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By Mrs. H. Minnie Zittle, Sheijheki)Sto\Vn, W

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By Mrs. H. Minnie Zittle, Sheijheki)Sto\Vn, W Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection (JOPYK1GHT 1905, • BY MRS. H. MINNIE ZITTLE, SHEIJHEKI)STO\VN, W. VA. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection A CORRECT HISTORY 7 OF THE John Brown Invasion AT HARPER'S FERRY, WEST VAM OCT 17, 1859. COMPILED BY THE LATE CAPT. JOHN H. ZITTLE, of Shepherdstown, W. Va., Who was an Eye-'Witness to many of the occurrences, and EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS WIDOW. HAGERSTOWN, MD.: Mail Publishing Company, 1905. I Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection • CAPT. JOHN H. ZITTLE. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic, \ •.,'•'. Monographs» -: ; ,-,-, Collectionsv o The first overt act that led to the Civil War was the midnight raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, made by John Brown and his command on the Seventeenth — day of October, 1859. This was the signal gun of the ^ great war that began in less than two years afterwards. } Brown attempted to start an armed invasion of Virginia, -> for the purpose of setting the slaves free and confiscat- ^ ing the property of their owners, proved a failure, * on account of the sickness of the officials of the State in defending her soil and the slowness of the friends of j John Brown in furnishing him the material and finan- k cial aid which they had promised. Brown and his followers were captured by the mil- itary, tried in the courts of the State, convicted, and executed in due course of law. The United States Gov- ernment sent its marines to Harper's Ferry to protect the property of the Government, but as soon as Brown and <his men were captured, they were turned over to Virginia for trial, as they had made the raid upon her territory. Such was the regard, at that time, for State's Eights, that the general government would not supercede the authority of the State or even send its troops over its boundary line without first obtaining per- mission from the Governor of the State. An investiga- tion of Brown's movements was undertaken by Congress, but events came along so rapidly and so furiously al- 1"" 733688 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection most before the Government was aware of it, the coun- try was involved in a civil war. The investigation was never completed. Forty-six years have elapsed since Brown's raid was made and the startling events that so quickly followed it have prevented the people of the country from fully realizing its character and significance. The histories of the war and our school books generally ignore Brown and his raid, and avoid any discussion of the object it had in view, so that the present generation knows little of the momentous circumstances that led to the' war. This book, compiled from the records of the times, when the whole scene was before the eyes and the events immediately before and after the raid, were fresh in the memory and the actors in the drama and their his- tories well known and their motives well understood and not concealed by them, gives a full, true and faith- ful account of the raid from its conception by Brown, the Ossawatamie of Kansas fame, to its tragic end with the execution of the last invader at Charles Town, Jeff- erson county, Virginia, in the month of March, 1860. The writer and compiler of this book was an eye- witness of the occurrences, being an officer of one of the State's Volunteer Military Companies that first reach- ed Harper's Ferry to repulse the raiders; hence the book presents a living picture of the occurrences as they ap- peared to the people of the community at that time. This matter has never before appeared in book form and is now published that the people of today may have a true account of the thrilling events that immediately Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection preceded the late civil war and precipitated Virginia into the great conflict which raged for four years. From the fact that a new generation has grown up since John Brown invaded Virginia for the purpose of emancipating the slaves and thousands of our young men merely having heard of the John Brown raid and nothing more, never having fully understood the partic- ulars and by whom the invasion was inaugurated, this book, giving the only true and correct account of one of the most important events that has ever occurred in American history, that of the causes and commencement of the late civil war, should be placed in every household in the United States and be handed down to future generations as one of the most important and eventful epochs in the history of the United States. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection "OSSAWATAMIE" BROWN. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection HISTORY OF "OSSAWATAMIE" BROWN. We copy from the New York Herald the following history of the leader of the insurrection at Harper's Ferry. It will be read with interest and is important in forming correct conclusions as to the real character of the outbreak and the extent of its ramifications; "Capt. John Brown emigrated to Kansas from Central Xew York in the fall of 1855, and settled in the town- ship of Ossawatamie. Hje was accompanied by seven sons, the youngest being old enough to earn his liveli- hood. The* birthplace of Brown is not positively known to the writer, but renort has it that he was born in Kentucky. At the time of his death he was about sixty }rears of age. He was about medium height, slim, muscular, thin visage, Eoman nose, and possessing an iron constitution. He had "blue-greyish" and fujll eyes, sharp features, and long grey hair, wearing a full beard, and rather inclined to be stooped. In December, 1855, during the "Shannon war," Brown first made his appearance among the free State men at Lawrence. His entrance-into the place at once attracted the atten- tion of the people towards him. He brought a wagon load of cavalry sabres and was accompanied by twelve men, several of whom were his own sons. He first exhib- ited his qualities at the time the free state and pro- slavery parties, under the lead of Governor Eobinson had stated to the people who were gathered around Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection the hotel the terms of the peace. Brown took the stand uninvited and opposed the terms of the treaty. He was in favor of ignoring all treaties, and such leading men as Kobinson, Lane and Lowry, and proceeding at once against the border ruffian invaders to drive them from the soil, or hang them if taken. Gen. Lowry, who was chairman of the committee on safety, and also com- mander of the free state troops-, ordered Brown under arrest. The latter made no physical resistance, but it was soon discovered that he was altogether too com- bustible a person to retain as a prisoner, and a compro- mise was made with the free State men, and he was released. He was informed by the leaders of that party that his remarks were intended to undo what they were trying to accomplish by means of the treaty; that he was a stranger in Lawrence and Kansas, and ought not by his rash remarks to compromise the people of Lawrence until he had known them longer and knew them better. One of his sons, who was elected to the Legislature in February, 1856, was seized and taken from Ossawatamie to Lecoinpton in chains, a distance of thirty miles. His feet and hands were chained to- gether with a large heavy chain, the size that were used upon ox teams. He was compelled, to walk the whole dis- tance beneath a burning sun. The irons wore the flesh from his ankles; he was attacked with the brain fever, was neglected, and died in two or three days. He was a companion of Gov. Eobinson Jenkins (since shot by Lane) and some eight or ten others. Another son of was shot at Ossawatamie by a marauding Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection party from Missouri. After the death of his firfet son, occasioned by the tortures and fatigue of his forced march, Brown swore vengeance upon the pro-slavery f>arty, and it was frequently observed by the more pru- clent of the, free State men that he was evidently insane on the subject. He was always considered by them as a dangerous man, was never taken into thfeir councils, and never consulted bv them with reference either to their policy or movements. The destruction of the Free States Hotel and presses at Lawrence, in May, 1859, incited him anew to action, and he organized a small company, composed chiefly of men who had been robbed, or whose relatives had been murdered by the pro-slavery party, and at the head of this band armed with Sharp's rifles, bowie knives and Colt's revolvers, he* scoured Southern ^Kansas, and the name of "Old Brown" "became a terror to all who opposed his will in lEaifiregion. While he was thus marauding,, five pro- slavery men were taken from their cabins at Pottawa- tamie Creek,,in the night- lime, and shot dead. The pro-slavery party charged this deed upon old JBrown, wMle the iree state party asserted that they could prove Kim in Lawrence, forty miles distant, wheijr it hap- pened, and that the horrid deed was perpetrated by "Buford's Georgia Ruffians,""supposing that the victims were free State men.
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