Multiagent Systems Design (MASD) Multiagent Systems Design (MASD) 4. Coordination and SocialModels 4. Coordination https://kemlg.upc.edu https://kemlg.upc.edu Coordination models (I): Coordination Social Structures. eOrganizations Social Models Javier Vázquez-Salceda Javier Introduction toSocialModels Part 3: MASD • • • Agent Societies Social Structures Social Studies and Organizational Studies 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Role Social studies Sociology and Societies Social studies Organizational Theory inthe studied been extensivelly Roles have structures is social wefindincomplex concepts of themain One entities computational by This canalso applied be to digitalsocieties composed with others. co-operation in respective goalsinthepresenceand/or their and pursue coexist inasharedenvironment of any aim The social established. and the that are structures group, of a members the interactions thatariseamong and ethical to describethe philosophy inorder of moral Sociology mechanisms. the interaction of roles i each one of those roles, and the obligations and authorizat may play, the relationships among the social roles an individual far as there are enough entities enacting it. The idea is that it is not im performed an by entity. A role is a description of the tasks and objectives to be Agent societies Explicit rules and interaction possibilities Predictability Global goals and requirements is a discipline an evolution that results from role society . [email protected] [email protected] field, in order to study field, inorder is to to allow its members n the distribution of labour portant who plays the role as ions that are associated to 3 4 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Organization design Social Studies Organizational studies Social studies & Lorsch(1967). and Lawrence (1973) works includeGalbraith key other (1967); book cited Thompson is frequently most The organization designprocess: can distinguish phases One between twoan in organization. relationships in reporting an processes, andformal design Organization been usedinMAS. organizational theoriesanddesignhave Concepts, abstractionsandtechniquescomingfrom science of using themethods of academic study and studies Organizational and processes. Operational design relationships), and structure of the organization (i Strategic grouping required to create effective organizations discipline that aims to produc Organization design functioning. focusing on describing and understanding organizational Organization theory organizational theory organizational , anthropology organizations [email protected] [email protected] , which establishes the overall , which defines the more detailed roles economics is a descriptive discipline, mainly , and , is a normative, design-oriented involves the creation ofroles, involves the , organizational behavior organizational psychology are related terms for the for terms are related e the frameworks and tools ts main sub-units and their , examining them , examining , sociology , political , 5 6 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Aim Social Structures Social Structures behaviour. tasks and resources)bydefining allocation and the of passing message management of agentactivities enhance thecoordination (such as is asa seen agent system Social structures interactions is the definitionof and animal human A goodoptiontakenfrom control to easecoordinationina defined inorder be kind should of structure some systems, In open These restrictions have a positiveeffect,as they: These restrictionshave restrictions totheagents’actions. impose and control,asthey cognition, cooperation of agent explosion indealingwiththeproblems Social structures avoid many potential conflicts behaviour accordingly. agents’ behaviour in a closed environment and fit its own make easier for a given agent to foresee and model other scenario. define a reduce the danger of combinatorial of the danger reduce [email protected] [email protected] social level society social structures , or ease their resolution structured patterns of structured patterns of entities to in order where the multi- the where distributed . 7 8 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Organizational classification Social Structures Sociological classification Social Structures Social structures are classified Social are structures Findler by classify both human and software agent organizations. and software classify both human to aim V. Dignum by proposed groups the three groups: divided inthree social are [2]. where structures by V.Dignum is generic approach proposed A more alliance or stay on their own. long as it isintheir interest, thereafter they may joinanoth other members of the alliance. A alliance, some of their own goals and fully cooperate with the whose goals are similar enough. The agents give up, inth while and A goals or actions in a group of agents. A conflict with their own goals. engage only inthose joint activit where members do not abandon their individual goals but A leader A An market convention coalition team using trusted third parties. Coordination is achieved by mutual interest, possibly agree to collaborate in order to achieve a mutual goal. Networks occurs through communication and negotiation. completely their by own goals. Interaction in markets Markets control lines. and coordination is achieved through command and Hierarchies alliance seller ) who recruits qualified members to solve givenproblem. a is group a formed by aspecial agent (called the ) and defines the mechanisms for transacting business. is a structure which defines two prominent roles ( , where agents are self-interested, driven is similar to an alliance, as it isatemporary group is a temporary group formed voluntarily by agents , where coalitions self-interested of agents , where agents are (almost) fully cooperative, is formal a description of forbidden or preferred [email protected] [email protected] ies whose goals are not in gents stay in the alliance as et al. [3] in: [3] team er buyer 10 e 9 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Social Structures Organizational classification Social Structures Organizational classification Three tasks to be performed by facilitatoragents: Three tasks to beperformed is purpose the the main where Market structures environment. a specific appropriateness for based ontheir the choice one ofsuchstructures of tries tomotivate this classification is useful atthedesignstage,asit all its members despite the openness of the system. for customers and offer a ce Identification demand and supply of services; system, their needs and mediate in the matching of Matchmaking and facilities to keep track of the agents in the [email protected] [email protected] Reputation are well-suited for environments are well-suitedfor rtain degree of guarantees to facilities to build confidence exchange of some goods. of some 12 11 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Social Structures Organizational classification Social Structures Organizational classification Two mainfacilitation resources anddatabutalsoneeds information flow requires cent In theseenvironmentsareliabl results orgoodsthecontrol the society’s purpos Hierarchical structures Three tasks to be performed by facilitation Three tasks agents to beperformed (dynamic) where Network structures the system or a part of it; Controllers Interface agents system and the interaction that should guide Monitoring agents collaboration contracts settled between agents, Notaries introducing new agents into the society; Gatekeeper , which monitor and orient the overall performance of are facilitator agents which keep track of , which is responsible for accepting and outside world responsible for the communication between the e istheefficient collaboration tasks areidentified: [email protected] [email protected] can check and enforce the rules of are well-suited environments are for are well-suited for environmentswhere ral entities that managelocal of anexternalproduction syste e control ofresources and . the behaviour in thesociety. quick access to global ones. among parties is needed. among production of somekind of m. 13 14 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Social abstractions: Role, Group, Dependency Role Agent Societies Social abstractions: Role, Group, Dependency Role Agent Societies oe a eognzdinto organized be can Roles complete the priori a relationships fixing process. and interaction without collaboration collaboration entities with specify between deal and models coordination role essence, In perform eventually will that from abstract individuals them. to specific enable and the objectives social achieve Roles o n oit,tetiilgopo oe stegopthat group the society. is the roles in of roles group all contains trivial the society, any to For assigned be can too groups, restrictions interation or groups. a to Behavioural assigned to be refer can to tasks way and Goals a just are groups form, setofroles. basic most its In agent’s the to respect society. with the in society activity the of expectations perform the can that From systems agent role, the the for blocks building the From dniyatvte n evcsncsayto necessary services and activities identify oit einperspective design society gn einperspective design agent [email protected] [email protected] Groups . oe pcf the specify roles , oe rvd the provide roles , 15 16 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Characteristics Agent Societies Social abstractions: Role, Group, Dependency Role Agent Societies Interaction models Interaction characteristics individual while also flexibility preserving system global allow toensuresome Role models models Role Finally, htoerl sdpneto nte oefrthe for role another on dependent objectives. is its of realization role one that Explicit rights and obligations to allow commit to specific rol resulting in typicalspeech acts influence agent behaviour modelled by rights and obligations Animation of societies verification Scenes descriptions are formally specified which allows Explicit procedures and access role descriptions are represented by formal models roles guarantee global behaviour te.Ta s nojcieo oecnb eeae to, each delegated be of can roles. role objectives other a from, the of requested objective or of an is, realization That other. the and interact to can actors contribute how describe relationships These roles. between relationships indicating roles, between establish Societies oedependency role reflect social of agents competence reflect workflows and business reflect workflows processes [email protected] [email protected] dependencies ewe w oe means roles two between and protocols for society buil and oe relations power es d-up 17 18 4. Coordination and Social Models Multiagent Systems Design (MASD) What isanOrganization? https://kemlg.upc.edu purpose 87] global coherentstate[Malone tasks a in ordertosatisfygoalswhile guarantying applied toasetofactorsthattogetherfulfill a setof schema whichis A decision and communication 01] [Gasser capabilities any single that aredistinct agent from and history, memory, culture, activity, knowledge, of systems patterned structured, Organizations are Definition bythe designer, or actors, by to achieve a Organizations are supra-individual phenomena Electronic Organizations [email protected] • • • • OperA MOISE+ Virtual Organizations Electronic Organizations 20 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Definition Electronic Organizations What isanOrganization? Pattern of predefined cooperation predefined of Pattern cooperation emergent/potential of Pattern the agents themselves, for apurpose. the agentsthemselves, by the designeror that could defined by be the system, cooperation or An unknown skills at thelevelofindividuals[Morin77] that has which results entity, asystem, into an relationships of components, between An arrangement 85] [Bernoux systems contribution-retribution systems, communication systems, a distributionofroles,authority An organizationis by:adivisionoftasks, characterized Organizational structure, norms commitments instit Organizational entity, Organization Pattern of emergent cooperation Pattern of predefined cooperation predefined is a supra-agent pattern of is pattern a supra-agent [email protected] [email protected] ution, socialrelations, cooperation of the agents in cooperation oftheagents , … emergent 21 22 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Cooperation Predefined of Pattern Cooperation Emergent of Pattern Comprehensive View Electronic Organizations Historical Remarks Electronic Organizations 00 90 70 http://www.pcs.usp.br/~coin COIN AAMAS on Norms,Institutions Workshops MAS” in “Organizations 01 MAAMAW 99] [Carley Research Organization Computational 98] [Decker 96],TEAMS AGR [Ferber98], [Tambe TAEMS 96], MARSO[MARCIA97] CASSIOPEE [Collinot 92] [Castelfranchi Theory Dependence [Werner 89] MACE [Gasser89], Roles 83, Pattison87] [Corkill DVMT 81] Systems[Fox on Distributed ViewAn Organizational [Lesser 80] Hearsay-IIArea ofInterestinDistributed now now : : 00 90 : (Coordination, Organizations, In Organizations, (Coordination, Maturation Beginnings Agents don’t know know don’t Agents about organization about Slide Slide byO. Boissier, Sichman J. S. and J. F. Hübner “ Golden Age” Golden MAS MAS [email protected] [email protected] , Organizations in ICMAS,AAAI , Organizations stitutions and Norms in MAS) and Norms stitutions Agents know about know Agents MAS MAS organization , 23 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Cooperation Predefined of Pattern Cooperation Emergent of Pattern Comprehensive View Electronic Organizations « The social The areallfocusedonthe concepts « Agent Centered Point of View Electronic Organizations A seen as a social entity » [Lemaître 98] »[Lemaître seen asasocial entity Dependence Network MANTA B A MESSAGE Agents don’t know know don’t Agents about organization about MASE Slide Slide byO. Boissier, Sichman J. S. and J. F. Hübner Slide byO. Boissier, Sichman J. S. and J. F. Hübner GAIA … MAS … MAS [email protected] [email protected] B Net Protocol Contract Social Reasoning TAEMS AGR Mechanism C Agents know about know Agents STEAM MAS MOISE+ MAS organization agents … A A Dependence Dependence Network Network ’ B B behavior Organization Centered Point of Point C Centered View Point of Point C Agent View 26 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Organization Organization constrains Cooperation Predefined of Pattern Cooperation Emergent of Pattern Centered Centered Point of Point Point of Point Level Agent Level Agent View View Where to program the organization? Electronic Organizations « The leading The concept is the « Organization Centered Point of View Electronic Organizations instead of the agent » [Lemaître 98] »[Lemaître instead oftheagent Client Communication link Communication Implicitly programmed Role Authority Authority link plays It maybe hard coded A a design model. Organization is Organization is in the Agents. Environment. Interactions, Slide Slide byO. Boissier, Sichman J. S. and J. F. Hübner Slide byO. Boissier, Sichman J. S. and J. F. Hübner Agents don’t Agents organization know about know in Agents, observed. MAS MAS plays [email protected] [email protected] plays group B Supplier 2nd Supplier level programmed in the Agents Organization is observed. or the or Coalition mechanisms and/or in specialized middleware middleware services. programmed in the ORGANIZATIONS Organization is organization MAS VIRTUAL MAS plays Agents. C … 1st level Supplier Agents know know Agents organization about Organizational Organizational Structure Entity 27 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models goalkeeper Organizational Structure Structural Specification MOISE+ MOISE+ 1..1 organization of a Multi-Agent System: organization ofaMulti-Agent in Distinguishes dimensions the three main http://www.lti.pcs.usp.br/moise M back odel of odel defense Deontic Specification Functional Specification Structural Specification player • • • • • • • 3..3 Permissions, Obligations Permissions, preferences Missions, schemas, Global goals,plans, inheritance Compatibilities, Groups, links,roles 0..1 O leader 1..1 rganization for mult for rganization 1..1 middle : 3-5-2 0..1 soc 5..5 [email protected] [email protected] multiplicities attacker attack coach 2..2 I -agent 1..2 1..1 Roberto Carlos Roberto team Gilberto Silva Gilberto S Ronaldinho Roque Jr.Roque Edmilson yst Ronaldo Juninho Organizational Entity Rivaldo Marcos Lucio Cafu E ms ms from 3-5-2 OS KEY: • • • Links Roles Groups [4],[5] goalkeeper back attacker leader middle 29 30 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Go toward the toward Go opponent field opponent Be placed middle in the field Functional Schema : side_attack takrOlgto 3Any during [Attacker] In [0 30] m3 m2 Obligation m1 Obligation Attacker Permission Middle Back oeDeontic Role Functional Specification MOISE+ Deontic Specification MOISE+ m1 specifications Explicit the functional andstructural relation between m1 Get the ball the Get KEY: To make explicit the normative dimension of a role context of a role Permissions and obligations to commit to missions in the mission opponent goal areaopponent Relation Be placed in the m2 === m3 Goal: [email protected] [email protected] Score a goal Score a iso Temporal Constraint Mission eunecoc parallelisme choice sequence Kick agent the ball the to Committed to m2 to Committed m1, m2, m3 m2, m1, (cf. (cf. Go to the opponent to Go [carron 01] m1 Kick the ball to back line the goal areathe ) opponent’s goal m2 Shot at the Shot at m2 m3 31 32 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models goalkeeper Implementation MOISE+ Deontic Specification MOISE+ Permissions Obligations back aaoplatform JaCaMo inthe andimplemented [6][7] framework JaCaMo the into integrated has been MOISE+ norms Recently some tocover able also (MOISEinst) is model that the of extension an exists There agents. Jason using was made model MOISE+ the of implementation first The player 3..3 1..1 gnst eipeetdinJason to be implemented Agents and Artifacts Agents model the with aligned has been Model defense 0..1 leader 1..1 middle 1..1 0..1 soc 5..5 attack team attacker [email protected] [email protected] coach 1..1 1..2 2..2 Opponent field Go toward the m1 m2 m1 m3 The The middle field Be placed placed in Be m1 Opponent goal area Get the Be placed placed in the Be Ball m2 m3 === Kick the ball to the agent Organisational Entity Committed to m2 iad -- m3 Rivaldo ----- m1 Score a Goal ui -- m1 Lucio ----- au---m2 Cafu ----- Opponent back line m1, m1, m2, m3 m2 Go to the In the center area Kick the ball m2 The opponent’s The Shoot at goal m3 33 34 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models OperA Models OperA agents in a way that: agents inaway interaction between represents framework OperA The possible. verification make that semantics It is formal based on distinguishes It agent systems. between the specification for multi- of is aframework OperA 3 models: characteristics of specific populations. allows for the adaptation of interaction patterns to the agent populations creates dynamic links between organizational design and own goals distinguishes organizational characteristics from agents’ is independent the of internal design of the agents that populate the model the aims and behavior of the se behavior of the model is descr the mechanisms through whic Interaction Model Social Model Organizational Model • • • • • rea = role enacting agent enacting role rea = agents (‘job’ individual conc agreements represents scripts, norms structures, scene roles, interaction organizational represents agents themselves (‘trade’ themselves agents concerni agreements represents [email protected] [email protected] contracts foragents) contracts aims and requirements aims and contracts between reas) betweencontracts h the structure and global ibed and coordinated, and erning participation of participation erning rvice-providers (agents) ng interaction between the betweeninteraction ng 35 36 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Organization Model Design Steps OperA OperA Models Identify Specify InteractionStructure / consequences scene Identify transition requirements Describe scenescripts roleobjectives/dependencies of partial order Identify Specify Social Structure ontologies Describe domain Concepts (and possible relations) Norms Role dependencies Requirements and objectives Coordination types Stakeholders (internal, external) • • Per stakeholder Global [email protected] [email protected] 38 37 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models I Organizational Model: designing the Environment Level - OperA OperA Organization Model Architecture oeRelation to society Role Role 1 Stakeholder X … Role N Role P, Role 1 Role … … model coordination From M Role X Stakeholder 1 Role Stakeholders Organization Role tables Requirements Dependencies Objectives (to roles) decomposition Objective requirements and objectives Global • • Interaction (how)Interaction Functional (what) : relation to stakeholders : relation [email protected] [email protected] betvsDependencies Objectives 40 39 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models I Organizational Model: designing the Behavior Level - OperA II Designing the Environment Level - Organizational Model: OperA description Textual Type(O, F, P) Type Norms Rights Sub-objectives Objectives id Role Description Norm Norm Analysis Description Norm tables Identify organizational norms Social Structure scenes Role dependencies identify interaction between roles -> Sub-objectives are identif Roles Sanction specification Sanction Norm specification analysis Trigger analysis Resource analysis Responsibility pcfcto whenever Specification Triggers Responsibilities Roles associated coordination thewith model are analysisNorm in Environment Level the From analysisanalysis means-end andnorm From analysismeans-end Result of Formalization objectives of identified role table in the Identified inEnvironmentLevel external. institutional, and operational [email protected] [email protected] ROLE DEFINITION ROLE ied by means-ends analysis Post condition: Pre condition: Action: Initiator: to achieveto sanction role role for each role objective each role for state roles are in principle in rolesare state state state then otherwise role is O,F,P 41 42 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Type Norms Rights Sub-objectives Objectives id Role Organizational Model: Role example OperA Organizational Model: Role dependencies OperA Visitor register browse Matchmaker Knowledge repository register Editor request partner browse distribute request register external access-repository k-seeker publish THEN OBLIGED publish-repository(answer) OBLIGEDpublish-repository(answer) THEN agreed-share(partner) IF o o 2 1 o1 = {get-potentia o1 = get-answer(question, partner,get-answer(question, } answer) partner), choose-best-partner(partner-list, := browse-repository := request-knowledge:= Role: Knowledge Seeker Knowledge Role: Notary contract Seeker register verify reputation verify [email protected] [email protected] distribute request request partner knowledge exchange exchange negotiate appoint contract register l-partners(question, Gatekeeper Owner sanction Facilitation layer Facilitation apply Operation layer Operation Monitor becomes member partner-list), membership application A pplicant 43 44 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Organizational Model: Scene script OperA II Organizational Model: designing the Behavior Level - OperA Rationale Norms Patterns Results Description Roles identifier Scene Interaction Structure Interaction structure Scene scripts • • Relationships between scenes between Relationships of scenes ordering Partial – – – – Instantiation: new scene instances scene newInstantiation: scenes between relation OR Parallelism: scenes between relation AND Synchronization: of scenes Sequence dependency: Causal Further information Further analysis norm From scene result each achive for to result, landmarks of Partial ordering dependency role to relate Objectives scene -> of Textualdescription Participants in scene role dependency From [email protected] [email protected] SCENE TABLE 45 46 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models start Description Norms Patterns Results Roles Organizational Model: Scene example OperA Organizational Model: Interaction Structure OperA Reputation Register Verify IF request-knowledge(matchmakerIF possible Seeker requests partner OBLIGED request-knowledge(M, k request-knowledge(M, OBLIGED } question, deadline), M, request-partner(S, { receive-partners(S, DONE (1) Matchmaker M: Knowledge-seeker(1), S: Request partners OBLIGED answer-request( P,answer-request( OBLIGED deadline M, question) BEFORE YN, BEFORE deadline receive-partners(S, M, question, List) BEFORE deadline, question, List) M, receive-partners(S, answer-deadlineBEFORE deadline, answer-deadline,request-deadline BEFORE answer-deadline) knowledge-owners, distribute-request(M, AND List = {P: DONE (answer-request( P,(answer-request(DONE {P:AND List = M, Yes,question) BEFORE request-deadline, BEFORE answer-deadline)} Interaction Scene: Partner Request Partner Scene: Interaction request Distribute Publish Browse Distr Request Request Partner [email protected] [email protected] request answer M, question, ListPartners) M, Exchange Negotiate Distr dd s thatcan answer knowledge need , P,, deadline) question, THEN nowledge-owners, answer-deadline)nowledge-owners, Answer dd Contract Register Monitor Appoint partners Receive landmarks! Knowledge Exchange req dd Sanction Apply end
47 48 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Norms Plans Results Roles Social Model design OperA Social Model architecture OperA Based on the Specification of negotiator agent Specification of negotiable characterist negotiable requirements minimum BIE N rps-ag(hr,mn MAX))... min, propose-range(char1, (N, OBLIGED ). R) negotiate-social-contract(A, PERMITTED(N, (A) applicant (N), Negotiator otatA ,SocialContract) R, contract(A, = } CC)) R, social-contract(A, A, contract-agreed(N, gedca1 N . N gedcaN BEFORE agreed(charN) AND ... AND agreed(char1) { = role descriptions Role Negotiation Scene: Role R Role Scene: Negotiation Role role negotiation scenes [email protected] [email protected] ics, and their range and ics, specified in the OM 49 50 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Agent Clauses Role Social Model: Social Contracts OperA Social Model: Contracts OperA The Social The resultsModel in: Focus ofcontractsinOperA A behavior among organizations individuals and among behavior contract 2. 1. 3. Enactment contract Role enacting agent Scene performance Roles to be played Specific norms Knowledge seeker Anne • • • OBLIGED(Anne, publish-received-k OBLIGED(Anne, PERMITTED( access-kb([KB1, KB3,KB7]) Anne, publish)) Sanctions andconditions Terms period Time p: contract(p, contract(p, p: Anne) is a statement of intentthatregulates of is statement a [email protected] [email protected] Social Contract Social (social contracts) (interaction contracts) PERMITTED(p, publish(p, PERMITTED(p, Anne’s-item, kb)) nowledge(item,allows(KO KB3)| , 51 52 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Norms Plans Results Roles Example: Interaction Model OperA Social Model Design Steps OperA apply for societyroles apply Results in on the Depending Based onscriptinteractionscenes Interaction Scene: PC-member role enactment Results in role enacting agent design and contract Specify role enactment scripts For external roles: Seller agent: BIE S,role-descrip (SK, OBLIGED ). PCmember) negotiate-social-contract(A, PERMITTED(SK, (R) register society (A), applicant (SK), keeper Society C)BEFORE CC)) BEFORE deadline(D)) Specific the agents otatA Cebr SocialContract) PCmember, contract(A, = } CC)) PCmember, PCmember, social-contract(A, contract-registered(R, social-contract(A, A, contract-agreed(SK, Negotiable: fee and percs, volume, marketing info,… percs, volume,marketing and fee Negotiable: check reference allowaddress, (email) reqs: provide Minimum Negotiation pattern for role characteristics pattern forrole Negotiation agent (internal) Negotiator characte negotiable Identify requirements minimum Identify are(a-aesM)ADagreed(review- AND {agreed(max-papers(M)) = protocols tion-announced(role(PCmember)). characteristics of theagents for the scenes, that are supported by [email protected] [email protected] ristics, and their range and ristics, NOTreceived(review)] [deadline AND [deadline Organizer CA:inform(sanction) CA:inform(review) CA:request(review) that CA:refuse CA:agree PC-member x [accepted] 53 54 4. Coordination and Social Models 4. Coordination and Social Models Example: Interaction Model Design Steps OperA Interaction Model architecture OperA Specify script negotiation scripts For each scene: Results in interaction protocols and contracts Payment scene: Negotiable: payment deadli payment Negotiable: credit card check Landmarks: Fixed Other protocol requirements Other protocol pattern forlandmarks Negotiation agent (internal) Negotiator negotiabl Identify e landmark range landmark e [email protected] [email protected] ne, delivery deadline, fees,… deadline, delivery ne, , check email identification , checkemail 55 56 4. Coordination and Social Models Boissier, J. Sichman S. J. and F. Hübner These slides are based mainlyin [ [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] .J.F. Hübner, Boissier O. 6. and O. Boissier. J.F. Hübner, J.S. Sichman 5. and R. Malyankar. N.V. Findler 3. Virginia Dignum, 2. J.Vázquez Salceda. 1. 7. and O. Boissier. “ J.F. Hübner, J.S. Sichman 4. References OOOP’05 Workshop. Multi-Agent Systems”. for developing Organised Agents, Founded in Logic”. 20, Issue 3, pp 369–400. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agen with organis agent organisations Systems”. Multiagent Structural, Functional, and Deon intelligent agent societies”. coordination in utaetSystems” Multiagent aaoframework JaCaMo “A Model for Organizational Interaction: Based on 2], [4], [5], [1], [3] and so : http://jacamo.sourceforge.net/ “The Role of Norms and Electronic Electronic and Institutions of Norms Role “The in , Birkhauser-Verlag, 2004 Proceedings of SBIA'02. [email protected] .Ktoand A. Ricci. , R. Kitio PhD dissertation, 2004 toa artifacts and agents”. ational “Social structures and the problem of tic Specification of Organizati t Systems, May2010, Volume me material me material from V. O. Dignum, “S-Moise+: Middleware A 2000. A Model for the “Instrumenting “Instrumenting multi- In Proceedings of ons in 57