DOCSLIB.ORG

Field Investigation of Temperature and Do of the Ertan Reservoir D Uring Operation Period

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Field Investigation of Temperature and Do of the Ertan Reservoir D Uring Operation Period http://www.paper.edu.cn 45 Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B ,3 (2002) ,54 - 59 hina Ocean Press, Beijing - Printed in China FIELD INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO OF THE ERTAN RESERVOIR D URING OPERATION PERIOD Jiang Hong State Key Hydraulics Laboratory of High Speed Flows , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China Xie Guang2wu , Lu Hong2wei Chengdu Hydropower Institute of Design and Investigation , Chengdu 610072 , China Luo Lin State Key Hydraulics Laboratory of High Speed Flows , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China (Received Apr. 15 , 2001) ABSTRACT : The Ertan hydropower station at the Yalong Riv2 key issue to impact the aquatic organism. It is almost er of Southwest Sichuan Province. It is one of the biggest in2 impossible to investigate the DO problem in an indoor stalled capacity hydropower stations in China. The main stream experiment. And mathematical simulation , if any, reservoir length reaches 145km and the branch Ganyu River must be supported by a solid data set. The DO distri2 reaches 40km under normal storage level. The reservoir surface bution data represented here can be used to help for covers 101km2 area , and has 5.8 billonm3 capacity. It began wa2 understanding of similar projects of DO issue , and as a ter storage since May 1998. The first generator was in operation in August 1998. The project was finished at 2000. The Ertan fundamental calibration data set. reservoir is a typical riverway style one. In order to understand The Ertan reservoir is a typical riverway style 3 the thermal effect , Dissolved Oxygen (DO) distribution and out2 one. Its total storage capacity is 5. 8 billion m , and let flow temperature under reservoir storage condition , three field regulating storage 3. 37 billion m3 , Mountains are measurements were carried out in January, April , and July of around the reservoir that distance from the water sur2 2000 , respectively. The measured results are analyzed in the pa2 face about 1500m. Average width of main stream of per. The results will provide reserchers a valuable data set for cal2 the reservoir is about 400m , and up to 1000m width at ibration of mathematical model and realistic understanding for some reach of the branch Ganyu river. The backwater stratified flow issue and DO profiles in a large scale deep reser2 zone of the main stream Yalong River is 145km, and voir. the branch Ganyu River 40km , at the highest storage KEY WORDS : reservoir , temperature , DO , field measure2 level - 1200m, respectively. The reservoir surface 2 ment area is 101km under this level. 1. INTROD UCTION[ 1～4] 2. TEMPERATURE AND DO OVERVIEW BE2 Stratifed flow occurs usually in deep reservoir. FORE THE RESERVOIR BUILT[ 5] This issue plays a very important role in aquatic ecosys2 2. 1 Temperature tem of the water body. Investigation for thisphenome2 According to statistics of the measurement data na is an interesting topic for both environmental and acquired from the Xiaodeshi hydrological station , hydroelectric engineers. A few theoretical case studies which is 12km downstream from the Ertan dam site , were carriedout , such as 2D , or even 3D , mathemati2 during 1960～1962 and 1988～1997 , the multi2year2 cal simulation for the thermal stratification. Physical averaged month2average temperature was 10. 5°C ; the model investigation for this kind of flow is too expen2 highest month2averaged temperature is 19. 5°C , which sive , and the experiment results is not good enough for appeared in August , and it was almost the same as that calibration of the mathematical model due to its size in June andJuly; the lowest month2averaged tempera2 limit. A full size field investigation of a typical large ture appeared in January , is 8.4°C. scale deep reservoir will provide researchers a conve2 2. 2 DO nient approach to calibrate their mathematical models , The monitoring periods at the Xiaodeshi hydro2 and realistic understanding for the stratification in the logical station for DO were 1973～1979 , 1981 , 1989 reservoir. and 1990. The Multi2year2averaged DO value is 7. DO profiles in large scale deep reservoir is another 8mg/L. The highest DO value of the measured data 转载 中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn 55 appeared in 1981 , was 8.8mg/L. The lowest value of tween surface and bottom of the reservoir in winter DO appeared in 1973 and 1977, was 7. 3mg/L. The was 3. 7～4. 9°C. variation, under which is unstable , occurred in Jan2 uary , April , August and December of each year due to combination effect of hydrologic , climatic and temper2 ature factors. In remained period DO was stable , and changed small. 3. FIELD MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE AND DO 3. 1 Set up of sampling point To ensure the accuracy of the sampling cross sec2 tions, each monitor section is chosen from the existed sediment cross section and field investigation. Eleven monitor sections were chosen in the main stream. Their positions are shown in Table. 1 (a) Longitudinal temperature profiles in winter 3. 2 Measurement f requency The measuring time were September 24 ～ 26 , 1999 , January 13 ～ 17, 2000, April 14 ～ 16 , 2000 and J uly 24～25 , 2000 , respectively. 4. MEASUREMENT RESULTS AND ANALYSES 4. 1 Data assembly Acquired data were inputted into computer imme2 diately after each field measurement , and were re2 viewed by assigned person. The obtained data were processed by meansof Excel for statistics , data gather2 ing , tabulation , and plotting. 4. 2 Results and analyses 4.2.1 Temperature The measurement results are as follows: 1 (b) Vertical temperature profiles in winter Fig. 1 Winter temperature profiles (1) Winter results The longitudinal and vertical temperature profiles in winter are shown in Fig.1. From the figures it can (2) Spring results be seen that : The longitudinal and vertical temperature profiles The temperature near the dam was obviously in spring are shown in Fig.2. higher than expected. According to the measured From the figures it can be seen that : reservoir end temperature and the increasing rate of Estimating from the measured reservoir end tem2 ° temperature in winter , 0. 0125°C/ km, the tempera2 perature , 14.3 C, and the increasing rate of tempera2 ° ture near the dam should be 9.0°C. But the measured ture in spring, 0. 011 C/ km, the temperature at the temperature near the dam was 9.9～ dam site before the project construction should be 15. ° 13. 5°C, higher than estimated; 7 C. The measured temperature near the built dam 9. ° ～ ° Due to the low entrance rate at the reservoir end 7 C 17. 8 C , and stratified flow was observed. in winter ( measured rate was 549m3/ s) , the inflow Since the reservoir end temperature change con2 had small contribution to the reservoir temperature dis2 tributed to the temperature structure increased , even ( 3 tribution structure , which was limited within 35km the entrance flow rate was still small 516m / s at mea2 range from the end; sured time) , the disturbed range expanded to 70km The measured data represented that stratified flow from the end; occured even in winter. The thermocline was in the Stratification happened obviously in spring too , ～ range of 1171. 7m～1121. 7m, or 20m～70m below and the thermocline was in 1181. 5m 1111. 5m the surface. The temperature gradient of the thermo2 range , or 70m below and to the surface. The temera2 ° cline is 0. 1°C/ m; and the temperature difference be2 ture increasing rate was 0. 12 C/ m; and the tempera2 中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn 65 ture difference between the surface and the bottom ranged from 1.3°C～8. 6°C. 3 (b) Vertical temperature profiles in summer 2 (a) Longitudinal temperature profiles in spring Fig. 3 Summer temperature profiles perature in summer , 20.1°C, and the increasing rate , 0. 004°C/ km , the dam site before the project construc2 tion should be 20. 6°C. After the dam is built, the temperature near the dam was 16. 0～25. 0°C , ther2 mocline occured ; The entrance flow rate was large ( measured rate was 2279m3/ s) . The temperature at the reservoir end contributed the temperature structure of the reservoir arlgely, up to 90km from the end and 10m below the surface ; The thermocline ranged from 1182.6～1172. 6 m , or the surface to the 10m below the surface. The temperature gradient was 0. 38°C/ m～0. 60°C/ m. The 2 (b) Vertical temperature profiles in spring Fig. 2 Spring temperature profiles layer below the 10m depth still had some gradient ; The temperature difference between the surface and the bottom was in 6.1°C～9. 7°C range. (3) Summer results 4. 2. 2 Measured results of the dam downstream The longitudinal and vertical temperature profiles The Xiaodeshi hydrological station is located at in sunmer are shown in Fig.3. 12km downstream from the dam. Its temperature change reflects the change before and after the dam built. The long term temperature recordsof the station before and after the reservoir storage are collected. There were 13 years temperature records at the station before the reservoir storage , including 1960～1962 and 1988～1997. The temperatures are shown in Table 2. Since the reservoir storage , May 1998 , the tempera2 ture records are June 1998 and whole year of 1999. They are also shown in Table 2. From Table 2 , it can be seen that: (1) From October to January next year after the temperature of the dam downstream grew obviously than that before the storage. Because the water retain2 ing time in the reservoir in winter and fall seasons is 3 (a) Longitudinal temperature profiles in summer longer than that in natural condition , the water body From the figures it can be seen that : in the above period can obtain more energy , the temp2 Estimating from the measured reservoir end tem2 中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn 75 Table 1 Monitor sections in the main stream unit :km Golden Dam River Item Front No.7 No.10 No.13 No.15 No.17 No.20 No.24 No.30 No.34 Bridge (DF) ( GRB) Dist .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplementary File
    Supplementary file: Dam-break flood calculation results and investigation data of the Ertan Hydropower Station We have conducted a detailed study on dam-break calculation of the Ertan Hydropower Station and compiled a report: Analysis report on dam-break flood of the Ertan Hydropower Station. This report contains eight chapters, 280 pages and all written in Chinese, it is difficult to translate all of them. Due to the flooding scenario is a full dam break in our study, we only translated the main content of full dam-break calculation process. 1. Basic equation The evolution of the flood wave downstream is calculated by Saint Venant equation, and the Saint Venant equation is: (1) Where: Q: Discharge at dam site (m3/s); A: Effective cross section area (m2); A0: Area of beach land (m2); x : Distance along the direction of water flow (m); t: Time (s)； q: Lateral inflow or outflow (m3/s); g: Gravity (m/s2) n 2 Q Q f： S Friction ratio drop, S f 4 2.21A2 R 3 kQ / A2 Se：local head loss, S e 2gx h：Water elevation (m); k：Coefficient of contraction. 2. Computational method Presimann's four-point eccentric implicit scheme is used to solve the equations (1) and the values of h and Q can be obtained at any time. Implicit difference equation can be written as: j11 j j j QQQQ 1 j11 j j j i11 i10 i i AAAAAAAA 0i 0 i11 0 i 0 i xi x i 2 t j (2) j1 j1 1 Q 2 Q 2 Q j1 Q j1 Q j Q j 2t i i1 i i1 x A A j i i1 i 2 j 2 j j1 1 j1 j1 j1 j1 1 Q Q (3) g A hi1 hi S f Se x x A A i i i1 i j 1 j j j j g A hi1 hi S f Se 0 xi Where, A Ai Ai1 / 2 2 2 4 3 S f n Q Q 2.21A R Q Q Q 2 i i1 R A B B B B 2 i i1 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Rampant Corruption Plagues Three Gorges Dam by Doris Shen
    World Rivers Review Volume 15, Number 2 / April 2000 Published by International Rivers Network Rampant Corruption Plagues Three Gorges Dam by Doris Shen hina’s government auditors have The Hong Kong newspaper Ta Kung Pao ■ A bankrupt fertilizer factory in Badong uncovered widespread corruption reported the following details from the audi- County, which received $4.1 million from on the Three Gorges Dam, a scan- tor’s report in a January 29 article: the central government for relocating its C dal that includes top officials ■ Huang Faxiang, head of the Fengdu operations for the dam, used $3.1 million working on both the construction and reset- County land office, transferred $3.2 mil- of it to pay its debts for the dam, and tlement aspects of the massive project. In lion intended for land compensation into workers’ salaries. The factory then sus- one case, the corrupt official was handed a other accounts, from which he pocketed pended its relocation due to lack of funds. death sentence. $1.9 million. Another official in the same ■ Eighteen counties and townships illegally According to a March 20 article by office, Chen Lanzhi, embezzled $609,756 leased a total of 246 hectares to organiza- Agence France Press (AFP), a court to speculate on stocks. The office accoun- tions not associated with resettlement. spokesman announced on February 25 that tant, Jiang Haiying, transferred $24,390 the former director of the district land into his personal account. In other accounts, a Chongqing line bureau in Fengdu received the death sen- ■ Instead of compensating resettlers, offi- court spokesman revealed that an official tence for stealing US$1.44 million from the cials in Yichang County misappropriated from the migration bureau was sentenced to Three Gorges Dam project.
    [Show full text]
  • Ertan Dam Jet Grouting T1/S Sichuan Province - P.R.CHINA Jet Grouting T1/S Sondaggi Soil Investigation Drilling & Grouting Drilling E Grouting
    worldwide leader in the foundation engineering field REFERENZA TECNICA - TECHNICAL REFERENCE Hydroelectric project Ertan Dam Jet Grouting T1/S Sichuan Province - P.R.CHINA Jet Grouting T1/S Sondaggi Soil investigation Drilling & Grouting Drilling e Grouting Cliente: Owner: Ertan Hydroelectric Develop. Corp. (P.R.China) Contrattista principale: Main Contractor: ERTAN JOINT VENTURE Durata dei lavori: Duration of work: 1993 - 1994 (Lot A) 1994 - 1998 (Lot B) Introduzione Introduction Il progetto Idroelettrico di Ertan e’ uno dei piu’ importanti progetti Ertan Hydroelectric Project is one of the most important hydropower eseguiti dalla Trevi negli ultimi tempi ed e’ situato sul fiume Yalong, projects carried out by Trevi, located on the Yalong River in the nel sud della China (Provincia del Sichuan). South of China (Sichuan Province). La centrale elettrica sotterranea ospita 6 generatori, in grado The associated underground power station, where 6 generators di produrre 3.300 MW di energia. are allocated, is able to produce energy of 3,300 MW. Trevi Construction Co. Ltd. di Hong Kong (Gruppo Trevi S.p.A.) si Trevi Construction Co. Ltd. Hong Kong (belonging to Trevi S.p.A. e’ aggiudicata due contratti di subappalto. Il primo (Lotto A) Group) has been awarded two sub-contracts. The first (Lot A) consisteva nell’esecuzione di un diaframma impermeabile in terreno consists in the execution of an impermeable cut-off wall into alluvial alluvionale per i “cofferdams” a monte ed a valle. Il secondo (Lotto soil for the upstream and downstream cofferdams. The second B), oggetto della presente brochure, comprende il consolidamento, contract (Lot B), which is the subject of this brochure, comprises l’impermeabilizzazione ed il drenaggio della roccia di fondazione the consolidation, impermeabilisation and drainage of the rock for della diga.
    [Show full text]
  • Irrigation in Southern and Eastern Asia in Figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011
    37 Irrigation in Southern and Eastern Asia in figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011 FAO WATER Irrigation in Southern REPORTS and Eastern Asia in figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011 37 Edited by Karen FRENKEN FAO Land and Water Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107282-0 All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity in Population of Largemouth Bronze Gudgeon (Coreius Guichenoti Sauvage Et Dabry) from Yangtze River Determined by Microsatellite DNA Analysis
    Genes Genet. Syst. (2010) 85, p. 351–357 Genetic diversity in population of largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti Sauvage et Dabry) from Yangtze River determined by microsatellite DNA analysis Futie Zhang and Deqing Tan* Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China (Received 25 August 2010, accepted 23 November 2010) Largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti Sauvage et Dabry 1874), one of the endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China, is a benthic and potamodromous fish that is typically found in rivers with torrential flow. Three dams in the Yangtze River, Ertan Dam, Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam, may have had vital impacts on the habitat and spawning behaviors of largemouth bronze gudgeon, and could ultimately threaten the survival of this fish. We studied the population genetic diversity of C. guichenoti samples col- lected at seven sites (JH, GLP, BX, HJ, MD, SDP and XB) within the Yangtze River and one of its tributaries, the Yalong River. Genetic diversity patterns were deter- mined by analyzing genetic data from 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci. A high genetic diversity among these largemouth bronze gudgeon populations was indi- cated by the number of microsatellite alleles (A) and the expected heterozygosity (HE). No significant population variation occurred among GLP, BX, HJ and MD populations, but dramatic population differentiation was observed among JH and XB, two dam-blocked populations, versus other populations. Tests for bottlenecks did not indicate recent dramatic population declines and concurrent losses of genetic diversity in any largemouth bronze gudgeon populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Cracking Risk and Overall Stability Analysis of Xulong High Arch Dam: a Case Study
    applied sciences Article Cracking Risk and Overall Stability Analysis of Xulong High Arch Dam: A Case Study Peng Lin 1,*, Pengcheng Wei 1, Weihao Wang 2 and Hongfei Huang 2 1 Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; [email protected] 2 Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan 430010, China; [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (H.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-139-1050-5719 Received: 31 October 2018; Accepted: 3 December 2018; Published: 10 December 2018 Featured Application: The cracking risk, the overall stability, and the reinforcement measures are directly related to the long-term stability of arch dams. The three safety factors and five stress zones have a great significance for arch dam-foundation design of cracking control and overall stability evaluation. Abstract: It is of great significance to study the cracking risk, the overall stability, and the reinforcement measures of arch dams for ensuring long-term safety. In this study, the cracking types and factors of arch dams are summarized. By employing a nonlinear constitutive model relating to the yielding region, a fine three-dimensional finite element simulation of the Xulong arch dam is conducted. The results show that the dam cracking risk is localized around the outlets, the dam heel, and the left abutment. Five dam stress zones are proposed to analysis dam cracking state base of numerical results. It is recommended to use a shearing-resistance wall in the fault f57, replace the biotite enrichment zone with concrete and perform consolidation grouting or anchoring on the excavated exposed weak structural zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Ertan Hydropower Project
    Ertan Ertan Hydropower Project Flood discharge of Ertan Section drawing of Ertan Arch Dam Section drawing of power conduit and power house Ertan Main features Project Location On the Yalong River, Sichuan Project Purpose Hydroelectric Power Generation province, P. R. China Years of 1987-1999 Catchment and Reservoir Construction Catchment Area 116,400km2 Main Dam Mean Annual Runoff 1,670m3/s Type Double-curvature Arch Dam Reservoir Area at FSL 101km2 Height 240m Storage at FSL 5,800 million m3 Crest Length 774.69m Active Storage 3,370 million m3 Power plant Discharge Capacity Maximum gross 189 m Crest Outlet 7 / 6,260 m3/s head Mid Level Outlet 6 / 6,930 m3/s Installed Capacity 3,300 MW Bottom Outlet 4 / 2,084m3/s No. and Capacity 6×550 MW Flood Discharging 2 / 7,400 m3/s of Units Tunnel Power Conduits 6 steel embedded in concrete I.D.=9.0 River Diversion for Construction m First Phase Cofferdam of Left and Right Type of Turbine Francis Diversion Tunnel, Diversion Main Construction Volumes Tunnel Construction Concrete 5,857,000 m3 Second Phase Remove of Diversion Tunnel Excavation 12,638,000 m3 Cofferdam, Closure, Cofferdam of Main Equipment Suppliers Dam Turbines GE Canada, Dongfang Electrical Third Phase Close Diversion Tunnel, Temp Machinery Co, Ltd., Harbin Electric Diversion Bottom Outlet Machinery Co, Ltd. Fourth Phase Close Temp Diversion Bottom Generators & HV GE Canada, Dongfang Electrical Outlet, Ponding Electrical Machinery Co, Ltd., Harbin Electric Project Developers Machinery Co, Ltd. Owner Ertan Hydropower Development Gates & Jiajiang Hydraulic Machinery Works, Company,Ltd. Hydromechanical China Gezhouba (Group) Corporation, Designer CHIDI Sinohydro Bureau No.8, Contractor EJV, SGEJV, GYBD The main project components of Ertan are a concrete double-curvature arch dam (240m high and 775m long) and a huge underground powerhouse complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Dam Construction and Environmental Protection of China’S Ertan Project
    DAM CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF CHINA’S ERTAN PROJECT WU Shiyong WANG Hongmei Ertan Hydropower Development Company, Ltd. Chengdu P.R. China 610021 Abstract Ertan Hydropower Project, with a double-curvature arch dam of 240m high, is China’s largest hydropower scheme built in the 20th century. Partly financed with the World Bank loans, the project was constructed and managed in strict accordance with international practice. Environmental management was implemented in full compliance with international standards, achieving satisfactory results. In the year of 2006, the project was awarded the title of Environment-friendly Project by the central government of China. With a high dam and large reservoir, Ertan’s environmental issues were mainly associated with the construction activities and change of the hydrological conditions of the river during project construction and operation. This paper describes and discusses the environmental impact alleviation measures carried out at Ertan, which include handling of pollution (gas, water and noise), establishment of reservoir buffer zone, control of schistosomiasis areas, downstream safety warning system, landscaping of construction areas, reservoir clearing, protection of historical and cultural relics, etc. The thesis also summarizes the monitoring results of the significant environmental elements, such as sediment, hydrology, rainfall, water quality, water temperature, meteorology, seismic activities, terrestrial life, and aquatic life. Ertan’s achievements in environment management may provide useful experience and reference to other dam projects, and help us understand environmental impacts scientifically, resolve environmental issues effectively, and exert environmental benefits adequately. 1. Introduction Ertan Hydropower Project, located in the lower reach of the Yalong River in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, southwest of China, is the largest hydropower scheme built in the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • System Identification and Modal Analysis of an Arch Dam Based On
    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 92 (2017) 109–121 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soildyn System identification and modal analysis of an arch dam based on earthquake response records crossmark ⁎ Jian Yanga, ,1, Feng Jinb, Jin-Ting Wangb, Li-Hang Kouc a Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, 102209 Beijing, China b State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China c China Guodian Corporation, 100034 Beijing, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The true dynamic characteristics of dams, namely, natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, are Arch dam important to earthquake-resistant design. Thus, system identification based on in-site measurements is useful Seismic record for numerical analysis and health monitoring. The well-instrumented strong motion array on an arch dam in Modal properties Southwestern China recorded some seismic response data. The dynamic properties of the dam are identified System identification from records of the top five strongest earthquake motions using power spectral density functions, transfer Finite element modal analysis functions, and the ARX model. The identified modal parameters of the different seismic events are compared, and the stability of the stiffness of the dam system from 2002 to 2008 and the nonuniformity in the input ground motion are indicated. A linear finite element model of the dam and a nonlinear model that considers contraction joints are constructed and calibrated to reproduce the frequencies determined from the system identification. The modal analysis highlights potential information about the dynamic characteristics of the dam. The comparison of the results of the system identification and calibration shows that the use of the nonlinear model may be reasonable in simulating the dynamic response of the Ertan Dam.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Loads in the Lower Jinshajiang of the Yangtze River: Current Status and Potential Impacts of the Cascade Dams
    Sediment Dynamics for a Changing Future (Proceedings of the ICCE symposium held at 113 Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland, 14–18 June 2010). IAHS Publ. 337, 2010. Sediment loads in the lower Jinshajiang of the Yangtze River: current status and potential impacts of the cascade dams LU XIXI1, ZHANG SHURONG2, JIANG TONG3 & XIONG MING4 1 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260 [email protected] 2College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China 3 National Climate Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China 4 Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, China Abstract Dam construction has changed natural sediment loads in rivers at the global, regional, and local scale. This study investigates the potential impacts of four proposed cascade dams on downstream sediment loads in the lower Jinshajiang in the upper Yangtze basin. The sediment trapping efficiency of the proposed dams was computed, and the amount of trapped sediment estimated. The changing trends in sediment loads since the 1950s in the study section (both main channel and main tributaries) are examined to understand the current status and likely future trends after completion of the dams. A sediment budget is constructed for various time periods in the river section. Key words sediment load; dam; reservoir; the upper Yangtze River (Changjiang) INTRODUCTION Fluvial sediment fluxes can affect various aspects of water quality, fish habitats, and channel morphology, as well as coastal environments. The current land–ocean transfer of sediments has largely been changed by humans; reservoir construction represents the most influential anthropogenic perturbation on recent sediment fluxes (Syvitski et al., 2005; Walling, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • EI1I1 the People's Republic of China Public Disclosure Authorized Ertan Hydroelectricdevelopment Corporation
    * EI1I1 The People's Republic of China Public Disclosure Authorized Ertan HydroelectricDevelopment Corporation Ertan HydroelectricProject Environmental Assessment and Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement (FINAL REPORT ) Public Disclosure Authorized December. 1994 :---a E. .ee.-.Corvomany Intera. tional. L.? C..:^ag ;; lUSA C ne.. -, H.a.o_ie;,- r.resr.gar.on and DescignInsait. .- Chengdu. Sichuan. PM(C. Siehuan Pra incial ResettlementAgencN. Chenac1tt. ,.nmuan. PRC ErtaniHvdroelectric DevelopmentCorporadlnil. II'ihiI hua. Sichuan. PRC Public Disclosure Authorized Chengdu. Sichuan. PR China '- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~ List of Preparers: Hasa Engineering Company International, LP.: Mr. John R. Bizer, PhD, Senior Biologist Mr. AnthonyWhitten, PhD, Senior Biologist Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute: Mr. Shi Shuzi Deputy Hed, Planning Department, Sr. Economist Mr. Liu Zheniai Engineer in Charge, Meteorologist Mr. Y Weiqi Head, EnvironmentalSection, Ecologist Mr. Cao Jiang - Head,SedimentSection, SedimentSpecalt Mr. Chen Guochun Deputy Head, HydrologicalSection, Hydro. Specialist Mr. Bai Chunfeng Senior Economist Mr. Rao Zhongli ResentementSpecialist Ms. Shu Zeping EnvironmentalEngineerng Specialist Ms. Wang Xueqin EnvironmentalSpecialist Ms. Rang Hong Envimnmental-hydraulicSpecialist Mr. Liang Ruijing Interpreter Sichuan Provincial ResettlementAgency: Mr. Chen Zongyi Head, No.3 Deparment, Senior Engineer Ms. Li Hongmei Engineer, Chemist Ertan Hydroelectric Development Corporation
    [Show full text]
  • Key Technologies in the Design and Construction of 300M Ultra-High
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Engineering 2 (2016) 350–359 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eng Research Hydro Projects—Article Key Technologies in the Design and Construction of 300 m Ultra-High Arch Dams Renkun Wang PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610072, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Starting with the Ertan arch dam (240 m high, 3300 MW) in 2000, China successfully built a total of Received 3 April 2016 seven ultra-high arch dams over 200 m tall by the end of 2014. Among these, the Jinping I (305 m), Revised form 24 August 2016 Xiaowan (294.5m), and Xiluodu (285.5 m) arch dams have reached the 300 m height level (i.e., near Accepted 29 August 2016 or over 300 m), making them the tallest arch dams in the world. The design and construction of these Available online 21 September 2016 300 m ultra-high arch dams posed significant challenges, due to high water pressures, high seismic de- sign criteria, and complex geological conditions. The engineering team successfully tackled these chal- Keywords: lenges and made critical breakthroughs, especially in the area of safety control. In this paper, the author Ultra-high arch dam Shape optimization summarizes various key technological aspects involved in the design and construction of 300 m ultra- Arch dam overall safety high arch dams, including the strength and stability of foundation rock, excavation of the dam base Seismic safety and surface treatment, dam shape optimization, safety design guidelines, seismic analysis and design, Concrete temperature control treatment of a complex foundation, concrete temperature control, and crack prevention.
    [Show full text]