READS 1 425 2 authors: Chong Chen Katrin Linse Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science Technology British Antarctic Survey 111 PUBLICATIONS 833 CITATIONS 150 PUBLICATIONS 4,526 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents View project State of the Antarctic Ecosystem (AntEco) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Chong Chen on 22 April 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Antarctic Science page 1 of 13 (2020) © Antarctic Science Ltd 2020 doi:10.1017/S095410202000022X From wood to vent: first cocculinid limpet associated with hydrothermal activity discovered in the Weddell Sea CHONG CHEN 1 and KATRIN LINSE 2 1X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC),2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture 237-0061, Japan 2British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK [email protected] This article is registered in ZooBank under: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:296FAB17-E989-4921-9E2D-2F8518B2D05F Cocculina enigmadonta n. sp. is registered in ZooBank under: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F15867C-6B73-40E3-B0C9-762F8CFE5730 Abstract: Lush 'oases' of life seen in chemosynthetic ecosystems such as hot vents and cold seeps represent rare, localized exceptions to the generally oligotrophic deep ocean floor. -
A New Vent Limpet in the Genus Lepetodrilus (Gastropoda: Lepetodrilidae) from Southern Ocean Hydrothermal Vent Fields Showing High Phenotypic Plasticity
fmars-06-00381 July 15, 2019 Time: 15:56 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 16 July 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00381 A New Vent Limpet in the Genus Lepetodrilus (Gastropoda: Lepetodrilidae) From Southern Ocean Hydrothermal Vent Fields Showing High Phenotypic Plasticity Katrin Linse1*, Christopher Nicolai Roterman2 and Chong Chen3 1 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3 X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan The recently discovered hydrothermal vent ecosystems in the Southern Ocean host a suite of vent-endemic species, including lepetodrilid limpets dominating in abundance. Limpets were collected from chimneys, basalts and megafauna of the East Scotia Ridge Edited by: segments E2 and E9 and the Kemp Caldera at the southern end of the South Sandwich Wei-Jen Chen, Island arc. The limpets varied in size and shell morphology between vent fields and National Taiwan University, Taiwan displayed a high degree of phenotypic plasticity. Size frequency analyses between vent Reviewed by: fields suggests continuous reproduction in the limpet and irregular colonisation events. Marjolaine Matabos, Institut Français de Recherche pour Phylogenetic reconstructions and comparisons of mitochondrial COI gene sequences l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), revealed a level of genetic similarity between individuals from the three vent fields France Junlong Zhang, consistent with them belonging to a single molecular operational taxonomic unit. Here Institute of Oceanology (CAS), China we describe Lepetodrilus concentricus n. sp., and evaluate its genetic distinctness and *Correspondence: pylogenetic position with congeners based on the same gene. Results indicate that Katrin Linse L. -
Ecophysiology and Ecological Limits of Symbiotrophic Vesicomyid Bivalves (Pliocardiinae) in the Southern Ocean
Ecophysiology and ecological limits of symbiotrophic vesicomyid bivalves (Pliocardiinae) in the Southern Ocean Linse, K., Sigwart, J. D., Chen, C., & Krylova, E. M. (2020). Ecophysiology and ecological limits of symbiotrophic vesicomyid bivalves (Pliocardiinae) in the Southern Ocean. Polar Biology, 43(10), 1423-1437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02717-z Published in: Polar Biology Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright 2020 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:05. Oct. 2021 Polar Biology (2020) 43:1423–1437 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02717-z ORIGINAL PAPER Ecophysiology and ecological limits of symbiotrophic vesicomyid bivalves (Pliocardiinae) in the Southern Ocean Katrin Linse1 · Julia D. -
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2 6 8 7 8 5 8 0 5 6 8 0 1 2 3 1. Introduction 4 Table 1. The largest Marine Protected Areas in the world. Note that different levels of protection are afforded in the different MPAs. * denotes MPAs that are entirely no-take zones. 5 2. Background Figure 2.1. Light-mantled sooty albatross with Figure 2.2. Saunders Island in the South the twin peaks of Mt Paget in the background. Sandwich Islands. 6 Figure 2.3. The Scotia Sea region of the Southern Ocean illustrating the mean locations of the principal fronts of the ACC and current 7 Figure 3.1 Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, a key part of the foodweb in South Georgia waters. Figure 3.2 Schematic representation of the Southern Ocean foodweb, illustrating the key position of krill 8 Figure 3.3 The copepod Calanus propinquus Figure 3.4 The planktonic amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii, an important alternative to krill Figure 3.5 The head and tentacles of a colossal for many predators squid caught in South Georgia waters 9 Figure 3.7 An unidentified anemone from the sub-tidal zone on the north coast of South Georgia . Figure 3.6 Diver in forest of giant kelp in sub- tidal zone on South Georgia 10 Figure 3.8 Nudibranch Flabellina falklandica photographed in shallow water Figure 3.9 A glass sponge, common from shallow depths to deep-water around South Georgia 11 Figure 3.10 The reduced impact areas in the South Georgia toothfish fishery. -
Research Vessel POLARSTERN PS119: 13.04
Research Vessel POLARSTERN PS119: 13.04. – 31.05.2019 Punta Arenas ‐ Port Stanley Fifth Weekly Report: 06. – 12. May, 2019 White smoker and yellow sulphur of the Kemp Caldera On Sunday, 5th May, we arrived at the Kemp Caldera, a prominent crater of volcanic origin at the southern end of the South Sandwich volcanic arc. The caldera, which has an average diameter of 7.4 km, has a depth of 1600m in its centre and has a wide rim with several secondary cones in 800‐900 m water depth (Fig. 1). A younger volcanic cone rise up to about 200 m from the western bottom of the crater. A first measurement with the CTD sensors on Sunday, 5th May, over a known hydrothermal vent field confirmed, that hydrothermal activity was still present. Next to a distinctly increased turbidity, also increased temperatures and an anomaly in the redox potential of the water column near the thermal area was observed. On Monday, 6th May, we deployed a gravity corer and a multicorer half way between the caldera to the East and the segment E9 of the East Scotia Ridge to the West. In the night from Monday to Tuesday, a further CTD followed as well as seafloor survey with the OFOBS (Ocean Floor Observation Bathymetry System). On Tuesday, 7th May, at last we were able to conduct a long ROV dive in the Kemp Caldera with more than 11 hours on the seafloor (Fig. 2). We started the dive at the location “Great Wall”, which got its name from an altered hypabyssal rock covered at many places with either yellow sulphur or white bacterial mats. -
Volcanic Evolution of the South Sandwich Volcanic Arc, South Atlantic, from Multibeam Bathymetry
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry Philip T. Leat, Simon J. Day, Alex J. Tate, Tara J. Martin, Matthew J. Owen, David R. Tappin PII: S0377-0273(13)00255-2 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.08.013 Reference: VOLGEO 5192 To appear in: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Received date: 1 May 2013 Accepted date: 24 August 2013 Please cite this article as: Leat, Philip T., Day, Simon J., Tate, Alex J., Martin, Tara J., Owen, Matthew J., Tappin, David R., Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2013), doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.08.013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry Philip T. Leat1,2*, Simon J. Day3, Alex J. Tate1, Tara J. Martin1,4 Matthew J. Owen5, David R. Tappin6 1 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Geology, University -
Summary Conservation Action Plan for Wandering, Black-Browed and Grey-Headed Albatrosses Breeding at South Georgia (2016-2020)
Summary Conservation Action Plan for Wandering, Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatrosses Breeding at South Georgia (2016-2020) Summary Conservation Action Plan for Wandering, Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatrosses Breeding at South Georgia (2016-2020) For enquiries relating to this plan contact: Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands Government House Stanley Falkland Islands FIQQ 1ZZ Recommended citation: Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (2016) Summary Conservation Action Plan for Wandering, Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatrosses Breeding at South Georgia 2016-2020. Government House, Stanley, Falkland Islands Cover photo credits: Andy Black, Anton Wolfaardt, Martin Collins Summary Conservation Action Plan – South Georgia albatrosses (2016-2020) 1 Foreword by HM Commissioner for South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands Albatrosses are some of the most iconic species in the Southern Ocean and South Georgia is home to globally significant populations of Wandering, Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatross. Despite being well protected within the Territory, both on land and at sea in our Marine Protected Area, these populations are in decline. The evidence suggests that incidental mortality (bycatch) in fisheries outside South Georgia waters is the greatest threat. In order to prompt a change in the conservation fortunes of South Georgia’s albatrosses, the Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands has developed a series of Conservation Action Plans. These plans recognise that, given the wide-ranging habits of the species, it is only through a concerted, collaborative, multi-national effort involving a variety of organisations that meaningful change can be delivered. A number of opportunities for collaboration and support are highlighted in the Conservation Action Plans.