ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

e.uutitfor af d}t Cambrib11t Cambtn e.ocittp of 1839

PRESIDENT: S.E. Dykes Bower, M.A., F. R.l.B.A., P.S.A., Surveyor Emeritus of Westminster Abbey

NEWSLETTER Number 36 April 1992

NOTE FROM THE TREASURER

As members have received their cards of introduction with their January Newsletter, they are asked to send their subscriptions for 1992 to the Honorary Treasurer as soon as possible if they have not already done so .

•••••••••••••••

SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR 1992

Annual subscriptions became due on l st January and, if not already paid. should be sent to the Honorary Treasurer. Miss Moira Thomas, whose address is 45 Victoria Court, Hereford Road. Abergavenn y, Gwent. NP7 5PW.

Members are reminded that the following new rates of subscription are applicable for 1992.

Category London Country

£ £

Ordinary 6 4 Additional household 4 3 Uncler 25 4 3 Corporate 5 5 Retired 4 3 Life 75 75

Subscriptions from members residing outside the United Kingdom are detennined individually, and such members are being infonned separately of the new rates applicable to them in 1992. The "additional household" rate applies to the second and subsequent members in a household; the first member subscribes at the full rate.

Very Imnor(Qnl - Members who pay their subscriptions by Banker's order will need to give revised instructions to their banks as early as possible if they have not already done so. A new banker's order fonn is not required for this alteration but covenant fonns may be obtained from the Honorary Treasurer upon request.

If your subscription was paid by banker's order at the previous rate on January !st. 1992, kindly send a cheque for the additional £1 to the Treasurer and ensure that your banker's order is amended for 1993 .

••••••••••••••• INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR TO BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31DECEMBER1991 31 DECEMBER 1991

1990 1991 31.12.90 31.12.91 £ Income £ £ £

1,497 Subscriptions 1,452 44 (Projector at cost less amount written ofO 106 Donations 160 10,623 Investments at market value 10,151 1,884 Dividends and interest 1,981 3,411 Stock of publications at cost 3,066 Surplus from tours 221 7,975 Deposit with Central Board of Finance of the 169 Profit from sale of publications 160 Church of England 9,266 ----- 1,412 Cash at bank and in hand 3,165 3,656 3,974 £ Less Expenditure £ £~ £~

1,492 Administrative expenses 1,896 Represented by: 55 Hire of rooms 90 90 Loss on Ann ual Service 116 General Fund: balance at l. l.91 22,157 69 (Loss on Tours) Add surplus for the ye:1r 1,559 46 Depreciation of projector 44 Increase in market value of investments 330 Payment for architectural plans 118 ----·- ·- --·-·-- 22,157 24,046 1752 2264 R H Harrison Fund: R H Harrison Fund: Balance at 1.1 .91 1,308 156 Income reinvested 151 Add income reinvested 151 .... __ --·--- Increase in market value of investment 143 1,908 2,415 ·- ...... ------· 1,308 1,602 £1..H..8 SURPLUS FOR THE YEAR £1..lli ------£23.465 £~ Note:The Society held the following investments at 31Decemher1991: Market Value £125 .51 31/2% War Stock 46 2,976 £1 ordinary shares, National Westminster Bank p;c 8,244 Auditor's Report 129 25p ordinary shares, Electra Investment Trust pie 259 I have examined the books and vouchers of the Ecclesiological Society and the foregoing 8,549 Income and Expenditure Account and Balance Sheet for the year ended 31 December 1991. 1,129 £1 shares in the Central Board of Finance of the In my opinion the accounts show a true and fair view of the Society's state of affairs at 31 Church of England Fixed Interest Securities Fund 1,602 December 1991 and of the income and expenditure for the year then ended.

£J..QJ..5l F C Goodger, FCA, Hon Auditor

Michael J Peel, Chainnan of the Council Moira Thomas, Honorary Treasurer ANNUAL COMMEMORATIVE EVENSONG

This year's service is to take place in London on Wednesday 13th May 1992. It will again be held at St. Mary Abchurch, which is in Abchurch Lane, off King William Street. (The nearest ttibe stations are Bank and Monument). The service begins al 1.00 p.m.

Our preacher is The Reverend David Meara, MA, STh, Vicar of Basildon with Aldworth and Asharnpstead, and Rural Dean of Bradfield, Berkshire. He is an authority on 19th and 20th century brasses, and his latest book A.W.N. Pugin and the Revival of Memorial Brasses appeared last year.

A Choir from King's College, conducted by David Trendell, will lead the singing. The service will be conducted by The Reverend Oswald Clarke, MA, the priest-in-charge of SL Mary Abchurch . •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. 1992

NOTICE is hereby given that, in accordance with Law VII, the ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of members of the ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY will be held on Wednesday 3rd June 1992 commencing at 6.00 p.m., in the Guild Church of SL Mary Abchurch, London E.C.4, to transact the business on the agenda set out hereunder.

Linslade Vicarage MICHAEL J. PEEL Bedfordshire Chairman of the Council 2nd April 1992

AGENDA

1. To approve the minutes of the Annual General Meeting which was held on l Sth May 1991.

2. Introduction by the Chainnan of the Council.

3. To receive the accounts for 1991 and the report of the Honorary Auditor thereon.

4. To receive the repon of the Council for the calendar year 1991.

5. To elect a President and Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year in accordance with Law III and Law VII. The following nominations had been received by 3lst March 1992:

President: S.E. Dykes Bower, Esq., MA, FRIBA, FSA Vice-Presidents: J.C. Mervyn Blatch, Esq., Ivor Bulmer-Thomas, Esq., CBE, MA, FSA, Hon.DSc. D.R. Buttress, Esq., MA, Dip.Arch., FSA, ARIBA J.P. Foster, Esq., MA, FSA, ARIBA Sir John Summerson, CBE, BA, FBA, FSA, ARIBA The Venerable G.B. Timms. MA

6. To elect honorary officers and members of the Council for the ensuing year in accordance with Law IV. The following nominations had been received by 3lst March 1992:

Honorary Director of Meetings: Mr. Paul Velluet, BA, BArch, MLitt, RIBA Honorary Director of Visits: Mr. Jonathan Fryer Honorary Secretary: Professor Kenneth Murta, BArch, Dip.Arch, FRIBA Honorary Treasurer: Miss Moira Thomas, BA Honorary Membership Secretary: Mr. John Henman Honorary Curator: Mr. Cecil Chapman Honorary Assistant Secretary (Correspondence): Mr. Kenneth Richardson 7. To appoint an Honorary Auditor under Law XV. The following nomination had been received by 3lst March 1992:

F.C. Goodger, Esq .• OBE. FCA

8. To consider the following resolution from Mr. Kenneth Richardson, on behalf of the Council:

That Law IV be amended to provide that the elected Council may appoint an Executive Committee comprising not less than three of its members to act on its behalf in conducting the business of the Society between Council meetings.

9. To transact any other business.

10. Vote of thanks to the Priest-in-Charge and the Churchwardens of SL Mary Abchurch.

Light refreshments will be available before or after the fonnal part of the Meeting, and members will be addressed by Mrs. Bridget Cherry, Editor of THE BUILDINGS OF ENGLAND series.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 1991

The Council reports that during 1991 the Society operated a programme of tours and visits, published the usual three editions of the NEWSLETTER, reissued to members Dr. Cope's booklet ECCLESIOLOGY THEN AND NOW, and held the Annual Service and the Annual General Meeting. Plans were fonnulated for the provision of improved facilities for the housing and study of the Society's collections. Membership rose for the tenth successive year.

Elections to membership totalled 48 (against 27 in 1990). The net gain was 32 (19), bringing the total number on the roll to 414 and continuing the annual trend of increases which has been unbroken since 1981. There were four resignations and six removals from the roll.

The Council regretted to record the deaths of two members. Canon David Rutter. MA. FSA, a Vice-President of the Society since 1965 and a member since 1945, died in lune 1991. For ten years he was a minor canon of St. Paul's, and in 1965 he was appointed to Lincoln Minster as Precentor. He preached to the Society at the Annual Service in 1982. Lawrence E. Jones, FSA, who had been a member of the Society since 1962, died on 24th February 1991 . He was Honorary Lecturer for the Historic Churches Preservation Trust, and was the writer of several books, including ENJOYING HJSTORIC CHURCHES, A GUIDE TO SOME INTERESTING OLD ENGLISH CHURCHES, and THE OBSERVERS' BOOK OF OLD ENGLISH CHURCHES.

Five tours in the London area were organised and/or co-ordinated by David Vinnels. In February, the Society made a special visit to the W.D. Caroe exhibition at the R.I.B.A. Heinz Gallery. The exhibition was organised by Jenny Freeman, to coincide with the publication of her book on the architect In M.a!:d!. Mrs. Freeman led a tour of Caroe's churches in and around north and east London. Starting at The Working Men's College, Camden Town (1904-06 and extended in the 1930s by his son Alban Caroe), the tour included St. Michael's, Mill Hill (built cl921 to designs of 1911 for a church in Gloucester which was not built, and fini shed in the 1950s by Alban Caroe); the Church of SL Peter-le-Poer, Friem Barnet (1907); St. Bartholomew's, Stamford Hill (1904); St. Bamabas's, Walthamstow (1903. with lavish fittings by Caroe from 1921 ); and St. John's, Stansted Mountfitchet (Caroe's first completed Anglican church, commenced in 1887, continued in 1889 and 1895, with fillings added to 1929). In Am:il. a tour of churches by G.F. Bodley was led by Stephen Humphrey and Mark Collins. This tour included St. Faith's, Brentford (Bodley's last completed church, 1906-07); Holy Trinity, Prince Consort Road, Kensington (built 1901-07); St. Michael's, Camden Town (1 876-81); the Church of St. Mary of Eton, Hackney Wick (1890-1912); and the Church of St. John the Baptist, Epping (1 889-91, and 1907-09 when the prominent tower was completed after Bodley's death). In September. Simon Stokes organised and led a tour in Fulham: Fulham Palace (dating from cl3th century. with Georgian and 19th century Gothick work. chapel by William Butterfield, 1893, and lodge also by Bu11erfield, 1867); and All Saints' Church (entirely rebuilt, except for Perpendicular tower, by Arthur Blomfield, 1880-81). In November, Roland Jeffery organised and led a "Royal Connections" tour in central London, visiting Royal Peculiars and other ecclesiastical buildings with royal connections. The tour started at HM Tower .of London, where the Chief Warden led the tour of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula (present building, the third on the site, completed in 1520, probably to designs of William Vertue; restoration by Salvin, 1876), and the Chapel of St John (early Nonnan); the Royal Foundation of St Katharine, Regent's Park (John Nash, 1811), and St. Katharine's Precinct (Ambrose Poynter, 1814-18); the Church of St Mary Undercroft, Palace of Westminster (dating from 1290, restoration by Charles Barry, then his son E.M. Barry, with decorations by Crace); and the Chapel of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea (built from 1682, extended to designs of Sir Christopher Wren, completed early 1690s).

Four summer tours were arranged and/or co-ordinated by Jonathan Fryer, including experimental visits in the midlands and west which did not attract the support customary on south-eastern tours. Dr. C. Brown, Mrs. A. Williams and our Chairman Dr. M . J. Peel undertook the detailed organisation of three of the visits and made excellent guides. In ~ . a tour led by Dr. Brown began in Coventry and included the churches of Coventry (St John the Baptist), Great Packington, Berkswell, Temple Balsall, Hampton Lucy, Charlecote and Sherbourne. In .AuB.u.£t, a full coach took a party to Suffolk to view churches at Gislingham, Thomham Parva, Eye. Rickinghall Superior, Rickinghall Inferior, and Euston. In September. a weekend in the West Country, led by Mrs. Williams, included visits on the first day to churches in the Stroud Valleys, beginning at Chalford and calling at Bussage, Bisley, France Lynch and Sapperton. Those staying on for a second day were able to profit from the sunshine and the lovely countryside and see several more churches including those of Caine, Biddestone, Yanon Keynell, Dyrham, Kingston St. Michael and the "Kilvert" church at Langley Burrell; a detour was also made to Sutton Benger where Mr. Johnson showed members a "green man" and some unusual monuments. Also in September, Dr. Peel led a tour in Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, starting from Leighton Buzzard, and including his own Church of St. Barnabas at Linslade, and churches at Turvey, Clifton Reynes, Olney, Ravenstone, Gayhurst and Willen.

The Annual Service and the Annual General Meeting both took place at the Guild Church of St. Mary Abchurch. in the City of London, by kind pennission of the Priest-in-Charge and the Churchwardens. The Annual Service, held on 24th April, was conducted by the Reverend Oswald Clarke, Priest-in-Charge at St Mary Abchurch, and the address was given by the Right Reverend John Klyberg, Bishop of Fulham. The singers of King's College, London, were directed by Mr. E. H. Warrell, and the organist was David Cook. The Annual General Meeting was held on 15th May. In addition to the formal business. a talk was given by the Very Reverend Eric Evans. Dean of St. Paul's, and members were given an opportunity to view the Rectory Room and to see plans which had been prepared for its possible use as an Archive and Reading Room.

Exceptionally, it was not found possible for the Society to publish any new book.lets in 1991. but copies of Dr. Gilbert Cope's book.let ECCLESIOLOGY THEN AND NOW, originally published by the Society in 1963. were issued to members with the NEWSLETTER for April.

The Council is especially grateful to those members who contributed to the Society's programme in 199 1, as well as to those who supported the events which were held.

CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE

The Cambridge Preservation Society has asked me to approach the Ecclesiological Society regarding the future of the Round Church - the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge. Having seen the Society's newsletter of September 1991, I gather that you will know something of the matter.

The Round Church had secured planning permission from Cambridge City Council to alterations to St. Andrew's church to enable the transfer there of its congregation, worship and acti vities. The Round Church will cease to be a place of worship, save perhaps the retention of a chapel there, and the "church and hall will be Jet commercially" (a direct quote from the church newsletter). The Society is not opposed to the plans for the church of St. Andrew the Great, indeed it welcomes them. But it is concerned that having secured the future of SL Andrew's, a new problem will arise concerning the fate of the Round Church, a more interesting and older building. ·

My Society wonders please if the Ecclesiological Society is fully apprised of the matter as I have put it, and whether it has any view to express concerning the future of the Round Church.

George Brewster

Any observations members have should be sent to Mr. Brewster, Cambridge Preservation Society, Wandlebury Ring, Gog Magog Hills, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AE.

ST. MARGARET'S WESTMINSTER THE RESTORATION OF ITS INTERIOR

The restoration of the exterior of this church was completed a few years ago, and that of the interior was virtually completed by the end of 1991. All the stonework within has been whitened to excellent effect, making the church seem more spacious and showing off the glass of the windows and the memorials to better effect The Piper windows look remarkably good. It is somewhat regrettable that it was not found possible to plaster the bare stonework of the walls before whitening.

The lighting in the church has been much improved by the hanging of splendid brass candelabra in the arcades; these set the place aglow. In the chancel the triptych (largely by Bodley) has been regilded and coloured, and most striking is an excellent altar table to replace the fonner high altar. It was designed by Peter Foster, a Vice-President of the Society and was first used as a central altar under the lantern in the Abbey where it did not really fit. It now adds distinction to St. Margaret's.

Further work would seem to remain to be done on the restoration of some of the many memorials.

Terence F. Blood

CHESTER CATHEDRAL : A CELEBRATION IN ART

Chester Cathedral is celebrating the 900\h anniversary of the founding of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Werburgh in 1092. The Grosvenor Museum is contributing to the celebrations with this exhibition of forty watercolours. drawings and prints from its collection.

The pictures show in fascinating detail how artists have responded to the changing face of Chester Cathedral from the 1650s to the 1930s. They provide a particularly interesting record of the cathedral's appearance before, during and after the three major Victorian restorations by Richard Charles Hussey in 1843-46. by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1868-76, and by Sir Arthur William Blomfield in 1882-87.

The exhibition opens with Daniel King's 1656 etching of the south prospect of the cathedral. The following sequence of pictures moves around the exterior of the building showing, for example. how windows were altered. battlements rebuilt and pinnacles raised. Inside the church, the famous medieval choir stalls are illustrated. and Scott's triumphant restoration is celebrated in Augustus Lamplough's 1898 watercolour of the organ and choir screen. Finally, the remarkably complete monastic buildings are explored, with the cloisters and refectory (both restored by Sir Giles Gilbert Scali in 1911-13). The visitor leaves the cathedral precincts through the Abbey Gateway, depicted in A. Godwin's etching of 1931.

The exhibition is open 11 April - 26 July 1992; Monday - Saturday 10.30 a.m.-5.00 p.m., Sunday 2.00 p.m.-5.00 p.m.; admission free.

For further infonnation please contact Peter Boughton, Keeper of Art at the Grosvenor Museum, 27 Grosvenor Street, Chester CHI 2DD; telephone (0244) 321616. IMMERSION BAPTISTRIES IN ANGLICAN CHURCHES

A number of non-Baptist churches are now being provided with facilities for the immersion baptism of adults. Surprisingly this is not a wholly new trend and almost fifty Anglican churches in England and Wales were equipped with immersion baptistries between the early eighteenth century and the Second World War. A recent paper by Geoff Brandwood lists and describes them, discusses the reason why they were put in and how much they were used. Copies are available from the author at 28 Mayfield Road, Sutton Coldfield, W. Mids B73 SQL. Price £1.00 each including postage.

G. Brandwood

P.S. The paper entitled 'Plaster, stucco and Victorian church restorers in uicestershire' by Geoff Brandwood, which was reproduced with the last Newsletter, came out of the Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological & Historical Society vol. 64 (1990).

VISIT TO ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, LEE

Members who were unable to join the Society's 1989 visit to St. Margaret's Church. Lee, London SE12, may wish to know of another opportunity which will arise shortly. This has been arranged by the Lewisham Local History Society, and is scheduled for Saturday 30th May, commencing at 10. a.m. The church is situated at the junction of Lee Terrace and Brandram Road. (Nearest B.R. station: Blackheath, nQ1 Lee. Buses nos. 54, 89 and 108 stop at the church.)

St. Margaret's Church succeeds a medieval structure of which only the ruined tower remains. The present large building, erected in 1839-41 to the designs of John Brown of Norwich, was extended in 1875-76 by James Brooks, and subsequently re-furnished under hi s direction to accord with the principles for sacramental worship enunciated by the Oxford Movement. The church has a fine organ (Bishop 1850; Walker 1876 and 1927-28), stained glass by Clayton & Bell, much wall decoration, and examples of work by Earp (reredos 1876) and Wispelaere (stalls and choir screens 1898), as well as some 16th century brasses from the medieval building.

Kenneth V. Richardson

GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL

As announced, the Dean, The Very Reverend Kenneth Jennings, is seeking to remove twelve Clayton and Bell windows from the Chapel of the English Saints in his Cathedral. A final decision in the matter will be taken at the end of March this year. at a meeting of the Cathedrals' Fabric Commission (which has recently rejected proposals for a new library at Hereford).

The Dean has said that he is prepared to offer the windows to a 19th century church, where their date, style. and subject matter would be appropriate. It is not known how many churches might be interested in receiving the windows, but St. Bamabas's, Linslade, has a strong claim to be considered.

The windows have been examined by experts who have reported to me that it is perfectly feasible to re-erect the glass at Linslade. Should the glass be offered to us. it would be my hope that people might like to pay for a window as a memorial to a loved one or as a commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the church's consecration.

The windows depict Edwin, George, Ethcldreda, Aldate, Edward. Augustine, Cuthbert, Alban, Oswald. Bede. and in the centre, Peter and Philip. The figures occupy the upper panels, while in the lower ones there are narrative scenes from the saints' lives.

The figures in the lower panels appear under canopies in the style of the 14th century, set against a blue or a red background. In the window tracery appear angel figures. Unfortunately, a number of figures need some restoration, since they suffer in parts from loss of paint Apparently this happened to windows of the period when borax was added to the paint, and the firing of the paint to glass was not done properly. ·

St. Bamabas's already has windows by Kempe, Morns, and Heaton, Butler and Bayne. It would be fitting, therefore, if we could enhance the collection with the Gloucester windows which could fill the south aisle.

M. J.PEEL Vicar of Linslade

P.S. Since contributing the above item, Dr. Peel has heard from the Dean of Gloucester that he has decided to give the twelve windows to St Saviour's, Eastbourne.

BISHOP TAIT AND THE CITY CHURCHES, 1656-68

The Council are pleased to announce that the Chainnan's long awaited booklet on the above subject is in the Press and copies will be issued to members as soon as possible. Apologies are extended for the delay in publication.

•••••••••••••••

ENGLISH HERITAGE

English Heritage has recently circulated a document entitled "New Work in Historic Churches". It contains illustrations of bad examples of alteration and extension. They advise that when new work is planned the cardinal principles to be observed are respect for the existing fabric and reversibility.

Sadly, in many instances partitions have damaged historic details. They recommend that any essential extension should be simple and unobtrusive.

Government grants for repairs can only be obtained if a parish or congregation agrees to gaining English Heritage's approval for any alteration work. They hope the new guidelines will promote the continuing use of church buildings for their original purpose, but recognise that churches must continue to adapt to the needs of the time.

Copies of this publication can be obtained from English Heritage at Fortress House, 23 Savile Row, London WIX lAB.

THE BIBLE IN STAINED GLASS

The Bible in Stained Glass is a new 120 page hardback book from the Bible Society which takes 120 full colour photographs of some of the most spectacular stained glass in churches and cathedrals across Europe and links them with Bible passages.

Full descriptions of the windows are given and the linked Bible passages are from the Authorised Version. The history and development of stained glass is explained and a special section looks at the glass at Chartres, Canterbury, Ulm and Florence. The Bible in Stained Glass is available from bookshops, price £15.95.

N.B. The above two extracts appeared in the Chelmsford Diocesan Momhly, January 1992 . ••••••••••••••• HARRY HEMS, wntmg in The Irish Builder and Engineer' (3rd June 1905) upon Two Giants, LORD GRIMTHORPE and SIR GEORGE Gil...BERT SCOTT, had this to say:

"It is a natural instinct. I suppose, for each successive generation to think they know better than the preceding one, and in many instances 'that's where they make a mistake!'

"It has been my privilege and pleasure to know personally both the above, and, I fearlessly assert, they were two of the greatest men of their age. Lord Grimthorpe's brain power was immense. He could tackle any mortal thing, and if he failed in his restoration of old buildings he, nevertheless. knew a great deaJ concerning sound construction - probably few professional architects existing know more. I hold no brief in his lordship's defence - indeed, I am 'a party on the other side.'

"For fully seven years I was engaged, under the late Sir Arthur Blomfield, A.R.A., in the renovation of the great High Altar screen at St. Albans Abbey. During all that time Lord Grimthorpe was busy with the general fabric of that grand old building, upon which, during that period, he spent something like £140,000 of his own money. He was one of the most splendid men for labour of the last century. As the late Sir Arthur's client (Lord Aldenham) and the "grim" lord were at loggerheads (for the latter could brook no king but himself), I saw much of him under somewhat exceptionable circumstances. Lord Grimthorpe said very hard things, and hence made many enemies, but he was sound at heart. There was nothing he enjoyed so much as to receive a good retort.

"I well remember, when a matter of angels cropped up in the presence of the late Sir Arthur W. Blomfield, Lord Grimthorpe, in his own peculiarly dogmatic fashion thundered out: "I don't believe in angels!" and dear, gentle Sir Arthur demurely replied: "Well it is not at all likely you will ever SEE one!" That was precisely the sort of answer his lordship delighted in. He could hit hard, but the harder he was hit in return the bener he was pleased. Above all he hated toadyism.

"In this he was much like the late Lord Palmerston. Here is a personal recollection of the latter. It was many years ago, and at Penistone station, one cold, windy. wintery night, we were both by chance waiting for a long-delayed train. "Pam," like Lord Grimthorpe, was a tall, well-developed man, and as he paced up and down the platfonn, was smoking a cigar. Those were the days when the notice: 'Smoking upon the company's premises is strictly prohibited' was prominently stuck up at all stations. Presently, the station-master, a fussy-like chap, came along and instantly said: "No smoking here, sir, please." But Lord Palmerston heeded not. and continued to puff away like a living furnace. Presently the official came out of his office, and, observing his intimation unheeded, repeated the warning with, "You must not smoke, sir!" Palmerston answered not a word, neither did he take the least notice. A third time Mr. Importance appeared upon the scene, on this occasion evidently riled. "I've told you twice before it's against the regulations, and you shan't do it!" he explained. at the same time catching hold of the cigar and throwing it upon the line. We all expected a scene, but nothing of the sort occurred, for the greatest of England's men at that period continued his perambulation of the platfonn, apparently not in the least perturbed.

"But somebody else was presently very much so in the privacy of this stationmaster's office, for there he learned the gentleman he had treated with such scant ceremony was no less than !he Prime Minister of England! In a regular blue funk out he came, and. taking off his hat, said: "I hope you will excuse my rudeness. my Lord; I really had no idea who you were or I should never have acted so rudely. I most humbly apologise." "Sir," interrupted the other, as he looked down upon the now grovelling man with a glance of withering contempt, "Sir. before I admired you as an Englishman who knew his duty. and was not afraid to do it; now I despise you as a CAD!"

"Lord Grimthorpe was just such another character. However much opposed to him anyone might be, he entertained a sincere respect for those who did what they thought was right. and gave him a Roland for his Oliver. In his heart of hearts, he delighted in administering a knockdown and crushing blow. But if he admired anyone at all. it was just the few (and they were very few) who were bold enough to smack him back full in the face.

"Although he spent so large a sum upon St. Albans Abbey, his habits during that time were almost Spartan in their simplicity. He would come down from London almost every morning, generally wearing the same old straw hat, looking more like a hard Yorkshire fanner than aught else; and trudge about the whole day with the late Mr. John Chapple, J.P., at one time Mayor of St. Albans - his clerk of works. Chapple was a clever man. a Devonian by birth, who for years made all his detailed drawings for him and who was practically the designer of the abbey's new west front. At dinner time (for lunch) the stem old gentleman would munch a sandwich and an apple (both of which he brought down with him in his pocket from London), washing them down by a glass of water, and thus fortified, would stick at his self-imposed work until six in the evening, when he generally returned to his town residence for dinner.

"And now, a few words relative to the late Sir Geo. Gilbert Scott, R.A., at once the "gieatest designer and most (financially) successful architect of the last century. To assert that if he saw a leaf knocked off an old capital he would insist upon an entirely new one being substituted in its place is rank heresy and all nonsense. No such thing! He was conservative to a degree: more so, probably, than any other one of his compeers. Butterfield, for instance, was a vandal in comparison. Scott got around him a small anny of some of the most intelligent and able practical men of his day as his clerks of works. If a renovation was contemplated in any part of the country it was his custom to send some of them around to all the country side.

"They visited the best old existing churches in the immediate neighbourhood, making measured drawings of the mouldings and details therein. These ultimately provided the motif for such new works as he was commissioned to introduce into the various edifices in the locality he might be commissioned to restore. Hence nothing haphazard was ever introduced into his work.

"I recollect - nearly forty years ago - a time when he had many churches in hand in the West of England. At his suggestion I procured a donkey cart, and loaded it with a sack of plaster of Paris and plenty of modelling clay and squeezing wax. I travelled for a couple of weeks 'a pied,' going from one old fifteenth century church to another, making therein careful casts of existing carvings and mouldings of the period. All this he induced me to do that I might. with such examples as precedents. possess at my finger-tips sound groundwork for the new carvings he had entrusted me to carry out in various ecclesiastical edifices he then had in hand in this particular district

"Sir Gilbert was an enthusiast who had the gift of infusing the same spirit into others, hence his detail was ever sound and true.

"A few days ago, returning from a visit to Berlin, where I had been to see the new and most disappointing so-called Cathedral (for a stranger might pass it twenty times and never realise it was a church at all) I stayed a few days in Hamburg. There may be seen the Nicolai Kirche (S. Nicholas Church), admittedly the finest Gothic church in the world. Its graceful western tower and spire stand 473 feet above the line of the Hopfen Maikt, at the east end of which the fabric is situated. Scott won the prize in open competition against the best architects that Europe at that time could produce. His two large original drawings - the actual ones that won the blue ribbon - still hang at the west end of the church in question. A couple of days later I was in the Architectural Room at the Royal Academy, and as I gazed upon the best drawings upon its walls - Nicholson and Costello's Liverpool Cathedral, Sir William Emerson's Queen Victoria Memorial of Calcutta, Caroe's Church of SS. Andrew and Patrick at Elvedon, and the like - I felt strongly not one of them were in the running with those two powerful productions to be seen at Hamburg, designed and executed by Scott as a young man in 1846.

"It is very fine to pull the memory of a great man to pieces when he is dead and his work on earth finished; but it is only fair that those alone who can go and do one better should undertake this thankless - I mi ght add ungracious - task.

"The Architectural Exhibition at the Royal Academy this year is indisputable evidence that none exist amongst us who have been able to design, draw, and place before the public more powerful conceptions than are those of the late Sir George Gilbert Scott drew, fully sixty years ago, for the rebuilding of the Nicolai Kirche at Hamburg. and which in their actual carrying out have proved to be equally as successful as are the perspectives themselves."

lei/er from Harry Coles

ANCIENT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Carlisle Cathedral has, in a stained glass window. an even earlier reference to an organ than the one in Wulstan's tenth-century poem which records the building of the organ in Winchester Cathedral. The Carlisle Cathedral window depicts St. Cecilia and Kin g David in the upper parts of the window. and in the lower parts. Jubal (Genesis 4, v.21) playing a lyre to shepherds, and Archbishop Theodore directing the building of the first organ in Canterbury Cathedral. Tileodcre, a Greek of Tarsus, assumed the Archbishopric in 669. The window commemorates Henry Edmund Ford, Mus.Doc. (Cantab), Organist and Master of the Choir of the Cathedral 1842-1909. The window was made in the studio of Clayton & Bell.

Leslie N.S. Smith •••••••••••••••

LAWRENCE ELMORE JONES, F.S.A. - OBITUARY

For his many friends, fans, disciples and "Jones' Jungle Jaunters", the world will never be quite the same without Lawrence, who took his leave of us on February 2Ath 1991 at the age of 84. I am sure however that the angels will be chuckling and the indescribable joy of heaven will be greatly enhanced by his presence there. Perhaps they are even already teaching him to say charitable things about Victorian glass!

He was a solicitor in his family's London Firm, and remained in practice until the age of 80, although he would tell you that much of his paperwork was done on the train as he chased across England to give a slide-lecture, or to preach, or to take a party on an excursion and thus to have an audience whom he could infect with his passion for mediaeval churches. He founded the Friends of the City Churches in order to help and promote those in the City of London, he was the Hon. Sec. of the Friends of Friendless Churches, an active member of the Guild of All Souls. Society for the Maintenance of the Faith, the Church Union and many other organisations. He was for many years Church-warden of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe and of SL Mary the Virgin and All Saints, Potters Bar. He is best known as the Hon. Lecturer for the Historic Churches Preservation Trust and as such he influenced many thousands of people by his lectures, sermons, excursions and his writings. "The Observer's Book of Old English Churches" and "The Beauty of English Churches" are masterworks on the subject. Despite his wonderful encyclopaedic knowledge, Lawrence would never have described himself as an Ecclesiological Scholar - he just loved churches and loved infecting others with his passion for them. Furthermore, he greatly rejoiced in his ministry as a Reader and always tried to point people to the Faith which these buildings exist to proclaim, showing that our churches are on duty twenty-four hours a day and how they preach and wiUless by just being there to inspire people by their beauty, antiquity and atmosphere - silent witnesses, pointing people heavenwards.

So many people will remember him as a wonderful communicator and a great entenainer. One who entenained him as a guest reported, "Weobley, Herefordshire' said Lawrence, having worked his way down a bowl of rice pudding to reach the pretty village scene depicted on the bowl's base". He then proceeded to enthral those present with his detailed description of the village church. It was his passionate love affair with churches which infected people. Everything he said came from the heart and was no mere performance. When I asked him how many hundreds of prepared lectures he had, he replied "Usually just Lecture NO. 1 - they're invariably asleep, so I can always repeat it" They weren't of course, but this never mattered, because every statement was a gem and there was always something fresh to learn. And there were the same jokes (with the occasional new one) told over and over again, from projector, pulpit and coach - but everybody always fell about with genuine laughter. including the likes of me, who had heard them scores of times. The man was a brilliant entenainer. yet he managed to combine an almost childlike sense of fun with that dignity of a refined and old-fashioned City Gentleman which gained people's respect; the mystery which surrounds the unashamedly eccentric and rather private person that he was. and the sanctity of a Man of Goo, who radiated faith, hope and real love. He talked of Sermons in Stone but, particularly as he grew older, was indeed a wonderful sermon in himself.

Sadly the bright eyes no longer peer out from the little stooped figure in the pulpit, or behind the projector, but Lawrence's influence will continue in the many people (and gocxlness knows how many). who have been infected, amused, enthused and sometimes brought gently to their knees because they have been in his company.

May he rest in peace and rise in glory! Roy Tricker

Ivor Bulmer Thomas was so very right when he said at the conclusion of his address at the Requiem for Lawrence Jones at St. Andrew by the Wardrobe that the best thanks we can give him is to carry on his work. It is not an easy task to follow in his footsteps because he was unique and was very much a one-man orchestra! He was one of those very rare and so very wise people who believed that "the only committee worth having is a commiuee of one" and this he lived out most efficiently and effectively as he chased over England to fascinate thousands. The Historic Churches Preservation Trust are attempting to replace him by fanning a team of Honorary Lecturers who are prepared to enthuse groups and societies about our old churches. It strikes me that our Society must be full of such enthusiasts and knowledgeable people who could help in this. If you can offer your time and talents for this vital wcrt., please contact Catherine Wheatley, H.C.P.T .• Fulham Palace, London SW6 6EA.

In addition, I am hoping soon to prepare a little booklet about Lawrence, his wcrt. and especially the fund of stories, traditions and "legends" which have gathered around him over the years. If anybody reading this has their own memories of him which they are willing to share with many other people, then do please jot them down and send them to me at 329 Felixstowe Road. Ipswich, Suffolk IP3 9BU. Roy Tricker •••••••••••••••

JOHN NICHOLSON 1815-1895

Mr. Jim Berrow is engaged in research on the life and work of the Worcester-based, Victorian organ-builder, John Nicholson (1815-1895). Through the Newsletter of the Ecclesiological Society, he asks for members' help in letting him know if they have any infonnation on Nicholson himself, his family or his organs. He is especially interested in un-altered organs by his company, between 1841 to 1866, which still exist

Mr. J.B J. Berrow's address is 17 Wheeley's Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2LD, if anyone is able to assist him in his research. •••••••••••••••

N.B. The views expressed by contributors in this Newsletter are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of the Society or its Council. •••••••••••••••

SUMMER VISITS II II

Three tours have been arranged. Places will be awarded on a "first come, first served" basis. Friends, family and potential new members are welcome.

When booking please send a cheque for each excursion payable to the "Ecclesiological Society". Kindly include a S.A.E. as well as the booking fonn.

Apply to: Mr. KJ. Fryer, 10. Coronation Road. Sheerness, Kent ME.12 2QN.

In case of queries or last minute bookings you can 'phone his office: Sheerness 665324. There is an answermachine when the office is closed.

Refunds cannot normal ly be made as costs are kept as low as possible. In the unlikely event of poor support the visit will be cancelled and a full refund made or a small extra charge levied to cover costs.

In most instances donations to churches are included but extra contributions are appreciated. For additional or short visits offerings are not included but again are helpful to the churches concerned.

Wherever possible guides (human or wrillen) will be available at churches and on some visits notes can be arranged. You are urged, however, to read up beforehand to gain the most from visits. Early applications will assist in making arrangements. Occasionally itineraries have to be amended (weddings, funerals etc. occur unexpectedly) and members' understanding is begged for in these circumstances.

Mornini coffee and afternoon tea are included in all visits

A stop will be made so that a pub lunch can be obtained or a picnic consumed.

Connections will be made with certain raiVcoach services. Advice can be obtained from Mr. Fryer nearer the date.

SATURDAY. 13th JUNE GUILDFORD

Organiz.ed by our member, Rev. B. Taylor. Coach will come from North Kent so pick-ups in that area or cross-country can be arranged. Otherwise meet at St Nicholas' church, Guildford by 10.30 a.m. for coffee. This church is close to the main station and bus station.

Probable visits will be: Pyrford; Newark Priory; Waverley Abbey; Compton church and Watts chapel with route through the lovely villages and countryside of Surrey. Return for tea at St Nicholas'. There will be time for additional sightseeing in Guildford e.g. St. Mary's church.

Fully inclusive price: ill

MONDAY. 17th AUGUST KETTERING

A very interesting tour of lesser k'llown churches has been devised. Meeting at Kettering station at 10.30 a.m. (Present departure from London, St. Pancras is 9.30 a.m.). Visits to Barton Seagrave with coffee; Cranford St. Andrew; Cranford St John; Grafton Underwood; Warkton and Weekley. Tea will be taken at Boughton Park. There will be a visit of the main rooms in the House. You will see tombs of previous occupants in the last two churches. Return to Kettering by 7.00 p.m. with connection to London.

£12 £10 senior citizens

Fares include admission to Boughton so members of Historic Houses Association should remit just £8.

SUNDAY. 17th SEPTEMBER ESSEX

Another tour with some unusual visits to an attractive yet often overlooked area which was suggested by several members. Coach will leave Tilbury Riverside Station at 9.40 a.m. to connect with ship from Gravesend and can pick up en route at other stations e.g. Tilbury Town. Wickford and Battlesbridge. (Present departure from London, Liverpool Street to Wickford at 9.25 a.m.)

Visits to Purleigh with coffee; Woodham Mortimer, Woodham Walter, hopefully Beeleigh Abbey ru ins; Ulting and Langford.

The tour will finish at Rettendon with tea and a chance to view the lovely gardens of Hyde Hall.

Return to Tilbury at approxi mately 19.30 p.m.

£10 fully inclusive

SUNDAY 5th JULY

Another opportunity to visit the lovely church at HARTY, Kent, for the "Flowers in a Country Church" craft fair. Coach will run from Gravesend. Connections will be available by bus from S.E. London and Maidstone as well as by trains to Gravesend; Sittingbourne or Sheerness. Ask for details. ~. ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY \ . ~umssor of tl)t ~ambribg-t ~ mbtn S&ocietp of 1839

PRESIDENT:

S.E. Dykes Bow~r. M.A., F.R.l.B.A., P.S.A. , Surveyor Emeritus of Westminster Abbey THE LAWS OF TH E SOCIETY

I. NAME . - The Soci ety shall be called "The Eccles iological Society" and, where it is considered appropriate, there may be added "Founded in 1839 as the Cambridge Camden Society . Name changed to Ecclesiological Society in 1845 , and from 1879 to 1937 ' St. Pau l 's' prefixed to name". II. AIMS. - The Society shall have as i ts aims the fo llowing : (a) the study of the arts , architecture and liturgy of the Christian Church through mee tings, tours and publ i cations; (b) the publication of a regular newsletter and regu l ar monographs on matters of ecclesiology; (c) the preservation of churches which are threatened with alteration or demolition and which the Society considers worthy of retention; an d (d) the promotion of seemly church archi tecture . III. CONS TITU TION. - The Society shall co nsi st of a Pa t ron or Patrons; a Presi dent ; Vi ce -Pre si dents ; Honorary Members ; and Subscribing Members. IV. COUNCIL. - The Soc i ety shall have a Council which shall comprise the President and up to twel ve other members, and these membe rs may have one or more of the following respons ibilities and designations: (i) Hon . Treasurer; (ii) Hon . Assistant Tr easurer; (i ii) Hon . Secretary; (iv) Hon. Assistant Secretary; (v) Hon. Director of Meetings; (vi) Hon. Director of Visits; (vii) Hon . Curator ; and (viii) Hon. Assistant Curator. A designation may be shared if circumstances require or permit it. Fi ve mem bers of the Council shall form a quor um. At the first meeting of the Counci l after the Annual General Meeting the Council shall elect one of their members as Chairman and another as Vice -Chairman . The elected Council may co-opt up to three members between Ann ual General Meetings. The elected Council may appoint an Executive Committee comp risi ng not less than three of their members to act on their behalf in conducting the business of the Society between Council meetings. V. MEMBERSHIP. - Each app licant shall be considered to have joined when an officer has received a comp leted and signed application form and an appropriate subscription. Election to membership shall be take n to be the date of subscription , but revocation of membership may still be made by the Council at any t ime. Each member shall receive a Card of Introduction for each ca lendar year (or part of a calendar yea r ) for which he or she has pa id a subscription. Categories of membershi p shall be these : Life; London; Country; Add itional Household; Corporate; Under 25; Retired ; and Overseas . Their rates of subscripti on shall be as follows:

Category London Country £. £. Ordi nary 6 4 Life 75 75 Add i tional Household 4 3 Corpor ate 5 5 Under 25 4 3 Reti red 4 3 Overseas: as the Council may determine in individual cases .

The London rates apply to those who live withi n thirty miles of Gharing Cross . A member may subscribe at the Additi onal Househo ld rate onl y if another member of the same househol d i s already subscribing at ~~e full rate. New an nual members who join after lst Ju ly i n any year shall be admi tted to membership for the rest of that year upon subscribi ng at the reduced rates of £.4 (London ) or £.3 (Country) . Such new membe rs who join after lst October shall be admitted to membersh ip unti l the end of the fol l owing calendar year, upon payment of one yea r's whole subscription. 2

VJ. ADVISORY PANELS .- Advisory Panels may be set up consisting of members having special knowle dge in the fields covered by the Society' s aims, and these Panels shall be consulted by the Council through a secretary. The Panels shall act only through the Society's Council and shall not themselves ma ke any public pronouncement . VI I . ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. - Th e An nu al Genera l Meeting shall be held in the Spring of each year, for the election of officers and other members of the Council, and fo~ the consideration of the Societ~'s acounts , and to transact such other bus iness as may be necessary. All motions to be di scussed at an Annual General Meeting must be submitted to the Honorary Secretary on or before 3lst March next preced ing, and they must be included i n the agenda to be printed in the Newsletter published in April. The Newsl etter published in January shal l include a notice for mot ions to be submitted to the Honorary Secretary by 3lst March next following. Mat ters may be di scussed under "any other bus iness" at an Annual General Meeting at the discretion of the Chai rman. Eligi bility for the office of President is limited to members of a minimum of ten years ' standing . Eligibility for the office of Vice- President is limited to members of a minimum of five years ' standing . A nomination fo r the office of Pres ident or that of Vice -President, accompanied by the nom inee's consent in writing , must be submitted to the Honorary Secretary by the deadline for the Annua l or Extraordinary General Meeting at which the el ection shall take place , and any such nominati on must have been endorsed by the Counci l before being put to an Annual, or an Extraordinary, General Meeting. VIII . EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS. - An Extraordinary General Meeting may be convened by order of the Counc~l, or upon a requisition to the Secretary, signed by not fewer than twelve subscribing members , stating the object of suc h a meeting and enclosing the text of any resolution to be proposed or a statement of the matter to be discussed. The Secretar y sha ll give not l ess than two weeks ' notice of such a meeti ng to al l members. IX . ANNUAL SERVICE. - Every year, on a conveni ent date, there shall be he ld a Service of Commemorat ion of past members of the Society, at which those membe rs who have died during t he preceding year shall be parti cularly r emembered. X. FINANCE.- The Treasurer shall hold the current fu nds of the Soc iety, receive subscripti ons , and ma ke all payments sanctioned by the Council. Cheques shall be signed by the Treasurer and also countersigned by the Chairman or the Secretary. The accounts shall be bal anced to the thirty- f irst of December and , when audited , by one or two members elected at an Annua l General Meeting , shall be laid before the membe r s at the next Annu al Gene r al Meeting. The funds of the Society shal l be invested in t he names of the nominees agreed by the Society's ba nke rs. XJ . PUBLICATIONS. - The Society shall publ ish a newsletter which shall contain all t he information issued by the Council . As a rule, two booklets shal l be published each year as a normal return of a membe r 's subscription for that year . A journal may be published at times and under financial arrangement s wh ich the Council may determine. XII. ALTERAT IONS TO THESE LAWS .- No al terations to these l aws shall be made except by a two-th irds maj ority of those present and voti ng at an Ann ual General Meeting, or at an Extraordinary General Meeting called for the purpose . Every proposal for alteration shall be sent to the Secretary one month before the date of the meeting at which it is to be determine d, and notice of the proposed alteration shal l be sent to each member of the Society at least two weeks before t he meet ing.

Rev ised by order of the Council, 1992. ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIE1 6utcn,or of ..,t C:.mbrib;t <.ambrn 6ocittp of 1839

PJlESIDENT:

S.E. Dykes Bower, M.A., F.IU.B.A~ P.S.A., Survqor Emeritus of Westminster Abbty

NEWSLETTER Number37 September 1992

THE SOCIETY'S OFFICERS

CHAIRMAN OF TIIE COUNCIL: Paul Velluet. Esq., BA, BArch, MLitt, RIBA, 9 Bridge Road, St Margaret's, Twickenham, Middlesex 1Wl IRE HON. SECRETARY & EDITOR OF TIIE NEWSLETIER: Professor Kenneth H. Murta, BArch, DipArch, FRIBA, "Underedge". Back Lane, Hathersage, Derbyshire S30 IAR. HON. TREASURER: Miss Moira Thomas, BA, 45 Victoria Court, Hereford Road, Abergavenny, Gwent NP7 5PW. HON. DIRECTOR OF VISITS: Jonathan Fryer, Esq., 10 Coronation Road, Sheerness, Kent ME12 2QN. HON. MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY: John Henman, Esq.. 6 Nadir Court, Blake Hall Road, Wanstead, London El 1 2QE. HON. CURATOR: Cecil Chapman, Esq .. 33 Pollards Hill North, Norbury, London SW16 4NJ. HON. ASSISTANT SECRETARY (Correspondence): Kenneth V. Richardson, Esq., 127 Marvels Lane, Grove Park, London SE12 9PP

MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTIONS

The Honorary Treasurer wishes to remind members that subscriptions for 1992 became due on lst January. Any not alre.ady paid should be sent to her as quickly as possible, please, at her address shown above.

Members whose subscription was paid by Banker's Order on lst Janwuy at the old 1991 rate should, if they have not already done so, send a cheque for the additional £1 due for 1992 to the Treasurer NOW and ensure that their Banker's Order is amended for 1993. A new Banker's Order form is not required for this alteration but covenant forms may be obtained from the Honorary Treasurer on request

AMENDMENT TO THE SOCIETY'S LAWS

At the Society's Annual General Meeting held on 3rd June, approval was given to an addition to Law IV enabling the Council to appoint an Executive Committee comprising not less than three of its members to act on its behalf in conducting the business of the Society between Council meetings.

This provision. which is not an unusual fe.ature of the rules of amenity and learned societies, gives folTTlal expression to a practice which was already being followed to some extent informally. It is designed to help in the implementation of the Council's agreed policies and decisions, and to enable necessary business to be pursued more swiftly. 1be Executive Committee will be a subordinate arm of the Council, acting only in accordance with the Council's directions.

Enclosed with this Newsletter is a revised edition of the Society's Laws, incorporating the approved amendment. THE ANNUAL SERVICE. 1993

We are pleased to say that our former Chainnan, the Reverend Dr. Michael Peel, has kindly offered to continue organising the Society's Annual Commemorative Service, as he has done 90 successfully in the pasL For 1993, he has arranged for the Service to take place on Thursday 13th May at the Guild Church of SL Mary Abchurch in the City of London, commencing at 1.00 p.m. The preacher will be Canon RJ. Halliburton, MA, D.Phil., a Canon­ Residentiary of SL Paul's, who was formerly Principal of Chichester TheologicaJ College.

Please make a note of this date in your diary.

AUflJMN VISITS TO CHURCHES IN SOUTH-EAST LONDON

The Lewisham Bc:.ough Council's Local History Centre is co-ordinating a programme of events and activities in October and November, which will include visits to the following churches in south-east London.

24 October (morning) BLACKHEATH: All Saints' Church (Benjamin Fezrey, 1857-67) and the Church of The Ascension (1750 & 1838-39). 14 November (morning) SOUTIIEND (CA1FORD): SL John's Church; and DOWNHAM: St. Bamabas's Church (both by Sir Charles Nicholson, 1926-29). 21 November (morning) DEP1FORD: SL Paul's Church (Archer, 1713-30); and (aftemoon) :pEP1FORD: St Nicholas's Church (16th/17th cents.).

All events are free, but TICKETS ARE REOUIRED. These, together with further details, are obtainable by postal application to The Local History Centre, Manor House, London SE13 5SY; a stamped addressed envelope should be enclosed. Early application is advised, as these visits are open to the public generally and are not restricted to members of societies. K. V. Richardson

W. S. WEATHERLEY. ARCJDTECT

Our member Mr. Gilbert T. Bell has written as follows about the architect W.S . Weatherley:-

"I have come across a few church buildings which Weatherley was involved in - some very fine new churches as well as some rather good restorations and yet poor Weatherley seems to be almost as good as forgotten. I have thus begun to gather material on his life and wcrl: and would now like to do two things - (a) find out more about him and his architectural output and (b) write a short monograph on the man and his work., the laner being dependent on the former.

"I wooder therefore what information the Ecclesiological Society has on Weatherley at present and if he was a member (he died in 1922)."

Any of our members who has information on W. S. Weatherley which might be of value to Mr. Bell is invited to contact him at 1 Hillington Park. Circus, Glasgow G52 2BP (Telephone 041 882 1358).

CITY CHURCHES AND CHURCHYARDS PROTECTION SOCIETY

Our member Mr. Alan E. Teulon writes:-

"I spend a great deal of my leisure hours investigating the lines and wc:rts of my late relatives SAMUEL SANDERS TEULON (1812-1873) and his younger brother WILl..lAM MILFORD TEULON (1823-1900).

"I am always pleased to hear from fellow enthusiasts. Currently, I am wondering if anyone can inform me if any records exist concerning the 'City Churches and Churchyards Protection Society' founded, it is claimed. by William Milford Teulon."

Any information which might help Mr. Teulon in his researches should please be sent to him at 54 Clarence Avenue, Queens Park., Northampton NN2 6NZ. ANCIENT MONUMENTS SOCIETY'S AUTUMN LECTURES

Membezs' attention is drawn to the enclosed leaflet which gives details of the Ancient Monuments Society's autumn lectures. The theme this year will be Britain's Historic Architecture. 1be lectures will be given on Monday evenings at 6 p.m. between Sth and 26th October inclusive, in the Church of SL Andrew-by-the- Wardrobe in London. Admission is free.

A TALE OF TWO CHURCHES

(i) The London Unjyersity Church of Ouist the Kini

On a cramped site in the south-west comer of Gordon Square, not far from Tou.en.ham Court Road. stands one of London's largest Gothic Revival churches. Designed by Raphael Brandon and built in the 1850s for the Catholic Apostolic Movement.. it is an impressive and lavishly ornamented building though still without its intended 300-feet spire and two bays at the west end of the nave. For some years, the building has served London University as the Anglican Church of Christ the King. In July of this year, the national press revealed a sudden decision by the Diocese of London to close the church because of lack of funds; it was said to be costing £1,400 a wee.k. to run, while the collection plate amounted to onJy £70 a week. A running deficit of that order makes it difficult to argue against closure, but this splendid building deserves a much better fate than this. What attempts have been made to increase the revenues? One may have reservations about the tramp of tourists' feet in a consecrated place, but tourists do bring in income, and it may be wondered whether sufficient effort has been made to encourage visitors. As a tourist attraction, the church obviously does not rank with Westminster Abbey or SL Paul's Cathedral, but it is, nevertheless, well worth a place on the discerning tourist's itinerary.

(ii) Salisbury Cathedral

The Diocese of Salisbury has come up with a novel way of bringing in some much-needed funds. The Cathedral Chapter are reported to have struck a deal with the American-owned fast food chain McDonald's under which the firm is paying for 20,000 "parchment scrolls" to be handed to tourists leaving the cathedral. 1be scrolls, printed with a potted history of the building, are bound with a tape which also serves as a voucher entitling the bearer to take advantage of a "two for the price of one" offer of a Big Mac meal or McChicken sandwich meal at the company's restaurant in the city. An agreed percentage of soch sales will be donated towards the costs of general maintenance and ministry at the cathedral. Commenting on the deal, one newspaper repcxter said "News of the tie-up did not go down well with all the city's bw'ghers."

Memo for the London University An2lican chaplaincy: Is there a branch of McDonald's not far from Gordon Square?

K. V. Richardson

************************************* * IN PRAISE OF CHURCH MONUMENTS * * * *************************************

Ecclesiasticus 44.9 "And some there bt who have no memorial .. "

The following sermon was preached by the Reverend David Meara, MA, STh, Vicar of Basildon with Aldworth and Ashhampstead and Rural Dean of Bradfield, at the Society's Annual Service held in the Guild Church of St Mary Abchurch on Wednesday, 13th May 1992.

Sixty feet below the vast basilica of SL Peter's in the centre of Rome there is a burial-ground: a Roman mausoleum which has been beautifully excavated so that it appears almost intact, j~t as it was when workmen poured tons of earth into it and over it to build the first basilica of Constantine and so preserved it to be rediscovered in the last fifty years. A Roman burial ground within which it is almost certain that the tomb of SL Peter is located - right below Bemini's Baldachino of the present building: but the most moving thing I saw when I visited it last week was a small Roman inscription - not to anyone as sanctified as St. Peter, not even to an early Christian, but to a young boy, just four years, nine months and three days old: a touching memorial put up by his grieving father, in memory of his son, a mute reminder of a relationship broken, a little life ended 1900 years ago.

"And some there be who have no memorial ... " the writer of Ecclesiasticus recognised that there are millions of people who have existed, and no doubt lived good enough lives, but who have left DQ memorial behind them: no physical record of who they were, or when they lived or what they did.

And yet from earliest time there has been a very strong human instinct to record the dead on permanent memorials. In Rome the old Appian Way is lined with tombs, and the Catacombs reveal the importance of commemoration for the early Ouistians. And it is probably true that in no religion other than Christianity do we find quite such a wealth and variety of tombs and monuments to individual people of all classes - not just the famous men of Ecclesiastic us, but even quite humble people, such as Peter Dennot, who plied the trade of glove-making and who died in 1440, commemorated on a brass at F1etching in Sussex.

This care fer the memory of the individual is clearly the outcome of the Christian doctrine about death and the value of the individual: memorials express both our hope for the future, our belief that in death nothing is lost: and also our desire to recocd something of ourselves for posterity, to leave some record behind.

I don't suppose anyone has ever counted the funerary monuments in British churches, chapels, cathedrals and abbeys: effigies, brasses and ledger slabs, wall monuments, floor slabs and table tombs, but they must run into tens of thousands. They are "the legacy of a tradition which fer much of the last 900 years led the upper and middle ranks of society to establish substantial memorials inside churches to relatives and friends, or themselves. This tradition is now virtually dead, but happily a considerable i:roportion of the monuments have survived." (Brian Kemp)

So this afternoon I speak in praise of church monuments, both to celebrate their beauty, their variety and their purpose, and to lament the decline in their use during the second half of this century. My own personal love-affair with church monuments began when I was a school-boy, when on summer afternoons I would get on my bicycle and explore the churches of the Chiltern Hills - Chenies with its opulent Bedford Chapel, Bradenham and Hughenden with their Disraeli memorials, Chalfont St Giles with its medieval brasses, Fingest, Fulmer, Great Hampden, the Missendens, Stoke Poges and Taplow and so many other churches whose names bring back to me happy memories of summer boyhood days. In those churches I first experienced the delights of ecclesiology and the fascination of memorials.

And, of course, being a boy I was attracted by the odd or the gruesome - the brass to Ralph Hamsterley for instance, Rector of Oddington in Oxfordshire, who died in 1518, and who is depicted as a skeleton in a shroud being eaten by worms (great big juicy ones they are too), or further afield the Wakeman tomb at Tewkesbury with its rotting cadaver. But I came to appreciate too the artistic, historical and personal qualities of the memorial sculpture that is crammed into our churches. Fer many years this sculptural tradition in English art was neglected, but fm glad to say that today there is a renewed interest in and concern for church monuments - evinced by the existence of the Church Monuments Society, as well, of course, as the Monumental Brass Society; and indeed our own Society, which has always been concerned for the interier ornaments of the building and which in an early number of The Ecc!esjologjst (Jan. 1845) issued a lengthy article on the approved forms of church monument, coming out strongly in favour of the memorial brass as being "the most fitting kind of monuments that under general circumstances, could be adopted ... " a sentiment that the great Pugin echoed in his own writings on the subject.

Monuments and monumental sculpture afford many pleasures, not least humorous ones: Lord Chichester standing solemnly between his two wives who recline negligently on their monument at Eggesford in Devon: or the six members of the Feu.iplace family at the delightful little church of Swinbrook in the Wind.rush Valley in Oxfordshire, who recline fully armed in their shelves, one above the other, filling the chancel and staring at the F.ast Window.

I could go on at length, in praise of monuments, but I want to end by expressing my personal regret that this long monumental tradition has all but died out; partly because of economic reasons, partly because of changes of taste that were already becoming apparent during the latter half of the 19th century, and partly because of a failure of nerve both by the Church in general which no longer believes in the value of personal commemoration and by those DmY. responsible for the care of our churches and cathedrals. We are afraid today of artistic creativity with ow churches, and we have taken the principle of artistic understatement too far so that only the simplest of inscription tablets are pennitted, and even then only after the passage of a considerable amount of time.

Memorials and monuments are not only aesthetically and artistically satisfying: they bring a church to life and put us in direct contact with past generations. They renew our sense of historical continuity, of the church as a body existing in time and outside time, •that great multitude which no man can number": they celebrate human life and humour and individuality in a way that can touch us deeply even today; and they express our hope for the future: our belief that death is but a gateway to a richer community of love in which our individuality will not be lost, but caught up in a greater and more mysterious celebration of who we really are, in the heart of the Divine Trinity itself.

Chw-ch monuments as the poet Philip Larkin reminds us speak to us of individuality. of relationships, and of a hope and a love that endure beyond death.

They are not obsolete. AMEN •••••••••••••••

PRESS RELEASE

SOCIETY ENTERS ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY THIRD YEAR

Bridget Cherry, a joint Editor of Penguin Books' well known Buildin2s of En2Iand series, was the guest speaker at Wednesday's Annual General Meeting of the Ecclesiological Society held in the Guild Church of SL Mary Abchurch.

Speaking to members of the Society, now in its one hundred and fifty third year, about her recent and current wock on the series and the issue of the statutocy listing of 20th. century buildings, she referred to the dilemmas raised in seeking to provide critical appraisals of modem architectural work, referring specifically to churches of the inter-War and post-War periods, and raising the question as to how long it takes for a masterpiece to be recognised.

During the earlier part of the meeting, Stephen Dykes Bower, Surveyor Emeritus of Westminster Abbey, was re-elected as President of the Society, and Professor Kenneth Murta elected as Secretary. Cecil Chapman, Jonathan Fryer, John Henman, Kenneth Richardson, Moira Thomas and Paul Velluet were re-elected as officers to serve on the Society's Council. Thanks and appreciation were expressed to the retiring Chainnan, the Rev. Dr. Michael Peel, and a presentation made to him on behalf of the Society.

In presenting the Annual Report for 1991, the Chairman referred to the continuing increase in membership and to the extensive range of events successfully held over the preceding year. These included tours of churches in north and east London designed by W.D. Caroe in March; of churches in London designed by G.F. Bodley in April; of Fulham Palace and Fulham churches in September; and of Royal Peculiars and other Royal buildings in Central London in November. Summer visits outside London had included tours of churches in the Coventry area in June; of churches in Suffolk in August; of churches in Gloucestershire in September, and of churches in Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire also in September.

Now in its one hundred and fifty third year, the Society continues to flourish. Events ovez the first half of the year have included lectures on Temple Moore and Calholic Churches, 1791-1914, and visits to the newly reconstructed church of St. Peter, Eaton Square, and to the recently re-ordered Catholic Church of Sacred Heart, Edge Hill, Wimbledon .

••••••••••••••• AN ADDRESS BY THE REV. Dr. M.J. PEEL, B.A., M.Litt., B.D., PbD, Dip.Tb.

In the course of his address at the AGM, the Chairman said that he was retiring with "just a touch of sadness" as he had been very happy to have served the Society as Chairman for the past seven years. He went on: It would be only right for me to express my thanks to the Society's Officers for their constant support and for their pecsonaI friendship over the years, and for the confidence that they have placed in me. For my own part, I thought it best to step down after seven years in office. It is not getting easier to give time to evening meetings in London, while I am Vicar of a busy parish of 13,000 in Bedfordshire. New leadership and with it fresh ideas will. I trust, prove beneficial to the Society. As Chairman, I have tried to serve the Society and guide the Council and give encouragement There have been letters to write about things that failed to please, and letters to receive in reply, puving the wisdom of the writer of The Proverbs, that "a soft answer turneth away wrath." There have been tours to organise and members to meet and to entertain - and what a pleasure it has been to my wife and to me to welcome you to Iver Heath and to Llnslade: Above all there have been churches to explCl'e and enthusiasms to share. There is always so much to learn and to give and receive, and what enthusiasts we are lucky to have in the Society!

During the year, we lost our Vice-President, Canon Rutter, and Lawrence Jones, to both of whom tributes have been paid in the Newsletter. We gained a new Secretary in Professor .Kenneth Murt.a. whom I had the pleasure of welcoming to the Council as a co-opted member. We are sorry that Anna z.aharova and David Vinnels are not seeking re-election. To both we express thanks for all their hard w

To me, it has been a pleasure to have arranged the preachers for the Annual Service in recent years. We appreciate the contribution made by all our preachers, as well as by the choir of King's College. This year's singing was particularly moving. We are grateful to Mr. David Trend.le for bringing the choir and for arranging this year's music.

As ecclesiologists we rejoice in the growing interest in our subject and in the continuing increase in our membership. We exist as a Society to further "the science of worship in all its material developments." I quote Alexander Beresford Hope, President of the Cambridge Camden Society, but by way of clarification, I add that this definition will properly include the study of liturgy, music, hymnody, and all the arts of the Church, including memcrials, as David Meara reminded us so eloquently last month. So we have much to study, much to Jr001ote. We have questions to ask, answers to give; judgements to make on style, good and bad.

How style changes! You recall that last year we sent out copies of our booklet Ecclesioloay Then and Now, published in 1963, because stocks had been affected by damp, and because we thought that more recent members would be interested in seeing what was in vogue in the 1%0s as far as architecture and church fittings were concerned. At the time Stephen Humphrey remarlced: "It seems almost incredible now that such hideous designs could be proudly presented as the best of the time."

We need to be critical in the best sense of the word, and whether or not we believe in traditional ground-plans, we need to uphold the ideal that worship must be to the glOf)' of God, and that good architecture should reflect that ideal, as well as meet particular needs of particular congregations. So as we visit churches, let us keep our eyes open; let us contribute to the Newsletter: let us learn from one another and make ourselves experts in ecclesiology - and have fun at the same time. I am all fa enthusiasts like the late Lawrence Brown, described by Roy Tricker as a man "who just loved churches and loved infecting others with his passion fa them."

We are a voluntary society. To run efficiently, the Society needs active suppa1ers, volunteers who will give time and effort to see that things get done, and if necessary, to be willing to take office. It is your Council's wish to resume lectures and increase the number of booklets, and in the matter of printing, we welcome the facilities that Professa Murta, our new Secretary, has placed at our disposal.

In closing, I thank you all for your continuing support and interest. I would like to thank lhe many Incumbents and Churchwardens who have willingly thrown open their church doors to the Society. I also mention Stephen Humphrey, who is cataloguing our collections, and seeing my booklet on Bishop Tait and the City Churches through the press. Tilen I must express my thanks on your behalf to the Council, whose members do so much in planning and in organising. Fa any failings on our part, I crave your indulgence. We are, remember, only volunteers! It has been an honour to have served you. I wish my successor well, and I hope that our Society will long continue to flourish and bring in more and more who delight in churches, and who would know more of what we call "the science of worship." ••••••••••••••• , "La Cathedrale engloutie"

London Bridge

Almost! There it stands at the Swrey end of London Bridge, with its majestic tower with chequered patterned parapet. rising above the earthy debris of the Borough Marlcet "The Cathedral and Collegiate Oiurch of S. Saviour and S. Mary Overie" (commonly called Southwark Cathedral). 'Sudwexke' then, was no< so much a bcrough as TiiE Borough, a Royal 'burh' as early as the CIO, and the focal point of all roads from the 90Uth and south-east that met at Roman Londinium's only mdge over the Thames - until the middle of the Cl8.

A church on the site on which once stood a Roman villa, existed in the early 600s, probably a nunnery church; then when S. Swithun was Bishop of Winchester, 852-862, in whose diocese it was, tradition has it that it was he who established there a College of Priests. In the reign of Edward the Confessor, 1042-1066, Domesday Book of 1086 ~a 'monasterium' on the site, so south London's Minster!

In 1106, two knights William de l'Arche and William DaWlcey, by the next year assisted by William Giffard, the Bishop of Winchester, founded a college of ~ Regular of the Ordet of S. Augustine of Hippo (named the greatest of the Latin fathers) in line with other similar communities of the Order that had been established; a Priory Church arose built in the Norman style dedicated to S. Mary Overie (over the river, or water), with their conventual buildings on its north side.

Because the Augustinian Rule required of its Religious to succour the sick and wounded, a Hospital was built at its Pricry gates accordingly - London's first Hospital! As in the Middle Ages it was known as "Becket's Spytell" it is conclusive that it was to Thomas a Beck.et, Archbish~ of Canterbury, afLer his murder in his Cathedral on 29th December 1170, to whom it was dedicated and not S. Thomas the Apostle. Some contend that that was in 1228.

In 1123, a similar Augustinian foundation was established at Smithfield in the City by Rahere, the King's Jester, in thanksgiving for recovery after serious illness, dedicated to S. Bartholomew. Today, nearly 900-years later, these two great Hospitals of S. Thomas and 'Bart's' are still extant, and of world renown.

S. Mary Overie, however, in c.1212 was gutted by fire and the Bishop, then Peter des Roches, made plans for its immediate rebuilding which started in 1220, but to be in the new Gothic style. He was particularly concerned fcx- a better site and more commodious quarters for the Hospital. This was built the other side of the highway opposite in what is S. Thomas Street and it occupied the whole of the left side of il They were turbulent years with various wars (the Hundred Years' War starting in 1337 to last until 1453) and funds were low, work was slow, but enough was erected and gloriously, to be ready for the consecration in 1260 of a new Bishop of London.

By 1273 there was still indulgence foc contributors to its fabric, said by then to have been 'for thirty years a ruin', but that may have inferred that the transepts of the great Priory Church had not been completed.

With the Hospital's suppression by Henry VIII in 1540 and its Master, Brethren and Sisters turned adrift, the nursing of the sick poor in South London from 1540-1553 was practically at a standstill. He had promised to refound it as the Hospital of the Holy Trinity, but never did. Representations, however, were made later by the Bishop of London, Nichol.as Ridley to Edward VI who made the Hospital over to the Corporation of London. It was then opened, but with every effort to induce the people to refer to it as "The King's Hospital". This they refused to do, and the name "S. Thomas" was retained by will of the majority.

Reformation monarchs had little love for an Archbishop who had resisted a King (Henry mso the name Becket was pushed into the background, and S. Thomas's Hospital had its Second Founding undec Letters Patent granted by King Edward VI in 1551 - to S. Thomas, the Apostle!.

In that chief nurses at these two London Hospitals were Religious, and so called Sister, the tenn "sister" has come down to us to survive in hospitals today! If one visits the Operating Theatre and Herb Garret in S. Thomas Street, open to the public since 1962, one is in the only surviving e,;ample in England of an ~rating room of 1821, with all its appurtenances. Access is by the square tower of S. Thomas's Church, 1703, of a forme.c parish within the Hospital. The church was designed by, or the work of a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren (a Governor) foc, over its four tall arched windows will be seen cherubs as over those of S. Paul's Cathedral. The church and crypt served as the Cathedral's Chapter H~ from 1905 until its proper one abutting the Cathedral was opened by H.M. The Queen on 9 November 1988. With London Bridge Station being built in 1836, in 1862 the South Eastern Railway Co. bought the site of S. Thomas Hospital fer £296,000. They first found a temporary haven in Walwcrth and. in 1871, took up their pennanent location in Lambeth opposite the Houses of Parliament.

In the old Hospital's operating room, so that its students could loolc down on the gruesome spectacle of operations in those pre-Lister days with no anaesthetics, the room was tiered and oval in the shape of a Greek Theatre; the t.enn operating "theatre" is still in general parlance throughout all English-speaking countries - never an operating-room!

The processions surging daily ~ross the Bridge to the City or, at the end of their day, hastening to London Bridge Stations, seeing out of the comer of their eye just a church, rather sunken, may not realise its purport or that it is a Cathedral and London's oldest Gothic building, worthy of respect and explocation, and a veritable treasure house.

Entering its Victorian nave built 1890-1897 to the design of Sir Arthur Blomfield, the visitor steps into another world and becomes aware of the sheer strength, balance and beauty of its soaring classic Gothic design. Over a thousand years of histcxy are enshrined therein. Men and women of all walks of life, one way or another, have been connected with the great Priory Church: Bishops, Abbots, theologians, literary men, poets, musicians, playwrights and actors, inn-keepers, pilgrims and convicts.

Its fabric has survived fires, sequestration, Civil Wars and, due to lack of any sanitation, plague after plague! It has witnessed the succour of the sick and needy and, in 1406, the pageantry of Royal weddings; also the Black death, trials for heresy, public Thanksgivings and mournings, festivals, great processions. ordinations and consecrations. It has lived through all the vicissitudes of the Refonnation, the Commonwealth, the age of Wesley, and the Oxford Movement, and now holds its own with the increasing modem constructions along the banks of the Thames.

Inside one sees an austere and highly disciplined concept of piers. arches and vaulting; the laUer of chancel, aisles, and retrochoir being quadripartite, are more French than English Gothic. The architectural splendour of its tower piers with the introduction of wide areas of plain walling, are very effective visually. There too from under the tower hangs a just splendid candelabrum, the gift in 1680 of Dorothy Applebye in memory of her husband. In its C13 chancel, though nol very noticeable because of the shafts placed in front of them, but its piers are alternately circular and octagonal as at Canterbury in 1175.

Beyond its quire and sanctuary lies a gem of architecture, its early C13 retrochoir that comprises four parallel naves of equal height, the inspiration of which the architect must have conceived from those of the Temple Church, and the retrochoir at Winchester Cathedral, these though, both having but three naves. Six slender unadorned piexs separate the four naves. The chancel, begun in 1220 is of English, not French proportions, with its sanctuary, retrochoir, aisles, the lower tower, and the western bays of the nave, all completed by 1273.

The foundation stone of the present Westminster Abbey having been laid on 6 July 1245, a fair portion of S. Mary's structure would have been built, therefore, before masons had started on the present Abbey. Southwark's chancel has vaulting with a detail in design referred to by architects as 'ploughshares', found also at Westminster, it can be assumed that masons womng later there may have sailed down the Thames to S. Mary's, seen what was being done, liked it - and copied!

North and south transepts differ neither having triforia nor clerestories, the north one being of la1e Cl3, concealing the Cl2 walls by blank pointed recesses on Purbeck marble shafts; the south is entirely of the Cl4, including the three-light windows with early perpendicular tracery, though the ornate south window is Cl9; but change of fashion then precluded their use of Purbeck marble.

The chancel too has a clerestory with a wall passage behind a stepped triplet arch and lancet windows. The customary first-floor gallery, or tribune, is a triforium (the blind story) or arcaded wall passage - its shafts on the north side filleted and on the south circular - was something that only the most progressive French cathedrals, like Chartres and Reims were then doing - and no English cathedrals! Originally the trifcrium went from the north side to the south side unbroken; in c.1520, however, as with the Cathedrals at Winchester and S. Albans, the Bishop of Winchester, Richard Fox, had a reredos in stone inserted in S. Marie Overie. It was truly a magnificent one with its two tiers of niches with their canopies, all giving the impression of rich solidarity. From 1905-1912 these niches were filled with statues.

The interior's vista is dominated by this great reredos, and the window above it of 'Our Lord in Majesty' to the design and execution of Sir John Ninian Comper (a recurring theme of his) which replaced three lights of Charles Earner Kempe, destroyed in the blitz. Camper was apt at times, though, to pour blue upon blue upon blue! He was solely an ecclesiastical architect, a member of the Episcopalian Church in Sc()(}and, his father a Bishop, and in his very long life (1864-1960) embellished church and cathedral throughout the land with his art., and Southwark's in particular. He visited the Cathedral regularly, his studio being but at Norwood.

In 1919 came John Bernard Haldane as Rector and Canon Precentor who, under its new Constitution in 1937, was installed as the Cathedral's first Provost A lover of all the arts, he engaged Cornper to beautify the Cathedral and ilS Liturgy with the design of its Eucharistic vestments, copes, and banners. In his re-miering of the retrochoir, altars were placed as in pre-Reformation times but with Cornper's design of candlesticks, crucifixes and dossals, and with his beautiful woodwork in separating each individual chapel by screens; these open to admit the distribution by the celebrant of the sacred Elements to communicants kneeling at all four chapels. Compcr saw too to the High Altar's gold.leaf and gold paint, and its great Lenten dossal; the sanctuary's hangings and carpeting (in his colour of "crushed strawberry"), and the embellishment of Bishop Launcelot Andrew's tomb. All this was done in celebration of the Cathedral's great 1930 Jubilee. There is also a window of his in the north choir aisle, and his War Memorial on the west wall of the retrochoir.

Provost Haldane was buried in the sanctuary between the tomb of Launcelot Andrews and the High Altar.

The Cathedral, however, has suffered more than its fair share of wanton neglect. spoliation and desecration; with Calvinist fervour its rood loft taken down, and its organs, the reredos defaced, its old stained glas.s gone, ancient records, books and music destroyed (because in Latin), and plots afoot for its destruction. Whilst S. Albans Abbey's lovely Lady Chapel was for some time used as a school room, in Elizabethan times, S. Saviour's retrochoir was rented out to a succession of bakers, their ovens installed therein and, by 1576, members of the vestry called upon to inspect this bakehouse found it "full of hogs, a dung heap and other filth" - and this part of a noble edifice which, in the 1540 Act of Parliament. had been described as the "fairest and largest church about London!"

Originally S. Mary Overie had a stone groined roof; probably due to buttresses being removed, in 1469 it collapsed, and was taken down and replaced by a flat wooden one like those at Waltham Abbey and S. Albans, but decorated with handsome carved and painted illustrative bosses inserted at each intersection of its ribs. A very few remain of these, the remnant of some 150, some of which of recent years have been used to embellish and most gloriously, the trap door ceiling of the tower, and others are at the north-west comer of the nave. In the new Chapter House's Chapter Room, one was put in as its ceiling's centrepiece; it was only afterwards that it was realised that that which had been inserted, was Gluttony!

At its Dissolution in 1539, the Jast Prior, Bartholomew Linsted was forced to surrender the Priory Church to King Henry VIII, he and his twelve remaining canons receiving pensions. In 1540, in deference to the nearby Bermondsey Abbey being destroyed (maybe with due Calvinist feniour) S. Mary Overie was dedicated to S. Saviour, and its parish united with the parishes of S. Margaret's and S. Mary Magdalene's.

S. Margaret's Church, S. Margaret's Hill in Long Southwark (now the Borough High Street) found itself divided into three sections as police court, a court of Admiralty, and a prison - the Compter! The parochial Chapel of S. Mary Magdalene, built in 1206, had its own parish priest. and abutted the Priory Church's south choir aisle. In 1822 it was demolished and, in 1897, when Blomfield had been denied the position for the new pro-Cathedral cx-gan that he desired, the only place left was where the Chapel had been, and he designed a chamber for it, of which its dimensions had the approval of Thomas Christopher Lewis, organ builder and bellfounder, of Lewis & Co. Ltd., the organ builders.

It was in the retrochoir that, other than foc the Opus Dei, it found use fcx- other reasons! In Tudor times news reaching the ears of those in high places of the slightest report of heresy, be they of simple folk, even of the simple­ minded, or high-ranking ecclesiastics, if the charges were proven, they were burnt at a stake.

In 1541 the esteemed composer John Meroecke (c.1510-c.1575) a former chorister, and now Organist of S. George's Chapel, Windsor, with others which included even a chorister, Robert Testwood, were accused of heretical beliefs that threatened to reach the ears of Henry vm. They were, therefore, reported to Bishop Stephen Gardiner of Winchester. Merbecke's was over an English Concordance, a colossal task he had undertaken, already completed down to the letter L, discovered amongst his papers. He was first sent to the Marshalsea (the same Prison in which Dicken's father was held for debt) to be at hand foc closer questioning by Gardiner, who liked his music and was anxious, if possible, to save him.

Further examinations ensued, one of which took place at Winchester House before an assembly of Bishops; not only were they interested in his concordance but impresssed with his methods. Although Merbecke knew no Latin, nevertheless, with a Latin Concordance and an English Bible had achieved what he had. In an atmosphere reported as having been very friendly, he was able to acquit himself well on any wocd suggested by them from the rest of the alphabet.. the clerics impressed with his erudition and diligence. Gardiner, obviously liking him, just severely reprimanded him, advising him not to meddle with things that did 00( concmi him, like the scriptures, but to keep to his vocation, music - for his own good! He returned to the Marshalsea a bit encouraged.

A few weelcs later he was summoned before a consistory court set up in the retrochoir of S. Mary Overie, befcre the Bishop of Salisbury and Gardiner's secretary, the Bishop studying a copy of an epistle of Calvin Merbecke had written out. he to be interrogated on its heretical statements. Merbecke pointed out that such had been written before the Act of Six Articles had been passed, even so, he would 00( have been saved from sentence there and then had not Gardiner greatly esteemed his music.

Some months later he was returned to Windsor to stand further trial with all the other smpects there, and condemned to death. 1bat there was a 24-hour stay of execution for Gardiner to be informed resulting in a pardon for him alone, can only be attributed to Gardiner's attitude towards him, and the love he had of his music. Such a pardon could not have been issued without the King's sanction, he also esteeming Merbecke as a musician, and so it was so. 1lle next day Merbecke, though, saw all his fellow-prisoners, including the chorister Robert Testwood., go to the stake.

Later, in 1555, another consistory court was set up, again with Gardiner, then 72 and a sick man, in the north-east bay of the retrochoir, assisted by the Bishop of London, twelve other bishops and legal officials to enforce Queen Mary's heresy laws against any holding protestant convictions; the seven accused included the formex Bishop of Gloucester, the Bishop of S. David's, and other church dignitaries; they were all proven guilty and handed ovex to be burnt. Executions were carried out ovex the course of the next two years. 1beir names: John Hooper, John Gardiner, Rowland Taylor, John Rogers, John Card.maker, John Bradford, Lawrence Sanders, and John Ferrar, are numbered amongst other martyrs.

After the consistory, Gardiner very ill, died the same year shortly afterwards at his Whitehall lodgings, his body taken in the small hours speedily to Southwark, and before daybreak disembowled and his entrails burnt before the high Altar.

Winchester House, where these Bishops resided from 1107 to 1616, and set in its own park (Park Street and Winchester Square in the propinquity of the Cathedral remind us of it) was close to the Clink in the ~nt Clink Street whose onomatopoeic title needs no explanation, and being founded 850 AD (closed 1780) London's first Prison. All led to Bankside where, within the Liberty of the Clink, the most notorious of the three Southwark Liberties, and where the arm of the law could 00( touch malefactors. With the outbreak of the Civil Wars in 1642 to 1651, the Bishops' palace was first used as a pison, and then allowed to fall into decay. All that remains of it now is part of the great hall with its beautiful bricked-up rose-window seen not a minute's stroll from the Cathedral's west end. ln 1614 the parishioners bought S. Saviour's from King James I; it transpired that so many thronged to hear its appointed "Preaching Chaplains" that in 1615 galleries were set up either side of the nave and chancel, great box­ pews installed (and rented according to that state of life, unto which it should have pleased God to have called them) and a lofty pulpit placed where the present one stands. By 1703 the Tudor reredos was treated with contempt; a large classical wooden screen with the Creed, Lord's Prayer and Decalogue, figures of Moses and Aaron, cherubim and blazing urns, was placed into position, canopies of the ancient niches torn down, holes drilled in the medieval stone-work, and this symbol of Cl? pure Christianity displayed.

1n 1705 Abraham Jordan built a very fine organ with equally magnificent carved-oak case, its first instrument since the Restoration times. It stood on a gallery that divided the nave into two, the back of the organ boarded in right up to the vaulting; a doorway beneath gave access to the west end. 1lle case was extremely lofty for it had a prospect of three 'towers' that contained gilded pipes of 16ft pitch, the only other one in the land with such a stop being the lti65 one at Exeter Cathedral. Standing on top of the three towers were the carved figures of King David with his harp, and the two "fames" holding trumpets that now adorn the sills of the great west end window.

Naturally, Jcx-dan's organ was added to in the course of years, and in 1841 its pipework manipulated to get the instrument into a disreputable new nave, its case jettisoned in favour of an inferior one. In 1890, there being no bidder, this fine 185-year old instrument was taken down and broken up.

S. Saviour's far eastern Little Lady Chapel, or Bishop's Chapel where in 1626, Launcelot Andrewes had been lain to rest. projected eastwards from the retrochoir to the same depth as same, due to misguided religious fervour suffered extensively from an arson attack in 1676 at the hands of an Irish mob. With the advent in 1830 of John Rennie's new London Bridge, and its high level approach and encroachment upon the Priory Church, this chapel was demolished. 1bat year too, the roof of the medieval nave found to be in a precarious state, and money fer its repair not forthcoming, it was taken down, the main part of the church, thus, left open to the sides; the masonry unprotected and at the mercy of all weathm fer nine years to 1839, that too was demolished.

On its site in 1841, this new nave, a mean and flimsy neo-Gothic structure was erected as a substitute which caused the architect A.W .N. Pugin, never short of words, with his intense love of beautiful Gothic architecture, to describe such "as vile a preaching-place as ever disgraced the Cl9". It contained high pews, galleries, and a "three-decker" pulpit. its east end re.5ting against the western pim of the tower, and ~h was frcxn the south transept. the worshippers having to climb staircases by the south-west tower pier. Its floor being considerably higher than the old nave's, Augustus Pugin compared these "staircases on stilts" with "those one would ascend to a booth on a race course!" Curiously, no architect's name, engraving or photograph of this edifice seems to be available.

These were times but shortly after the days when the great church was deemed to be, "cold, damp, uncomfortable and unhealthy: a church so spacious that the voice of the minister is frequently inaudible except to those immediately around him: a church which at the expiration of half a century will perhaps be tumbling about your heads", the retention of which was referred to as "S. Saviour's Folly!"

The name George Gwilt will ever remain as the one who, from c.1820 onwards, as the leader of the "antiquarians" with his enthusiasm and perspicacity, won for them against his opponents with their unsavoury i:ropaganda, bent on having the church tom down. As a skilled architect he went into action, first to save the tower from collapse, the repair of the ttansepts, and then the retrochoir. Fer better er for worse, with his love of all Gothic architecture, and of S. Saviour's in particular, he was prompted to replace the Bishop Fox Tudor windows above the reredos with one of three lights, as we see today. Fittingly, his tomb, enclosed by railings, lies just outside the retrochoir that he saved for posterity.

One can speculate too that in those years, in a Parish of decidedly very evangelical persuasion, saddled with a large Pricry Church that "stunk of monasticism", quite a few would have desired its replacemenL

Both before and post-Reformation, S. Saviour's has been identified with the famed, starting with John Gower, c.1330-1408, a Kentish squire. He was a generous benefactor to the Priory Church, living within its precincts, rather eclipsed by Chaucer but, nevertheless, he was the very first English poet to write in English, as well as in Latin or French. He and Chaucer read for the Bar at the Temple, where they met. He rests in the north aisle on a recessed tomb-chest of 1408 under a simple canopy of three cusped ogee arches, his head lying on representations of each of his three great poems, "Speculum Meditantis" (or "Le Mirour de l'Omme") written in French, "Vox Clamantis" written in Latin, and "Confessio Amantis" written in English. The inscription extols him as, "Angl. poeta cereberrimus". If at his feet rests a lion, its appearance would suggest that its artist had never seen one!.

Late.r, with extensive population growth, diocesan boundaries had to be reorganised and so, in 1877, the great Pricry Church saw ilS ttansfer from the see of Winchester to that of Rochester, and with ideas even then afoot for a diocese of Southwark with S. Saviour's its Cathedral, the contentious 1841 nave was doomed.

With the Eliz.abethan Bankside theatres in the parish of S. Saviour's, and its propinquity, its dramatists would have attended iL On 31 Decembez 1607 William Shakespeare's actor-brother Edmund was buried in the chancel "with a forenoone knell of the great bell". Will was a Londoner in everything but birth and death. His 1912 memorial in the nave, facing Gower's, of a recumbent alabaster figure in relief, by Henry V. McCarthy of Camberwell, has a background depicting Wincheste.r House, the tower of S. Saviour's, the Globe Playhouse, and the Southwark entrance to the London Bridge of 1176-1825, with the heads of executed traitors displayed on poles above as a warning. The Shakespeare window by Christophe.r Webb replaced the original destroyed by blast in the blitz.

Managers, playwrighlS and actors with Shakespeare, who would have attended church included: Ben Jonson, Edward Alleyn, Francis Beaumont and Edward Philips; Philip Henslowe, who became a churchwarden, is buried in the church; and John Fletcher and Philip Massinger are together in a single grave at the request of Massinger who survived his friend

Launcelot Andrewes, 1555-1626, Bishop of Wincheste.r, the last to reside in Winchest.et House, was a realous high­ churchman of great piety, author of the book of devotions "Preces Privatae", a man of extensive learning, oratory and diplomacy, and regarded by his contemporaries as an unrivalled preacher, was chairman of the committee that produced the translation of the King James' Bible, known to posterity as the Authorized Version. His effigy in the Garter robes, reslS in the sanctuary on the south side of the High Altar. John Harvard, who bequeathed 260 books and £AOO to found a College in Newtowne, Massachusetts, shortly afterwards established (the place renamed Cambridge, and the College called Harvard after him) was a Southwark boy, baptized in the Priory Church in 1607. A Harvard Chapel on the site of the former chapel of S. John the Evangelist., east of the north transept. was built in the Gothic style to the design of C.R. Blomfield (son of Sir Arthur) the cost borne by members of Harvard University. Its north-east come.r has traces of the C12 fabric. In 1975 its interior was re-orientated and refurbished, and in 1971 with Reservation of the Blessed Sacrament in a magnificent tabernacle resting against its north wall, the work of Augustus Pugin of 1851, that came from the Church of S. Augustine's, Ramsgate, designed by him, and now defunct

Thomas Guy, as was Sir Christopher Wren, was a Governor and benefactor of S. Thomas Hospital. He speculated successfully in South Sea stock before others similarly later fell victim to the "South Sea Bubble" financial crash of the 1720s. There were other dealings, some a bit shady but, in his old age, to remedy the Hospital's overcrowding, sank his considerable fortune to found his own Hospital opposite S. Thomas's, engaging the architect Thomas Dance. He lived to see its first wing compl~ but not its first 60 patients, dying in 1724. "Guy's Hospital" is famed throughout the world.

The Cathedral's font is by Gecrge F. Bodley; its carved-oak cover, in memory of Canon Rhodes Bristowe, the pro­ Cathedral's first Missioner, and a much-loved and leading evangelical, was designed by Walter Hare, made by 'Thompson of Peterborough. Of recent years it has been moved from its position in the rather dad: south-west comer of the nave to the centre and embellished with colOW".

Other treasures include a handsome Nonsuch Chest, probably given in 1588 to contain parish records of that Armada ye.ar, and stands in the retrochoir. In the north transept is a magnificent Jacobean inlaid altar table, its middle rail supporting eight balusters carrying pierced arches, and richly ornamented with cherubs' beads. A tessellated pavement from the Roman house on the site, found in the churchyard, is at the entrance to the south choir aisle.

The church possesses a Pieta, small but with whole figures, painted by Garofalo, a Ferrare.5e artist of the e.arly C 16. Also, safely away, are C17 brass candlesticks, probably Italian; a large 1664 Flagon; 1689 Chalices and Paten; a foreign Cl7 Chalice; and a Pendant of an encased carved fruit-stone credited to have belonged to Launcelot Andrewes. 'The quantity gives one some idea of what the destruction of so many monastic churches in London has lost to us.

There are interesting monuments too of a quantity not shared by so many other London monastic churches; in the north choir aisle, a C13 tapering coffin lid with foliated cross: and a 1275 effigy of a knight lying cross-legged, who may have been a member of the de Warenne family; they were generous benefactors to the Church, and which is one of the earliest wooden effigies in England. Near by is a "Gisant" or emaciated corpse in a shroud. The Richard Humble monument of 1616, with his two wives, a very keen parishioner and vestry-man: he and his, hardly lived up to their name, in death occupying one of the most prodigious positions available - between the chancel and north choir aisle!

The John Treheame and Wife of 1616, a standing wall monument with two frontal three-quarter figures, graces the north choir aisle. He was a trustee of the Church and holds the inscription plate with convincing gesture.

The north choir aisle also has mid-Victorian glass: one of 1867 by the entrance to the Harvard Chapel, probably in the style of Gerente, the gift of Samuel Benson a young curate of S. John's, Horsley Down, transferred to S. Saviour's in 1823, and a devoted priest there foc 60-years: and the John Ellis window (ob.1856) very much in the style of Ward & Hughes. Then comes light with the 1929 Comper one to George Wood with the artist's signed logo of strawberries. Before reaching the retrochoir is a beautiful 'Virgin and Child' from John Harman Studios; and the Samuel Mumford-Taylor one, a beloved Bishop of Kingston and colleague of Edward Talbot in his Leeds' days. It is the wock of James Powell & Sons of Whitefriars.

The north transept's treasure in monuments is the magnificent allegorical one on its west wall to Joyce Austin (afterwards Lady Clarke) of 1633, with its pastoral embellishments, which is most rewarding; others include Lionel Loclcyer, semi-reclining, gaunt face, full wig; a quack dispense.r of dubious pills who, notwithstanding his claim for them to be the panacea for all ills, died in 1672; and Richard Blisse, 1703, claims a large epitaph with lively full­ wigged bust under looped-up drapery.

Opposite in the south transept one is welcomed by the blaze of colour of, on the left against its vaulting pier, the Arms of Cardinal Beaufort who died in 1447, surmounted by his hat and on the otht>A wall is William Emerson, with the proud record of having lived and died in 1575 an honest man, found its first resting place in S. Mary Magdalene' chapel, used very much for that purpose; his is a miniature recumbent effigy on a mat rolled up under his head; also an emaciated corpse. John Bingham, a keen parochial figure and devoted churchman, ob. 1625, is commemorated by epitaph with a frontal demi-figure in an arched recess; Richard Bunfield, another worthy with epitaph, but with a pocrly carved frontal bust in C17 costume: and Thomas Cole, 1715, his epitaph has three delightful cherub heads.

The Revd. Thomas Jones, 1710, was a man of delicate health, dying at the age of 33, but of fervent spirit, an earnest disciple of John Wesley, Olaplain at S. Saviour's for nine years, and a harbinger of the Evangelical revival of the last century to counter the spiritual starvation of the "labouring poor"; his striking bust is by W. Tyler; John Harris, ob. 1830, is in a spandrel of the main blank arches.

In the nave, Susannah Perkins, 1851, by S. Manning, would example how long the style of c.1800, with the standard IDOWlling allegorical females, lingered on.

One of the most munificent of benefactors to the Cathedral was Sir Frederick Wigan (1827-1907), humble but distinguished, whose name is perpetuated by a request in 1899 whereby twelve of the Collegiate Church's choristers known as "Wigan Owlters" were maintained at S. Olave's and S. Saviour's Grammar School Foundation, then in Tooley Street (it moved out to Orpington in 1968). They still wear their distinctive enamelled badges, but the funds were sadly depreciated during the 1914-1918 War.

A glance around the Cathedral will indicate how, in the course of latter years, there has been a systematic and superlative renovation of its monuments, much enhancing its interior, of which Joyce Austin's in the north transept is a classic example.

Recent acquisitions have been a gift from Patriarch Justinian of Romania of an icon of Christ that is near the nave altar of 1976, and in 1989, the wOtk of Peter Ball, a statue of the Virgin and Child.

Blomfield, from his fust church, S. Paul's, Shoreditch, in 1861, a highly esteemed ecclesiastical architect (son of the Bishop of London) was entrusted with the designing of the new nave of the Collegiate church, which he based on its Gothic chancel. and scrupulously preserving the fragments that remained of the ancient fabric, the C13 arcading of which can be seen at its south-west wall. Included in his scheme were the remains of the two Nonnan doorways in the north aisle that led into the cloisters. The nave is not terribly inspiring in itself but which, nevertheless, against the ancient fabric, does create an integral interior.

Respecting the criginal plan by building new pie.rs on the old foundations, and alternately round and octagonal, he perpetuated the captivating characteristic of the 1106 monastic church of a nave slightly out of line with its chancel; this was purposely done (such being alluded to as a "weeping chancel"), symbolising Our Lord's Head on the side on the Cross - it is not peculiar to Southwark.

The small windows at the west end depicting S. Swithun and S. Augustine are complemented by a whole cavalcade of personages in the north aisle touching the Parish: Oliver Goldsmith, Samuel Johnson, Henry Sachevezell, Alexander Cruden, John Bunyan, John Gower and Geoffrey Chaucer, of which only the Goldsmith and the two lights over the Gower tomb (made by C.E. Kempe & Co. Ltd. after the artist's death) were not made in the Kempe Studios of Charles Earner Kempe (1837-1907), the supreme artist of Victorian glass from the 1860s onwards. The collection thus is unique.

A treasured Memorial where the font used to stand is that to the fifty-one victims of the sinking by collision of the "Marchioness" disaster on the Thames in 1989.

The figures on the reredos reflect Christianity and the many associated or involved with Southwark or Bermondsey from ancient times, starting with the central figure of Our Lord, S. Saviour, reigning in Glory, surrounded by angels; underneath is the Blessed Virgin Mary to reflect on the church's former dedication to her.

The upper tier from the left depicts: Bishop Thoroki, wearing the robe of Oumcellcx of the Order of the Garter, the instigator of Blomfield's nave; S. Olave (King Olaf) who fought the Danes at the Battle of London Bridge in 1014, holds the axe and shield of a Northman Warricr, William of Wykeham, who became Bishop of Winchester in 1366, founding New College, Oxford and Winchester College, at his feet the w~: "Manners makeyth Man" of the latter, Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester in 1404, Cardinal by 1417, credited with having built the south transept; and S. Paul, as one of pre-eminence in Christian history.

On the right: S. Augustine of Hippo, the patron saint of the Canons Regular of the Order, holding a copy of his Confessions; Bishop William Gifford, credited with being the builder of the 1106 Noonan church; Prior Aldgod, S. Mary Overie's fust Pricx- wearing the habit of the "Black Canons"; S. Justus of Rochester, their first bishop, translated to Canterou.ry; and Edward Talbot. Southwark's first bishop in 1905, translated to Winchester; from the studio of the late Stirling Lee.

The lower row depicts: Prebendary John Rogers, Vicar of S. Sepulcha's, Holbom, one of the seven 1555 martyrs; S. Swithun, Bish~ of Winchester 852-861 who established the College of Priests, holding the bridge he built over the river ltchen; S. Thomas of Canterbury, whose death in 1170 prompted the great pilgrimages to his shrine, so immortalized by Chaucer; S. Margaret of Antioch, to whom early English Christians dedicated 250 churches; she stands on a stone bracket carved with the initials "R.W." standing more likely fer Richard Wintoniensis (Bishop Fox) rather than, as has been suggested, Robert Wallace who earlier in the last century had a hand in renovating the reredos; then comes S. Peter, the Apostle, as Prince of the Apostolic band, holding the keys and a book of his epistles.

On the right S. John the Evangelist to whom the Harvard Chapel is dedicated: S. Mary Magdalene, in deference to the (i()()-year old chapel dedicated to her that lasted to 1822; John Gower, the poet; Bishop Peter des Roches holding the Charter sanctioning him to build the 1206 church; and Dr. Randall Davidson who, as Bishop of Rochester (laler translated to Winchester and then Canterbury), preached at the re-opening of the Collegiate Church in 1897.

Beneath this is a frieze of angels, and on the left, an angel holding the Alms of the Diocese of Rochester, and one with those of the Province of Canterbury with, on their left, King Henry I (1100-1135), during whose reign the Norman church was builL On the right, an angel holding the Anns of the Diocese of Winchester, and one holding those of the Diocese of Southwark with, on their right, Edward VII who, as Prince of Wales, laid the foundation stone in 1890 and, as King, with Queen Alexandra, was present on July 3rd, 1905, at the Cathedral's Inauguration.

This all comprises a record of witness comparable with anything in the City of London.

The night of llth February 1941, saw the glass in the east, and most of that in the south, including much of John Earner Kempe, shattered by bomb blast. Just to the left of the organ case is a plaque referring the reader to the only known memorial to Kempe, found over the organ pipes; fortuitously, it escaped!

The large Kempe window in the north wall of the north transept depicts Pope S. Gregory, King Ethelbert of Kent, and Archbishop Stephen Langton, one of the instigators of the 1215 Magna Carta against King John. There is also the Kempe glass at the far north-eastern corner of the retrochoir of the three Martyrs: King Charles I, Thomas-a­ Becket. and William Laud, all exemplifying Kernpe's distinguishing characteristic in all his windows of the richness of his decorative vestment and vesture, mainly in ruby, blue and green, and masterly use of large areas in silver stain.

The great west window, the Calhedral's glory at sunset, is by Henry Holiday, and represents "Benedicite omnia opera"; and from the west end too can be seen partially the beautiful glass of John Hardman Studios that graces the retrochoir, which catches the morning sun. Other examples, especially of C20, are in the south choir aisle and retrochoir. There is much plain glass where once it had been stained. In the Harvard Oaapel is the Cathedral's only example of American glass, by John La Farge, flanked by that with the Alms of both Harvard University and Emmanual College, Cambridge.

As far as late-Victorian organs go, Southwark Cathedral's is unique!

It was the gift, as was its Arthur Blomfield case in the south transept of Ann, widow of Robert Courage in memory of her husband, and designed by their eighth offspring, John Michell Courage, the Technical Director of Lewis & Co. Ltd., of Brixton, one of the great Victorian "quality" organ builders. Robert, who died in 1893, was a churchwarden of the neighbouring parish of S. Olave's and. as was their son John (ci 1931), a formex Warden of S. Olave's Grammar School. He was a partner and Life Director of Courage Ltd., the Southwark brewers.

The instrument, built 1896-1897 to the tonal criteria of the firm's founder, Thomas Christopher Lewis (1883-1914), their 'magnum opus', with its inimitable French and German timbres, its wealth of Mixtures (then very much a bete noire) and voiced on low wind-pressure, proved initially rather out of favour, not in keeping with what was expected of a "British" instrument. The great Exhibition in Hyde Park of 1851 may have had a bearing on this particular insular attitude, which lasted well into this century.

The climate of opinion now would accept such an instrument with no reservation as, fer its period, a truly astounding and magnificent one. It was rebuilt in 1952 by the famous finn of Henry Willis & Sons Ltd., who subjected it to modifications, substitutions and tonal alterations in line with contemporary practice and, as a sine qua non, raised the wind­ pressures, thus affecting its inimitable characteristic timbres. By and large what was done to it then received approbation.

In that the renowned Durham firm of Harrison & Harrison Ltd. amongst other contracts, had been engaged in recent years in the renovation of five other "Lewis" organs, including Southwark's "little sister" in S. Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne (finalised in 1990 to great acclaim) the contract was placed with them in 1986. On their meticulous examination of its 3.248 pipes it ~ved that what was done to the instrument in 1952 was not irrevocable, and with their extremely high practice standards, everything was carefully reverted, not only to its original specification, but its original tonal concept The work was completed by lst September 1991.

It is p-ecisely these qualities that not only make this Victorian instrument unique amongst all ocher Cathedral organs in the land. but tonally extraordinarily beautiful.

The pro-Cathedral had its brand-new organ: what about now its Cathedral Music? Hand-picked for the job came Dr. Alfred Madeley Richardson from Scarborough, who started his duties between the opening of the church on 16th February 1897 and the dedication of the organ on the 19th May. He proved an excellent organist and choir-trainer, introducing his "Southwark Psalter" (every chant his) and special music by his Choir in performances of Oratorio to include works of Graun, Spohr and Mendelssohn that achieved a very high standard. He resigned in 1908.

His successor, Dr. Edgar Tom Cook, CBE., assistant at Worcester Cathedral, appointed when 28, started duties in 1909, and made Southwark Cathedral and its music his life's wcn in his 44-years as Organist and Director of Music until his death in 1953. His particular penchant was plainsong (since the age of 16 he had been Organist and Choir­ master at the Song School of S. Leonard's, Newland, Malvern, since 1864 a noted plainsong centre), JX>lyphony, and contemporary music.

Reviving the Special Music in 1916, with his Cathedral Choir augmented eventually to about forty voices, plus his choristers, he gave the first London performance of Vaughan Williams' "The lOOth Psalm" and his "Benedicite" et al. With the assistance of the L.S.O. and W.H. Reed as his Leader, he greatly developed its potential to include symphony, concerto, and modem oratorio, employing the principle soloists in the land both vocal and instrumental. Naturally Bach's "Passions" the "B-minor Mass" and his "Christmas Oratorio", Elgar's "The Dream of Gerontius", "The Apostles" and "The Kingdom" were perfonned. His love of contemporary music included the major works of Holst. Kodaly, Howells, Rubbra, and Britten. With his wcn with his Special Choir and Orchestra, Southwark Cathedral became virtually the "Music Centre" of the South Bank to capacity audiences. The Royal Festival Hall did not materialise until 1951, so it supplied a need.

He was "on the wireless" every Monday broadcasting from 1924-1935 in programmes devoted to pure Organ music, initially of an hour and a quarter's duration. His Choir was the first Cathedral Choir lo "be on the air". This transpired from 3 to 5 p.m. on Saturday 1924 from "2LO", the London Station of the former British Broadcasting Company Ud., with the L.S.O. under his baton. His programme consisted of "Song of Destiny" by Brahms: Vaughan Williams'"A Pastoral Symphony"; and concluded with Holst's "Two Psalms" and his "Hymn of Jesus".

Of disposition he was inclined to be rather shy and reserved; Dr. Harvey Grace, a one-time Organist of S. Alphage, Southwark, when articled to Dr. Madeley Richardson, Organist of Chichester Cathedral 1931-1937, once wrote of him, "In manner and method he is singularly free from ostentation: there are, in fact, few musicians who do so much with so little fuss".

Dr. Cook was buried in the south choir aisle on the spot just where he used to stand to robe ready to go into the chancel to conduct unaccompanied music at Evensong. Harry Coles •••••••••••••••

FROM: LETTERS OF JOHN MASON NEALE D.D.1818 • 18"

Selected and edited by his daughter 1910

To Benjamin Webb August 12th, 1841

... Have you had enough Protestantism, ready for some more? Well, then, I will copy out a part of a letter of Burton to Addison (mark, by-the-way, what he says of Boyce) - "I was ordained priest by his holiness of Winchester on July 1 lth, 81 Farnham Palace. There were about thirty men ordained. The palace is a fine old place; many of the men were lodged the.re during the examination, and all dined there every day. 1be dinners were sumptuous: all served upon silver. Oh, if some of the old bishops could have looked in I

"I arrived 81 Farnham on the Saturday; after dinner we were ushered into the private Cliapel - a queer place, comfcxtably carpeted and cushioned.

"1be Bishq> gave an 'exposition'; and then his chaplain offered an extemporary prayer - such a prayer! The Prayer­ book was altogether discarded. The Ordination was conducted in the most comfortable manner. Great Jn.ise is due to the head valet fcr the orderly arrangements; he was most indefatigable in his exertions k> secure the ladies and gentlemen good seats: and indeed I may say the same of the livery servants; they were all motion - sliding about the Chapel in pumps - noiseless as cats. Nor should I forget the Bishop's Chaplain, who was especially polite to the elect few who honoured the ceremony with their presence.

•Arrayed in full canonicals, the flowing sleeves of his surplice floating on the breeze which his flight from the drawing-room to the Chapel occasioned, he smiling handed a galaxy of beauty and fashion to their cushioned seats. When all men were seated in breathless expectation, the sleeves were heard in the distance, and presently appeared the Chaplain, leading in the Bishopc!ss, the first of a Jong procession of children and maidservants; all the candidates, except myself and one or two others, arose, and testified their respect. Lastly the Bishop entered (all men on tip-toe of expectation), wearing the Order of the Garter. He smiled blandly - the men-servants rushed to the Altar gates - they flew open, the Bishop entered - they closed - the men-servants retired. A hymn was given out - the bishopess arose and led the singing, leaning gracefully over the pew doer. Even at the very moment when silence is kept awhile, the Bishop's wife commenced singing the 'Veni Creator Spiritus'. Oh, Addison, is it not grievous? It was ordination domesticated. Boyce of Trinity preached a good scnnon in the evening. In all the Charges I heard there was nothing about the Sacraments!" Thus far Burton. Truly it is grievous. On Sunday morning I had the full service at Hove. There, as I take it, a Protestant clergyman in the Church. My text was "And we shall be changed". I happened to say that the Bible knew - and I was sure the Church knew - of no other regeneration but Baptism. And he grunted and snorted to that degree as to be troublesome. I am sure, that spite of the three hundred years' be­ calvination of England, there is yet a chord in most people's hearts that vibrates to Catholic truth. I cannot hide it from myself - and it would be affectation if I did - that, since I have preached at Hove, the congregation is nearly doubled. Much of this is the novelty of which they hear, but I hope! not quite all."

Harry Coles •••••••••••••••

STAINED GLASS

Stained glass is wholly European in origin and, initially, Christian in concept. It has been, and still is concomitant of architecture, and examples of it from the Middle Ages are still extant in abbey, cathedral and parish churches in France, Gennany and Great Britain. Many examples are just staggeringly beautiful; they are veritable "Jewels of Light" that nevex cease to astonish and delight

As an art form it is very complex in process, requiring a variety of materials and varying techniques employing colouring oxides before fusion in a kiln. Those well-disciplined in it found expression in complementing architecture as it developed from Romanesque to the miracle of soaring Gothic, as exampled in the great medieval churches here and on the Continent, right up to the 1400s. It had virtual cessation in 1550, though a handful of artists continued to make it throughout the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries.

Even as it is difficult to pin-point a particular style peculiar to Victorian architecture, with its emphasis on either •neo-e1assical" or "neo-Gothic" structures - designs which compare favourably with the best of previous periods - so, in the last century, the great revival in the design and manufacture of stained glass was of manifold variety. It began with the year of the accession in 1837 of Queen Victoria's long reign with the architect Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin's first church of S. Marie, Derby, 1837-1839.

Pugin emerges as the principal force behind the "Gothic Revival" in architecture, and the most important figure in stained glass until his untimely death in 1852 at the age of 40. With satirical wit he lampooned contemp

The Newsletter has been already enhanced by publication of the text of the Revd. David Meara's sermon: "In Praise .. of Church Monuments" of which, in Victorian times, the purpose of stained glass widened to include, for the first time, memcrial glass in preference to memoriaJ sculpture! The advent of the Oxford Movement in 1833, and its Tractarian adherents, resulted in a phenomenal boom in demand and production which reached its peak in cl870. There emerged many artists, cartoonists and glass-making furns to meet the demand; it also spread to churches and calhedrals in the Doolinions, and in America.

The era too saw its crop of opportunists bent on exploiting the demand, for sheer profit; to bad design, worse manufacture and construction, their windows proved ephemeral. Of those decidedly not in that camp were the Pre­ Raphaelites like Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris, identified with what became known as the "Arts and Crafts Movement", with highly gifted men like George Edmund Street and George Frederick Bodley.

Charles Earner Kempe, a family-friend and initially a pupil of Bodley, aspired to a mere 'correct' application of Gothic principles. He was born in 1837 and after graduating at Oxford, and encouraged by Bodley, joined the firm of Clayton and Bell (founded 1855) for the practical side of glass-making, though he also designed church furniture, banners, frontals and vestments. By 1867 he had his Kempe Studios which, after his death in 1907, under the terms of his Will, became C.E. Kempe & Co. Ltd., until its demise in 1934.

Kempe epitomised all that was worthwhile in his consummate draughtsmanship, his grasp of and prodigious knowledge of architecture and of he.raldry, and employing only experts to accomplish his commitments for abbeys, cathedrals and churches. He also had the means whereby to travel extensively to expand that knowledge. His inimitable use of colour, and the richest of decoration, of vesture and of vestment, stood him apart from his contemporaries in his creativity, which was prolific.

Though his windows were highly popular, in none is there any element of crudity, showiness, or incompetence. They are all distinctive, though spread ove.r forty years' work. and characteristically devout in content - as expected from a devoted Anglo-Catholic churchman who had hoped for ordination to the Priesthood, but suffered a speech impediment Most are immediately recognisable in his use of mainly ruby, blue and green, and the masterly use of large areas in sil ve.r stain.

During this century there has been a tendency to rubbish anything Victorian! Such came from accredited experts, even of the calibre of the late Alec Clifton-Taylor, who saw beauty in medieval Gothic, dismissing anything later, and with that of the last century his particular aversion.

Their fundamental apathy to anything Victorian completely ignored its stained glass, or derided it! Apart, therefore, from a few monographs in collections, or a passing reference in a chapter of a book. the first to treat such as a matter worthy of serious study, and that of William Morris and his Circle, appeared in 1975, with A.C. Sewter's book on that subject. That on "Victorian Stained Glass", per se, appeared as late as 1980, with Martin Harrison's monumental book: "Victorian Stained Glass", !IO the climate is changing!

Margaret Stravridi's "Master of Glass" is the first serious study of the work of Kempe (She is the daughter of the late John William Lisle, Kempe's chief draughtsman), published by "The Kempe Society" in 1988, which has done much to put this artist in perspective, and to receive his due appraisal and percipient appreciation.

Contemporary churches demand contemporary glass, and excellent examples by great artists of the highest execution in design and craftsmanship, abound. Harry Coles •••••••••••••••

CHURCH PLATE IN CHESTER'S NEW SILVER GALLERY

The new Silver Gallery at the Grosvenor Museum in Chester was opened by H.R.H. The Prince of Wales in June 1992. The gallery is named after Canon Maurice H. Ridgway, F.S.A., in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the study of Chester silver. It houses the museum's superb permanent collection of silver, together with a number of important loans, magnificently displayed against crimson and ivory moire. The first half of the gallery provides a detailed presentation of the story of Cbester-assayed silver, and church plate made in the city is included here. Amongst the earliest pieces are two finely engraved communion cups of the 1570s by William Mutton, whose main source of trade was the conversion of Roman Catholic chalices into Protestant canmunion cups. One cup, from St. Michael's, Chester, was probably given by Mutton when he was a churchwarden there. The other cup, lent by St. Lawrence's, Stoak.. has a paten cover remade in 1804-05.

Richard Richardson I, who founded the great dynasty of 18th century Chest.ex silversmiths, was another notable maker of chwcti plate, and the gallery includes five examples of his work. From SL Michael's, Chester, comes a canmunion cup and standing paten given in 1723 by Robert Pigot when he was Mayor of Chester, and a plate paten originally given in 1639 but 'inlarged and improved' by Richardson in 1725. A communion cup from SL Bridget's, Chester, although hallmarked in 1718-19 was purchased by the church in 1720, and was therefoce presumably bought from stock rather than specially commissioned. His finest piece is a flagon of 1717-28, lent by SL Mary's, Coddington, which is similar in form to a pear-shaped beer jug but with the addition of a cover.

Three cases in the gallery are devoted to London-made ecclesiastical plate. Silver and pewter has been lent by the Trustees of Matthew Henry's Chapel, Chestex, which started as a Presbytexian congregation in 1687 but became Unitarian in the mid 18th century. A caudle cup of 1703-04 by William Andrews is engraved with the initials MH, which may stand for Matthew Henry. Another caudle cup, of 1723-24 by Thomas Tearle, was given 'to be used at the Lord's Supper 1732'. An elegant pair of communion cups by Richard Bayley was commissioned by the chapel after receiving a legacy in 174 5. Their original case of wood with brass mounts is covered with stamped leather and lined with marbled paper and green baize. There are also two pewter flagons of about 17flJ and six 18th century pewtex plates.

Silver has also been lent by the Cheshire churches of St. Lawrence's, Stoak and SL Andrew's, Tarvin. From Stoak comes a small salver of 1764-65 by Richard Rugg, which was presented to the church in 1772, presumably fer use as a paten. Also from Stoak is a ewer of 1771-72 by John Dare, which is an early example of the Neo-Classical style, but the beading on the spout revives a 17th century motif. A large flagon of 1776-77 by John Robbins comes from Tarvin, as does a handsome cup and cover, possibly by John De.aeon, which was presented by the Earl of Plymouth in 1775, preswnably intended for display rather than use. Also shown here is a goblet of 1821-22 by William Bateman I, which was presented in 1846 to the Revd. Joseph Rayner Stephens of Stalybridge, who had been imprisoned in Chestex Castle for his Chartist activities.

Plate from four redundant Chester churches, purchased by the museum in 1988, is displayed on a recreated altar with crimson and gold hangings. From St. Michael's (now the Chester Heritage Centre) comes a silver-gilt standing cup of 1635-36 by Edward South, originally a domestic vessel but presented to the church in 1680 for use as a communion cup. A pair of flagons by Seth Lofthouse, with superb armorial engravings, were purchased with £40 bequeathed in 1702 by the Chester goldsmith Samuel Edwardes. A silver-plated trowel by P.G. Shaw was used to lay the first stone of the tower when SL Michael's was largely rebuilt in 1849-50. From St. Martin's (demolished in 1964) comes a parcel-gilt communion cup of 1804-05 by Peter, Anne and William Bateman I, in a very simple Neo­ Classical shape like a domestic goblet, and a Sheffield-plated flagon presented in 1828.

A similar Sheffield-plated flagon comes from St. Bridget's (demolished in 1892), along with a pair of patens and a splendid silver-gilt flagon of 1697 by Hugh Roberts, the latter having an S-scroll handle, corkscrew thumbpiece and bands of gadrooning on both lid and foot. A pear-shaped ewer of 1728-29 by Hwnphrey Payne, probably intended to hold the wine fer the communion service, is the only surviving piece of silver from St. Olave's. Also shown here is an 18th centwy gold ring containing a fragment of the shroud of Hugh Lupus, lst Earl of Chester, who founded the Benedictine Abbey of St Werl>urgh (now Chester Cathedral) in 1092, and whose remains were discovered in the Chaptex House in 1723.

Peter Boughton, Keeper ofArt, Grosvenor Museum •••••••••••••••

REVIEW

The Search for the Ori~s of Christian Worship by Paul Bradshaw SPCK, 1992. Price £15.

REVIEWED BY MICHAEL PEEL

The subject is one that has long exercised the minds of scholars. It is fair to say that most of them have tended to assume that a single coherent line of liturgical development can be traced from the apostolic age to the 4th century. Even Gregory Dix in his massive Shape of the Litinu (1947), never really abandoned this theory (which he criticised strongly), but merely revised it, since in his view the various forms of the Eucharist had a common origin, viz. in the ~ of the rite, rather than in the choice of its words.

Dr. Bradshaw, formerly Vice-Principal of Ripon College, Cuddesdon and now Professor of Liturgy at Notre Dame University, Indiana, provides a useful guide to all who would explore the rough terrain of liturgical origins. The book is mainly about the Eucharist, but it also takes account of Cbristian Initiation and the Church calendar.

The book begins with a chapter on the new light thrown on the subject by developments in Jewish liturgical scholarship. As a result, questions are asked about the links between Jewish and Christian liturgical foons, which scholars like Dix took for granted. 1bere follows a helpful survey of New Testament forms of worship, but at the heart of the book there is a careful examination of the many extant apostolic Church Orders (ie. manuals of Church mler and practice) which provide valuable source material. Again, earlier presuppositions are challenged, and we are left with an impression of the essentially variegated character of early Christian worship.

As the authoc is at pains to point out, what we can know for certain is limited, and much depends on our interpretation of the evidence we have. His own belief is that words and patterns in one Church (e.g. the Sanctu s, the words used by Jesus in instituting the Sacrament, extended intercession for the Church) achieved supremacy in particular districts as prayer traditions began to crystallise and as texts became stabilised, perhaps in the late 3rd or early 4th century. In time, units that emerged in one tradition were copied into other traditions, sometimes at the same point in the orde.r, sometimes in a different place, to complete the classical shape of the Eucharistic praye.r with its regional variants.

Although Dr. Bradshaw says that he has tried to keep in mind the needs of non-specialists, it must be said that this is a scholar's book. It will appeal most readily to those who have some familiarity with the subject and its technical terms. For those prepared to let the author be their guide, there is a wealth of information here to stimulate thought and further debate, but at times the reading and the going get tough. The argument does get concentrated, we need to remember which path we are following, and that many of the conclusions reached are only tentative. Dr. Bradshaw writes well and argues cogently, but if the result is a picture less satisfying than that portrayed by earlier scholars, it is one that is palpably truer. •••••••••••••••

A book entitled 'Organa Cantuariensia: Pipe Organs in Canterbury, (N.Z.) 1850-1885 - A Documentation' by Ronald G. Newton is available from the School of Music, Unive.csity of Canterbury, Private Bag, Christchurch, N.Z., at a cost of $40 + $5.00 GST. The book has 444 pp. and is lavishly illustrated with forty plates, including fourteen in full colour.

This is a landmark publication and is the first systematic listing of pipe organs built in oc brought into the Canterbury province during the earliest decades of settlement. ••••••••••••••• BOOK RECEIVED

Daphne H. Brink, The Parish of St. Edward. K.in2 and Martyr. Cambrid2e: Survival of a Lale Mediaeval A~rnro.priation (1992, published by the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Occasional Publications 3, no. price, 96 pp. Copies may be obtained from the author, 2 Portugal Place, Cambridge, CBF 8AF)

This is an account of the appropriation of St Edward's to Trinity Hall and its effects on the parish. Daphne Brink is a foone.r Churchwarden who read 1beology at Cambridge. She compares the appropriation with that of St Mary's. Fen Drayton to Christ's College, and would be interested to hear of othexs which survived into the present century . •••••••••••••••

N .B. The views expressed by contributors in this Newsletter are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of the Society or its Council. •••••• •••••••••

Items for the January Newsletter should be submitted by no later than Tuesday, 22nd December 1992 . ••••••••••••••• STEPHEN HUMPHREY l Cornish House, Otto Street, London, SE17 3PE.

Programme of Events from September to December, 1992

The events listed below have been arranged independently by me and are open to anyone who wishes to participate in them. If you have any question about them, please telephone me on 071-735 6716 in the l ate evenings or on 071-403 3507 during the daytime on Mondays and Fridays. In November I intend to issue a substantial newsletter to give details of my regular tour of churches in Yorkshire in 1993, to announce a possible tour of Cornish churches in the autumn of 1993, and to present details of other events and of planned publications. September 23rd (Wednesday): LONDON VISIT A visit to the Rooms of the Society of Antiquaries, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W. l will take place at 11 a.m., by kind permission of the Librarian, Mr . Bernard Nurse. The party will see the Liber Niger of Peterborough Abbey . This is l 12th-century cartulary which includes a series of copies of documents from the 7th and 8th centuries relating to the early endowments of Peterborough (originally known as Medeshamstede) and to the foundation of a number of daughter-houses in the Midlands and in South -East Eng land. The daughter-houses included Brixworth in Northamptonshire and Breedon-on-the-Hill in Leicestershire, which will be visited at the end of October (see below) . (This notice is included as a reminder for those members of my Yorkshire party who have already booked places.) October 24th (Saturday): COACH TOUR A visit by coach to the church of St. Mary and St. Hardulph, Breedon-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire, and to the nearby town of Melbourne, Derbyshire. The church at Breedon is situated on a hilltop, within the site of an Iron Age hillfort. There are panoramic views over the surrounding countryside - which is the countryside of Calke Abbey and Staunton Harold. The church is one of the very few parish churches in the kingdom for which there is documentary evidence of a 7th-century foundation, as a monastery founded from Peterborough. The evidence in question, of course, is found in the Liber Niger (see above). The early monastery at Breedon is represented today by a wealth of sculpture, consisting of friezes and panels of figures. Some ,f the figures compare with those to be seen at Fletton (near Peterborough) on the visit on October 3lst (see below) and with those which my Yorkshire party saw at Hovingham in the North Riding this summer. Breedon Church today is very largely made up of the 13th-century chancel of a later (Augustinian) monastery. It has a large 17th-century private pew and many 18th-century fittings. For its site, history, sculpture and fabric, the church is one of the most interesting and significant in England. Melbourne, over the border in Derbyshire but just a couple of miles away, has a very fine Norman parish church., built with some grandeur ·Under the Bi shops of Carlisle in the 12th century. The coach will leave Bressenden Place near Victoria Station at 9.15 a.m . and will return there in the evening after 7 p.m. Some refreshments will be available at Breedon, but a packed lunch is advisable. The cost of a place on this visit will be £12. At the time of writing, I hope to arrange tea at Melbourne, which would cost about £1.50 extra. For bookings, see page 3. October 3lst (Saturday): COACH TOUR A visit to the church of All Saints, Brixworth, Northamptonshire; to St. Margaret's, Old Fletton, near Peterborough; and to Peterborough Cathedral. Brixworth Church is perhaps the most famous of the earlier pre-Conquest churches in England, built on a scale which dwarfs the Escombs and Bradford-on-Avans. The church is known to have - 2 -

October 3lst (continued) been founded from Peterborough in the 1ate 7th century, but very probably the fabric we see today is largely of the following century. It has been argued that Bri xworth was the Cl ofesho of 8th- and 9th-century synods, but proof is wanting. A small throat-bone found in a reliquary in the church is thought to be a relic of St. Boniface, who had various connections with both Brixworth and Clofesho. St. Margaret's at Old Fletton is significant in the context of these two October tours because it has pre-Conquest sculptures which are very simi lar to those at Breedon. In recent years the church has been restored after a fire. Peterborough Cathedral is the fons et origo of Christianity in t he East Mid lands. It has been a cathedral since 1541, but it was founded as far back as c.654 as a monastery in the old Kingdom of Mercia. Under various Mercian kings in the 7th and 8th ce nturies , it became a centre of evangelisation in large parts of the Midlands and the South-East. The story of that work can be traced in the Liber Niger. The cathedral retains today one precious link with pre-Viking days: the Redda Stone, kept at the east end behind the high altar. The main body of the cathedral is Norman.. The coach will leave Bressenden Place near Victoria Station at 9.15 a.m. and will return there at about 7.15 p.m. The cost of the visit will be £12. Architectural and hi storical notes will be issued. Some refreshments will . be~ arranged at Brixworth (upon arrival). Peterborough will be the lun ch stop. A packed lunch may be brought, or lunch may be obtained in the town. Th ere i s a Cathedral Cafe by the cathedral's west door, but it has very little seating. Novemb er 2l st (Saturday): LONDON VISIT

A visit to Trinity Ho s~ita l, Highbridge, Gree nwich (by kind permission of the Warden , Mr. D.G. Smith,, and to the chape l of the Royal Naval College , Greenwich . Trinity Hospital is an almshouse which was founded by the Earl of Northampton in 161 3. Its picturesque buildings on the Greenwich waterfront, just east of the Roya l Naval College, include a chapel of 181 2, which contai ns parts of a memorial to the founder by Ni cholas Stone and some 16th-century Flemish stained glass. This is a rare opportunity to visit an intersting but little-known building. (The same Earl of Northampton, incidentally, also founded the almshouses at Castle Rising in Norfolk and at Clun in Shropshire.) The chapel of the Roya l Naval College will ve visited afterwards, provided that it is not closed at short notice for securi ty reasons. Th e chapel occupies the South-East or Queen Mary Block of Sir Christopher Wren's palatial buildings for King William III' s Greenwich Hospita for aged and infirm seamen of the Royal Navy. Most of the chapel's interior is work by James ('Athenian') Stuart and William Newton, subsequent to a fire in 1779 . It therefore has a grand and important interior of the late 18th century. The party will be given refreshments at Trini ty Hospital. Meet at Trinity Hospital at 2 p.m. The cost of a place on this visit i s £1. For bookings, see page 3. December 14th (Monday): RECEPTION There will be a reception in the Rooms of the Society of Antiquaries, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W.l, between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m. Wine will be served. I wi ll arrange a display of photographs of churches, with special reference to my Yorkshire tours since 1989. I also intend to display some of the more interesting books and papers from my own collection. At the reception I hop e to introduce my tours and other events for 1993 and to discuss forthcoming publications. Intending newcomers to my tours will be very welcome. Th e cost of the reception will be £2 per person. For bookings , see page 3. Dece mber 16th (Wedne sday ) : CHR ISTMAS DINNER A traditional Chri stma s dinner will be hel d in the George Inn , 77 Borough High - 3 -

December 16th (continued) Street, So uthwark , London, S. E. 1, at 7 p.m. for 7.30 p.m. The George Inn is t he last survivor of the formerly numero us ga lleried coaching inns of Southwa rk , a number of wh i ch feature in Dickens's novels; the George appears in Litt l e Dorrit. The cost of the dinner will be £23.95 a head , plus 30p for postage and clerical costs, making a total of £24.25. A deposit of £10 is payable now, and the rest on the night. The George is situated very near Lon don Bridge Station (British Rail and Northern Line) and is served by a number of bus routes . I will be pleased to gi ve suggestions for transport on request. Pa rking i s free in Borough High Street and nearby streets after 6. 30 p.m.

BOOKING FORM

Name Address

Date Event No . of places Amount Octobe r 24th Coach tour to Breedon and Melbourne, £12· October 3lst Coach tou r to Bri xworth, Peterborough and Fletton, £12 November 2l st Visit to Greenwi ch, £1 December 14th Reception, £2 December 16th Christmas dinner, £10 deposit

TOTAL Notes Any enquiry abo ut t he visit on Se ptembe r 23 rd shou l d be made by telephone. 2 The balance of t he cost of t he Christmas dinner (£14.25) will be payabl e on t he day. 3 Upon making a booking, a map showing each me eting-place wi ll be issued. Architectural and histori ca l notes will be issued for each tour on the day concerned. 4 Al l cheques & c. should be made payabl e to S.C. Humphrey . 5 I will make a further mai ling in November to give detai l s of my ma jor tours in 1993 . *************" Th e comp l eted form should be sent to S.C. Humphrey, 1 Cornish House, Otto Street, Lond on, SE17 3PE, as soon as possible. All letters will be ack now ledged.

September 1992 ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

&umsstor of d:lt Cambribgt ~mbtn &ocittp of 1839

PRESIDENT: S.E. Dykes Bower, M.A., F.R.1.B.A., P.S.A., Surveyor Emeritus of Westminster Abbey

NEWSLETTER

Number 38 January 1993

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Annual subscriptions were due on l st January. Those still out standing should be sent as soon as possible to the Hon. Treasurer, Miss Moira Thomas. 45 Victoria Court, Hereford Road. Abergavenny, Gwent NP7 5PW. The rates are the same as last year: £6 for members within 30 miles of central London (reduced to £4 for under-25 and retired members), £4 for country members (reduced to £3 for under-25 and retired members) and £5 for corporate members; overseas rates are likewise unchan ged. Banker's order and covenant form s may be obtained from the Hon. Treasurer on demand.

ABERGA VENNY MONUMENTS FUND

Those who would like to contribute to the Abergavenny Monuments Fund (see article in this Newsletter) should send cheques. payable to ST. MARY'S MONUMENTS RESTORATION FUND. to the Ecclesiological Society's Treasurer at 45 Victoria Court. Hereford Road. Abergavenny. Gwent NP7 5PW. On request she can send you the appropriate covenant forms.

MEMBERSHIP CARDS

A membership card is issued each year to all subscribing members of the Society. One will be enclosed wi th this Newsletter if your subscription for 1993 had been cred ited before the mailing. Please sign your card on receipt.

ANNUAL SERVICE

Members are reminded that the Sc::iety's Annual Commemorative Service has been arranged to take place on Thursday 13th May at the Guild Church of St. Mary Abchurch in the City of London. commencing at 1.00 p.m. The preacher will be Canon R.J. Halliburton. a Canon-Residentiary of St. Paul's and former Principal of Chichester Theological College.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

The next Annual General Meeting will be held in London on a date to be arranged. probably in May 1993. Full details, including the agenda. will be published in April's Newsletter. in accordance with the Laws of the Society. Under Law VII, any motions for consideration at this meeting must be submitted to reach the Honorary Sec retary by 3lst March. For the convenience of members. this Law is reproduced below.

The Annual General Meeting shall be held in the Spring of each year, for the election of officers and other members of the Council. and for the consideration of the Society's accounts. and to transact such other business as may be necessary. All motions to be discussed at an Annual General Meeting must be submitted to the Honorary Secretary on or before 31s t March next preceding. and they must be included in the agenda to be printed in the Newsletter published in April. The Newsletter published in January shall include a notice for motions to be submitted to the Honorary Secretary by 3lst March next following. Matters may be discussed under "any other business" at an Annual General Meeting at the discretion of the Chairman. Eligibility for the office of President is limited to members of a minimum of ten years' standing. Eligibility for the office of Vice-President is limited to members of a minimum of five years' standing. A nomination for the office of President or that of Vice-President. accompanied by the nominee's consent in writing, must be submitted to the Honorary Secretary by the deadline for the Annual or ExLraordinary General Meeting at which the election shall take place. and any such nomination must have been endorsed by the Council before being put to an Annual. or an Extraordinary, General Meeting.

***************

SIR JOHN SUMMERSON - OBITUARY

Members will have heard with regret of the death of Sir John Summerson. Vice President of the Society, on November 101.h 1992 at the age of 87. He was the doyen of architectural historians; his reputation established by his published work. This includes definitive books such as Georgian London. Architecture in Britain 1530-1 830. and paiik:ularly his book on Victorian Architecture with its four evaluative studies. His monumental scholarship tends to hide his early career as an architect but there is little doubt that experience with both Giles and Adrian Gilbert Scott as well as W.D. Carbe gave him a sense of the practical developen t of buildings which informed his criticism when dealing with important issues relating to hi storical architecture.

His collection of essays entitled Heavenl y Mansions included an essay on William Butterfi eld. one of the great fi gures in ecclesiology. It also included an essay which dea lt with the psychology of shelter where Summerson demonstrated the importance of Aediculae as architectural elements. Crucial to our understanding of the importance of history in architecture was his work as Deputy Director of the Nat ional Building Record which scheduled buildings at risk from bombing (1941-1945). This list formed the basis of the first statutory list of buildings sc heduled under the Town and Coun try Plan ning Acts in the immediate post-war period. Part of this work was published with J.M. Richards as The Bombed Buildings of Britain. Sir John Summerson was always prepared to help younger historians and gave generously of his services to universities as well as architectural and ecclesiogical institutions. The Society has lost a great friend as well as a leadin g scholar.

P. Velluet!K. H. Mu rra

***************

DODE CHURCH. KENT

Our member Mr. Iai n Foreman has wri tten as follows: -

"I am at the moment helpin g in the restoration of Dode Church in Kent.

This has been bought by a private owner whose intention is to restore the interior as near as is possible to the medieval period. The building is early Norman and a fine specimen direct from the hands of the Norman mason.

For example. the stone seating around the nave is still in tact as are other fe atures.

It is hoped to use the church as a church for any denomination who may wish to use it for any service from time to time - it holds about 60 people - and also as an educational centre.

If possible. could you please put me in touch with any members who have expert knowledge of this period and would be willing to visit and give any advice. It would be most welcome.

At the moment the local archaeological group are undertaking a dig."

Mr. Foreman adds that the church was full y restored in 1901-06 but not furni shed in ternally. and this in particular is where he is looking for help.

Any members who ma y be able to assist Mr. Foreman in thi s projec t are in vit ed to contact him directly. His address is 14 Norman Road. Ham Hill. Snodland. Kent ME6 5JD. .JOHN SAMUEL ALDER

The following letter has been received from Mr. A. Hunt:-

"I am a member of the Ecclesiological Society at present engaged in research (for a dissertation due in May 1993) on the life and work of John Samuel Alder (cl847-1919).

I would be grateful if, through the Society's Newsletter. J could ask for the help of other members in letting me know if they have any information about Alder and the churches and other buildings he built or restored. He was chief assistant to F. Preedy (1872-1884) and assisted other architects before building a number of churches, halls and vicarages in the Diocese of London after 1919.

My address is 70 Park Hall Road, East Finchley. London N2 9PX."

Replies should be seni direcily to l'Vlr. Hum. please.

WANDER ING CHURCH FURNITURE

(NOTE: An article under this title was discovered recently in the Greater London Record Office. printed in a I %5 Parish Magazine. It is reproduced here for the interest of members.)

Changes of fashion and ot her disas1ers have devastated churches in the City of London more often than in other places. so that pulpits. altars and fonts once installed with pride have been cast out to find new homes in the boroughs or in the provinces. Whole churchesfull of furniture have simply vanished.

Modem wanderings of church furniture began when some City churches started to replace the imposing fittings acquired after the Great Fire of 1666. and other churches had to make way for new buildings and roads. The earliest furniture to leave the City belonged to St. Christopher le Stocks, demolished in 1781. Its pulpit and soundin g board went to Canewdon and its reredos became a screen in Great Burstead. both in Essex. Its paintings of Moses and Aaron sta yed in the City, at St. Margare1 Lothbury.

As the City became more a business centre and less a place of residence. many other churches were removed. A few were put up elsewhere. SL Bartholomew by the Exchange was taken down in 1846 and re-erected with most of its old furniture near Moorgate station in I 848. About I 900. however. ii was again taken down and its furniture dispersed. the pulpit and fon1 going to St. Bartholomew's. Craven Park Road. Stamford Hill.

Sometimes all the furniture was taken to ano1her church of the same name. as in I 940 when All Hallows. Twickenham. took all the fittings of All Hallows. Lombard Street. including the ornate wrought-iron Swordrests used once during his term of office by each Lord Mayor of London. So far. no Lord Mayor has made the trip to Twickenham to rest his sword there.

For a time church furniture was sold like ordinary second -hand goods by auction or tender. The 1714 organ auctioned when St. Benet Fink was demolished in 1845 was laler found in a Bath shop and bought for £100 by Malmesbury Abbey, which used it until 1927. A series of auction sales caused by the closing of churches under the Union of Benefices Act of 1860 led to rum ours (never verified) thal p ~m e lling and fittings were being turned into bars and decorations for public houses.

In a more legitimate version of the "auction ring", groups of City clergy began to buy up church items before a sale and offer them privately for appropriate uses. In 1894 the Rector of St. Margaret Lothbury bought the altar rails. pews and panelling of All Hallows the Great . Upper Thames Street. before the site and materials were sold 10 the City of London Brewery Company in the last publi c auction of ch urch fittings in the City.

Many mysteries remain. St. Mary Aldermary was drastically restored in 1876 and most of the old interior. down to the wall panelling and the marble paving in the sanc tuary, was sold. None of this 17th-century furniture can be traced. Old furniture was also sold in 1860-64 from St. Mary Aldcrmanbury. the church now being shipped to Missouri (U.S.A.) as a Churchill memorial. A new period of social change and population movement is sweeping through the churches. It is interesting to think that building and re-decorating now going on may be the subject of study and detective work by ecclesiologists of the future.

(With acknowledgments to "M.M." in "Saint Margaret's News". the Parish Magazine of St. Margaret's Church. Putney in south-west London.)

***************

FOR THE BOOKSHELF

BOOK REVIEW

Jonathan MacKech11ie-Jarvis, A Historv of the Gloucester Diocesan Adl'isorv Committee, 1919-1992 (1992, published by the Gloucester DA C, paperback, 96 pp. fully illustrated, £5 post-free from Church House, College Green, Gloucester, GLJ 2LY, cheques payable to Gloucester DBF, but all proceeds go to the Gloucestershire Historic Churches Preservation Trust.)

The Victorian era was the greatest age of church bui lding since mediaeval times. lt was also one of excessive church restoration. for which the Cambridge Camden Society provided a dri vin g force . as the author reminds us. Gradually, however. the "restoration mani a" evoked an educated response, which led in 1877 to the foundin g of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. The demand for proper protection for ancient buildings continued to grow. and despite hostility on the part of the clergy. calls were made for the Church to have effective control over its own buildings. The faculty system was toothless. but after 1913. wit h the grantin g of "ecclesias tical exemption" from the law governing ancient buildings. refonn was promised. and in 1916 the Bishop of Oxford set up the first advisory commillee to deal with War Memorials in churches and churchyards. Other dioceses. includin g Gloucester, soon followed suit. but it was not long before they changed to dealing with all facult y applications. Thus the DAC system came into being.

The story of Gloucester's DAC is one worth recounting. and the author (Assistant Diocesan Secretary) does it well . using unpublished material to illustrate the lively correspondence in which the Commillee got involved. especially in earlier years. At Stonehouse. for example. it declined to approve of a plan to include in the War Memorial "the name of a retired organist who was not dead and had not served in the War". The first Secretary. the Rev. D. Jenner­ Fust. had forceful views. objecting to the blackening of inscripti ons and to "fulsome and hackneyed wording". His outspokenness broughl conflict with the Board of Finance (whi ch paid the DAC's expenses). and after his condemnat ion of the Tetbury Memorial as "benea1h criticism" he resigned.

Such wrangles enliven the narrative. as incident fo llows incident. as Secretary succeeds Secretary. Under Da vid Verey's Chairmanship (1967-84). the DAC found it self in new and troubled waters. as it faced problems in connection with redundant churches and liturgical re-ordering. with plans for kitchens and lava tories. and with such developments as electronic organs. fibre-glass spires and radiant heaters. Jn an epilogue. the au1hor pleads for a more "educational" role for DACs.

Much of this Commi11ee's work is rou1 ine and rather du ll. but as this book shows. ii is demanding. Plans to re-order Norlhleach in 1962. for example. were a major 1es1. 11 took Will Croome. the indefa1igable Chairman. a ten-page leller in which to summarise the Commi tt ee's recomm endations to the Registrar. Work can have an unpredictable outcome as well. as happened in 1944. after th ree hideous. factory-type stoves were put into Westbury-on-Severn without a faculty. Legal formali ti es were under way. on ly to be dropped when it was learned that Bishop Headlam had been involved in the stoves' procurement after he had personally nsked the Chief of the Air Staff (Lord Portal) to release them!

This book is of obvious appeal to nil who care for churches nnd to nil interested in the workings of the Ch urch of England , not only in the See of Gloucester.

Michael Peel OTHER RECENT AND FORTHCOMING PUBLICATIONS

THE MONUMENT AL BRASSES OF BERKSHIRE by William Lack, H. Martin Stuchfield and Philip Whittemore is the second volume to be published in the County Guides series. The volume is expected to contain 176 pages listing figure brasses, inscriptions. indents and lost brasses, illustrated on 99 pages. The Berkshire volume is to be published in April 1993, and will be available at a pre-publication price of £12.50 (plus £1.50 postage and packing). All names and addresses of subscribers will be printed in the volume if remittance and details are received prior to 6th March 1993. On publication the price will be £15.00 (plus £1.50 postage and packing).

Of interest to members of this Society are a number of Victorian and post-Victorian brasses that are being illustrated for the first time. Mention is made in the text of a number of brasses produced by firms specialisin g in metalwork e.g. Messrs. Waller. Hardman, Gawthorpe etc.

Remittances should be sent to H.M. Stuchfield, Lowe Hill House. Stratford St. Mary. Suffolk, C07 6JX. Cheques should be made payable to "The Monumental Brass Society".

Copies of the Bedfordshire volume are available from Mr. Stuchfield at the address above. Cost £15.00 plus £ 1.50 postage and packing.

Blewbury VIlI and IX

ISLINGTON CHAPELS: AN ARCHITECTURAL GUIDE TO NONCONFORMIST AND ROMAN CATHOLIC PLACES OF WORSHIP IN THE LONDON BOROUGH OF ISLINGTON (published by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England).

The buildings described in this book range from such monuments of national standing as Wesley's Chapel and Union Chapel to the bizarrely ornamented Pager Memorial Mission Hall near King's Cross. More than seventy standing buildings, including a number of Post-war churches, are described. and there are notes on many others which have been demolished. Copies are available at £9.95 each, plus postage and packing £1.50 U.K., £4.00 Europe or £9.00 U.S.A.: orders should be sent to Publications Department. RCHME. Newlands House, 37-40 Bemers Street. London WIP 4BP.

THE CHURCH THAT WOULD NOT DIE: THE STORY OF ST. MARY'S. CASTLE STREET, READING (author: John Dearing).

This church is described as "a rare if not unique phenomenon in the contemporary church: a chapel founded as a non-conform ist institution which was subsequentl y licensed for Anglican worship. It is now one of a handful remaining of the many proprietary chapels founded in the 18th century Evangelical Revival". The au thor is one of the present chapel wardens. A limited edition of numbered copies with subscribers' names li sted will be available at the price of £14.95 at St. Mary's, or £16.95 including U.K. postage and packing, if ordered pre-publication. To order. apply with remittance to The Trustees. St. Mary's Church, Casile Streel, Reading. Berkshire.

VICTORIAN CHURCHES (edited by Miles Lewis)

This is !!.Q1 a book devoted 10 191h-cen 1ury Gothic Revival buildings. but a publication by The National Trusl of Victoria, Australia. It provides a comprehensive survey of churches in the Slate of Victoria, featuring an account of the relationship between church and state. a history of the denominations, a glossary of architectural terms. an illustrated inventory of over 400 churches, and a typology of architectural styles as developed locall y. The work is intended to become a standard text on its subject. Copies are obtainable from the National Trust (Victoria). 4 Parliament Place. Melbourne 3002. Australia. The price is $A35, plus postage and handling.

SHIRE PUBLICATIONS LTD. have the following works on Church history listed in their catalogue. They are obtainable through booksellers or directly from the publishers at Cromwell House, Church Street, Princes Risborough, Bucks HP27 9AJ.

Medieval Wall Paintings The Organ Discovering Bells and Bellringing Discovering Chapels Discovering Church Architecture Discovering Churches Discovering Churchyards Discoverin g Epitaphs Discovering Saints in Britain Discovering Shrines and Hol y Places Church Misericords and Bench Ends Church Monuments Church Tiles

THE LION SERMON

(given by the Revd. John Paul. Rec tor of St. Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe)

Sir John Gayer, born in Plymouth towards the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. became a merchant of some standing in the City of London. where he resided in this parish of St. Katherine Cree. He was admitted to the Worshipful Company of Fishmon gers. and. in 1635. became a Sheriff. and a year later Alderman.

In 1643. as a member of the Levant Compan y. he journeyed to Arabia on a trading mission. Here. one day. he became separated from his companions. and. as dusk fell. became aware that a lion was approachin g him. Imbued with faith, John Gayer knelt in prayer; the lion circled him . but did not molest him. In the mornin g. his companions. searching for him. found him peacefully sleepin g. The lion's prints were all around him: thus they were convi nced that his story was true.

On his return to London. Sir John. in gratitude for his providential deliverance. made generous gifts to philanthropic causes; and, by his Will. established the annual comm emorative sermon - the LION SERMON - to be preached on the 16th October. the anniversary of his encounter wi th the lion. The bequest provided for the expenses of the Sermon, and for a distribution. at this annual event. to the poor of the parish: and stipulated that. when the sermon was delivered, it should include the story of his encounter with the lion.

Did the desert adventure strengthen Sir John for later trial s? Four years later. in 1647 . he became Lord Mayor: bul. being resistant to pressures by the Parliamentarians. who were by then powerful in London. he was. wi th four Aldennen, committed to the Tower: to quote from the memorial brass in the Sanctuary -

" ...... rather than withdraw hi s unOinchin g assertion of the nati ve liberties of the Citizens. and his steadfast supporl of King Charles I. he submi1ted to imprisonment in the Tower at the hands of the Parliament in 1647 and 1648."

However. Sir John mai nlained hi s stand against the Cromwellian encroachments on the Cit y's liberties. and eventually, by popular acclaim. was released: and (to quote from Nathaniel Hardy's funeral oration) "dyed in peace in hi s owne house, not in prison" on the 201h July 1649. and is buried in a vault beneath this churc h of St. Katharine Cree. Nathaniel Hardy. who was preacher to the parish of S. Dionis Backchurch. gave his funeral oration on the 14th August 1649, at St. Katharine Creechurch on the text (Psalm 37. v.37) "Marke the perfect man and behold the upright; for the end of that man is peace". Followin g is a comment from Hardy's closely argued theological dissertation:-

"And which was no small encouragement to him. and may be to others. in showing workes of Mercy; he found that he Gathered by Scaltering. his Store encreased by distributing. and that ~ agai n in his cupboard which he had £ll..S.l on th e ~".

Hardy considered that envy could not deny Gayer "the title of a ~ (or if that may be too much, yet of an Upright) Man". He was also -

"A man of Peace ..... wont to say There should be more love among us; if my Friend differ from me in Judgment. let me show love to hi s Person. though I dislike his Opinion: and let me pray that God would direct him in the right way".

Miss K.E. Campbell

***************

BRITISH SUNDIAL SOCIETY

Members interested in the subject of scratch dials on churches mi ght like to know of the existence of the British Sundial Society. This now has some 400 members. Some of them are actively engaged on research into scratch dials which have been featured from time to time in the Society's journal. published three or four times a year. Details from the Membership Secretary, Robert Sylvester. Bamcroft. Grizebeck. Kirkby-in-Furness. Cumbria LA 17 7XJ. Membership costs £ 15 a year for individuals. £20 for fami lies.

Dr. G.K. Bra11dwood ***************

TO ALL OUR MEMBERS AND FRIENDS, WORLD-WIDE

Although its membership roll stands at a very healthy level. the Society is always pleased to welcome new members from any quarter of the globe. (We have members in the United States. Australia. New Zealand and the Caribbean as well as in various parts of continental Europe.) The larger our membersh ip. the more strongly can we pursue our aims and develop the range of services we try to offer our members.

Do you know any fri ends. re l a ti ve~. colleagues or other acquaintances who might be interested in joining the Society? lf so. please do all you can to encourage them to apply for membership. Alt ernatively. wh y not offer Society membership as a New Year or birthday gift. or even as a belated Christmas present? Subscription rates. despite last year's increases. are still ex tremely modest compared with those of other amenity and learned societies. and, as will be seen elsewhere in this Newsle1ter. they remain unchanged for 1993.

Membership details and application forms are obtainable from John Henman. 6 Nadir Court. Blake Hall Road. Wanstead. London E l 1 2QE. or from Kenneth Ric hardson. 127 Marvels Lane. Grove Park. London SE12 9PP.

K. Richardson

***************

CHESTER CHURCHES BY JOHN DOUGLAS

An ex hibition on 'John Douglas and the Victorian re-creation of pic turesque Chester' will be shown at the Grosvenor Museum from 6 February to 9 May 1993. This exhibition celebrates the work of John Douglas (1830-1911). Chester's most important Victorian architect. Douglas was inspired by the timber-framing of Cheshire and the Welsh border. and by the late medieval brick architecture of Germany and the Low Countries. His well proportioned. carefull y detailed and finely crafted buildings have great beauty and charm.

Using original drawings and prints. as well as photographs, the exhibition explores Douglas's outstanding contribution to the appearance of Chester. with a concluding section on his work for the Eaton Hall estate. His ecclesiastical work in Chester includes the reredos (1876-7) and bell tower (1886-7) at the Church of St. John the Baptist; St. Paul's Church. Boughton (1 876 and 1902): St. Bamabas's Mission Church (1877); Grosvenor Park Baptist Chapel (1879-80): the restoration of St. Peter's Church (1 886); Christ Church (1893-1900): and the litany desk at Hol y Trinity Church ( 1898).

The Museum is open Monday-Saturday I0.30a.m.- 5.00p.m. and Su nday 2.00-5.00p.m. For funher in formation please contact Peter Boughton. Keeper of Art.

There are two associated educational activities: On Saturday 3 April at 2.00p.m .. Peter Howell . Chairman of the Victorian Society. will give a lecture on John Douglas at the Museum. On Sunday 25 April at 3.00p.m. . Graham Fisher. Vice-President of the Chester Civic Trust. will lead a walking tour of John Douglas in Chester. starting from the Museum. Tickets (lecture £2. walk £1) are available from the Education Service. Grosvenor Museum, 27 Grosvenor Street. Chester. CHI 2DD. tel. (0244) 321616 (10.00a.m. - 2.00p.m.)

P. Boughton ***************

THE PARISH CHURCH OF ST THOMAS THE APOSTLE, SOUTHWARK

Your contributor referred, in the last Newsletter. to this church as 'designed by. or the work of a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren'. This claim is understandable for. as Bridget Cherry and Nikolaus Pevsner have commented 1 'it looks like a minor City church. red brick with stone quoins'. The tower certainly resembles that of St Andrew-by­ the-Wardrobe and the south side of the building has much in comm on with St Michael Paternoster Royal.

The church was rebuilt in 1700-3 wi th the aid of a grant of £3000 from the tax on coal com in g into the Port of London which was extended in 16972 to enable St Paul's cathedral and the City churches to be finished. This grant was subject to approval from the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of London and the Lord Mayor of London - the Commissioners with responsibility fo r rebuilding the Cit y parish churches after the fire of 1666. Who else would they turn to for a design but to Sir Christopher Wren?

Wren's involvement in the rebuilding of St Thomas's may also be inferrt d fro m the entry in the first draft of Parentalia3, the memoirs of the Wren family assembled by his son. Christopher Wren junior, which attributed the design of St Thomas's church to him. However. the reference to St Thomas was removed from the 1750 version of the tex t, published by Wren's grandson. Stephen Wren. suggesting that the family at least had become aware that this particular church was not by Sir Christopher.

Wren's position as a Governor of the hospit al has been noted by our correspondent. His name occurs in a 1718 list of Governors4 , but this is not surprising - the hospital was very short of money and many private indi viduals were invited to become Governors and then to contribute to its costs. Wren was reported to the Committee as a fit person

Bridget Cherry and Nikolaus Pevsner. The Buildings of England. London 2: South .. (1983), p.587

2 Commons J. 1693-7. vol.10. p.697: 8 & 9 Wil li am III. cap. 14.

3 BL MS ADD 2507 1.

4 GLRO Hl/ST/A64/l/I. to be made a Governor in 16915 but the records of the meetings of the Governors at the close of the century do not show him as attending and there is no mention of him in the Court minutes. His name does not feature on lists of benefactors in the period 1693-c. I 7206. Like many of the Governors similarly appointed. his connection with the hospital was tenuous. to say the least.

By the end of the 17th century Wren was doing very liltle by way of designing and it is most unlikely that he. personally, would have been involved with such a minor building. There is evidence to suggest that many of the City churches attributed to him were. in fact. designed by Robert Hooke. and St Thomas's church is closer in design to these, rather than those of Wren. But Hooke seems to have retired in 1693, his place taken by Nicholas Hawksmoor. Stylistically there is nothing about the church to suggest that it was designed by the latter, his mature style is nowhere in evidence and there are no motifs that recall his later work. as e.g. at St Mary Woolnoth or Christchurch. Spitalfields. To the contrary. there is much to suggest that whoever designed it was somewhat old fashioned, which Hawksmoor never was.

Another possibility is that the church may have been designed by William Dickinson who had taken John Oliver's place at the St Paul's office. There is no evidence to suggest that Dickinson produced any designs for the Commissioners prior to the depart me of Hawksmoor in about 170 I. Moreover. although hi s unbuilt designs for the 1711 Act Commissioners are nothing like those of Hawksmoor. they are also quite unlike St Thomas. Southwark. The attribution of the church to him . as to Hawksmoor. must be rejected.

If neither Wren nor those in his office concerned wi th designing churches was responsible to whom then may we credit St Thomas the Apostle?

The answer, it would seem. lies in the events of 1693. Sir Robert Clayton. Lord Mayor of London (and therefore a Commissioner for the rebuilding of the City churches) in 1679-80. was appointed President of the hospital. At that time the hospital buildings were in poor condition and Sir Robert immediately set about rebuilding them. In this task he was aided by Thomas Cartwright. an acti ve governor of the hospital and master mason who had earlier worked on a small number of the City churc hes 7. He prod uced a master plan for the rebuilding of the entire hospital. including the church. A plan surviv ing in the hospital archives8 is probably a copy of th is. A number of changes were made to it as the work proceeded. but the hospital and church were rebuilt very largely to this plan of 1693.

In 1693 the minutes of the Hospital Grand Committee record:

'Mr Cartwright to draw out the scantli ngs and all sorts of work to be done by each workman: that copies may be given to workmen in order to agree for building by ye great...'9 and a little later:

'Mr Cartwright to hasten ye proposals fo r workmen' 10

5 F.G. Parsons. The History of St Thomas's Hospi tal. (1 932) p.123.

6 Benjamin Golding. History of St Thomns's Hospital. 1819. p.93.

7 Thomas Cartwright had been employed by Wren in the rebuilding of three of the City churches. St. Antholin. St Benet Fink and St Mary-le-Bow. His name is also recorded in connection with a number of contracts for minor amount s of work elsewhere in the Ci ty. mostl y in the period 1670-80. On his death payments for mason's work were made to his son. Thomas Cartwri ght junior. who had served an apprenticeship under him. bein g made free of the Mason's Company of the Ci1y on 1 September 169 1.

8 GLRO HI /ST/A l 14/1.

9 GLRO Hl/ST/A6/3. 23 June 1693.

10 Ihi.Q. 28 June 1693. Thus there can be little doubt that the control of the building was in Cartwright's hands. What is not clear is the extent to which he was following instructions from Clayton. although the interpretation of these instrucl.ions and their translal.ion into working drawings. was undoubtedly by Cartwright.

In 1700 the Governors recorded that the Lord M ayor and Bishop of London had signed a scheme for rebuilding the church, in accordance with the Act of Parliament...' I 1. There may then have been detailed plan and elevation drawings for the new church. but if so. they have not survived. It may however be surmised that the north front of the church must always have been intended to have giant pilasters wi th Ionic capitals, separated by sash windows. which matched the rest of the hospital court or cloister on the north side of the church. This strongly supports the argument that the architect of the church was the architect of th e hospital.

Alterations to the design of the church were made as the construcl.ion proceeded. These were intended to provide improvements. not to the church. but to the hospital. As the construction was in the hands of Cartwright it would not be unreasonable to suggest that the detailing for these came from him, although the ideas may have come from elsewhere. These changes include ex tending a hospital block to meet the north wall of the church. (depriving the church of windows at the western end of the north wall). and a resil.ing of the tower on the south wall. 12 making the old tower site outside the west wall available for hospital ward expansion.

Cartwright seems to have died in 1702 and his contract as mason for the hospital was taken over by his son. A dec ision was taken at about that Lime to change the design of the roof. probably to give the church a serviceable garret. such as were built elsewhere in the hospi tal. The design of this new roof. which may have included a deeper parapet to hide the dormer windows and a pediment to increase the height of the elevation. was undertaken by someone named only as 'Mr. Cooper's friend'. who was paid 2 guineas for his trouble. No other payment for design work has been noted and it is assumed that the designing by Cartwright was sufficiently recompensed by the mason's contract.

The old church was pulled down in 1698-9. The foundations were cleared and new ones laid on the south side towards the street. The walls were then raised to a height of twelve feet before they were boarded over for the winter of 1700-1. Construction of the walls of the church and tower was resumed in March 170 I ; the church was roofed and covered with lead later that year. It was plastered and painted in 1702 and fitted out with pews in 1703. It was then essentially complete. although a few bills were outstanding until 1706. As befitting a building erected with public money. the building accounts were audited. the auditor being Reginald Marriott who also handled the accounts for the rebuilding of St. Paul's cathedral and the City Churches.

CRAFTSMENl3

Thomas Cartwright and son. masons £ 980.00.00 Christopher Johns & James Mason. bricklayers 1047.00.00 Robert Calcutt. carpenter 724.04.00 William Jeffs. carpenter 60.00.00 William Abbott . j oiner 373.1 1.00 Jonathan Maine. carver 21.00.00

11 llliQ, 2 1 March 1700.

12 The leg of the late-med iaeval tower containing the stair well was recased in brick; it survives in the present building. giving an odd plan to the tower. There are two doors from the street leading to the base of the tower - surely one would have been enough. Did the ori ginal design have two doors. one to the body of the ch urch and one to the tower when it was to be sited further west?

13 GLRO Hl/ST/P3.

See also RCHM London. V. London fa1si. 1909. pp.5-6: St Thomas' Hospital Court Minutes. GLRO Hl/ST/Al /6: E. M .Mclnnes. StThomns Hospi!!ll. (1963). pp.64-6: 190-1 ; Edward Hatt on. ANew Viewof London (1708) p.575. Samuel Hutton, plumber 240.00.00 Samuel Keimer, smith 74.10.00 Zachery Gisbum, ironmonger 7.00.00 David Ellis, plasterer 56. 10.00 Matthew Whittaker, glazier 6.00.00 James Wilson, glazier 4.10.00 Zachery Clarke, painter 25.10.00 William Wright, painter 14.05.00 miscellaneous expenditure 84 .1 5.06

total £37 18. 15.06

This cost of £371 8.15.06 was. to a small ex tent, offset by the sale of the lead. tiles. timber and iron from the old church: it includes the fittin g of the new pews and may also have included the new pulpit, which is dated 1702. and the reredos, whic h has the undifferentiated Stuart royal coat of arms of the time. The joiner, William Abbott was responsible for these with. pres um ably, carvin g by Jonathan Maine.

Most of the workmen were local residents with few other commissions recorded to their cred it. Robert Calcutt. carpenter, was paid for work at St Lawrence Jewry in 1678-84 and William Wright . painter, for work at St Magnus­ the-Martyr in 1707. Zachery Gisburn (or Gisborne), ironm onger. supplied goods for St Paul's from 1718. Jonathan Maine was a well-known carver who worked on St Paul's and a number of the City churches.

Paul Jeffery

***************

THE MONUMENTS IN THE PRIORY CHURCH OF ST. MARY'S, ABERGA VENNY

Anyone who saw the extremely successful Age of Chi\'Olry ex hibition at the Royal Academy. London. in 1987-88. is likely to have been struck by the large number of objects lent from ecclesiastical sources. In fact. the overwhelming majority of national works of art that remain from the Middle Ages do so because they have been kept in cathedrals, abbeys. or parish churches. If they had not been preserved in this way, knowledge of such things as the medieval stained glass. wood-carving. brass-engraving. wall-paintings and sculpt ure in this coun try would be negligible. Particularly important are the tombs with effigies. often accompanied by subsid iary fig ures of saints. angels and mourners. found in many churches all over the country: they provide virtually the onl y three-dimensional representations available of medieval people. as we ll as major sources of infonnation about genealogy. heraldry. costume and armour.

Apart from such buildings as Westminster Abbey and the great cathedrals. the parish church of All Saints. Harewood, Yorkshire. cont ains the largest single collection of medieval effi gies in Britain with twelve. dating from about 1419 to 1510. and all of alabaster. The ancient Priory Church of St. Mary's. Abergaven ny. comes second with ten fi gures covering a much wider period. ex tending from the middle of the th irteenth century to about 1510. including examples carved not onl y of alabaster. but also in wood and free stone.

The location of Abergavenn y made it a town of great strategic significance in the middle ages - the capital of an important lordshi p (later a barony) with walls and a castle. The wealth of monum ent s in the church was created because the great families who held the lordships of the town in the 13th and 14th centuries chose to be buried in the Priory Church of St. Mary. These families who held the lordshi p successive ly were de Braose. de Cantelupe and Hastings; later members of another great fam il y. the Herberts. made the sa me choice.

The earliest effigy there. is a mid l 3th centu ry stone fe male fi gure. probably Eva de Braose (d. 1256). whose marriage to William de Cantelupe brought the Lordship of Bergavenny to the la11er fam ily. This is followed by an early 14th centu ry wooden knight. identified as Sir John de Hastings (d. 1325), a product of the English Court workshop at Westminster. and one of the most beautiful pieces of medieval sc ulpture anywhere in Britain. It would ori ginally have been support ed on a tomb. and a freestone frieze carved with fi gures of warriors under an arcade and now used as an altar-fro nt. probably formed part of this. Next come two mid 14th cent ury knight s, both probably members of the Hastings fa mil y. an unidenti fied freestone lady of about 1360. and then. in the Herbert Chapel. the great glories of the church. three alabaster tombs. Elaborately carved with saints and other fi gures. including a remarkable Coronation of the Virgin group. and supporting five effigies between them. they commemorate Sir William ap Thomas (d. 1446) and his wife (daughter of David Garn. the original of Shakespeare's Fluellen). Sir Richard Herbert of Coldbrook (executed after the Baille of Banbury in 1469) and his wife. and Sir Richard Herbert of Ewyas (d. 1510). All are outstanding examples of the work of the Midland alabastermen. whose products were England's one internationally known art export in the later Middle Ages. Finally. another outstanding piece of medieval sculpture of a different kind must be mentioned: a monumental 151h century oak figure of Jesse - father of the biblical King David - once supporting a "Tree of Jesse". illustrating the descent of Jesus from him. It almost certainly formed the reredos 10 the High Allar of the Priory. and when complete must have been of gigantic proportions.

Apart from the medieval pieces. the church contains a number of good later monuments, including two tombs with effigies. respectively of Dr. David Lewis (d. 1584). Judge of the High Court of Admiralty. and of Judge Andrew Powell (d. 1638) and his wife. The former is a notable signed example of the work of the Hereford tomb sculptor. John Gildon.

The two earliest effigies, the 14th century lady and the figu re of Jesse are in reasonably good condition, but all the others are in need of conservation. some urgently so. Over the years they have been affected 10 a greater or lesser extent by rising damp. and the alabasters in particular have suffered badly. partl y because the material is a soft and soluble one and therefore very easily damaged. but al so because they have al some ti me - probably when the Herbert Chapel was used as a school - been dismantled and incompetentl y reassembled. One of the 14th century knights is under an arch in an outer wall which is affected by damp. Other freestone figures. are covered with later paint under which much original polychrome appears to survive. 11 has been estimated that to deal with all these problems effectively will cost in the region of £250.000. and. though the fi gures are ge nerally recognised as forming an important part of the cultural heritage of the nation as a whole. and not merely of the locality where they are kept. the responsibility for finding this sum rests entirely on the parish. It is well beyond our normal resources. but we are accepting the responsibility and intend to raise ii from outside sources.

The importance of the Abergavenny monuments was recognised as long ago as the first Eli zabethan age, and the appropriately named Thomas Churchyard included desc1ip1ions of them in his long poem The Worthiness of Wales. published in 1587. He starts with the lines:

Though castle here through tract of time is wom, A church remains !hOI worlhy is of 110/e, Where worthy 111 e11 tha! ha ve been nobly bom Were laid i11 tomb, who else had bee11forgo1, And buried clean i11 grave pas! mind of man

More than four centuries later all the monuments he saw still survi ve in the church. and the "worthy men" - and women - are still remembered. though now more fo r the works of an by which they are commemoraled than for their lives. If we do not take action now 10 preserve them ii is un likely that our descendants wi ll be able to say the same. even one century from now .

Claude Blair

Members wishin g to contribute towards the conservation of the monum ent s should con1ac1 Mr. G.J . Jenkins. 18. Fosterville Crescent. Abergavenny, Gwent. NP7 5HG.

***************

N. B. The views expressed by co11tribu1ors i11 1his Newsle 11 er are !heir own and do 1101 necessarily reflecl !hose of the Socie1y or ifs Council.

*************** VISITS II II

The season of tours starts earlier than in previous years with visits on Saturday. 13th March and Saturday. 3rd April. 1993. It is not possible at the time of going to press to give dates for the Summer as replies from those approached have been slow in coming back! Details will be available in the next issue.

Please return the attached sheet (see peach page) 10 Mr. K.J. Fryer. JO. Coronation Road, Sheerness, Kent ME12 2QN. Early booking helps with arrangements. Kindly enclose a stamped addressed envelope and for each booking a cheque to the Society. Friends and famil y are welcome.

SATURDAY 13th MARCH RAMSGATE, KENT

Programme compiled with the assistance of member. Dom. Bede Millward of St. Augustine's Abbey. Please meet at Ramsgate railway station at 10.00 a.m. There will be train connections from London. It is expected to make the tour on foot. There should be time to see some of Ramsgate's interesting seaside architecture. If you would like to stay overnight please indicate and an accommodation list will be sent to you. Tour will begin with a visit to St. Lawrence church and coffee. Holy Trinity and St. George's in the town centre will be visited. There will be time to obtain lunch from one of the many establishments in the town. Afternoon visit 10 St. Augustine's Abbey wi th tea and cakes. It is hoped also to visit Pugin's house at the Grange. which is being restored. during our tour. £3 should cover the day's expenses : payable in advance.

SATURDAY 3rd APRIL CAMBRIDGESHIRE CHURCHES

Coach will travel from North Kent (pick ups by arrangement but probably Dartford and Brentwood. Main pick up at Audley End station to meet train from London. (9.08 ex Liverpool Street: 9.58 ex Cambridge) Leave Audley End at 10.15 Visits to:-

ICKLETON (St. Mary) with coffee WHJTTLESFORD (St. Mary and St. Andrew) BARRINGTON (All Saints) Lunch should be available at Barrington where pubs are to be found near an attractive vi llage green. THRIPLOW (St. George) It is "Daffodil Day" and for a small charge man y gardens and houses are open in the village. The church will be decorated and there will be lots of activities and craft s demonstrations. Refreshments available. Back at Audley End station by 19.00. £10 fare and coffee. BOOKING FORM FOR SPRING TOURS II II SATURDAY 13 MARCH 1993, RAMSGATE, KENT

I require ___ ticket(s) for the visit to Ramsgate

I enclose a cheque for ___ (£3 per head)

SATURDAY 3 APRIL 1993, CAMBRIDGESHIRE CHURCHES

I require ___ ticket(s) for the tour to Cambridgeshire

I enclose a cheque for ___ (£10 per head)

I should like to be picked up at Audley End Station or ______

REMEMBER TO ENCLOSE A SAE

Please return to: Mr K J Fryer, 10 Coronation Road, Sheerness, Kent, ME12 2QN

Enclose a stamped addressed envelope and cheque for each visit.

NAME:

ADDRESS:

TELEPHONE:

NAME OF OTHER PARTICIPANTS (indicating tours)

DO NOT WRITE BELOW. THIS PORTION WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU Thank you for your booking.

___ places for Rarn s~ ate have been booked (March 13th)

Please be at the station at ______

___ places for Cambddgeshire have been booked (April 3rd)

Please be at _ ___ at ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

§!lluccrs~or of tfJt ~mbrib«t ~mbtn &ocidp of 1839

PRESIOBNT:

S.E. Dykes Bower, M.A., F.R.I.B.A., P.S.A., Surveyor Emeritus of Westminsur Abbey

OUTLINE PROGRAMME FOR 1993

For further details of the events listed below see particulars in the Ecclesiological Society Newsle tter or contact Trevor Cooper on 081 942 2111.

Wednesday 27th. January at 7.00 p.m.: Visit to the William Butterfield's Church of St. Alban the Martyr, Brooke Street, Holborn, London, E.C.l., to see the Church and the recently completed New Hope Hall (after Low Mass at 6.30 p . m.).

Thursday 25th. February at 6.30 p.m.: Lecture at the Church of St . Andrew by the Wardrobe, St . Andrew's Hill, London, E.C . 4 ., The Church of Magnus the Martyr in the City, John Wittich, F.R.S.A •.

Saturday 13th. March: Visit to churches in Ramsgate.

Wednesday 24th. March at 6.30 p.m.: Lecture at the Church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, St. Andrew's Hill, London, E.C.4., Catholic Churches in East London, Rosemarie Taylor, local historian.

Saturday 3rd. April: Visit to churches in Cambridgeshire (Ickleton, Whittlesford, Barrington and Thriplow).

Wednesday 21st. April at 6.30 p.m.: Lecture at the Church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, St. Andrew's Hill, London, E.C.4., The Church of St. Mary Aldemanbury: A successful transplant, Noel Mander, Organ builder and historian.

Thursday 13th. May at 1.00 p.m.: Annual Service at the Church of St. Mary Abchurch, Abchurch Lane, London, E.C.4 •.

Tuesday 18th. May at 6.30 p.m.: Annual General Meeting and Reception at the Church of St . Mary Abchurch, Abchurch Lane, London, E.C.4.; guest speaker, The Rt. Rev. Richard Chartres, Bishop of Stepney.

Wednesday 16th. June at 6.30 p.m.: Visit to Westminster. Cathedral, Ashley Place, London, S.W.1., to see current works of repair and restoration and behind the scenes, led by John Phillips, F.R.I.B.A., The Cathedral Architect.

Tuesday 6th. July: Visit to churches ,in Dartford.

Wednesday 14th. July at 4.00 p.m.: Visit to Henry VI I's Chapel at Westminster Abbey, London, S.W .1., to see current works of repair and restoration. led by Donald Buttress, F.S.A., A.R . I.B.A., Surveyor of the Fabric .

Saturday 3lst. July at 11.00 a.m.: Visit to St. Helen's Cathedral, Brentwood, to see the recently completed building, led by The Rt. Rev. Thomas MacMahon, Bishop of Brentwood and also, it is hoped, by the architect , Mr. Quinla n Terry.

Wednesday 8th. September at 6.30 p.m.: Lectu re at the Church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, St . Andrew 's Hill, London, E. C.4., Post-Reformation Burial Vaults in Parish Churches, Julian Litten, Historian .

Saturday 2nd. October: Visit to churches in Wiltshire, centred on West Dean.

Wednesday 6th. October at 6.30 p.m.: Lecture at the Church of St . Andrew by the Wardrobe, St . Andrew 's Hill, London, E.C .4., Sacred and Splendid; The Work of Sir Ninian Camper, Keith Lovell, Architectural historian.

Wednesday 3rd. November at 6.30 p.m.: Lecture at the Church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, S t. Andrew's Hill, London, E.C.4., The Work of the Practice of George Pace, Ronald Sims and Peter Pace, Architects .

Wednesday lst. December at 6.30 p.m.: Lecture at the Church of St . Andrew by the Wardrobe, St. Andrew 's Hill, London, E.C . 4., The Repair and Restoration of Westminster Abbey: Ten Years On, Donald Buttress, F . S.A., A.R.I.B.A~, Surveyor of the Fabric, followed by Reception .

For further information about The Ecclesiological Society, contact Paul Velluet, R.I.B.A., 9, Bridge Road, St. Margarets, Twickenham, T.W.1. 1 . R. E .; telephone 081 891 3825.