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ABSTRACT the Church in South Korea Has Been in Decline for The

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ABSTRACT the Church in South Korea Has Been in Decline for The ABSTRACT The church in South Korea has been in decline for the last ten years. Some suggest that this is due to the lack of social trust between the church and the community. Entrepreneurial church planting (ECP) is one approach to address this problem. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how entrepreneurial church planters engage in initiatives that combine business with social outreach to influence social capital through social networks that generate trust. These innovators facilitate church planting and evangelism in a Korean context where many have a negative attitude toward existing Protestant churches. This practice of church planting through business is an example of the Fresh Expressions movement, which has emerged since 2010 in South Korea. Prior to this, the church has been concerned about declining attendance and they looked for various solutions. There was much discussion about overcoming the building-centered church. There was a push to reach out to the community. Trust had been undermined. Many people were unchurched. Something new was called for. This dissertation investigates how the models of entrepreneurial church planting approach evangelism and eventually the planting of new churches from the grass roots. This will be the task of chapter four. The effort to build social capital with various groups for evangelism will be the topic of chapter five. In chapter six, the topic of cooperation with ecclesial and non-ecclesial institutions will be explored. Two cases (Odukieo Korean restaurant church and Coffee and Church) exemplify this business/social outreach approach that follows John Wesley’s teachings about missional and socio-economic outreach. Through relationships formed via business, the unchurched can be contacted, trust can be built, and evangelism can be nurtured. In order to find why and how entrepreneurial church planting works in the Korean context, I employ grounded theory through a qualitative study to develop a storyline concerning two cases. How is social capital built up? How does this work given the Korean context? In my cases, evangelism is brought to younger generations, migrant people, mental patients, Korean wives who married American soldiers, and the poor. These people would not on their own have sought out a traditional church. This is the real situation in South Korea at the present time. These people needed to build relationships and feel trust before evangelism could be possible at all. Although there are several challenges (Chapter seven) for entrepreneurial church planting in South Korea, it can be an alternative evangelistic model by interacting with the community in new ways. It may help the churches and church planters accumulate credibility and build trust with non-Christians and non-ecclesial institutions. I examine missional and evangelistic insights of entrepreneurial church planting (ECP) and lay out some categories to make sense of the varying versions of this basic strategy, to include missional church, fresh expressions, ECP, and organic church (or simple church). This taxonomy is the topic of chapter seven. Dissertation Approval Sheet This dissertation, entitled Entrepreneurial Church Planting (ECP) as a Model of Fresh Expressions in the South Korean context: Case Studies Exploring Relationships between Church Planting and Social Capital Written by Sang Rak Joo and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Intercultural Studies has been read and approved by the undersigned members of the Faculty of the E. Stanley Jones School of World Mission and Evangelism Asbury Theological Seminary _______________________________ Dr. W. Jay Moon, Mentor _______________________________ Dr. Gregg A. Okesson, Reader _______________________________ Dr. Steven J. Ybarrola, Examiner Entrepreneurial Church Planting (ECP) as a Model of Fresh Expressions in the South Korean context: Case Studies Exploring Relationships between Church Planting and Social Capital A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the E. Stanley Jones School of World Mission and Evangelism Asbury Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Intercultural Studies Dissertation Committee: Mentor: Dr. W. Jay Moon Reader: Dr. Gregg A. Okesson Examiner: Dr. Steven J. Ybarrola By Sang Rak Joo May 2017 Copyright 2017 Sang Rak Joo All RIGHTS RESERVED Table of Contents Chapter One- Introduction and Overview of the Research ..................................................1 1-1. Background of the Problem ......................................................................................1 1-2. Statement of the Problem ..........................................................................................5 1-3. Research Questions ...................................................................................................6 1-4. Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................7 1-4a. Theoretical Cohesion for Doing Church Planting ...............................................7 1-5. Delimitations of the Study ......................................................................................10 1-6. Definition of Key Terms .........................................................................................11 1-6a. Socio-Economic Public Church Movement (SEPCM) in South Korea ............11 1-6b. Fresh Expressions Initiative in South Korea .....................................................14 1-6c. Christian Social Enterprise as Missional Enterprise .........................................15 1-6d. Social capital, Spiritual capital, and Cultural capital ........................................18 1-6e. Kingdom Business .............................................................................................21 1-6f. ‘Jeong’ (Love) in the Korean context ................................................................21 1-6g. Entrepreneurial Church Planting (ECP) and Business as Mission (BAM) .......22 1-6h. Church Planting .................................................................................................24 1-6i. Unchurched, dechurched, and ‘Canaan’ People in South Korea ......................25 1-6j. Café Church and Church Café in South Korea ..................................................26 1-6k. A Mixed Economy ............................................................................................27 1-7. Research Methodology ...........................................................................................27 1-7a. Grounded Theory Approach ..............................................................................28 1-7b. Library Research ...............................................................................................30 i 1-8. Data Collection Methodology .................................................................................30 1-8a. Triangulation .....................................................................................................30 1-8a-i) Participant-Observation and Field Notes ................................................... 31 1-8a-ii) Intensive Interviews .................................................................................. 32 1-8a-iii) Documents ............................................................................................... 35 1-8b. Research Validity and Reliability .....................................................................35 1-9. Significance of the Research ...................................................................................36 1-10. Further Study ........................................................................................................38 Chapter Two- Literature Review ........................................................................................39 2-1. Overview of Public Theology .................................................................................41 2-2. John Wesley as a Public Theologian ......................................................................43 2-2a. Social-Economic Transformation for Evangelism in Wesleyan Theology .......43 2-2b. Critiques of wealth by John Wesley and others ................................................45 2-4. Social Capital ..........................................................................................................53 2-5. Business as Missions (BAM) and Kingdom Business ............................................57 2-6. Opinions on Fresh Expressions Initiatives in England, North America, and South Korea ..............................................................................................................................60 Chapter Three- Presentation of Case Studies .....................................................................65 3-1. Description of case studies ......................................................................................65 3-1a. Odukieo Bunsikjeom (inexpensive Korean Restaurant) Church .......................65 3-1b. Coffee and Church ............................................................................................72 3-2. Presentation of Data ................................................................................................78 3-2a. Coding Procedures ............................................................................................78 ii 3-2a-i. Open Coding .............................................................................................
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