N otulae Entomologicae 59:139-144, 1979.

. "

Cryptoserphus and Belylinae (, ) parasitizing fungus-al:1dsoil-inhabiting Diptera . . :., . Lars. Huggert Abstraq HUGGERT LARS: Cryptoserphus a~d Belytinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Proc­ totrupoidea)' parasitizirig·fungus- and soil~inhabitingDiptera. - Notulae Entomol. 59 :139--4.44. 19.79. '. '. . . Some new information .is presented, which supports the vIew that the species of the genus Crypt,oserphus Kieffer, pi'oba.blyalI parasitize fungus g?ats (Mycetophiloidea);' Published and unpublished host records, or observatIOns indicating the host have been compiled .for the subfamily Belrti.nae. .~he scant data available point: to various groups of fungus- and soll-mhabltmg midges as the hos~ for' the B~lytinae.· ,Three ~ew c,ombinations are pro­ posed and one n~synonym, VIZ .. Acroptest'! flav~ventns Thoms~:m (= Anec" tata dispar Brischke ·syn.I).) .. A lect~ype IS deSIgnated for Cmetus. lanceo- latus Thomson. '. . '. .' . . . . Author's add~e:i5: L ..Huggert,· Sect: of Ecological Zoology, Dept. of BIO­ logy, Univ. of Ume~,~S,901 87 10mea, Sweden. Introduction ('.: ...... ' on the bionomics of the Proctotrupi­ dae, s'ome of the more important re­ Comparatively little is ·krtownabout," view studies are: NIXON (1938), JANS­ the hosts of the Prodotr.api'dae:and SON (1960), HEDQVIsT (1963), WEIDE­ the Belytinae. This is chielly:because' MANN (1962, 1965) and PSCHORN­ the potential hosts are not easily col:.. WALCHER (1971) (see also my refe- lected. From the available host reoords rences). From these papers, it is ob­ it is fairly clear that the wasps of . viousthat all are para- these two groups parasiti'zethe larvae' . sites on beetle larvae, except the of beetles (Coleoptera), ·fangusgnats. .. members of the genera Disogmus (Mycetophilidae, Sciaridae),···· winter c, • Forster and CryptoserphusKieffer, gnats (Trichocerida,:) and:p~oba?ly .. which attack larvae of fungus gnats. also other related mldgefa:rml~es hv­ 'Although there are several old records ing in the same type of h:abitat.A,s of Proctotrupidae living on fungus these presumed hosts all lead a more gnats (e.g. NEES AB ESE~BECK, 1834), or less hidden underground

I would now like to report some of my own observations of females of Cryptoserphus ovipositing in fungal sporophores.

Cryptoserphus laricis (Haliday, 1839) This species has not yet been reared, but it is frequently found on fungi (PSCHORN­ r WALCHER 1971). I once observed numerous females ovipositing between the lamellae of an agaric in a mixed spruce forest. Sweden, Vb: Klabbiile 1968-10-12, 3 9 preserved. Cryptoserphus aculeator (Haliday, 1839) As early as 1914 KIEFFER reported that this species was a parasite of fungus gnats, and this was one of the two species recorded by MASNER (1968) as having been reared from their pupae (from Mycetophila ruficollis Meig. and Exechia contaminata Winn.). I have twice seen females ovipositing between the FIG. 1. Female of Cryptoserphus foveolatus lamellae of Sarcomyxa serotina (Schrader) (MolIer) ovipositing into the spore duct of growing on dying trunks of Alnus incanus L. Suillus variegatus (Swartz). Sweden, Vb: in swampy deciduous woods. Sweden, Vb: Umea, Kulla 1978-09-18. Redrawn from a Umea, Teg 1974-09-06, 1 ~; Finland, Oa: photo. Isojoki 1977-09-04, 1 ~. Vb: Umea, Kulla 1978-09-16, 6 ~; 1978-09- Cryptoserphus foveolatus (Moller, 1882) 18, 2 ~. This species was also recorded from fungi (PSCHORN-WALCHER 1971), but has not been reared. In the autumn of 1978 I went to gather mushrooms in a very dry pine forest, with a field layer dominated by Calluna and Dlaprlldae: Belytlna8 Cladonia spp., just beyond Ume!. There, I was amazed to see unusually large Although several hundreds of spe­ numbers of Diptera and Hymenoptera flying cies of Belytinae are known from around and creeping about on the sporophores of three boleti species. Boletus pinicola Vitt., Europe and abundant collections are which is typical of a biotope of this kind, had frequently made, only a few species scattered occurrences, and its decaying sporo­ have ever been reared, and the circum­ phores were often crowded with larvae of stances of their collection seldom indi­ mycetophilids, and imagines of a braconid and a eucoilid of the genus Trybliographa Forster. cate the host. The few species that Suillus bovinus (L.) and S. variegatus (Swartz) have been su'Ccessfully reared were were about equally common and very numer­ all parasites on larvae of fungus and ous throughout the forest, but Proctotrupidae winter gnats living in mushrooms or in and Belytinae were attracted almost solely to the latter. Several females of Cryptoserpus rotten wood. Several species have been foveolatus were observed ovipositing on the reported from nests, but none have underside of the sporophores. When ovipositing definitely been bred from the . the females inserted not only the ovipositer, They may in fact be parasites of the but the whole metasoma into the ducts of the spore layer. The metasoma was much ants but it is more likely that they prolonged, as the borders between the seg­ simply happened to be collected to­ ments are not ringed (Fig. 1). gether with them. The wasps were Ovipositing individuals of C. foveolatus and probably looking for hosts connected belytins (see below) were observed only on relatively young, still growing, sporophores of with the material of the ant nests, S. variegatus and never on old ones or on with rotten wood, in which, for in­ those that were slightly collapsed. Only very stance, Lasius brunneus Latr. always small larvae of fungus gnats could be found has its nest. Numerous specimens of in the fungi attacked and no imagines or larvae of beetles were present. Thus, probably several genera of belytins may often all the species of the genus Cryptoserphus are be collected in a locality where no parasites on larvae of Mycetophilidae. Sweden, sporophores occur, or if they occur L. HUGGERT, CRYPTOSERPHUS AND BELYTINAE WASPS 141

then usually no belytins are to be seen vicauda (Zett.), which is known to live in the galleries of scolytids in conifers (BRAUNS on them. The reason why the few 1954; TuoMIKosKI 1960). host records that we know are con­ nected with the fruit bodies of macro­ Rhynchopsilus donisthorpei (Nixon, fungi may be that such habitats are 1931) easily found. The majority of the be­ England, Berks., Windsor Forest, in a nest of the ant Lasius brunneus Latr. (NIXON lytins probably parasitize midge larvae 1957) . living on mycelium, decaying plant remains, etc., down in the humus layer Acanosema reitteri Kieffer, 1909 (CHAMBERS, 1971). England, Berks., Windsor Park 1924-06-29, Contrary to the case with Procto- 2 ~ in a nest of the ant Lasius brunneus Latr. -trupidae, nobody seems to have sum­ (NIXON 1957). marized the published records of rear­ Acanosema nervosa (Thomson, 1858) ings of Belytinae or observations of England, SE London, Tulse Hill, 28 d potential hosts. I present here a com­ 15 ~ taken running on a rotten Prunus log in pilation of the records and observa­ which a species of Sciara was breeding (NIXON tions known to me. 1938, 1957). Anommatium ashmeadi Mayr, 1904 Acropiesta sciarivora Kieffer, 1907 England, Herts., King's Langley 1936-09- France, Bitche, reared from larvae of a 27, 1 ~, taken in the nest of Lasius flavus F. Sciara species (Kieffer 1916). (NIXON 1957). It is unlikely that the species is a parasite of this ant. Acropiesta flaviventris Thomson, 1858 Anectata dispar Brischke, 1891. n. syn. Synacra brachialis (Nees, 1834) This species was reared from larvae of England, Berks., Windsor Forest, with La­ Triehosia eaudata Walk. living in dark brown, sius brunneus Latr. (DONISTHORPE 1927). rotten alder wood in Finland (TuoMIKosKI 1957; HELLEN 1964). In the spring of 1976 I Synacra brevipennis Kieffer, 1910 found bright yellow Triehosia larvae, probably England, Kent, Charing, 1 ~ labelled of the above species, with black heads, in dark emerged 1903-09.15 from Ponera coarctata brown rotten logs of Alnus ineanus L. near (Latr.) (NIXON 1957). Possibly really bred Umea. A. flaviventris and a Conostigmus sp. from this ant. were bred in numbers from pieces of these logs. Sweden, Vb: Umea, Grossjon 1976-05.02, Synacra holconota Kieffer, 1910 9 d 7 ~; 1976-05·28, 4 d 7 .~~ England, Kent, 2 ~ 2 d bred from sciarid In 1891 BRISCHKE described. Aneetata larvae in a mushroom (NIXON 1957). dispar of both sexes reared by him in Lang­ fuhr, Germany, from larvae of ~iara ligni­ Synacra inquilina (Kieffer, 1905) perda Brischke living in dark brown, rotten Luxemburg, June 1904, in a nest of For- alder wood. Judging from the description mica sanguinea Latr. (KIEFFER 1916; (which is, however, rather poor), from the PSCHORN-WALCHER 1957; DESSART 1975). very large size of the species and from its bio­ nomics, it seems clear that Brischke's species is Synacra picea Kieffer, 1910 conspecific with A. flaviventris Th. Luxemburg, May 1905, in a nest of Lasius fUliginosus (Latr.) (KIEFFER 1916; PSCHORN­ Aeanthopsilus marshalli (Kieffer, 1907) WALCHER 1957; DESSART 1975). England, Weybridge, with Lasius fuliginosus (Latr.) (DONISTHORPE 1927). Synacra sociabilis (Kieffer, 1904) Netherlands, Exaeten, June 1898, collected Oxylabis bisulea (Nees, 1834) in a nest of Formica tusca L., Luxemburg, Netherlands, Valkenburg 1911-06·28, with May 1903, in a nest of Formica rufa L. Formica rufa L. (KIEFFER 1916; DESSART (KIEFFER 1916; PSCHORN- WALCHER 1957; 1975). In Germany, WALL (1968) reared this DESSART 1975). species several times from agarics. The mush­ rooms were probably attacked by Mycetophili­ Sundholmiella giraudi (Kieffer, 1910) dae. France, Mont de Marsan, from larvae of Tomicus piniperda (L.) and Orthotomicus la­ boleti Nees, 1834 rids (F.) (KIEFFER 1916). This species may Germany, Sickershausen 1810-10-10, nume­ in fact have been reared from Scolytidae rous individuals of both sexes seen on the (CoL), but the true host is more likely to be underside of Boletus edulis Bulliard. From the some midge, e.g. the sciarid Corynoptera fla- description this seems to be a Cinetus species NOTULAE ENTOMOLOGICAE 59, 1979

f the iridipennis group. Unfortunately, Nees's Cinetus atriceps (Kieffer, 1910) collection is believed to be destroyed, but if England, Berks., Windsor Great Park 1971- belytins are collected on boleti in the vicinity 10-23, 3 ~ em. 1971-11-20 bred from Exechia of Sickershausen there is a fair possibility that fusca Meig. in a Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca this species might be recognized. In fact, it (Wulfen ex Fr.) (CHANDLER, in litt.). might be conspecific with the Cinetus sp. be­ low. Cinetus iridipennis Lapeletier, 1825 WALL ( 1968) reared this species in Ger­ I Belyta depressa Thomson, 1858 many from various agarics. England, Darenth Wood, with Lasius fuligi­ nosus (Latr.) (DONISTHORPE 1927). Cinetus lanceolatus Thomson, 1858 Type material: Lectotype ~ (here designat­ Pantoclis scotica (Kieffer, 1909) ed), labelled "Srn", "Bhn", "Type". Only the England, Berks., Windsor Forest, with mesosoma, the wings and parts of the legs Lasius brunneus Latr. (DONISTHORPE 1927). are left, but careful comparison with fresh specimens revealed that it is evidently C. lan­ Zygota hemiptera (Thomson, 1858) ceolatus Th. as it is now understood. I should England, Berks., Windsor Forest, three point out here that the suture between tergites times, once in numbers with Lasius brunneus 2 and 3 is always visible, which is in contra­ Latr. (DONISTHORPE 1927). diction with what NIXON (1957) states, but in agreement with WALL (1968, fig. 1b). Zygota myrmecophila (Kieffer, 1904) Type in Riksmuseum, Stockholm. The second Germany, Linz am Rhein, September 1893, syntype in coli. Boheman, also in poor con­ in a nest of Formica exsecta (Nyl.) (KIEFFER dition, is labelled as above and "Leptorhaptus 1908; DESSART 1975). compressus Th. ~", probably in A. Jansson's handwriting. As the remnants agree well with Zygota lasiorum (Kieffer, 1904) that species, I have labelled it "Miota com­ Austria, Wien, Lainz July 1892, with the pressa (Th.) n. comb. In colI. Thomson, ant Lasius brunneus Latr. (KIEFFER 1916; Lund, there are two females from Austria and DESSART 1975). NIXON (1957) synonymized Germany, one of them determined by Nixon. this species with Z. fuscata (Thomson, 1858), They are C. lanceolatus Th., but one male but according to DESSART (1975) this is in­ seems to be C. excavatus Kieff. correct. DESSART was also uncertain about the Switzerland, 2 ~ were bred from a myceto­ generic position of this species. philid fly in a Boletus sp. (NIXON 1957). Sweden, Vb: Umea, KulIa 1978-09-16, 9~. Aclista bitensis (Kieffer, 1909) The Swedish females were observed ovipositing One female reared in England from a pupa into the spore ducts of Suillus variegatus of Mycetophilidae (NIXON 1957). Kent, Pond (Swartz) under the same conditions as Cryp­ Wood, Chislehurst em. 1971-12-18, 1 0, bred toserphus foveolatus (MalIer) (see above). from Mycetophilidae in Armillariella mellea When the female is ovipositing, the last (Vahl ex Fr.). This male was determined by three metasomatic segments, which at rest are Nixon with a query, as the keel on the first telescoped inside the metasomatic body formed flagellar segment seemed rather short by segments 11 and Ill, are fully extruded to (CHANDLER, in litt.). form a semihyaline tube.

Aclista haemorrhoidalis (Kieffer, 1910) Cinetus piceus Thomson, 1858 England, Surrey, Bookham, 4 0 10 ~ bred England, Bedfordshire, Aspley Heath. One in November from Mycetophilidae (NIXON individual was once seen inspecting an agaric 1957); Bedfordshire, Aspley Heath, one indi­ (CHAMBERS 1971). vidual was once seen inspecting an agaric (CHAMBERS, 1971). Cinetus sp. Sweden, Vb: Umea, Kulla 1978-09-16, 3 ~; Miota fungorum (Kieffer, 1910) 1978-09-18, 1 '~. The females were collected comb. n. on sporophores with C. lanceolatus Th., but Collected on fungal sporophores (KIEFFER no oviposition was seen. This species may be 1916). the same as Belyta boleti Nees (see above). Miota monilicornis (Kieffer, 1910) Scorpioteleia longiventris (Kieffer, 1910) comb. n. Sweden, Vb: Umea, Kulla 1978-09-16, 12 France, Bitche, reared in numbers from a ~; 1978-09-18, 6 '~. Females of this species Boletus edulis Bulliard (Kieffer, 1916). Ger­ were collected under the same circumstances many, Schwarzwald 1964-08-23, 2 ~ reared as Cryptoserphus foveolatus and Cinetus lan­ from the foot of a Boletus sp. (WALL 1968). ceoZatus (see above). The specimens were ob­ England, Wellington College with Lasius fuli­ served creeping on the underside of Suillus ginosus (Latr.) (DONISTHORPE 1927. Lep­ variegatus. When a suitable host was detected, torhaptus myrmecophilus Kieffer = n. nu­ the female bent the metasoma at a right angle dum). and inserted the whole of it into the spore L. HUGGERT, CRYPTOSERPHUS AND BELYTINAE WASPS 143

duct. The last four metasomatic segments, MASNER, L. 1957: First preliminary report on which at rest are telescoped inside the large the occurrence of genera of the group second one, are somewhat prolonged at ovi­ Proctotrupoidea in Czechoslovakia position, forming a compressed tube. (Second part - Superfamily Procto­ Although fruit bodies of three species of trupoidea s. str.) (Hymenoptera: Proc­ boleti, or at least two, were very common in totrupoidea). - Acta Faun. Entomol. the pine forest at Kulla, the three belytins Mus. nat. Pragae 2:83-107. (and the proctotrupid) were only rarely en­ -,.- 1968: The fungus gnats (Dipt., Myce­ countered on the fungi. Consequently, 1 arrive tophiloidea) as potential hosts of Proc­ at the same conclusion as CHAMBERS (1971) , totrupid wasps (Hym., Proctotrupoi­ viz. that the main hosts of these wasps are deal. - Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. not the fungus gnats living in the sporophores 65 :464-466. of macrofungi but rather midges living in the NEES AB ESENBECK, C. G. 1834: Hymenopte­ humus and subsoil. That the wasps nevertheless rorum Ichneumonibus affinium Mono­ occurred frequently enough on the fungi to graphiae, genera europaea et species attract my attention may be due to a lack of illustrantes. Vo!. 2 :1-448. Stuttgartiae the usual hosts, caused by the dry biotope. et Tubingae. NIXON, G. E. J. 1938: A preliminary revision of the British Proctotrupinae (Hym., References Proctotrupoidea). - Trans. R. Ento­ mol. Soc. London 87:431-465. BASDEN, E. B. 1959: Phaenoserphus viator -lO- 1957: Hymenoptera Proctotrupoidea (Hal.) (Hym., Proctotrupidae) a para­ subfamily Belytinae. site of carabid larvae in Scotland. - Handb. Identif. Brit. Ins. 8(3) (vii): Entomol. mono Mag. 95 :35-36. 1-107. BRAUNS, A. 1954: Terricole Dipterenlarven.- PSCHORN-WALCHER, H. 1957: Zur Kenntnis 179 pp., 96 figs., 6 plates. Gottingen. der Diapriinae (Proctotrupoidea) der CHAMBERS, V. H. 1971: Large populations of Wasmann-Sammlung. Mitteil. Belytinae (Hym., Diapriidae) - En­ schweiz. entomol. Ges. 30 (1) :73-88. tomol. mono Mag. 106:149-154. -,.- 1958: Vorlaufige Gliederung der palae­ CRITCHLEY, B. R. 1973: Parasitism of the arktischen Proctotrupidae. - Mitteil. larvae of some Carabidae (Coleoptera). schweiz. entomol. Ges. 31 (1) :57-64. - J. Entomol. (A)48:37-42. 1971: Hymenoptera, et Proc­ DESSART, P. 1975: Materiel typique des micro­ totrupidae. - Fauna Insecta Hclvetica hymenoptera myrmecophiles de la col­ 4:1-64. Zurich. lection Wasmann depose au Museum RIEK, E. F. 1955: Australian wasps of the Wasmannianum a Maastricht (Pays­ family Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera: Bas). - Publ. natuurh. Gen. Limburg, Proctotrupoidea). - Austr. J. Zoo!. 3: 24/1-2 :3-94, 65 figs. 106-117, 1 plate. DONISTHORPE, H. 1927: The guests of British RIVARD, I. 1964: Notes on parasitism of ants, their habits and life histories. - ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) 244 pp;, 55 figs., 16 plates. London. in Ontario. - Can. J. Zoo!. 42:919- HEDQVIST, K.-J. 1963: Notes on Proctotrupi­ 920. dae (Hym., Proctotrupoidea). I. - SZELENYI, G. 1940: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis Entomo!' Tidskr. 84:62-64. parasitischer Hymenopteren an Hand HELLEN, W. 1964: Die Ismarinen und Belyti­ einiger Zuchtergebnisse (Hymenoptera: nen Finnlands (Hymenoptera: Procto­ Proctotrupoidea). - Arb. morph. tax. trupoidea). - Fauna Fennica 18:1 Entomo!' 7 :226-236. -68. TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1957: Beobachtungen uber JANSSON, A. 1960: Studier over svenska proc­ einige Sciariden (Dipt.), deren Larven totrupider 11. KHickta iikta proctotrupi­ in faulem Holz oder under der Rinde der. - Opusc. Entomol. 25:83--86. abgestorbener Baume leben. - Ann. KIEFFER, J. J. 1914: Hymenoptera Proctotru­ Entomo!' Fennici 23 :3-35. poidea. Serphidae (= Proctotrupidae) -,.- 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden et Calliceratidae ( = ) . (Dipt.) Finnlands. - Ann. Zool. Soc. - Das Tierreich 42:I-XVII, 1-254. "Vanamo" 21(4) :1-164. Berlin. WALL, I. 1968: Die Ismarinae und Belytinae -,.- 1916: Hymenoptera Proctotrupoidea. der Schweiz. - Entomol. Abhandl. 35 Diapriidae. - Das Tierreich 44:1- (2) :123-265, 53 plates. XXX, 1-627. Berlin. WEIDEMANN, G. 1962: Ober Verbreitung, Pha­ LUFF, M. L. 1976: Notes on the biology of nologie und Biologie der Proctotrupidae the developmental stages of Nebria bre­ (Hym., Proctotrupoidea) Schleswig­ vicollis (F.) (Col., Carabidae) and on Holsteins. - Faun. Mitt. Norddtschl 2: their parasites, Phaenoserphus spp. 26-35. (Hym., Proctotrupidae). - Entomol. -.»- 1965: Okologische und Biometrische mono Mag. 111 :249-255. Untersuchungen an Proctotrupiden NOTULAE ENTOMOLOGlCAE 59, 1979

(Hymenoptera: Proetotrupidae s. str.) - Z. Morph. Oko!' Tiere 55 :425- der Nordseekiiste und des Binnenlandes. 514.

Referal Selostus Proctotrupldsteklar som paraslter I svamp­ Kerlplstiiilslii slenlssii la maassa eliivlen och marklevande mygglarver siiiiskentoukklen lolslna

Steklar som hor till Proetotrupidae och Ryhmiin Proetotrupidae ja Diapriidae: Be­ Diapriidae: Belytinae parasiterar pa larver av Iytinae kuuluvat pistiliiset loisivat kovakuoriais­ skalbaggar sarnt svamp-, sorg- oeh vintermyg­ ten, sekli sieni-, harso- ja talvisliliskien toukissa. gor. Pa grund av larvemas relativt undan­ Koska toukat elavlit klitkossli on meilla vain skymda liv har vi ganska fa exakta varddata, harvoja tarkkoja tietoja isantlielliimista, mutta men det fOrefaller som om alia proetotrupider vaikuttaa silta etta proetotrupidit loisivat kova­ skulle parasitera pa skalbaggslarver med un­ kuoriaistoukissa, lukuunottamatta sukuja Di­ dantag fOr Disogmus oeh Cryptoserphus vilka sogmus ja Cryptoserphus, jotka ellivat sieni­ angriper larver av svarnpmyggor (Myeetophili­ sliliskien (Mycetophilidae) loisina. dae). Vaikka alaheimosta Belytinae tunnetaan sa­ Trots att vi kanner hundratals europeiska toja eurooppalaisia lajeja on vain harvan la­ arter av Belytinae har man lyckats kllieka bara jin kasvattaminen onnistunut. Kaikki loisivat nagra fa arter. De levde alia som parasiter pa sienissli tai lahossa puussa ellivissli sliliskentou­ mygglarver i svarnp eller formultnande ved. kissa. Tosin on erliitli lajeja ilmoitettu muura­ Flere arter har visserligen rapporterats fran haispesistli, mutta ainoatakaan ei ole saatu myrbon, men ingen har med slikerhet kllickts kuoriutumaan muurahaisista. Kaikki tunnetut ur myror. Alla kanda klaekningar och observa­ kasvatukset ja havainnot belytinien todennakoi­ tioner av potentiella vlirdar for belytiner sistli islintlielaimista luetellaan. fortecknas. Kolme lajia siirretaan toisiin sukuihin, ja Tre arter flyttas till andra sllikten och en yksi laji synonymisoidaan - Acropiesta flavi­ art synonymiseras d.v.s. Acropiesta flatJiventris ventris Thomson = Anectata dispar Brisehke Thomson = Anectata dispar Brischke syn. n. syn. novo

Symposio - Symposium

Symposium aver fCiriindrlngar 1 InsekHaunan Symposlo Suomen hyCinteisfaunan 1 Finland under senaste lid viimeaikaisista muutokslsta Symposiet arrangeras av Entomologiska For­ Symposion jlirjestlia Helsingin Hyonteistie­ eningen i Helsingfors pa Lammi Biologiska teellinen Yhdistys Lammin Biologisella Ase­ Station fredag-lordag 11-12 april 1980. For­ malla perjantaina-lauantaina 11-12 huhtikuu­ eningen inbjuder alia landets entomologer att ta 1980. Yhdistys kutsuu maan kaikki entomo­ diskutera de forandringar som noterats oeh logit keskustelemaan todetuista muutoksista ja deras orsaker. Symposiet inleds med en over­ niiden syistli. Aluksi esitetlilin katsaus viimeai­ sikt over klimatet under senaste tid samt de kaiseen ilmastoon ja niihin ekologisiin tekijoi­ ekologiska faktorer som astadkommer popula­ hin, jotka aiheuttavat muutoksia hyonteispopu­ tionsforlindringar hos insekter. Amnen som laatioissa. Edelleen klisitelllilin rekisterointi­ kommer upp ar registreringsmetodik, migra­ menetelmia, migraatiota, faunan uutuuksia, tion, nykomlingar i faunan, fOrlindring pa uusista maa- ja metslitaloudeIlisista menetelmis­ grund av nya agrikulturella och forsttekniska tli johtuvia muutoksia seka pitkaan seuratuissa metoder oeh forandringar i lokala fjlirilsfaunor paikallisissa perhosfaunoissa havaittuja muu­ som registrerats under en langre tid. toksia. Intresserade kan anmlila sig antingen till Symposiosta kiinnostuneet voivat ilmoittau­ doe. Martin Meinander, Zoologiska Museet, tua joko dos. Martin Meinanderille, Elliin­ Helsingfors, te!. 40 27 261 eller doe. Kauri museo, Helsinki, puh. 4027 261 tai dos. Kauri Mikkola, Zoologiska institutionen, Helsingfors, Mikkolalle, Elliintieteen laitos, Helsinki, puh. te!. 40 27 251. Foredrag bar anmlilas inom 4027 251. Esitelmlit on ilmoitettava tammi­ januari. Alla som anmlilt sitt intresse kommer kuun loppuun mennessli. Kaikki jotka ovat il­ att erhalla ett detaljerat program under sen­ moittaneet olevansa kiinnostuneita saavat yk­ vintem 1980. sityiskohtaisen ohjelman lopputalvella 1980.