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Valuation of NFL Franchises
Valuation of NFL Franchises Author: Sam Hill Advisor: Connel Fullenkamp Acknowledgement: Samuel Veraldi Honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Graduation with Distinction in Economics in Trinity College of Duke University Duke University Durham, North Carolina April 2010 1 Abstract This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). Its first goal is to analyze the growth rates in the prices paid for NFL teams throughout the history of the league. Second, it will analyze the determinants of franchise value, as represented by transactions involving NFL teams, using a simple ordinary-least-squares regression. It also creates a substantial data set that can provide a basis for future research. 2 Introduction This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). The finances of the NFL are unparalleled in all of professional sports. According to popular annual rankings published by Forbes Magazine (http://www.Forbes.com/2009/01/13/nfl-cowboys-yankees-biz-media- cx_tvr_0113values.html), NFL teams account for six of the world’s ten most valuable sports franchises, and the NFL is the only league in the world with an average team enterprise value of over $1 billion. In 2008, the combined revenue of the league’s 32 teams was approximately $7.6 billion, the majority of which came from the league’s television deals. Its other primary revenue sources include ticket sales, merchandise sales, and corporate sponsorships. The NFL is also known as the most popular professional sports league in the United States, and it has been at the forefront of innovation in the business of sports. -
Baseball Stadium Market Feasibility Study for Franklin, Wisconsin
Franklin Baseball Stadium Market Feasibility Study SUBMITTED TO Zimmerman Ventures SUBMITTED BY C.H. Johnson Consulting, Incorporated March 20, 2014 DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I TRANSMITTAL LETTER SECTION II INTRODUCTION 1 SECTION III ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 6 SECTION IV COMPARATIVE MARKET ANALYSIS & DEMAND PROJECTIONS 20 SECTION V FRONTIER LEAGUE STADIUM AND MINOR LEAGUE CASE STUDIES 42 SECTION VI ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS 69 SECTION VII STADIUM FUNDING OPTIONS 83 APPENDIX I 6 East Monroe Street | Fifth Floor | Chicago, Illinois 60603 | Phone: 312.447.2010 | Fax: 312.444.1125 www.chjc.com | [email protected] SECTION I TRANSMITTAL LETTER 6 East Monroe Street | Fifth Floor | Chicago, Illinois 60603 | Phone: 312.447.2010 | Fax: 312.444.1125 www.chjc.com | [email protected] March 20, 2014 Mr. Michael Zimmerman President Zimmerman Ventures 4600 Loomis Road, Suite 310 Milwaukee, WI 53220 Re: Feasibility Study for a Proposed Minor League Baseball Stadium Dear Mr. Zimmerman: Johnson Consulting is pleased to submit this DRAFT report to Zimmerman Ventures (“Client”) that analyzes the market and financial feasibility of a proposed minor league baseball stadium in Franklin, WI. This report also quantifies the total economic and fiscal impact the proposed stadium will have on the local community. Johnson Consulting has no responsibility to update this report for events and circumstances occurring after the date of this report. The findings presented herein reflect analyses of primary and secondary sources of information. Johnson Consulting used sources deemed to be reliable, but cannot guarantee their accuracy. Moreover, some of the estimates and analyses presented in this study are based on trends and assumptions, which can result in differences between the projected results and the actual results. -
Baseball in Japan and the US History, Culture, and Future Prospects by Daniel A
Sports, Culture, and Asia Baseball in Japan and the US History, Culture, and Future Prospects By Daniel A. Métraux A 1927 photo of Kenichi Zenimura, the father of Japanese-American baseball, standing between Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth. Source: Japanese BallPlayers.com at http://tinyurl.com/zzydv3v. he essay that follows, with a primary focus on professional baseball, is intended as an in- troductory comparative overview of a game long played in the US and Japan. I hope it will provide readers with some context to learn more about a complex, evolving, and, most of all, Tfascinating topic, especially for lovers of baseball on both sides of the Pacific. Baseball, although seriously challenged by the popularity of other sports, has traditionally been considered America’s pastime and was for a long time the nation’s most popular sport. The game is an original American sport, but has sunk deep roots into other regions, including Latin America and East Asia. Baseball was introduced to Japan in the late nineteenth century and became the national sport there during the early post-World War II period. The game as it is played and organized in both countries, however, is considerably different. The basic rules are mostly the same, but cultural differences between Americans and Japanese are clearly reflected in how both nations approach their versions of baseball. Although players from both countries have flourished in both American and Japanese leagues, at times the cultural differences are substantial, and some attempts to bridge the gaps have ended in failure. Still, while doubtful the Japanese version has changed the American game, there is some evidence that the American version has exerted some changes in the Japanese game. -
General Media Guide
2019 LITTLE LEAGUE ® INTERNATIONAL GENERAL MEDIA GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 | About Little League/Communications Staff 4 | Board of Directors/International Advisory Board 5-6 | Administrative Levels 7 | Understanding the Local League 8-9 | Local League/General Media Policies 10-14 | Appearance of Little Leaguers in Non-Editorial Work 15-18 | Associated Terms of Little League 19 | Little League Fast Facts 20-25 | Detailed Timeline of Little League 26 | Divisions of Play 27 | Additional Little League Programs 28 | Age Determination Chart 29 | The International Tournament 30 | 2019 Little League World Series Information 31 | 2018 Little League World Series Champions 32 | Little League University 33 | Additional Educational Resources 34-38 | Little League Awards 39 | Little League Baseball Camp 40-42 | Little League Hall of Excellence 43-45 | AIG Accident and Liability Insurance For Little League 46-47 | Little League International Complex 48-49 | Little League International Congress 50 | Notable People Who Played Little League 51 | Official Little League Sponsors LITTLE LEAGUE® BASEBALL AND SOFTBALL 2 2019 GENERAL MEDIA GUIDE LITTLE LEAGUE® BASEBALL AND SOFTBALL ABOUT LITTLE LEAGUE® Founded in 1939, Little League® Baseball and Softball is the world’s largest organized youth sports program, with more than two million players and one million adult volunteers in every U.S. state and more than 80 other countries. During its nearly 80 years of existence, Little League has seen more than 40 million honored graduates, including public officials, professional athletes, award-winning artists, and a variety of other influential members of society. Each year, millions of people follow the hard work, dedication, and sportsmanship that Little Leaguers® display at our seven baseball and softball World Series events, the premier tournaments in youth sports. -
Minor League Players League Minor
FRONT OFFICE FRONT MINOR LEAGUE PLAYERS ACOSTA, NELSON — Pitcher Bats: Right Throws: Right Born: August 22, 1997, Maracay, Venezuela Height: 6-3 Weight: 195 Resides: San Mateo, Venezuela Recommended/Signed By: Amador Arias (White Sox). Sox Acquisition: Signed as a free agent, October 20, 2013. Minor League Highlights: 2016: Held right-handers to a .187 (25-134) average … went 2-0 with a 0.95 ERA (2 ER/19.0 IP) in four FIELD STAFF starts in July. 2015: Went 2-1 with a 1.71 ERA (9 ER/47.1 IP) and 44 strikeouts as a starter … held lefties to a .217 ( 20-92) aver- age and righties to a .229 (25-109) mark. 2014: Limited left-handers to a .162 (11-68) average and righties to a .165 (14-85) mark. YEAR CLUB W-L PCT ERA G GS CG SHO SV IP H R ER HR HB BB-I SO WP BK AVG 2014 DSL White Sox 0-4 .000 2.35 14 12 0 0 1 46.0 25 18 12 0 7 28-0 36 8 0 .163 2015 DSL White Sox 2-2 .500 3.27 14 10 0 0 0 55.0 45 26 20 1 7 23-0 51 7 0 .224 2016 DSL White Sox 2-4 .333 2.31 11 11 0 0 0 46.2 36 16 12 1 5 8-0 45 9 0 .205 MINOR TOTALS 4-10 .286 2.68 39 33 0 0 1 147.2 106 60 44 2 19 59-0 132 24 0 .200 ADOLFO, MICKER — Outfielder PLAYERS Bats: Right Throws: Right Born: September 11, 1996, San Pedro De Macoris, Dominican Republic Height: 6-3 Weight: 225 Resides: San Pedro De Macoris, Dominican Republic Recommended/Signed By: Marco Paddy (White Sox). -
Organizational Differences Between US Major Leagues and European
Working Paper Series, Paper No. 11-05 Organizational Differences between U.S. Major Leagues and European Leagues: Implications for Salary Caps Helmut Dietl†, Egon Franck††, Markus Lang††† and Alexander Rathke††††, March 2011 Abstract This paper outlines and compares the organizational structure of major sports leagues, explores the reasoning behind their formation, and derives implications for salary caps in European football. To understand why sports leagues have developed a specific organizational structure, one must take the economic peculiarities of team sports leagues into consideration. For this purpose, we analyze the production process and illuminate its major peculiarities. For example, we present the difference between economic competition and competition on the pitch and discuss the consequences of this distinction for an attractive final product. Furthermore, we show that a hold-up problem exists between the two stages of the production process and demonstrate how these problems are overcome by the organizational structure chosen by sports leagues. We also outline the differences between the U.S. major leagues and European leagues and document recent developments in that context. Finally, based on this comparative †Institute for Strategy and Business Economics, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 14 CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland, Phone: +41 (0) 44 634 53 11, Fax: +41 (0) 44 634 53 01, [email protected] ††Institute for Strategy and Business Economics, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 14 CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland, -
Minor League Presidents
MINOR LEAGUE PRESIDENTS compiled by Tony Baseballs www.minorleaguebaseballs.com This document deals only with professional minor leagues (both independent and those affiliated with Major League Baseball) since the foundation of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (popularly known as Minor League Baseball, or MiLB) in 1902. Collegiate Summer leagues, semi-pro leagues, and all other non-professional leagues are excluded, but encouraged! The information herein was compiled from several sources including the Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball (2nd Ed.), Baseball Reference.com, Wikipedia, official league websites (most of which can be found under the umbrella of milb.com), and a great source for defunct leagues, Indy League Graveyard. I have no copyright on anything here, it's all public information, but it's never all been in one place before, in this layout. Copyrights belong to their respective owners, including but not limited to MLB, MiLB, and the independent leagues. The first section will list active leagues. Some have historical predecessors that will be found in the next section. LEAGUE ASSOCIATIONS The modern minor league system traces its roots to the formation of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (NAPBL) in 1902, an umbrella organization that established league classifications and a salary structure in an agreement with Major League Baseball. The group simplified the name to “Minor League Baseball” in 1999. MINOR LEAGUE BASEBALL Patrick Powers, 1901 – 1909 Michael Sexton, 1910 – 1932 -
Baseball in Kalamazoo (Since 1890)
All About Kalamazoo History – Kalamazoo Public Library Baseball in Kalamazoo (Since 1890) The Dead Ball Era A Rough and Rowdy Sport By the late 1800s, baseball had become America’s favorite pastime—perhaps the most widely played sport in the country—and it had changed considerably. No longer a casual game reserved for the country club elite, baseball had become a rough and rowdy sport of the working class, where beer and cigars were seemingly required equipment, and ardent rivalries among local and regional teams were Kalamazoo College Men's Baseball Team, c.1896 Kalamazoo College CACHE: College Academic and Historical Experience commonplace. It was during this era that the American Association (1882 to 1891) earned its nickname “Beer and Whiskey League” for selling beer at games (four of the league’s owners were brewmasters), playing on Sundays (a 19th century taboo), and opening the sport to working-class spectators. Stories were told of competition between some teams becoming so intense at times that umpires were ©1998-2015 Kalamazoo Public Library Page | 1 All About Kalamazoo History – Kalamazoo Public Library compelled to bear arms, and the ultimate outcome of a hotly contested battle might well be decided with fists at the local watering hole after the game. “Baseball was a rough game,” recalled one veteran player, “we played hurt, we played hard, and even if a fight broke out no one was ejected.” Baseball in Kalamazoo During the ‘Gay Nineties’ A significant number of early independent teams existed in Kalamazoo during the years around the dawn of the 20th century. -
American Beisbol: How Cultural Differences Help Explain Different Approaches to Game Playing
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-2013 American Beisbol: How Cultural Differences Help Explain Different Approaches to Game Playing Derek Jackson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Recommended Citation Jackson, Derek, "American Beisbol: How Cultural Differences Help Explain Different Approaches to Game Playing" (2013). Master's Theses. 126. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/126 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN BEISBOL: HOW CULTURAL DIFFERENCES HELP EXPLAIN DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO GAME PLAYING by Derek Jackson A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree ofMaster ofArts Anthropology Western Michigan University April 2013 Thesis Committee: Robert Anemone, Ph.D., Chair Linda Borish, Ph.D. Jon Holtman, Ph.D. AMERICAN BEISBOL: HOW CULTURAL DIFFERENCES HELP EXPLAIN DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO GAME PLAYING Derek Jackson, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2013 The purpose ofthis thesis project is to examinethe effect ofculturally derived game strategies onthe success level ofplayers in the game ofbaseball. Specifically, I look at both the influence ofhow various Latin American cultures teach the game in orderto better ensure success ofplayers at the MLB level versus how the game is taught in the United States and Japan. Inthis way I develop a feedback modelin whichthese game strategies perpetuate acycle ofenculturation that further reinforces cultural/ethnic identities. -
Dragons Gameday Saturday, July 3, 2021 ⚫ Game # 52 Jackson Field ⚫ Lansing, Mich
Dragons GameDay Saturday, July 3, 2021 ⚫ Game # 52 Jackson Field ⚫ Lansing, Mich. ⚫ 7:05 p.m. Radio: 980 WONE Fox Sports Dayton Dragons (29-22) at Lansing Lugnuts (24-28) RH Eduardo Salazar (1-2, 3.70) vs. RH Reid Birlingmair (1-4, 5.80) Today’s Game: The Dayton Dragons (affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds) meet the Lansing Lugnuts (affiliate of the Oakland Athletics) in the fifth game of a six- game series. 2021 Season Series: Dayton 5, Lansing 5. Current series in Lansing: Dayton 2, Lansing 2. 12 Road Games in 13 Days: The Dragons are 5-4 on the road trip (West Michigan and Lansing), which has been shortened to 11 games due to a postponement in West Michigan that could not be made up during that series. They are averaging 4.7 runs per game and allowing 5.3. They are batting .233 (70-301) in the nine games with six home runs and five stolen bases (four came in the same game). The team ERA on the trip is 4.78 (75.1 IP, 40 ER). They have 10 errors in the nine games. Upcoming: 12 Home Games in 13 Days: The Dragons open a long homestand on Tuesday, July 6 against West Michigan. That six-game series at Day Air Ballpark will be followed by a six-game set against Great Lakes, also at home, beginning July 13. Last Game: Friday: Lansing 10, Dayton 3. The Lugnuts scored six runs in the first inning and never trailed by less than six the rest of the night. -
Lugnuts Media Guide & Record Book
Lugnuts Media Guide & Record Book Table of Contents Lugnuts Media Guide Staff Directory ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Executive Profiles ............................................................................................................................................................................................................4 The Midwest League Midwest League Map and Affiliation History .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Bowling Green Hot Rods / Dayton Dragons ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Fort Wayne TinCaps / Great Lakes Loons ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Lake County Captains / South Bend Cubs ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 West Michigan Whitecaps ............................................................................................................................................................................................ -
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Hot News Targeting Further Growth eSports Development Leveraging KONAMI Content eSports brings the competitiveness of sports to games, and representatives who had been successful in the Asia region this field is growing rapidly, especially in the U.S. and Asia. preliminary matches vied to become the first Asian champion, The numbers of tournament spectators and viewers have and the competition was fierce. Two players from Japan, Naoki shown sustained growth and have reached the scale of major Sugimura and Tsubasa Aihara, who both work as KONAMI sports. KONAMI has sponsored world championships for the Winning Eleven eSports Ambassadors, competed together Winning Eleven series since 2001 and the Yu-Gi-Oh! TRADING skillfully and took the gold medal. The intense battle, which CARD GAME since 2003, as well as a Japan championship pitted country against country in a competition for national for JIKKYOU PAWAFURU PUROYAKYU from 2016. In these pride, opened the curtains on a new era for eSports. ways, we are working to expand and invigorate the base of fans. At the Tokyo Game Show 2018, there was an exhibition In May 2018, KONAMI’s Winning Eleven was the only title match between the representatives of countries/regions that from a Japanese company to be selected as an eSports dem- were among the best performers at the 18th Asian Games. onstration event at the 18th Asian Games Jakarta-Palembang The fierce competition among Asia’s top players highlighted 2018. On September 1, the day of the tournament, eight regional KONAMI’s eSports initiatives, which are being rolled out Players representing Japan were excited about their victory at the 18th Asian Games Demonstration match at the 18th Asian Games Jakarta-Palembang 2018.