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ÜZÜMSÜ MEYVELER RAPORU Rize Trabzon Giresun Ordu Artvin ÜZÜMSÜ MEYVELER RAPORU Rize Trabzon Giresun Ordu Artvin www.doka.org.tr DOĞU KARADENİZ KALKINMA AJANSI Gazipaşa Cad. Nemlioğlu Sok. No:3 TRABZON Tel : 444 82 90 Faks: +90 (462) 455 40 88 2015 ÖNSÖZ ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................3 1. GİRİŞ .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2 ÜZÜMSÜ MEYVELERİN TANIMI, GRUPLANDIRILMASI VE BİTKİSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ ...................................................................8 2.1.1. Sistematikteki Yeri ............................................................................................................................................................................9 2.1.2. Morfolojik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri ......................................................................................................................................................9 2.1. ÇİLEK .......................................................................................................................................................................................................9 2.2.1. Sistematikteki Yeri ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Morfolojik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri .................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2. KİVİ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 2.3.1. Sistematikteki Yeri ...........................................................................................................................................................................13 2.3. MAVİYEMİŞ ..........................................................................................................................................................................................13 2.3.2. Morfolojik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri ................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1. Sistematikteki Yeri ...........................................................................................................................................................................15 2.4. BÖĞÜRTLEN ........................................................................................................................................................................................15 2.4.2. Morfolojik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri ....................................................................................................................................................15 2.5.1. Sistematikteki Yeri ...........................................................................................................................................................................17 2.5. AHUDUDU ............................................................................................................................................................................................17 2.5.2. Morfolojik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri ................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.6.1. Sistematikteki Yeri ...........................................................................................................................................................................19 2.6.2. Morfolojik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri ....................................................................................................................................................19 2.6. KUŞBURNU ..........................................................................................................................................................................................19 2.7.1. Sistematikteki Yeri ..........................................................................................................................................................................21 2.7. DUT ........................................................................................................................................................................................................21 2.7.2. Morfolojik ve Biyolojik Özellikleri....................................................................................................................................................22 3. DÜNYA, TÜRKİYE ve TR90 BÖLGESİNDE ÜZÜMSÜ MEYVE ÜRETİMİ .........................................................................................23 3.1. Dünyada Ve Türkiye’de Üzümsü Meyve Üretimindeki Gelişmeler ...............................................................................................24 3.2.1. Çilek Üretimi .................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2. Dünya, Türkiye ve TR90 Bölgesi İllerinde Üzümsü Meyve Üretim Durumu ............................................................................... 27 3.2.2. Böğürtlen Üretimi ............................................................................................................................................................................29 3.2.3. Ahududu Üretimi .............................................................................................................................................................................31 3.2.4. Maviyemiş Üretimi ..........................................................................................................................................................................33 3.2.5. Kivi Üretimi .......................................................................................................................................................................................35 3.2.6. Dut Üretimi .....................................................................................................................................................................................38 3.2.7. Kuşburnu Üretimi ........................................................................................................................................................................... 40 4.1. ÇİLEK .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1.1. Çoğaltma Teknikleri ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41 4. ÜZÜMSÜ MEYVELERİN YETİŞTİRME TEKNİKLERİ ........................................................................................................................ 41 4.1.2. Bahçe Tesisi ......................................................................................................................................................................................43 ÖNEMLİ ÇİLEK ÇEŞİTLERİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİ .......................................................................................................................................45 4.1.3. Bakım İşlemleri.................................................................................................................................................................................49 ÜZÜMSÜ MEYVELER RAPORU 4.2. KİVİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................52 4.2.1. Çoğaltma Teknikleri .........................................................................................................................................................................52 4.2.2. Bahçe Tesisi .....................................................................................................................................................................................54 4.2.3. Bakım İşlemleri ............................................................................................................................................................................... 57 4.3. MAVİYEMİŞ........................................................................................................................................................................................63 4.3.1. Çoğaltma Teknikleri .........................................................................................................................................................................63 4.3.2. Bahçe Tesisi .....................................................................................................................................................................................64 4.3.3. Bakım İşlemleri ...............................................................................................................................................................................69
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