DOCSLIB.ORG

ABSTRACT MONACELL, JAMES TRENTADUE. Identification Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ABSTRACT MONACELL, JAMES TRENTADUE. Identification Of ABSTRACT MONACELL, JAMES TRENTADUE. Identification of Heterokaryon Incompatibility Genes in Aspergillus using Array Comparative Genome Hybridization and Whole Genome Sequencing. (Under the direction of Dr. Ignazio Carbone.) Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous ascomycete most noted as a pathogen of economically important crops such as corn, peanuts, and cotton. A. flavus poses a multifaceted threat causing crop loss, contaminating food with carcinogenic mycotoxins, aflatoxins (AF) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), as well as infecting humans and animals. A. flavus contamination has cost millions of dollars in crop loss, several outbreaks of aflatoxins laden foods and dog foods have occurred in recent years resulting in human and animal deaths, in addition to direct infection in immuno-compromised individuals. In addition to sexual reproduction, this fungus has the potential to undergo genetic exchange between compatible strains via heterokaryon formation, or parasexuality. Heterokaryon incompatibility is the inability of two strains to undergo fusion of vegetative fungal cells. This vegetative compatibility system is dictated by a series of heterokaryon incompatibility (het) loci whose alleles must all be identical for stable hyphal fusions to occur. Het loci have been identified in several filamentous fungi. This work provides the first characterization of het loci in Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Fungal individuals can be grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) based on their ability to undergo hyphal fusions and potentially form heterokaryons. A major goal of this work is to seek a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling heterokaryon incompatibility to improve control methods of this important agricultural pathogen. We performed array-Comparative Genome Hybridization (aCGH) for eleven VCGs and a total of 51 strains in Aspergillus section Flavi, including A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. oryzae, A. caelatus, A. tamarii and A. nomius. We conducted an initial screening of these data for signatures of balancing selection around single-feature polymorphism markers on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, and 6, which previous work showed to associate closely with VCG. Our screening for evidence of balancing selection revealed 12 putative het loci showing distinct patterns of trans-speciation. Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of fourteen Aspergillus flavus, two A. parasiticus, one A. nomius and two strains of A. tubingensis from Aspergillus section Nigri. To find homologs of het genes in our species of interest we performed blast searches using the putative het genes in Neurospora crassa, Podospora anserina, and Sordaria macrospora, also searching against the published genomes of A. flavus (NRRL 3357), A. oryzae (RIB 40), and A. nidulans (FGSC A4). We found numerous homologs of het genes from other species as well as evidence of gene duplication in our species of interest. There was no apparent correlation between fertility, measured as the percentage of ascospore-bearing ascocarps, and het gene copy number. However, the presence of alleles with matching WD repeats in parental strains seems to correlate with fertility, suggesting that the HNWD gene family may be important in sexual reproduction. A secondary objective of this work was to develop a web-based portal frontend using the Mobyle portal framework which executes a suite of over 189 programs, including population genetic, genome assembly and analysis tools, as well as metagenomic and large- scale phylogenetic analyses. The Mobyle SNAP Workbench web portal allows end users to 1) execute and manage otherwise complex command-line programs, 2) launch multiple exploratory analyses of parameter-rich and computationally intensive methods, and 3) track the sequence of steps and parameters that were used to perform a specific analysis. A public deployment of the portal is available at http://snap.hpc.ncsu.edu/. © Copyright 2014 James T Monacell All Rights Reserved Identification of Heterokaryon Incompatability Genes in Aspergillus using Array Comparative Genome Hybridization and Whole Genome Sequencing by James Trentadue Monacell A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Bioinformatics Raleigh, North Carolina 2014 APPROVED BY: _______________________________ ______________________________ Ignazio Carbone Eric Stone Committee Chair ________________________________ ________________________________ Dahlia Nielsen Gary Payne BIOGRAPHY James Trentadue Monacell was born February 26, 1986 in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2008 he received his Bachelor of Science in Computer Science with a minor in Applied Biology from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. Later that year he began work on his PhD at North Carolina State University. He joined the Carbone lab to research fungal genetics as well as develop online Bioinformatics tools. He married Kellie Bailey in 2011, and they had their first child, James Douglas, in 2013. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Sexual reproduction in Aspergillus flavus ........................................................... 3 1.3 Heterokaryon Incompatibility .............................................................................. 8 1.4 Research Objectives ............................................................................................. 8 1.5 References ............................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 2 Mobyle SNAP Workbench: A web-based analysis portal for population genetics and evolutionary genomics .......................................................... 15 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Systems and Methods .......................................................................................... 19 2.3 Framework ........................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Implementation .................................................................................................... 22 2.5 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 23 2.6 References ............................................................................................................ 24 CHAPTER 3 Identifying heterokaryon incompatibility loci in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus using array Comparative Genome Hybridization ........ 26 3.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................ 27 3.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 28 3.3 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 31 3.3.1 Multilocus sequence typing (MLST ........................................................... 31 3.3.2 Array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH ...................................... 32 3.3.3 Identifying putative het loci ........................................................................ 36 3.4 Results .................................................................................................................. 36 3.4.1 MLSTs ........................................................................................................ 36 3.4.2 Signatures of Balancing Selection .............................................................. 40 3.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 40 3.6 References ............................................................................................................ 48 CHAPTER 4 Characterization of putative heterokaryon incompatibility loci in Aspergillus flavus and allied species ............................................................................. 53 iii 4.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................ 54 4.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 55 4.3 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 61 4.3.1 Strains, DNA isolation and genome sequencing......................................... 61 4.3.2 Preprocessing reads and genome assembly ................................................ 67 4.3.3 Search for het homologs ............................................................................. 67 4.3.4 Phylogenetic analysis .................................................................................. 68 4.4 Results .................................................................................................................. 69 4.4.1 Genome assemblies ....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Characterization of Aspergillus Flavus Soil and Corn Kernel Populations from Eight Mississippi River States Jorge A
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 11-13-2017 Characterization of Aspergillus Flavus Soil and Corn Kernel Populations From Eight Mississippi River States Jorge A. Reyes Pineda Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Reyes Pineda, Jorge A., "Characterization of Aspergillus Flavus Soil and Corn Kernel Populations From Eight Mississippi River States" (2017). LSU Master's Theses. 4350. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4350 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS SOIL AND CORN KERNEL POPULATIONS FROM EIGHT MISSISSIPPI RIVER STATES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by Jorge A. Reyes Pineda B.S., Universidad Nacional de Agricultura-Honduras 2011 December 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first thank God who gave me the strength and perseverance to complete the requirements for this degree, and second, I thank my family. Without their unconditional support and encouragement, I would have never been able to achieve this endeavor. I would like to thank my advisory committee, Drs.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspergillus Species and Mycotoxins: Occurrence and Importance in Major Food Commodities
    Aspergillus species and mycotoxins: occurrence and importance in major food commodities Marta Hiromi Taniwaki1*, John I. Pitt2, Naresh Magan3 1Food Technology Institute, ITAL, C.P. 139, Campinas SP, CEP 13078-170, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 2CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. Email: [email protected] 3Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, U.K. email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Aspergillus species produce important mycotoxins, in particular aflatoxins, produced by A. flavus and related species, and ochratoxin A, produced by A. ochraceus and related species and also A. carbonarius and (less commonly) A. niger. In this review we briefly discuss the distribution of toxigenic Aspergillus species in nuts, coffee and cocoa beans, dried fruits, grapes, maize, rice and small grains. Future perspectives of distribution of Aspergillus species in foods is briefly discussed taking into account the impacts of climate change and the resilience of these mycotoxigenic species. Introduction Aspergillus is one of the three fungal genera most important in the spoilage of foodstuffs and in the production of mycotoxins, the others being Fusarium and Penicillium. Aspergillus species are the best adapted to growth in the tropics, as common species rarely grow below 10°C and most grow strongly at 37°C or above [1]. Most species that occur commonly in foods are xerophilic, with major toxin producers all able to grow down to, or near to, 0.80 water activity [1]. Some are strictly saprophytic, growing only after harvest, while some are commensals, able to grow in some plant crops and developing nuts or kernels before harvest without causing damage to the crop.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Secondary Metabolism Regulation and Pathways in the Aspergillus Genus
    THE EVOLUTION OF SECONDARY METABOLISM REGULATION AND PATHWAYS IN THE ASPERGILLUS GENUS By Abigail Lind Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Biomedical Informatics August 11, 2017 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Antonis Rokas, Ph.D. Tony Capra, Ph.D. Patrick Abbot, Ph.D. Louise Rollins-Smith, Ph.D. Qi Liu, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people helped and encouraged me during my years working towards this dissertation. First, I want to thank my advisor, Antonis Rokas, for his support for the past five years. His consistent optimism encouraged me to overcome obstacles, and his scientific insight helped me place my work in a broader scientific context. My committee members, Patrick Abbot, Tony Capra, Louise Rollins-Smith, and Qi Liu have also provided support and encouragement. I have been lucky to work with great people in the Rokas lab who helped me develop ideas, suggested new approaches to problems, and provided constant support. In particular, I want to thank Jen Wisecaver for her mentorship, brilliant suggestions on how to visualize and present my work, and for always being available to talk about science. I also want to thank Xiaofan Zhou for always providing a new perspective on solving a problem. Much of my research at Vanderbilt was only possible with the help of great collaborators. I have had the privilege of working with many great labs, and I want to thank Ana Calvo, Nancy Keller, Gustavo Goldman, Fernando Rodrigues, and members of all of their labs for making the research in my dissertation possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens and Associated Fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
    The Lichenologist (2020), 52,61–181 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079 Standard Paper Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Toby Spribille1,2,3 , Alan M. Fryday4 , Sergio Pérez-Ortega5 , Måns Svensson6, Tor Tønsberg7, Stefan Ekman6 , Håkon Holien8,9, Philipp Resl10 , Kevin Schneider11, Edith Stabentheiner2, Holger Thüs12,13 , Jan Vondrák14,15 and Lewis Sharman16 1Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 4Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Departamento de Micología, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 6Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 7Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; 8Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway; 9NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; 10Faculty of Biology, Department I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; 11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; 13Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; 14Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 15Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic and 16Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues S L T I F U N O N R T O I S P T
    Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia m o f r o f e Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues s l t i f u n o n r t o i s p t e a c i h s i c n l e a d i g n i c r x a e o s t m d a l n f m o a o c m d l Mycobiota and aflatoxigenic profile of n o a t a e n a s t o Portuguese almonds and chestnuts from e i o t u i c g b u u o production to commercialisation t d c r o y o r M P p s e u g i r d o R o d e v e z A a n i t s i r C a l u a P 0 1 0 2 | o h n i M U November 2010 Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues Mycobiota and aflatoxigenic profile of Portuguese almonds and chestnuts from production to commercialisation Dissertation for PhD degree in Chemical and Biological Engineering Supervisors Professor Doutor Nelson Lima Doutor Armando Venâncio November 2010 The integral reproduction of this thesis or parts thereof is authorized only for research purposes provided a written declaration for permission of use Universidade do Minho, November 2010 Assinatura: THIS THESIS WAS PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND THROUGH THE GRANT REF . SFRH/BD/28332/2006, AND BY FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA AND POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BRAGANÇA THROUGH THE GRANT REF .
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy, Chemodiversity, and Chemoconsistency of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces Species
    View metadata,Downloaded citation and from similar orbit.dtu.dk papers on:at core.ac.uk Dec 20, 2017 brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology Taxonomy, chemodiversity, and chemoconsistency of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces species Frisvad, Jens Christian Published in: Frontiers in Microbiology Link to article, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00773 Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Frisvad, J. C. (2015). Taxonomy, chemodiversity, and chemoconsistency of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces species. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, [773]. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00773 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. MINI REVIEW ARTICLE published: 12 January 2015 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00773 Taxonomy, chemodiversity, and chemoconsistency of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces species Jens C. Frisvad* Section of Eukaryotic Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Edited by: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces are among the most chemically inventive of Jonathan Palmer, United States all fungi, producing a wide array of secondary metabolites (exometabolites).
    [Show full text]
  • Composition and Specialization of the Lichen Functional Traits in a Primeval Forest—Does Ecosystem Organization Level Matter?
    Article Composition and Specialization of the Lichen Functional Traits in a Primeval Forest—Does Ecosystem Organization Level Matter? Anna Łubek 1,*, Martin Kukwa 2 , Bogdan Jaroszewicz 3 and Patryk Czortek 3 1 Division of Environmental Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, PL-25-406 Kielce, Poland 2 Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gda´nsk, Wita Stwosza 59, PL-80-308 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] 3 Białowieza˙ Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Sportowa 19, PL-17-230 Białowieza,˙ Poland; [email protected] (B.J.); [email protected] (P.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Current trends emphasize the importance of the examination of the functional composition of lichens, which may provide information on the species realized niche diversity and community assembly processes, thus enabling one to understand the specific adaptations of lichens and their interaction with the environment. We analyzed the distribution and specialization of diverse mor- phological, anatomical and chemical (lichen secondary metabolites) traits in lichen communities in a close-to-natural forest of lowland Europe. We considered these traits in relation to three levels of forest ecosystem organization: forest communities, phorophyte species and substrates, in order to recognize the specialization of functional traits to different levels of the forest complexity. Traits related to the sexual reproduction of mycobionts (i.e., ascomata types: lecanoroid apothecia, lecideoid Citation: Łubek, A.; Kukwa, M.; apothecia, arthonioid apothecia, lirellate apothecia, stalked apothecia and perithecia) and asexual Jaroszewicz, B.; Czortek, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in the Omics Era – Past, Present and Future
    Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 16 (2018) 197–210 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/csbj Taxonomy and evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in the omics era – Past, present and future Chi-Ching Tsang a, James Y.M. Tang a, Susanna K.P. Lau a,b,c,d,e,⁎, Patrick C.Y. Woo a,b,c,d,e,⁎ a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong b Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong c State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong d Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong e Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong article info abstract Article history: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces are diverse, phenotypically polythetic genera encompassing species im- Received 25 October 2017 portant to the environment, economy, biotechnology and medicine, causing significant social impacts. Taxo- Received in revised form 12 March 2018 nomic studies on these fungi are essential since they could provide invaluable information on their Accepted 23 May 2018 evolutionary relationships and define criteria for species recognition. With the advancement of various biological, Available online 31 May 2018 biochemical and computational technologies, different approaches have been adopted for the taxonomy of Asper- gillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces; for example, from traditional morphotyping, phenotyping to chemotyping Keywords: Aspergillus (e.g. lipotyping, proteotypingand metabolotyping) and then mitogenotyping and/or phylotyping. Since different Penicillium taxonomic approaches focus on different sets of characters of the organisms, various classification and identifica- Talaromyces tion schemes would result.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of a Sexual Cycle in Aspergillus Lentulus, a Close Relative of A
    Discovery of a Sexual Cycle in Aspergillus lentulus, a Close Relative of A. fumigatus Sameira S. Swilaiman,a Céline M. O’Gorman,a S. Arunmozhi Balajee,b Paul S. Dyera School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdoma; Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USAb Aspergillus lentulus was described in 2005 as a new species within the A. fumigatus sensu lato complex. It is an opportunistic human pathogen causing invasive aspergillosis with high mortality rates, and it has been isolated from clinical and environmen- tal sources. The species is morphologically nearly identical to A. fumigatus sensu stricto, and this similarity has resulted in their frequent misidentification. Comparative studies show that A. lentulus has some distinguishing growth features and decreased in vitro susceptibility to several antifungal agents, including amphotericin B and caspofungin. Similar to the once-presumed-asex- ual A. fumigatus, it has only been known to reproduce mitotically. However, we now show that A. lentulus has a heterothallic sexual breeding system. A PCR-based mating-type diagnostic detected isolates of either the MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 genotype, and examination of 26 worldwide clinical and environmental isolates revealed similar ratios of the two mating types (38% versus 62%, respectively). MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorph regions were analyzed, revealing the presence of characteristic alpha and high-mobility-group (HMG) domain genes, together with other more unusual features such as a MAT1-2-4 gene. We then dem- onstrated that A. lentulus possesses a functional sexual cycle with mature cleistothecia, containing heat-resistant ascospores, being produced after 3 weeks of incubation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the California Lichen Society
    Bulletin of the California Lichen Society Volume 6 No. 1 Summer 1999 The California Lichen Society seeks to promote the appreciation, conservation, and study of the lichens. The interests of the Society include the entire western part of the continent, although the principal focus is on California. Dues are $18 per year ( $20 for foreign subscribers) payable to The California Lichen Societ y , 362 Scenic Ave., Santa Rosa, CA, 95407. Members receive the Bulletin and notices of meetings, fi eld trips, and workshops. Board Members of the California Lichen Society: President: Judy Robertson Vice President: Darrell Wright Secretary: Charis Bratt Treasurer: Bill Hill Member at Large: Richard Moe The Bulletin of the California Lichen Society (ISSN 1093-9148) is edited by Isabelle Tavares, Shirley Tucker, William Sanders, Richard Moe, and Darrell Wright and is produced by Richard Moe. The Bulletin welcomes manuscripts on technical topics in lichenology relating to western North America and on conservation of the lichens, as well as news of lichenologists and their activities. Manuscripts may be submitted to Richard Moe, Bulletin of the California Lichen Society, University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg . #2465, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465. The best way to submit manuscripts apart from short articles and announcements is by E-mail or on diskette in WordPerfect or Microsoft Word format; ASCII format is a very good alternative. Manuscripts should be double-spaced. Figures are the usual line drawings and sharp black and white glossy photos, unmounted, and must be sent by surface mail. A review process is followed . Nomenclature follows Esslinger and Egan 's Sixth Checklist (The Bryologist 98: 467-549, 1995), and subsequent on-line updates: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edulinstructl esslingel chcklstl chcklst7 .htm.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology and Evolution of Aspergillus Spp. Fungal Parasites in Honey Bees
    The Ecology and Evolution of Aspergillus spp. Fungal Parasites in Honey Bees Kirsten Foley Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. The University of Leeds School of Biology May 2013 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own, except where work which has formed part of jointly-authored publications has been included. The contribution of the candidate and the other authors to this work has been explicitly indicated after each chapter. The candidate confirms that appropriate credit has been given within the thesis where reference has been made to the work of others. Chapter 2 Foley, K., Fazio, G., Jensen, A. B., Hughes, W. O. H., 2012. Nutritional limitation and resistance to opportunistic Aspergillus parasites in honey bee larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 111, 68–73. The candidate, Kirsten Foley, designed the experiments, carried out the experimental work, analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. GF assisted with the experimental work, specifically the collection of bee larvae. ABJ assisted with the design of the experiments and provided training. WOHH supervised the work, assisted with the design of the experiments, the data analysis and drafting of the manuscript. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ⓒ 2013 The University of Leeds and Kirsten Foley 1 Acknowledgements There are many people I would like to thank for their help and support throughout the course of writing this thesis as well as those who helped me along the way.
    [Show full text]
  • Lists of Names in Aspergillus and Teleomorphs As Proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (Doi: 10.3852/14-0
    Lists of names in Aspergillus and teleomorphs as proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (doi: 10.3852/14-060), based on retypification of Aspergillus with A. niger as type species John I. Pitt and John W. Taylor, CSIRO Food and Nutrition, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia and Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA Preamble The lists below set out the nomenclature of Aspergillus and its teleomorphs as they would become on acceptance of a proposal published by Pitt and Taylor (2014) to change the type species of Aspergillus from A. glaucus to A. niger. The central points of the proposal by Pitt and Taylor (2014) are that retypification of Aspergillus on A. niger will make the classification of fungi with Aspergillus anamorphs: i) reflect the great phenotypic diversity in sexual morphology, physiology and ecology of the clades whose species have Aspergillus anamorphs; ii) respect the phylogenetic relationship of these clades to each other and to Penicillium; and iii) preserve the name Aspergillus for the clade that contains the greatest number of economically important species. Specifically, of the 11 teleomorph genera associated with Aspergillus anamorphs, the proposal of Pitt and Taylor (2014) maintains the three major teleomorph genera – Eurotium, Neosartorya and Emericella – together with Chaetosartorya, Hemicarpenteles, Sclerocleista and Warcupiella. Aspergillus is maintained for the important species used industrially and for manufacture of fermented foods, together with all species producing major mycotoxins. The teleomorph genera Fennellia, Petromyces, Neocarpenteles and Neopetromyces are synonymised with Aspergillus. The lists below are based on the List of “Names in Current Use” developed by Pitt and Samson (1993) and those listed in MycoBank (www.MycoBank.org), plus extensive scrutiny of papers publishing new species of Aspergillus and associated teleomorph genera as collected in Index of Fungi (1992-2104).
    [Show full text]