May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12545 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS JIMMY LILE He made knives during his spare time dur in the final analysis, hinges on the U.S. abil ing those years. Some of those times were ity to increase doQ1estic energy production, lean, like the time he went broke as a gen a point the president and his advisers seem HON. BILL ALEXANDER eral contractor. totally blind to. OF ARKANSAS Instead of filing for bankruptcy, I paid it As for the natural gas portion of the plan IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all back with interest---$164,000." specifically, the compromise agreement holds And he paid off his debts in the same way a special threat to Texas. It poses the entic Wednesday, May 3, 1978 he financed his college education-by mak ing posslblllty of deregulation of new gas ing knives. prices by 1985, a measure that would give • Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, the Hts determination to repay his debts en incentive for new discoveries. fine art of knifemaking is alive and well deared him to the banks. When he needed But it also extends price regulation, mean in Arkansas in the form of one Jimmy a loan to start his knife-making venture, while, to the intrastate market. Texas has Lile of Russellville. Jimmy has achieved he had little trouble getting it. thrived on the unregulated gas market, worldwide fame from what once was a "They knew that if they kept me alive, which let prices rise, to be sure, but also hobby. Recently the Associated Press in I'd pay them back," Llle said.e offered the incentives necessary to assure a Arkansas ran a feature story on this supply of the precious fuel adequate to meet craftsman. I commend it to my col the demands of the growing Texas economy. leagues: Regulation in the intrastate market could TEXANS VIEW GAS FIGHT AS ECO mean an extension to Texas of the problems (By Jo Wheelan) NOMIC "ALAMO" that have plagued those who for yea.rs have RUSSELLVILLE, ARK.-Knife-maklng, which been depending on the controlled interstate evokes images of burly artisans sweating market-insufficient supplies, loss of indus over backwoods forges, seems to fit Jimmy HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE try, loss of Jobs. Llle, a white-haired, affable man with work• OF TEXAS Another Joker in the gas deregulation scarred hands. deck ls the presidential authority for allo Aided by two assistants in a shop Just off IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S cation of supplies in an emergency. One his Russellville, Ark., kitchen, Lile, 44, earns Wednesday, May 3, 1978 point the man on the street must realize a comfortable llving, and has achieved ls that allocating fuels means allocating the worldwide fame from what once was a hobby. e Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, it is im industry that depends on those fuels. And Owners of Jimmy Lile knives include King portant for others to know and under allocating industry means allocating Jobs. Carl Gustav IV of Sweden and former Presi stand that many Texans will continue to The bill contains assurances that such dent Richard Nixon. Two Lile creations-a :fight against the so-called agreed plan allocation would be done only in cases of Bowie knife and an Arkansas "toothpick," a which purports to deregulate prices for "genuine emergency." In practice, however, long fighting knife-share a spot among the such matters tend to be handled on the U.S. Bicentennial memorabllla. new gas by 1985, but would do it by ex basis of political expediency rather than eco The knife blades are ground in the Llle tending regulations in the meantime. nomic necessity. workshop from long, slender bars of a metal I call your close attention to a force In other words, the gas-and the indus known as D2, which ls mostly iron and ful editorial on that subject from a try and the Jobs--may be expected to flow in chromium, with some carbon and molyb recent issue of the Fort Worth Star the direction of the most votes. denum. After being heat-treated in an elec Telegram. The editorial was accompa In the gas deregulation bill (actually a tric furnace, the blades are sharpened to a nied by an effective cartoon which pic misnomer, since for the time being it ac fine edge on hard Arkansas and Ouachita oil tured artillery-labeled "National En tually regulates more gas, intrastate as well stone, stone so ha.rd that diamond saws are as interstate), the boost of the controlled used to cut it. ergy Policy"-manned by "the North price to $1.75 from the present $1.42 would He fashions the knife handles out of ivory east" and pointed directly at an Alamo be slightly and temporarily beneficial in taken from elephant tusks, India stag antler, style fortress-labeled "Texas Econ stimulating production. wood and German sliver. Then come the omy". But the price of the short-term benefit, frllls: exquisitely carved tigers, quall and The Star-Telegram editorial: in terms of the long-range detriment to folio-like etchings of old-time hunting GAS BILL COULD BE "ALAMO" progress toward a real solution to the energy scenes. crisis, promises to be indeed exorbitant. His most recent innovation ls a. pocket For the man on the street, the inclination knife that locks open and shut with a muted may be to greet with a sigh of relief the Politically, the gas agreement may be a cllck. He's trying to patent it. A pocket House-Senate conference committee's agree victory for President Carter. Indeed, it seems knife with two blades that lock open and ment on a natural gas deregulation plan. to have been awarded to him by the con shut wlll be introduced in two years, he says. The tendency ls to feel that now, at least, we ferees as a sort of birthday present one year Much of Lile's work is made-to-order; some will have an energy program. from the date of his presentation of n1s he sells at handicraft shows. But that's a mistaken attitude for any energy package to Congress. Llle's cutlery sells for up to $5,500, and it man on the street, and particularly if he ls on But for Texas and Texans, it may well be can be found displayed in the showcases of a street in Texas or one of the other gas and an economic Alamo. The best hope for the noblllty, concealed in the boots of law en oll producing states. state's economic future, at any rate, would forcement officers and airline pilots and The basis of the mistake ls the assumption be for its representatives in Congress, its dangling from the belts of hunters. that Just any old energy program ls better leaders a.t home and all its citizens to keep Nixon was given a Llle Bowie knife by the than none at all. That, in turn, ls based up the fight on· the cha.nee that it may be late Sen. John McClellan, D-Ark., to com on the belief that any program would get us followed by a San Jacinto.e memorate the completion of the Arkansas on the road, however haltingly, toward a River Navigation System, a project that solution to the nation's energy problems. opened up Arkansas and Oklahoma to heavy Those are false beliefs and assumptions. shipping. The Carter energy program-it enacted in COMMEMORATION OF POLISH CON A friend of King Carl Gustav ordered a full with its federal controls, allocation au STITUTION DAY pearl-handled pocketknife for the Swedish thority and crude oil tax-would be in es sovereign. sence an abandonment of the principles of But Lile isn't one to rest on his laurels. free enterprise that have been the secret HON. BARBARA A. MIKULSKI Out of the shop off the Lile kitchen come up of this nation's prosperity. It would strl-p OF MARYLAND to 500 knives a year. away incentives for exploration and produc "I call it a family operation. I try to keep tion of energy resources while, at the same IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it small and efficient," Lile says. He says that's time, forcing the consumer to pay higher Wednesday, May 3, 1978 why he ls successful. prl~es for the energy available due to the It wasn't always that way, though. Until added taxes. • Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I would eight years ago, when he became a full-time The long-term result of these policies would like to take this opportunity to com knife-maker, Lile was a teacher, coach, gen be to yield no J:rogress toward reducing im memorate the Polish May Third Consti eral contractor and construction superin ports of foreign oll and bolstering the tution of 1791. The entire history of tendent. dwindling value of the dollar. Such progress, Poland and particularly the May Third
Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • 12546 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 3, 1978 Constitution of 1791 stand as enduring we must remain eternally vigilant to in worldwide commitment for the further tributes to the unswerving dedication of sure these rights for ourselves so this development of solar energy. the Polish people to the principles of Nation may continue to serve as the I am happy to announce that 1n freedom, justice, equality, social prog symbol of hope for oppressed peoples ev Puerto Rico we are today unveiling a ress, and individual liberty. It is an un erywhere. For the people of Poland and number of programs and plans to com fortunate fact of history that although for other oppressed millions, a strong memorate the occasion. The celebration the Polish people have cherished free and free America still represents hope will begin today at 10:30 a.m. with a dom, tyrannical neighbors and leaders for freedom and justice. It is my hope declaration by Gov. Romero-Barcel6 have made Polish liberty more a dream that future anniversaries of Polish Con proclaiming May 1 as Sun Day through than a reality. stitution Day will be celebrated in a free out the island. Under the name of "En The citizens of Poland today are not and independent Poland.• counter with Solar Energy" and spon free to practice the principles of the May sored by Green Energy, an environ Third Constitution. But it is the great mentalist organization, in coordination triumph of the Polish people that the with the Puerto Rico Office of Energy spirit of freedom has never died-neither SUN DAY and the Environmental Quality Board, in Poland nor in the lands to which the celebrations will continue through Polish sons and daughters immigrated. Sunday, May 7. Americans owe much to Poland and Some of the initiatives announced to her people. In times of national crisis HON. BALTASAR CORRADA day include the inauguration of a solar Polish Americans have always responded OF PUERTO RICO heater in the laundry facilities at La For with honor. When our founding fathers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taleza, the Governor's executive mansion were engaged in a life and death struggle Wednesday, May 3, 1978 in Old San Juan. In addition, the Center for independence and liberty, two Polish for Energy and Environment Research, patriots were largely responsible for im • Mr. CORRADA. Mr. Speaker, today, under a grant from the Department of proving the effectiveness and fighting May 3, 1978, the people of the United Energy, is studying the possibilities of in qualities of American troops who they States celebrate the day of the Sun. As stalling a system of photovoltaic energy trained and helped to lead. Earth Day in April 1970 raised our na cells to provide for water heating facil Throughout the long history of our tional conscience to the grave threats to ities for their building, as well as two ad Nation, freedom-loving Polish immi our health and well-being by the insidi jacent hospitals. The Department of grants have contributed their skill and ous pollution of our air and water·, it is Housing has determined that any future hard work to make this country great. my hope that Sun Day will mark the be public housing construction will include Polish immigrants brought with them ginning of a nationwide recognition of solar water heating facilities. The Puerto their humanitarian ideals and love of the Sun as a provider of new sources of Rico Water Resources authority, in col liberty, they added strength and durabil energy. laboration with the Department of En ity to our American character. Above all, Yet, it is equally important not only ergy is constructing a windmill in Cule they have consistently championed our to view the Sun as another potential en bra, an island municipality off the coast Nation's freedom and have courageously ergy resource, but also as the most viable of Puerto Rico. The windmill, which will defended it on battlefields throughout alternative with which we count today. generate 200 kilowatts of energy, is ex the world. The promise solar energy holds as an pected to deliver half the energy power Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, the Pri environmentally sound, renewable and, required by the 750 year-round inhabi mate of Poland, symbolizes the princi in the long term, economical solution to tants of that small island. ples set out in the May Third Polish our critical energy problems, must be Lastly, an advanced solar technology, Constitution of 1791. This great humani fulfilled by all Americans. To celebrate ocean thermal energy conversion, is of tarian has devoted his life to the cause of Sun Day means that we are actually on great interest to Puerto Rico. With its treedom for all people. The leader of the way toward the realization of this location adjacent to the second deepest Polish Catholics, Cardinal Wyszynski has promise. trench in the world, Puerto Rico is a per defended the human rights of all men It is particularly encouraging to see fect site for experiments in this tech and women regardless of race, religion, how quickly we have come to the reali nology. Indeed, the Department of En or political affiliation. This man has had zation that solar energy is a workable ergy and the Puerto Rico Office of En the courage to oppose the Communist source for our developmental stability ergy have discussed the current develop government of Poland when he felt that and growth. Today we point to solar en ment of this technology. I am pleased to it did not properly represent the inter ergy industries that are already past the note that the Science and Technology ests of the people. The Primate of Poland initial planning stages and are ready for Committee has recommended a $62.1 has s9ught to mend relations between further development and evaluation of million authorization for ocean thermal Germany and Poland in an effort to rid their products. For instance, a 10-mega conversion. the people of ancient prejudice and watt solar thermal electric generating Puerto Rico is an island which thrives hatred. Cardinal Wyszynski strongly de plant is now under construction near on its tropical formation and geographic f ended the Polish Jews who have been Barstow, Calif. It is expected to be op location. We have long enjoyed the eco removed from their homes and jobs by erational within the next 3 years. nomic benefits derived from our tourism the Polish Government. At a time when Currently pending before the CongresL trade, a trade which is the direct result the press and radio tried to poison the are a number of bills dealing with and of our island having been blessed by the social atmosphere with antisemitism, encouraging the use of solar energy and Sun's rays. We are now committed to the the moral leader of the nation preached solar energy research. These range from development of the energy technology love. the proposal to install a solar satellite available from the Sun, thus continuing I have recently added my voice to capable of capturing the Sun's rays in and expanding our search for new and those who wish to nominate Cardinal space and transmitting them back to the more advanced sources of energy. Wyszynski for the Nobel Peace Prize. The Earth in the form of microwaves; to the Our commitment toward solidifying 1978 Nobel Peace Prize would be a long promotion of solar technology use the fragile cohesion of Puerto Rico's eco deserved public recognition of Cardinal through SBA loans. In addition, the nomic and ecological factors can only Wyszynski's great contribution to our House Science and Technology Commit help but benefit from whatever advan world society. tee has increased the authorization lev tages we obtain in this area. As we celebrate this anniversary of · els for solar energy research, develop I trus~ that Sun Day is not merely re the Polish May Third Constitution we ment, and demonstration by $134. 7 garded as the heralder of a distant goal. must rededicate ourselves to the princi million to a total of $476.2 million for Solar energy is no longer an impossible ples of freedom and human rights con fiscal year 1979. It is our hope to advance dream. Instead, let us record this day tained in this historic document. We solar energy technology to the point as one of national acceptance-not just must recognize that all peoples are im where it will be part of our everyday recognition-of the fact that solar en bued with certain inalienable rights and lifestyle and, in this manner, lead a ergy is here to stay.• May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12547 THE BIO CARRIER: A SURVIVABLE, pulting and arresting 35-ton aircraft, big car IMPROVING GOVERNMENT PRACTICAL WEAPON riers can absorb a surprising number of hits REGULATIONS and keep fighting. Small ships cannot. These findings are consistent with actual HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST experience. In World War II, U.S. aircraft carriers were struck 42 times. Five carriers, HON. WILLIAM H. HARSHA OF VIRGINIA all constructed before the war began, were OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sunk but only one was sunk directly by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, May 3, 1978 enemy forces. In 1969, nine large bombs exploded on the Wednesday, May 3, 1978 e Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, the deck of the Enterprise, the first nuclear car House Armed Services Committee will be rier. This was the equivalent of its being hit •Mr.HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, last year recommending to the House inclusion of with at least six SSN3 Soviet cruise missiles, when the Office of Management and an additional Nimitz class nuclear pow yet she was judged to have been able to have Budget was in the process of drafting ered aircraft carrier in the 1979 defense resumed filgh t opera tlons wlthin several Executive Order 12044 on improving authorization bill. The case for this ship hours. Government regulations, I submitted a has been made in a most convincing Land bases in all three recent wars proved series of recommendations which I felt to be far more vulnerable to complete loss would make the final document much column published today in the Wall than carriers and at least as vulnerable to more effective in eliminating needless Street Journal. John Lehman, the author Inlsslon-interference damage. Several hun of this article, "The Big Carrier: A Sur dred U.S. operating air bases were completely regulations, giving the public more op vivable, Practical Weapon," is former lost in World War II. In Korea all air bases portunity for comment, providing busi Deputy Director of the Arms Controls were captured by the North Koreans in the ness groups better notice and avoiding and Disarmament Agency. Very shortly first five days. In Southeast Asia, of the doz harsh economic impact on small busi the House will give consideration to this ens of major air bases constructed by the nesses. United States since 1960, not one remains The Executive order signed by the measure. I hope that all of my colleagues in U.S. hands. By 1973 the United States had will take the time to read this article lost more than 400 aircraft destroyed and President on March 23, 1978, I am which is as fine a statement as I havJ 4,000 damaged on the ground in South pleased to say, incorporates several of read in support of tlie large nuclear pow Vietnam. my recommendations in general form. ered aircraft carrier. As our foreign air bases dwindle (now I have no pride of authorship, so I am pleased that these changes were made. THE BIG CARRIER: A SURVIVABLE, PRACTICAL fewer than 30) with little evident support WEAPON for new base commitments, and with the I believe they will be helpful to the pub cost of foreign bases currently running about (By John Lehman) lic and to the private sector. There is $100 million each for rental alone, carriers one deficiency, however, on which I will To the surprise of many, Congress ls about may be called upon to cover a larger area comment later. to authorize another large aircraft carrier. of the world in the future. The general approach of the Executive How has l t come to be that after enllghtened An interesting finding of the Sea Plan 2000 administration and media defense commen study is that U.S. surface combatants in gen order is desirable, for indeed we do need tators had relegated the "supercarrler" to the eral and carrier battle groups in particular an established administration policy of same fate as the horse cavalry and the battle will become less vulnerable over the next issuing regulations only after the views ship, a broad coalition of conservatives, decade and beyond. That ls because the ex of the public-and those being reg moderates and liberals has emerged in sup pected progress of the Soviet cruise missile, ulated-have been considered. And cer port of building yet another large carrier, and attack bomber and submarine threat wm be of maintaining a 13-carrier force into the tainly we do need a review of existing more than matched by three U.S. develop regulations; a reform of the regulations next century? ments. The first is the now-deployed F-14/ The reason ls that the Carter administra Phoenix fleet air defense system, to be sup development process; regulatory analy tion itself has presented a compelllng case plemented in the '80s by the A-18. The sec sis; better notice; more specific condi to Congress 1n support of large carriers. In ond ls the introduction to the fleet of the tions on the issuance of regulations; and February and March of this year the admin Aegis air defense system for close-in defense specific processes for regulatory imple istration submitted two of the most thorough against missiles that penetrate the fighter mentation. All of these are areas in and exhaustive analytical studies ever com barrier. Third, there have been a number of which regulatory bodies in varying de ~leted on naval force planning. The first sub important advances in antisubmarine war mitted was the Sea-Based Air Platform study grees have been, and are now, deficient. analyzing the .cost-effectiveness and "sur fare. Far too often under the existing reg vlvablllty" of small, medium and large air Perhaps the greatest contribution of the ulatory system the public has not been craft-carrying ships. The second was the Sea two studies was in demonstrating the capa able to find anybody ready to take credit Plan 2000 study analyzing mission require bility of a 13-carrier, 600-ship navy to fight for a particularly burdensome regula ments and force levels for the U.S. Navy for and win in areas of highest Soviet capability. the period 1978-2000. These findings make it difficult to defend the tion. There's got to be someone who is The fact that the Carter administration Carter policy of relegating the Navy to a accountable. Therefore, I urged inclu successfully completed these difficult stud tertiary role in defending NATO. The abllity sion in the final order of a provision re ies in less than a. year and submitted them of the carrier battle groups to prosecute a quiring that the head of each agency to Congress without censoring or deletions forward strategy on the NATO flanks, the "shall approve significant regulations ls much to its credit. That the President northwest Pacific and the Persian Gulf and before they are published for comment and his senior advisers ignored the studies Mideast wm do far more to deter Soviet ad in the Federal Register." I am pleased to completely as they submitted a drastically ventures than a 3 percent increase in fire reduced fiscal 1979 Navy budget without a power or stocks in Germany. see that requirement is retained in the carrier, and with the shipbuilding program The debate in Congress ls now not whether official document. In addition. the final cut in half, is another example of the fail there should be another big carrier, but order includes eight specific determina ure of the administration's decision-ma.king which of the two competing alternatives, the tions the agency head must make before process. 90,000-ton nuclear Nimitz class or the 65,000- he signs significant regulations. The overwhelming nature of the data sur ton oil-powered class, should be authorized In my letter to OMB last year, I spe prised many in Congress. In the words of a this year. The case for nuclear propulsion ls cifically urged that some provision be in former McGovernite, Sen. Gary Hart of Colo rather compelling from a mllitary stand cluded which would allow publication in rado, "It (the first study) demonstrates that point. journals other than the Federal Register the Nimitz-class carrier is individually the The Secretary of the Navy, w. Graham most effective and most survivable ship." Clayter, argues that three smaller carriers of a proposed semiannual agenda of It also demonstrates that there is no can be got for the price of two larger. That regulations that will be reviewed for battle advantage in going to more numer argument would probably carry the day if possible revision or elimination. It has al ous dispersed smaller carriers. A battle group the administration wanted to buy three, but ways been a mystery to me why the bu with three dispersed 30,000-ton carriers will it does not. Admiral Holloway, the Chief of reaucrats think everybody outside not fare better against an attack of 60 So Naval Operations, has testified that if pro Washington reads the "Bureaucrats viet cruise missiles than a battle group with curement ls to be only one ship, it should be Bible," which is the Register. You and I one 90,000-ton carrier. Because of the larger the big carrier. Secretary Clayter has said carrier's massive armoring of propulsion and that if Congress wants a big carrier he will know that certainly is not the case. I magazine, its greater relative compart build it "with enthusiasm." It now seems commented that this agenda "should be mentalization and the structural strength likely he wlll have the opportunity to do carried in publications more likely to be necessary to handle the stress loads of cata- Just that. seen by the public and the industries CXXIY--790-Pa.rt 10 12548 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 3, 1978 which might be affected so more public Mrs. Robinson, who is 85 years old, will the United States was able to build and input prior to regulatory issuance can be honored for her many years of out grow on its own constitutional govern be obtained." standing community service by her many ment, while Poland, as early as 1795, While the final order does not adopt friends and admirers. Her love for people was subjected to partitions and ex my suggestion verbatim, it does include led her to the position of the first Negro ploited by neighboring countries. This in section 2(c) (3) on "opportunity for recreational worker hired by the city of day also serves as a reminder of the close public participation" language authoriz Flint as director of the Clifford Street links between this Nation and the free ing agencies to send notices of proPosed Community Center. She organized five Poland that existed prior to the out regulations to "publications likely to be homemakers clubs in Flint that have ac break of World War II. read by those affected." That is certain tive involvement in school, church, edu While their historic homeland re ly a step in the right direction. cation, politics, civic affairs, and other mains under the shadow of Soviet con My recommendations last year also organizations. These clubs give annual trol, the Polish peop1e in free lands emphasized the need for stressing elimi scholarships to students. She organized proudly commemorate this day of Polish nation rather than simply review of the City Association of Colored Women's democracy and freedom. They look for existing regulations. While this sugges Clubs, the King's Daughters, the Glean ward to the time when they will truly tion also is not specifically adopted, the ers Circle, the Thursday Afternoon Club, have independence both in the national final order's section on review of exist and several young and old singing groups. life of Poland and the individual lives ing regulations calls for review to deter For 29 years she served as pianist and of its citizens.• mine "continued need for the regula director of the choir at Mount Olive tion" and the "need to eliminate over Bapist Church, and she is a founding lapping and duplicative regulations." member of First Trinity Baptist Church. That also is a step in the right direction. She was the first woman to receive the POLISH CONSTITUTION DAY The final order signed by the Presi Sojourner Truth Award from the Negro dent, however, has a defect which I feel Business and Professional Women's Club may have serious consequences for small of Flint. HON. JAMES J. DELANEY businesses. When I reviewed the draft Mrs. Robinson is an admirable example OF NEW YORK order last year, I noted that it contained of how one dedicated person, with en a $25 million threshold on monetary thusiasm, talent, and concern, can im IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES damage to trigger a regulatory analysis. prove the lives of many others.• Wednesday, May 3, 1978 My view was that this level was entirely • Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, it is my too high because while an impact of that sincere wish that today the Members of magnitude might not impact on large ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRADI the House will join with the 10 million businesses, it could destroy small ones. TIONAL INDEPENDENCE DAY OF Americans of Polish ancestry in com My comment concluded, "large com POLAND memorating the 187th anniversary of the panies have the resources to follow rule Polish Constitution of 1791. That noble making proceedings, the comer drug HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI work, closely modeled after our own, was store does not." a benchmark in the struggle of men to I regret to report that not only was OF U.LINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S form governments by the consent of the my suggestion to reduce this figure to governed. $10 million not followed, the final order Wednesday, May 3, 1978 . Its Easter recess completed, the Polish increases the triggering threshold to $100 e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I Diet reconvened on May 2, 1791. At the million. Background comment published would like to take this opportunity to time, Russia and Austria were preoccu in the Federal Register admits that the again this year, call the attention of the pied with a war against Turkey. This di "most frequent criticism of the EIS Members to an important date in the version afforded the Poles the opportu criteria was that the individual industry history of Poland. On May 3, free Poles nity to press on with the formulation of threshold • • • was too high." Yet the throughout the world will celebrate an their constitutional reforms-their bill of order adopted, and argues for, a $100 important Polish national holiday-the rights-without disruption. On the million threshold to trigger a regulatory Polish 3d of May Constitution Day. This morning of May 3, Stanislaus Augustus analysis on the basis that this amount is an important reminder to all, that produced the draft of the new document is identical to the criterion used in the Poland was one of the first pioneers of and the overflowing crowd responded economic impact statement program. progressive thought in Europe. with joyful cries of "zgoda ! zgoda ! " However, the background emphasizes It was on May 3, 1791, that Poland Reflecting upon the event, Baron this is a general requirement which al adopted a constitution that led to a re lows each agency to propooe the specific d'Escare wrote: form of its int,9rnal politics and asserted In France, to gain liberty, they began with threshold level appropriate for its pro its independence. But it came too late, anarchy; in Poland, the nation was given grams. and it could not do enough to halt the liberty and independence, the respect for law, In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I do com third partition of Poland in 1795 by for person and property was assured, and all mend the administration for the noble Russia, Prussia, and Austria. this without violence, without murder, solely aim and general content of Executive Even though the Constitution did not through the virtue of the courage of the Order 12044, and the improvements that have time to take hold, this was one of nation.... were made in the final order. But I wish the momentous events in Polish history. Tragically, the ever wary Russian bear the administration would be a little more Through the years, this spirit embodied was not to be satiated so easily. The dic conscious of the economic problems of in the Polish constitution has never died tator of the day, Catherine the Great, small businesses and how serious a fi in the hearts of Poles who have remained harbored great misgivings about such nancial drain they sustain in complying in their native land or who have mi democratic developments; particularly with Federal regulations.• grated to other countries. The day those occurring on her doorstep. She re serves as a time for remembering and garded the Polish reformers as "the honoring this proud event. Jacobins of Warsaw" and asserted that A TRIBUTE TO EDITH B. ROBINSON While many invasions and subsequent the new Constitution would produce "dis partitions have prevented Poland from orders analogous to those of France." HON. DALE E. KILDEE developing her democratic id,9als into a The Turkish war ended soon after, giving OF MICHIGAN permanent independent government, Catherine the chance to set out after the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES setbacks have failed to break the spirit "enemy in Poland." In a scene sadly for of the Polish people. Poles everywhere shadowing events of World War II and Wednesday, May 3, 1978 are confident that their future will see thereafter, she ordered Russian troops to • Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, I am proud a flourishing Poland, inspired by her cross the frontier on April 8, 1792. De to be able to call to the attention of my great traditions and ideals. spite valiant efforts by many courageous colleagues in the Congress to the reunion It is particularly fitting for Ameri Poles; foremost among them being Thad and testimonial to be held this Sunday, cans to pay tribute to this major con deus Kosciuszko, the Polish-American May 7, 1978, in Flint, Mich., in honor of tribution to democracy in the world. hero of our own Revolutionary War; the Edith B. Robinson. Even more so, we honor the event since Russian horde crushed all resistance. The May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12549 Constitution of 1791 was abolished as a THE BASIC QUESTIONS goal depend on our party assuming the "dangerous novelty" and Catherine ruled responsibility of leadership by setting the conquered country through a puppet forth clear alternative programs. Confederation. Finally, in the last act of HON. MICKEY EDWARDS I am taking the liberty of sharing with humiliation, Poland was partitioned on OF OKLAHOMA my colleagues a recent speech by Con September 23, 1793, and lost all of her IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gressman KEMP. It is an important ea.stem provinces to the Russians. Wednesday, May 3, 1978 speech. It contains advice that can lead Mr. Speaker, today, 187 years later, the us all toward that goal of maximum nationalistic spirit and the Christian e Mr. EDWARDS of Oklahoma. What achievement in a free society. I hope my faith of the Polish people remains strong kind of society do we want? How do we colleagues will read it. and resolute. Let us never forget the go about getting there? Those are the A REPUBLICAN RENAISSANCE aspirations for freedom and liberty basic questions of Government and, un fortunately, th~ questions least asked. (By Hon. Jack Kemp of New York) under-law voiced by them in 1791. And Republican Renaissance? It will be nice let us all pray that their day of true na Too often the Congress provides gov and it's coming. But the truth is I'm not tional liberation will soon be at hand.e ernment by momentum, or government really interested, first and foremost, in a Re by reaction, or government by pressure. publican Renaissance. What I'd rather have, We do what we do because it is what first, is a revival of the American dream, but we have been accustomed to doing. Or I don't think we can get from here to there JOHN GABRIEL TO RECEIVE MAN OF because we disagree with (or feel a Polit without a revolution in the Grand Old Party. THE YEAR AWARD ical need to disagree with) what others American Dream? What am I talking about, American Dream? Americaris hardly remem in Government propose. Or because a ber what it was, it's been so long since we larger, or more powerful, block of per tasted it. was it a house with green shutters HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON sons would have us legislate
reluctant to cross than bulls. This in effect The entire sleeping city ls harassed by auto acoustic energy generated, by the totality of .has divided the herd with animals east and horns, emergency vehicle sirens . . . garbage the acoustic energy in a given cycle, or by west of the Prudhoe Bay complex but none trucks. The sleepers include businessmen in the 90 decibel and higher peaks? in the middle, in an area they are believed their hotels and motels." A Most-annoying I am fascinated as through the years I ob to have formerly occupied. It is probable sound Survey conducted in New York City serve the theoreticians search for that Holy that the Porcupine caribou herd if facea. in 1926 placed garbage collections sixth; in Grail, the perfect noise descriptor. Strange with major developments on its calving 1956, under th& refined phrase of refuse tha.t EPA lights on Leg without requiring groundi:; would soon become a thing of the collection, this source made first place. Ex that with it there be a maximum. What ls past. hibit A, a New York City garbage truck noise the relationship o! these descriptors to that These are only a few of the internationally complaint continues into 1977. 35 dBA optimal level? Is it llloglcal to ex recognized species of wildlife that depend For at least half a century urban man has pect that in the section on benefits here on the arctic coastal plain of the ANWR for lost the right to sleep undisturbed because would be some reference relating to the final their survival. of garbage pick-up noise. If the noise maker reading in the dwelllng? I do not accept In my opinion not one acre is worth add knew this for so long, how can we now offer the contention of EPA that this ls not neces ing to the ANWR if the existing P..ange is to allow him to continue making inappro sary, that the only va.lid approach to the not protected. There is no substitute in all priately excessive noise for 'another decade measurement of impact is by the use of the D-2 legislation for the coastal plain or longer? unproven or questionable assumptions and of the ANWR. I think Interior Secretary It's as if EPA has made a conscious decision esoteric statistics instead of attempting to Andrus expressed it best when he stated to justify its existence without antagonizing evaluate the real-life experience. that the ANWR ought to be the last place industry. What happened to the Congres If we took Sections 4 and 5 literally it we should look for oil. Apparently the com sional mandate that directed the EPA to pro would never be necessary for local or state mittee took little stock of this view. I look mote "an environment for all Americans, free enforcement agencies to go into the field. to you to take positive action to insure the from noise that jeopardizes health or wel All they have to do is equip themselves with future protection of the ANWR. If explora fare?" expP.nsive computer banks programmed for tion and development of the ANWR ls to I shall try to show how and why EPA's the arbitrary averages arrived at by the be allowed let it be clear that it would only approach fails to protect the public health theoreticians. be in the event of a national emergency and welfare. EPA makes no secret of its disinterest in when it may be deemed of critical impor First, we have EPA's narrow, obsolete in coping with people. We are too complex for tance to this country. It is certain that we terpretation of health as freedom from EPA. Instead, says EPA, "in this predictive are not yet so destitute for petroleum and disease or pathology. Why didn't the EPA analysis certain stated assumptions have minerals that we must allow a few to prosti adopt the WHO's definition: health ls not been made to approximate typical, or average tute a national treasure at the expense of so only freedom from disease, but a state of situations. The approach taken to determine many. well-being? Why didn't EPA include the del the benefits associated with the noise ts Yours truly, eterious effect of noise on the quality of life therefore statistical." EPA generously admits DONALD E. Ross, as a factor to be weighed? that individual cases or situations are cause Professional Biologist.e It is now recognized that disease and death for uncertainty. from disease are the final eventuality of a Noise pollution ls the most personal of all series of events that can be modified by en the pollutants. And yet the EPA, and the NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR vironmental factors, including noise. Preven other government agencies such as the FAA NEW TRUCK-MOUNTED SOLID tion and healing are the new directions in and DOT, have chosen to remove its measure WASTE COMPACTORS medicine, not the final step of the treatment ment and evaluation from the actual expe of disease and pathology. But the EPA ls quite rience of people. Why? Because it's too clear that the only harm it wlll recognlze ls complex? Or is it possible that too close an HON. TED WEISS that to hearing, as defined. examination of actual experience would open OF NEW YORK Note well the following cornerstone of up a can of worms that would require EPA EPA's thinking: " ... it is generally assumed to do more than take mincing steps towards IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (although not proven) that significant ad abatement? Wednesday, May 3, 1978 verse effects do not occur below the noise The noise maker gains another round by level considered safe for the purposes of EPA's vague description of the benefit of • Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased hearing conservation." noise reduction. How do you think a politi to submit the testimony of Robert Alex It ls because of this evaluation of the cian or administrator will react when you tell Baron, executive vice president of health impact of noise that we must endure him that by causing industry to spend sev Citizens for a Quieter City, before the 100 decibel subway noirn, 110 decibel Jet eral mlllions of dollars his constituency wm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. noise, the Concorde, and sleep-disturbing gain some vague benefit in health and wel His statement, given at a public hearing garbage trucks. fare? Isn't this poor case for benefit respon in New York City, effectively addresses No wonder the EPA is hard put to describe sible for New York City's Bureau of Noise the pressing problem of noise emission the benefit of garbage truck noise reduction. Abatement budget of $250,000, and New The primary objective of the EPA is to secure York State's munificent noise budget of standards, and I commend it to my col beneficial noise abatement. But it finds little $50,000? leagues: difficulty in developing the case for the cost Where did the EPA get its unproven as TEsTIMONY OF ROBERT ALEX BARON of compliance. The methodology for the sumptions? Mostly from material prepared My name is Robert Alex Baron. I am a economics of the cost of compliance ls pre by men who have a non-civ111an oriented veteran of twelve years in the fight for a sented in a simple, logical fashion. The yard outlook on the environment, men who in all decent acoustic environment, and a pioneer stick ls dollars, but we must not forget that sincerity believe that the only significant of the noise abatement movement of the the cost of compliance is a secondary ccn impact of noise is hearing loss, as defined. 1960s and early 1970s. sidera thm. My interpretation of the end product of their My work with the Federal government con Inadvertently or otherwise, EPA has re machinations ls that they see the civilians as tributed to its present deep involvement in versed its primary a,nd secondary goals. The soldiers in civillan clothing, soldiers who what is known as community/environmental approach to evaluating the benefit of noise must endure noise stress as a norm. noise. reduction is virtually incomprehensible to all EPA's bible on the effect of noise on peo In a. sense I feel like a father of the Fed except a select few specialists. ple was prepared by a psychologist with the eral government's involvement with a noise One would expect that benefits, as were the Central Institute for the Deaf. His reviewers abatement, a father who reacts in sorrow at costs, would be expressed in dollars. But the were an inadequate mixture of disciplines: the watered-down, elitist approach ta.ken by EPA has arbitrarily decided it ls too com physics, psychology, and one physician. All the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plex to measure the benefits of noise reduc the reviewers were members of CHABA, the in implementing its noise abatement tion in dollars, and instead chooses to Committee on Hearing, Bloacoustlcs and strategy. measure them "in health and welfare terms". Biomechanlcs, formerly the Armed Forces I sometimes feel it would be more accurate I confess that I do not understand what Committee on Hearing, etc. To the best of for the EPA to change its name to Industry these terms are or what they mean. The sec my knowledge, CHABA 's sponsoring agencies Protection Agency (IPA). tion in the background document dealing are the Armed Forces and NASA. Civilian The proposed regulations cannot be as with benefits is evasive, incomprehensible, agencies at the time I wrote The Tyranny Of sayed without reference to the narrow defi and replete with irrelevancies. I question Noise were affiliates, not sponsors. The phy nitions of the Nation's noise abatement goals whether most physicians or medical research- sician who was one of the reviewers of EPA's as defined by the EPA. ers could understand what was being said. document on the effect of noise on people is But first allow me to agree with the EPA If sleep disturbance is a major concern, a former officer of CHABA. His concepts are that garbage truck noise ls indeed a serious why is no reference made to the optimum highly regarded in the field of acoustics and noise source impacting millions. In 1969 in goal o! 35 dBA indoors? Are the descriptors hearing conservation. Here ls some insight in Nation's Cities I could say "Urban man Leg, Ldn, and SEL relevant to garbage truck how certain specialists show concern for has ... lost the right to sleep undisturbed. noise? Am I awakened by the totality of human beings when it comes to noise. It was May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12567 at a meeting of science writers, and one of A last point. Congress requires that the A TIME FOR QUIET the writers asked his doctor this question: EPA conduct public hearings. What good are wasn't the doctor "concerned because of the these hearings if the language of noise pol additional stresses to which human beings lution is rendered incomprehensible to all HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL were now being subjected, plus the new ones e~cept the elite? EPA claims it ls interested OF NEW YORK around the corner?" He answered that "the in public education. It puts out lovely pam IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES human being, as proven by history, has tre phlets showing the levels of different noise mendous capa.b111ties for adapting, and that sources. How is the public supposed to relate Wednesday, May 3, 1978 he has every confidence it would adapt to these levels, all in dBA, to energy-averaged e Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the noise stress." levels, SEL, ENI, Leg, etc.? roar and rumbk of low-flying jetliners Apparently EPA has adopted this concept, What must be done? that it is the human being that must make Sta.rt out by re-examining your narrow in the late-night and early-morning the major accommodation, not the noise definition of the public health and welfare. hours is one of the most unpleasant facts source. Shouldn't the burden of proof of Think of the basic objectives of the Federal of life endured by those living in areas freedom from harm fall upon the noise Water Act: "to restore and maintain the immediately surrounding many of our maker? Who are the mysterious "they" whose chemical, physical, and biological integrity Nation's airports. I have introduced leg a.c,sumptions guaranteeing the maintenance of the Nation's systems." Are we human islation that can provide immediate re of high noise levels a.re accepted without beings entitled to anything else? lief for millions of noise-weary citizens proof? Re-examine some of the platitudes and while a permanent solution is developed. EPA admits it depends upon other agencies cliches that you accept as gospel truths. Is and institutions to carry out its needed re the noise problem really that complex that My legislation, H.R. 70, the Airport searchers. Are these agencies and institutions it may take a century to evolve a method Noise Curfew Act, calls for the creation impartial, concerned about human beings, or for measuring noise? Why was I able to get of a nine-member Commission to in oriented toward industrial and milltary the American pneumatic tool industry to in vestigate the establishment of restric standards? troduce a first generation silenced portable tions on airport and aircraft operations Who concocted the decibel jabberwocky air compressor with a noise reduction of 20 during normal sleeping hours and to that constitutes your section on noise meas decibels? make specific legislative recommenda urement? I showed this section to practicing Why have you held back on a realistic goal tions to the Congress. acoustic engineers. Here are some of their for a night-time noise source by linking it The need for such legislation has been verbatim comments: "It's vague-It doesn't with transportation noise in general? Iso zr.ake sense-This was written by and for late garbage truck noise as its own particu clearly demonstrated by a recent survey lawyers, not engineers-". One suggested lar source. The trucks that power this source and reported by the Town-Village Air this section should be completely rewritten. must be designed for night-time use. craft Safety and Noise Abatement Com His rather earthy reaction to the introduc After twelve years of e~perlence, I seri mittee of Nassau County, L.I. tion of SEL and ENI, etc., "there ls enough ously question the need for decibel complex The report, titled "Survey of Night Re dB crap, why more?" ity. It ls easier to design tor quiet than to strictions on Airport Operations at Air It would surprise me if I were to find evolve the universal descriptor. We have port.5 Throughout the World," indicates twelve people 1n the U.S. who readily under been working for some 50 years on that that numerous airports in the United stood Sections 4 and 5. task, isn't it time we began to question the basis on which this decibel jabberwocky is States already have imposed limitations Noise control ls an art, not a science. Is it based? of one kind or another on night opera valid to average loud and quiet noises? Is it Start a research program on a method for tions. The most important finding of the valid to arrive at a building shell attenua report is that such noise restrictions are tion factor by averaging all four seasons? measuring and evaluating the effect of noise Is it a fa.ct or an incomplete fact that an on people. Turn this research over to re both practical and essential. open window affords a decibel attenuation ~ee.rchers who are concerned about human The need for curfews on aircraft opera of 10 decibels? Is it more accurate to say beings and can be proven to have no vested tions is born of necessity. Certainly the interest in protecting industry or the liabil protection of the environment is of major that researches showing nonaudltory ha.rm ity insurance companies. are inconclusive, or that there have been concern-noise pollution is one of our too few such researches? Why is it OK to Bring in a broad mix of disciplines. The most pressing environmental problems. use animals to establish a relationship of road to protection from noise is wider than the path to hearing conservation. Hardnosed But another important factor is the noise to hearing loss, but not acceptable health and well-being of those individ to use animals to establish a relationship scientists and engineers and physicists may of noise to non-auditory ha.rm? Why ls the of a priesthood dictating mankind's acous uals residing in the vicinity of a busy air garbage truck proposal linked to transpor have a role to play, but it should not be that port. The report states: ta. tlon? Is it really acceptable to the EPA tic environment. Noise can ca.use physiological and psycho that the 1981 truck noise standard is de Unless you want to be known as the In logical damage to human beings, and has an sirable for night-time operations outside dustry Protection Agency, drop your credo adverse effect on activities such as work, residences? Why is so much emphasis in that the human being can and must adjust recreation, sleep, communication and rest. It the section on benefits placed on how wide to the machine, and not the reverse. affects sleep and the recupera.tory powers streets a.re? Why does the EPA de-empha To conclude, it saddens me that the EPA during illnesses. size the discreet event, which is what gar must use hearing-oriented specialists to The survey indicates that almost one bage noise basically is? Does the background pontificate about the non-auditory impact out of every three airports answering the document reveal the extremely brief peaks of noise. It saddens me that the gurus of the of noise; in other words, does the sound impact of noise on people are limited to questionnaire reported restrictions on level meter detect all of the peaks that might hard-nosed physical scientists, and military night flight.5, the average restricted hours ca.use sleep disturbance? and autition-oriented psychologists. I do not being from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. Half the Isn't somebody going to be deceived when question their sincerity, I do question their total number have had such restrictions you fail to make clear the standard sound ability to feel concern for the civilian popu for 10 years or more; 68 percent of these level meter will not measure the peak noise lation. airports stated they have restrictions on levels made during the garbage pick-up This proposed truck-mounted solid waste engine warmups or runups. cycle? compactor noise emission regulation is dif The cost of a curfew is minimal, there For enforcement purposes will or will it ficult to understand, achieves only a slight is no question of comprising safety and not be necessary for local noise abatement noise reduction 1n an inordinately long time frame, and introduces approaches and pre no new technology is needed. Curfews agencies to purchase $3,000 impulse meas may cause minor inconveniences to a uring SO\lnd level meters? dictors that are arguably irrelevant or inade quate. very few but these must be weighed Why is the EPA afraid to come to grips with against the public's right to domestic intrusive noise? Its descriptors a.re designed If you cannot change this regulation I for pervasive noise; more or less stea.dy suggest you seriously take upon yourselves tranquility and a decent night's sleep. sta.te noise .found in industry more readily the responsibility for providing the Ameri This is not the ultimate solution to the than in the community. can public with ear plugs to reduce annoy noise pollution problem, but it is a viable ance and also agree to pay the medical cost short-term answer which will provide If garbage truck noise is directive, as I have of taking care of the resulting ear canal in been told it is, is it valid to use an energy flama.tions. If you continue your abate inunediate relief to those who have had average around a.II four sides of the truck? ment efforts at this snail's pace I respect to put up with the constant roar of air Aren't we deceiving the public when we fully suggest that you prepare for the year craft engines. speak of 50 and 75 % reductions in noise lev 2000 by mass-producing the noise survival This survey, which I am inserting be els when such a reduction expressed in suit now on the market. low for the benefit of my colleagues, decibels does little to close the gap between Thank you for allowing me to express my shows that the curfew alternative is a desirable and deleterious noise levels? self on this proposal and its significance.e meaningful one. It reminds us that, "man 12568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 9, 1978 bas more than a responsibility to himself l7N1TED STATES AIRPORTS House of operation alone. He is responsible for his actions Night restrictiom Of those airports responding, 34 are open and the effects of his actions." In partial 10 of the 37, or 27 percent of the airports 24 hours a day. One ls open from 6 a.m. to fulflllment of that responsibility, I shall answering our questionnaire reported night 10 p.m. [M1Iler I.A.], one from 6 a.m. to continue to work for the passage of the restrictions. The average restricted hours 9:30 p.m. [Falls I.A.] and one d1d not specify Airport Noise Curfew Act. being from 11 P.M. to 6 A.M. their hours of operation. Stapleton International Airport reported Percent [From the Town-Village Aircraft Safety and that their restrictions have been in effect for Open for traffic 24 hours a daY- 34 91 Noise Abatement Committee) the past 12 years. Three reported having re Open 6 a.m. to 10 p.m------1 3 St7aVEY OF NIGHT REs'l'aICTIONS ON Al:aCRAJT strictions for 10 years. Logan International Open 6 a.m. to 9:30 p.m______1 a 0PD.ATIONS AT AmPORTS THROUGHOUT THE Airport's restrictions have been in effect for Not specified------1 3 WORLD the past 9 months. INTRODUCTION Percent Total------37 100 A most aggravating source of noise pollu 10 years or more ______:_ 6 60 Average daily operatl.om tion is that from jet aircraft during the Syears------2 20 hours from 11 PM to 6 AM. These "sleeping Less than 3 years______3 30 The average number of datly operations hours" have a great bearing on the health of reported by those responding ranged from • the individual. Total------10 100 low of 25 to a high of 1429. Percent Studies by Dr. Julius Buchwald demon Among the restrictions listed were: only strated that a person whose dreams are con 901 to 1,600------4 11 speclfl.ed runways may be used, must cross 801 to 900______6 tinually interrupted may develop psychoses, the city [ % mile distant] at 5,000 feet MSL, 501 to soo ______12 u hallucinations, suicidal and homicidal im 251 to 32 pulses and nightmarish memories. The cumu only FAR Part 36 aircraft accepted and no 500______6 16 lative effect of the subliminal interruptions aircraft over 12,500 pounds. 25 to 250______9 2, may cause increasing 1rr1tab111ty, anxiety and Engine runup and warmup restrlctl.om Not reporting______1 a more rapid onset of fatigue. 25 or 68 percefit reported restrictions on Gerald D. Dorman, M.D., a past president engine run-ups and/or warm-ups. The re 100 of the. American Medical Association agrees strictions ranged from only in speclfl.ed areas, Total ------37 to the fact that the health hazard of noise only with permission, not allowed by city Average night operatiom ls serious and says, ''The sounds which bom ordinance [Houston Intercontinental] to Thirty or eighty-one percent reported the bard us day and night can be both a physical forbidden. number of night operations which ranged and psychological danger." While not all operators commented, of from a low of 2 [Wolf Point I.A.] to a high our legislators In Washington, D.C., who those who did, we have selected a few that of 200 [ San Francisco I.A.]. have control over the Washington National we believe show an enlightened airport man- Seven or nineteen percent did not report Airport are aware of all of this because they agement: , the number of night operations at their have, long ago, compelled restrictions to be Bradley I.A.-8cheduling limits of arrivals fac111ty. placed on night flights at that airport. and departures between 11 P .M. and 7 A.M. Percent However, our requests for night flight re helps community-airport relations. 151 to 200______3 I strictions locally have been turned down Ontario I.A.-[Even though homes en 101 to 150______1 a arbitrarily by the Industry, prophesying croach on the alrport]-we have good co 51 to 100______6 1' bankruptcy and worse if such restrictions operation with our tenants. O to 50______21 67 were placed on jet aircraft movements in a Stapleton I.A.-Run-ups restricted to cer Not reporting______7 18 United States airport. Most peculiar, since tain areas situated so as to not bother our for years in the past, these same airlines neighbors. Total ------37 100 have operated and prospered under night Dulles I.A. had an interesting comment flight restrictions around the world. What ls Operations at night [11 P.M. to 7 A.M.] are Type of aircraft accepted IO different about the same restrictions here? suspended if they become annoying. The range of types of aircraft accepted at The claim that scheduling times would not the airports responding ranged from small permit a restriction in night flights 1s TABLE 1.-NIGHT RESTRICTIONS AT U.S. AIRPORTS private aircraft up to 747's, etc. with one groundless. A practical demonstration of [Dulles) accepting the Concorde SST. echeduling would prove the fallacy of such Restric- Population of area closets to airport a claim. The claim that passenger demand tions A/0 Restric- for night flights would not permit a restric curfew on tions on Of the 27 operators who answered, popula tion of such flights is equally fallacious. The aircraft engine tions ranged from a low of 30 to a high of move- warmups 2,000,000. See Table 2 for a detailed break demand for night flights originated not with ments A/0 runup the passenger but in the airline's advertising. down. A restriction in night flights would not Percent only place the airlines in a much more fav Fairbanks I.A., Fairbanks. Alaska .• ______O to 5,000______8 22 orable economic position, it would also make Anchorage I.A., Anchorage, Alaska •.••..•..• ______X 5,000 to 500,000------17 48 Tucson I.A., Tucson, Ariz ...... •• X X 500,000 to 2 million______2 6 friends where most needed-among the peo San Francisco I.A., San Francisco, Calif... X X Not reporting ______10 27 ple surrounding the airports who would be Ontario I.A., Ontario, Calif...... •... X X able to get a good nights sleep. Los Angeles I.A., Los Angeles, C1liL .•. X X San Diego I.A., San DieJ!O, Calif.. •.••• _ X X Since there is little or no inclination from Stapleton I.A., Denver, Colo •..•••..•.• _ X X Total ------37 100 the majority of the airlines and airport op Bradley I.A.1.Windsor Locks, Conn ..•••••.•..• ____ X Commentary on findings at U.S. airports erators to try to live and let live, the people Miami I.A., Miami, Ra .•••.••...•... ·------X have only this last recourse--federal and/or Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood I.A., Fort ••.•.••.•. x The 69 U.S. airports were chosen in an ef state legislation making night flight restric Lauderdale, Fla. fort to have a valid cross-section of fac111ties. Jacksonville I.A., Jacksonville, Rorida •••• ------•. While the response was 54 % , a few of the tions mandatory. The aviation industry must Honolulu I.A .. Honolulu, Hawaii.. ..•.•.. X bring Itself into the 20th Century. People New Orleans I.A., New Orleans La ...••..•••..... X largest airports are missing. There was no have rights too. Baltimore-Washington I.A., Baltimore, X X response from John F. Kennedy International Md. Airport 1n New York and O'Hare in Chicago. Logan I.A •• Boston, Mass ______X X WORLDWIDE AIRPORT RESTRICTIONS Falls I.A., International Fills, Minn ______Their absence, however, does not diminish Muskegon County Airport. Muskegon •••.•.•.•.• the validity of this survey. Mich. · United Per- For- Per- For example, the total number of opera Wolf Point I.A., Wolf Point, MonL.------tions at JFK for the month of January 1978 States cent ei1n cent Billings Logan I.A., Billings, Mont.. ••••• X X Glasgow I.A., Glasgow, Mont. ••...... ••.••.•..... was 22,262 or an average of 742 per day. Four Flllht ind test restrictions •••...• Lambert Field, Sl Louis. Mo ..•.•••...... •.•.. X airports with heavier daily traffic did re 9 24 26 38 McCarran I.A., Las Vegas, Nev ______X spond: Fll1ht restrictions only •.•.•....•. 1 3 9 13 Cleveland Hopkins I.A., Cleveland, Ohio ••••••.•••• X Test restrictions only .•.•••••..•• 15 41 8 11 Portland I.A., Portland, Ore1 •••••••.••.•••••••••• X William P. Hobby, 969; San Francisco I.A., No restrictions ••••.. ------... 12 32 27 38 Erie I.A., Erie, Pa •••••.•••••••..•••••••.•••••••• X 1,000; Stapleton I.A., 1,400; and Los Angeles Total. ..•..••. ----...... 37 100 70 100 Phi11delphi1 I.A., Philadelphia, P1 .••••••••••••..• I.A., 1,429. Charleston AFB/I.A., Charleston, S.C ••••••••••.•• All but Hobby have night restrictions. The United States El Paso I.A., El Paso, Tex •.••••.••••.••••••••..•• X ind forei1n Percent Miller I.A., McAllen, Tex •••••..•....•••.••....•• fact that 3 major airports, all with heavier Houston Intercontinental Airport, Houston,Tex ..•• X traffic than Kennedy Airport are able to op Flilht ind test restrictions •..••.. 35 34 Dallas Love Field, Dallas, Tex •••••••••••...... • erate with night restrictions, 1s proof posi Flilht restrictions only .••.•...... 10 9 Silt Lake City I.A., Salt Lake City, Utah ••...... Test restrictions only ______23 21 Burlinaton I.A., Burlinaton, Vt. ••.••••••••...•••• X tive, that similar night restrictions can be 1 No restrictions ••••••••••.•••.•. 39 36 J:~o:~~~~:Or! J~ustin~ re"x::::::: == =: ~ instituted at JFK, which has 52% less dally ~r:~eDulles I.A., Washinaton, D.C •..••.••••••••••••••• traffic than LAX. Both receive overseas fl.lght. Tot81 ••••••• ----•••••• --• 107 100 and are major gateways. None of the men- May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12569 tloned faclllties have as heavy a population SOLAR ENERGY INFORMATION facWties such as remote telephones, marker density at its borders as JFK. FOR SUN DAY - buoys, weather monitors, etc. It must be remembered that there is a vast Windmills were common throughout the difference between a curfew and night re rural west early in our history. They were strictions. Curfew means a general shutdown HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. used for the direct pumping of water, and of the facillty except for emergencies while for small electric generators. However, they night restriction: generally means that either 01' CALil'ORNIA could not compete, either economically or in certain runways can only be used or only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dependab111ty, with the coming of R.E.A. equipment meeting specified criteria can Wednesday, May 3, 1978 electricity, and most were abandoned or use the airport during the "sleeping hours", replaced. or a combination of both. While a prefer •Mr.GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, over Solar hot water systems, with conven ential runway system is a step in the right the last weekend, our colleague, Con tional rooftop solar collection panels, were direction and JFK does have it, no exceptions gressman MmE McCORMACK, was invited common earlier in this century in Florida, should be allowed except for emergencies. To to deliver several public addresses on and in other areas of the sun belt, but they make PRS even more effective, it should be could not compete with natural gas, econom in conjunction with a restriction as to the solar energy. His remarks present a real ically or in dependab111ty, so they were, type of aircraft than can use an airport at istic and encouraging picture for solar in most cases, removed. They are still com night. energy dev-elopment, pointing out the mon in Israel and Japan, where fossil fuels Population of heaviest impacted , areas and progress that this Nation has made in a.re rare and expensive, and where nuclear distance from airport (U.S. airports) solar energy research, development, and energy provides only a. portion of the energy Location, Distance, and Population demonstration, primarily through the demand. leadership of the Subcommittee on Ad The House of Representatives Task Force Fairbanks I.A., Fairbanks, Alaska, not on Energy, which I chaired, recommended, given, 14,000. vanced Energy Technologies and Energy Conservation Research, Development, in its report in 1972, among six other key Anchorage I.A., Anchorage, Alaska, .6 miles points, that: SW of city center, 50,000. and Demonstration, which Congressman "Because of (solar energy's) continuous Tucson I.A., Tucson, Arizona, % mile, 155 McCORMACK chairs and on which I serve and virtually inexhaustible nature, Solar acres, 700 homes in NEF 40 contour. as ranking minority member. Energy Research a.nd Development should Ban Francisco I.A., San Francisco, Cali Because Members of the House may receive greatly increased funding. Near term fornia, at border, 88,000. wish to benefit from the factual informa applications of solar power for household Ontario I.A., Ontario, California, at border, tion and responsible perspective of his uses seem likely, and central station ter not given. remarks, I am submitting a slightly restrial solar power and satelite solar power Los Angeles I.A., Los Angeles, California, edited version of them herewith: are attractive long-term possibllltles." 800 feet, 110,000. At that time, 1972, funding for solar San Diego I.A., San Diego, Callfornla, not STATEMENT BY CONGRESSMAN MIKE energy research development and demon given, not given. MCCORMACK stration was less than $2 milllon per year. Stapleton I.A., Denver, Colorado, at border, May I extend by congratulations to each Early in 1973 we initiated the Solar Heat 300,000. of you who are here today, celebrating our ing and Cooling Research Development and Bradley I.A., Windsor Locks, Conn., not accomplishments to date in solar energy re Demonstration Act which became law in given, 10,000. search, development and demonstration, and 1974. It established the solar heating demon Miami I.A., Miami, Florida, ¥.z mile, 500,000. who are here recognizing the role that solar stration program which has been a spar energy applications may play in our future kling success, and under which we now have Ft. Lauderdale-Hollywood I.A., Ft. Lauder as individuals, and as a nation. dale, Fla., at border, undetermined. (or soon will have) more than 7,000 indi Of course, mankind has been benefltting vidual residences on solar energy for space Jacksonvllle I.A., Jacksonvllle, Florida, not from the use of sunshine since before the given, not given. heating or hot water, or both, and more dawn of recorded history-warming houses, than 1300 industrial fac111ties and commer- · Baltimore-Washington I.A., Baltimore, Md., making bricks, drying clothes and crops, clal and public buildings on solar energy not given, 19,050 people exposed to LDN 65 raising and processing food. All of our plant for process heat, space heating, hot water, or more. and animal life depends on the sun-our a.nd, in a few cases, solar energy used for Logan I.A., Boston, Mass., at border, 50,000. crops and our trees---everything we eat re cooling. quires its beneficial rays. Even our fossil Falls I.A., International Falls, Montana, 3 Unfortunately, an economically competi miles, 1,000. fuels, our coal, oil, and gas, which originated tive solar powered air conditioner for indi from plant and animal life can, if one wishes, vidual homes has not yet been developed, Wolf Point I.A., Wolf Point, Montana, 200 be considered as concentrated, packaged, a.nd miles, 30. and our solar cooling demonstration pro stored solar energy. gram ls behind schedule. Therefore, in the Bllllngs Logan I.A., Billings, Montana, Y2 The wind is caused by the action of the mile, 10,000. authorizing legislation for the Department of sun warming the Earth's atmosphere, so it Energy for FY 1979, we have added language Glasgow I.A., Glasgow:, Montana, not given, can be considered as indirect solar energy. some folks think ot hydroelectricity a to extend the solar cooling demonstration not given. a.s by three years, through 1982. Our plan is to Mccarron I.A., Las Vegas, Nevada, at bor form of solor energy, because of the Sun'e install about 2,000 combined solar heating der, 1,500. heat, evaporating the ocean's water a.nd causing the winds to blow the clouds to the e.nd cooling systems across the rountry as Cleveland-Hopkins I.A., Cleveland, Ohio.• mountains, from where the water ultimately a pa.rt of that program, and t.o collect data Portlanc! I.A., Portland, Oregon, 1 mile, flows into our rivers, and through the tur from them, as we are now doing from part unknown. bines at our dams. of the solar heating demonstrations, and Erie I.A., Erle, Penna., 300 feet, 20,000. In fact, except for nuclear energy, either as we will continue to do over the next fl.ve fission or fusion; and geothermal energy, years. Philadelphia I.A., Philadelphia, Penna., , We are spending a considerable amount mile, 5,000. which is nuclear and gravitational in or.tgin; and tidal energy, which is gravitational of money on the solar heating and coollng Charles AFB/IA, Charleston, south Caro program: last year we provided $103.9 mil lina, 2 miles, 350,000 in 10 mile radius. · ( caused by the sun, the earth, and the moon), all the energy we have comes, or lion for this effort a.nd this year we have El Paso I.A., El Paso, Texas, 1 mile, not originally came, from tbe sun's radiation fall recommended $106 million. The President's given. ing upon the earth. It's no wonder, really, budget request for next year proposed cut Miller I.A., Mc4Ilen, Texas, 2 miles, 52,000. that sun worship was common among ancient ting the program to '81 million, but my Houston Intercontiental Airport, Houston, civUizations, and that countless religions Subcommittee recommended and the Scl Texas, not given, not given. were based upon it. ence Committee endorsed an increase Salt Lake City I.A., Salt Lake City, Utah, However, our attention today is focused on instead-to $118 milllon-an increase of 48% 1-5 miles, 35,000. a few special technologies for collecting or over the Administration recommendation. concentrating the sun's energy in such a. One of the most encouraging aspects of Burlington I.A., Burlington, Vermont, at our Bolar Demonstration Program is that it border, unknown. way that we may use it to supplement our conventional sources of energy: coal, natural has stimulated private industry to get into Spokane I.A., Spokane, Washington, 4-5 gas, oil, hydroelectricity, and nuclear fission. the act. miles, 200. Our nation's program for the wide-spread This is what we wanted, as I expressed at use of solar energy really started ill 1973 in the time, we intended to "push everyone off •Distance given in questionnaire was- the SCience Committee's Subcommittee on the diving board at the same time." In this approximately 13 miles from downtown Energy, which I was privileged to cha.Ir. Pre we have been highly successful. The solar Cleveland. Population given was 2,000,000 vious to that, the NASA had used photovol heating and cooling program has included but also listed was a number of suburbs taic cells on solar panels on space satellltes, both large and small manufacturers of solar which indicated that there are people much but these were (and still are) very expensive. systems, building and trade associations and Cl()jl8r impacted by no18e from operations at Terrestlal applications of photovoltaic sya numerous national and local unions. The this facWty. e · tems were limited to 1.lolated, and small, number of industrial corporations now pro- 12570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 3, 1978 ducing solar equipment exceeds 350. Ev~n we wm learn much from all of these solar President's goal. At $10,000 each, 15 million more important, the private sales of solar col buildings-about reliabillty, unexpected such residences would cost $150 b111ion. lectors and related equipment last year were problems, state and local laws, zoning prob An optimistic estimate of the total contri more than seven times the amount purchased lems, and about a homeowner's solar rights. bution that solar energy can make is 3% to through all Federal programs combined. I (Can your neighbor shade your solar col 5 % by the year 2000. I know this disappoints expect that, this year, private sales wm be lectors?) some solar enthusiasts, and I wish it were more than ten times those involving Federal I have not mentioned what have become possible to produce more solar energy purchases. At this point the solar heating known as "passive solar" homes. These are sooner and cheaper. However, we would be and hot water industry has reached viab111ty homes or other buildings built with maxi tray those who look to us for responsible without Federal support, either direct or mum insulation, the best orientation with leadership if we were to become "latter-day indirect. respect to the sun, and the best design of sun-worshippers," ignoring the limits im Of course, we do not plan to drop the windows, skylights, overhanging eaves, and posed by engineering, materials, logistics and program just because of our successes to date. trees and shrubbery. I believe that all new economics, and by the sun itself. It's impor Last year, for instance, I sponsored legislation buildings should incorporate passive solar tant to recognize that 3 to 5% of our energy to provide each homeowner with a tax credit features as much as is practical. production in the year 2000 will represent the of 25 % of the cost of installation of a solar The solar energy budget for all solar energy equivalent of about 2¥2 million barrels of oil system, up to 25% of $10,000, or $2,500. research, development and demonstration a day; oil which need not be imported, paid (My b111 would have provided the same tax which we reported from the House Commit for, or burned. At today's prices, that's a credit for insulation of homes, or the pur tee on Science and Technology only a few saving of $11 b1llion a year-and that's a lot chase of heat pumps or electric cars.) The days ago-totals $476 million, with an addi to celebate for solar energy.e concept of my proposals was included in the tional $53 million for bioconversion pro legislation known as the ''President's Energy grams-$529 million in all. This is an in B1ll," which is now in conference committee, crease of 47% over the President's request, although the amount of the tax credit has and a 6,700% increase in five years. This THREE OUTSTANDING CITIZENS been reduced to a maximum of $2,200. This includes $96.4 million for thermal electric b111 will become law, I believe, by summer, conversion-the "solar farms" in the desert, and wm provide this benefit for homeowners, with many square miles or mirrors to collect HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN thus making solar heating and cooling sys heat; $60.7 mlllion for wind energy, includ tems economically competitive in some of the ing operation of two large wind generators, OF MABYLAND areas of the country where they are not com construction of several others, and dozens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES petitive otherwise. of small windmills; $125 million for photo Wednesday, May 3, 1978 In addition, new legislation, which I have voltaics, as the beginning of a massive and joined in sponsoring, would create a "Federal very aggressive ten-year program to try to • Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, this Solar Loan Bank" to loan money at 3% inter bring the cost of these systems down to the Saturday, May 6, the Prince Georges est, to individual citizens who build a solar point where systems providing sunshine-to County Committee of the National Con home or retrofit an existing home with a electricity, with no moving parts, may be solar system. Such assistance will also con competitive, at lea.st in isolated areas in tbis ference of Christians and Jews will honor tribute to making solar energy more eco country or overseas, where conventional elec three outstanding citizens of our com nomically competitive with conventional tricity is unavailable or very expensive; $62 munity. As we all know, the National sources in certain areas of the country. million for ocean thermal conversion-to at Conference of Christians and Jews car These attempts at economic stimulus and tempt to build electric generators at sea or ries out year-round educational pro support emphasize one of the key reasons for on tropical islands, using the solar heat grams in school-community relations, the fact that solar energy has never been stored in the surface waters of the tropical police-community relations, and human extensively used in this country. It has not oceans; and $53 million for bioconversion relations in education. The conference been economically competitive with conven to develop practical systems to convert all tional energy sources. In addition, the "front kinds of organic materials to economically has contributed much to the improve end", or original capital cost is high. Today, competitive fuel or energy. ment of interreligious understanding and the cost of buying and installing a solar One will see that this phenomenal growth the building of meaningful relations be space heating and hot water system in an in solar energy research development and tween the diverse citizens' groups of average existing house is about $10,000. Over demonstration, along with support for all Prince Georges County. The honorees a year's time it will provide about half of the other reasonably promising technologies for at this year's brotherhood dinner exem energy required for these purposes. A back conserving energy or producing clean com plify, to a remarkable degree, the ideals up system, using a conventional energy petitive energy, is consistent with our policy for which the conference stands: source, wm st111 be required. Accordingly the of bringing each technology to the point economic viabillty of solar systems (in any where commercialization can occur. Evelyn J. Bata has been a champion location) depends on the cost of conventional Our heavy emphasis on solar energy springs of equal employment opportunity and energy an the average yearly amount of sun· from the fact that it is clean, free, and un of minority and women's affirmative ac shine in that location, along with the inter interruptable. Our enthusiasm and generous tion programs, a designer of model pro est rate on the money that most homeowners fending is, I believe, Justified. grams for teenage youth, and an inno would have to borrow to pay for the solar vator in reform of the criminal justice installation. The "Solar Loan Bank" will ob· However, we should not fall into the trap viously help make solar systems more com· of overselling ourselve&-<>r trying to over system. She :1as served as a consultant petitlve. sell others on solar energy. In spite of its on vocational education and has played a Taking all costs and benefits of a residen advantages, solar energy has very real limits. leading role in initiating and funding tial solar system into account, as compared The solar ene!'gy falling on each square meter community college scholarship programs. to a conventional system, and extending ot the United States averages about 5 kilo Jarvis Blair has labored in the garden both over the life of the systems (10 to 20 watt hours for each 24-hour day. It may be six in the southwest and only four in Seattle, of love and concern for her fellow citi years, depending on the system and one's as zens. Her activities range from the sumptions) ls known as "life cycle costing". but the amount is controlled by the sun, and Recent testimony before my Subcommittee we cannot change it. We can concentrate it strings of the National Symphony to the by the Solar Energy Industries Association to make it hotter, but the amount of heat is swim kicks of the American Red Cross, and by the Doctors Marjorie and Aden permanently fixed. from Volunteer Bureaus of America to Meinel, who are among the solar energy pio The second limit is that existing collector the YMCA, day care centers, and the neers, indicate that, on the average across systems for solar heating are already about health and welfare needs of Prince the country, solar space heating will compete as efficient-and about as cheap-as they are Georges County. with electric baseboard heat for electricity going to get. Except in the development of G. James Gholson is a dedicated and costs above 5 cents per kilowatt-hour. From photovoltaic cells, we should not expect any highly respected educator who has been this we know that the break even cost for a dramatic break-throughs in solar technology house using an electric heat pump would be or costs. a pioneer in intergroup relations in about 9 cents/KWH, and for a gas heated Finally, in spite of all its potential, solar Prince Georges County. As area super home if the cost of natural gas exceeds about energy cannot possibly make more than a intendent in the northern administra $10 per million BTU. If one is serious about small contribution to our national energy tive area of the Prince Georges county obtaining more accurate information for a production capacity during this century. It public schools, he has continued his in specific solar design in a specific area, one cannot possibly relieve the critical necessity novative leadership in school and com can call the National Solar Heating and for a heavy reliance on clean coal and nuclear munity groups which foster quality edu Cooling Information Center-toll free-at fl.salon during this century. For instance, if 800-523-2929. cation for all students. we can convert 20% of all the residences in Mr. Speaker, I know my colleagues will Of course, our Demonstration Program will the country to solar energy for hot water sharpen these data. In addition, some home and space heating and cooling, this will pro join with me in offering congratulations owners will "go solar", regardless of co.st, vide 2 % of our nation's energy requirements. and best wishes to these three outstand and we w111 learn from them. In particular, 20% is 15 mlllion residences-six times the ing citizens.• May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12571 ELIMINATING GENOCIDE nians and the Jews, but it also missed the cool buildings, is being demonstrated as opportunity to punish some of those respon part of Sun Day activities. sible and thereby give sharp warning to geno These innovative demonstrations are HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN cidal tyrants of the future. None of the intended to be educational and fun, and OF MASSACHUSETl'S Turkish leaders responsible for the Armenian massacres was ever punished for the crimes. other planned activities will bring a f es IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Contrary to popular understanding, inter tive mood to this celebration of solar Wednesday, May 3, 1978 national war crimes trials in Nuremburg after energy. However, our objective in desig World War II did not punish all the leaders nating this day as Sun Day is serious e Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, the recent and henchmen of the Holocaust. to point out how solar energy can help us NBC television program, "Holocaust" The purpose of recalling the world's le meet our future energy needs by demon has caused many Americans to consider niency with the criminals and acquiescence strating and publicizing the versatility the unspeakable horror of genocide and in the crimes is not to fill us with guilt. and potential of existing solar technol to ask how this wholesale slaughter of Rather, the experience should teach us to recognize our responsibllity for human rights ogy. The energy crisis is real, and our the Jewish people was allowed to occur. everywhere, to be ever sensitive to racism and national economy, our national security, "Holocaust" has also helped to focus on antisemitism within our own borders and to our health, and our environment cannot the critical question of how we can pre redouble our efforts to eliminate persecution long sustain an energy policy based on vent in the future tragedies such as the throughout the world. the use of increasingly expensive and Nazi annihilation program or the mur Genocide, sadly, is not yet something of the scarce fossil fuels. der of the Armenians by the Turks past. In Uganda, Cambodia, and elsewhere, The United States consumes 30 percent earlier in this century. · tyrants continue to slaughter people simply because they have the "wrong" political be of the world's petroleum production, 19 In an essay in today's Boston Globe, liefs, or tribal background, or religion. Presi million barrels each day. Since we first lady of the Commonwealth of dent Carter's recent condemnation of Cam produce only half this amount, we must Massachusetts Kitty Dukakis examines bodia and his entire human rights policy is import the rest. Last year, the United and sheds light on America's responsi an essential first step. States imported $45 billion worth of bility to confront our silent complicity But, the President's words are only as petroleum, giving us the largest trade in genocide and seek ways to eliminate strong and effective as the support which deficit in our history. For the first quar this horrible crime against humanity. they command among the American people. An aroused public could move Congress to ter of this year, our trade deficit was Writing with a grace and wisdom that withhold foreign and military aid to govern $11.2 billion, of which $9.9 billion was oil have come to distinguish so many of her ments which violate human rights. That imports. activities on behalf of the public good, would add immeasurably to the impact of the This enormous reliance on imported Kitty Dukakis reminds us that our Na President's words. fuels has had a drastic impact on our tion must do everything in its power, in The American public, however, will only domestic economy-since the Arab oil cluding ratification of the United Na exert pressure on the government if it un embargo in 1973, the cost of living has tions treaty against genocide, to banish derstands the tragedies of the past and the brutalities of the present. Teaching about increased by 50 percent--and we have this evil. genocide and human rights in schools is one no way of knowing what price increase Her article follows: way to increase the awareness of children and will next be proposed by the OPEC na ELIMINATING THE HORROR OF GENOCIDE adults. tions. We certainly cannot base our (By Kitty Dukakis) Another way to do this would be to estab future energy policy on the uncertainties Why, in 1978, many decades after the hor lish a national center to encourage the study of imported fuels. rible events have occurred, should we re of genocide and human rights violations. The While coal is a relatively abundant fuel member the extermination of six million center could train teachers and publish in Jews during World War II or the slaughter formation for schools. I am now working to in this country, the supply is not inex of a million and a half Armenians during raise funds and support to establish such a haustible. Moreover, the growing costs of World War I? Why should we revive the center in Massachusetts. mining it and the penalties in deaths, chilling memories of the Holocaust--the The teaching of genocide clearly will not illness, and long-term environmental bodies stacked like wood, the screams of the be easy-and the learning for our children degradation which result from coal burn dying, the torture, the suffering of chil may be even more difficult. It will probably ing cast doubt on its desirability as a dren-so dramatically portrayed in the NBC raise more questions than it answers. Ques solution to our energy needs. Coal-burn special of two weeks ago? Why should our tions such as: schools teach our children a.bout the living Why did the leaders of the world and our ing produces carbon dioxide, and adding nightmare of genocide? own country protest past genocide so little? C01 to the atmosphere raises the Earth's Tomorrow, the Massachusetts Department Why has the United States refused to temperature by retarding the radiation of Education is sponsoring a statewide con ratify the United Nations treaty ma.king of heat into space. This greenhouse effect ference for educators, "Teaching Genocide: genocide an international crime? could increase the world's average tem Why and How?" to answer some of those What can individuals do to prevent a perature over a relatively short period of questions. Although there are many reasons repetition of these tragedies? time, and have disastrous effects on the for teaching about genocide, I believe that Answering such questions will not be easy, planet. the single most important is to remind us but the final result could be a world in which that America had-and continues to have- the word "genocide," coined in the 20th cen Our eastern coal contains a high pro the power to avert such tragedies. tury, would only be found in histories.e portion of sulfur dioxide, and when this During the 1930s, our government was pollutant builds up in the atmosphere, well-informed about the intensifying Nazi it is precipitated with the rain. Scien persecution of Jews, but it did not intercede tists have observed the damage of acid on their behalf. Severe immigration quotas SUN DAY rain to the fish populations in North blocked the entry of Jewish refugees. And, Eastern lakes, and acid rain may already during the war few officials advocated open condemnation of the crimes a.nd the threat be reducing forest and agriculture pro of postwar punishment as a means to aid HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING ductivity. the Jews. One such official, Herbert Pell, the OF OHIO The immediate effect of air quality on father of Rhode Island Sen Claiborne Pell, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the public health is apparent. Accord warned that American silence would give the ing to a study by scientists at the Brook Nazis and future tyrants "the green light" Wednesday, May 3, 1978 haven National Laboratory in New York, to commit genocide. Sadly enough, the world, and again our e Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, today, 21 ,000 premature deaths a year among country is included, had already provided May 3, has been designated by Congress populations east of the Mississippi River Hitler with an historical green light--by re and President Carter as Sun Day. It is a are attributable to pollutants emitted acting so feebly to the murder of one mil day to call attention to the abundant and from fossil-fueled powerplants. These lion and a half Armenians by the Turks. As renewable energy resources which exist lives were shortened as many as 15 years Hitler once said: "Who still talks nowadays naturally around us-the wind, falling from expected life spans due to heart about the extermination of the Armenians?" and lung failure brought on by chronic The US ambassador to Turkey did protest, water, biomass, and direct sunlight. Solar but nothing else was done. Only the French energy, in the broadest sense, encom respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis actually attempted the physical rescue of passes all of these resources, and around and emphysema. some Armenians, saving but a handful. the country today, the potential of solar The increasing costs of coal-produced So, the world lost a chance to prevent some energy to generate electricity for homes, electricity point up the need for renew of the deaths in the genocide of the Arme- farms, and factories, and to heat and able energy resources. Because of the 12572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 3, 1978 severe air pollution problems resulting zation of solar-generated electricity, Government increased nearly four times from coal burning, Congress has re it would be commercially competitive as fast as corparate profits? quired continuous emissions reduction with fossil fuel systems within 5 years. Is the President not aware, Mr. Speak technology on all new coal fired utilities We should not postpone taking advan er, that the taxes buried in a gallon of and these costs will be passed on to con tage of that opportunity. gasoline are almost 10 times as big as sumers. In fact, some clean fuel deriva Yesterday, we passed legislation to the net profits on that same gallon? Is tives of coal may be marketed at prices create a special loan program in the he not aware that the average family comparable to oil. Small Business Administration to pro hands over more than 200 times as much Nuclear power, which is often cited as vide assistance to small solar energy and to the Government in direct taxes of all the solution to our energy problems, is energy conservation businesses. This is kinds, as it contributes in net profits to perhaps the most dangerous and costly an important initiative. However, Con supermarkets during a full year of shop way to meet our energy needs. Cong_ress, gress faces a great challenge in tµ.rning ping? in fact, has only begun to examine the the country from dependence on scarce Mr. Speaker, between 1950 and 1976, is.5ues of plant safety, nuclear radiation and polluting fossil fuels to nonpollut the most powerful inflationary force has levels, nuclear waste disposal, and the ing, inexhaustible solar sources. Accord been the cost of Government, which has potential for nuclear weapons prolifera ing to recent research, solar energy grown more than three times as fast as tion. could provide 40 percent of global energy the cost of all the basic necessities of Radioactive waste is a significant needs by the year 2000, and 75 percent life, and is now larger than all those problem-at least 3,000 metric tons of by 2025, if we pursue a policy to encour necessities put together. spent nuclear fuel are now being stored age the research, development, and What those in Washington have so ex at reactor sites-and an additional 17,- marketing of solar technology. Every pertly programed the consumer to for 000 metric tons are expected to accumu day, the Earth receives from solar ra late in the next 10 years. Nonetheless, diation more than 10,000 times the get is that buried in the price of every tho Government has spent one one-thou energy that we get from conventional thing we buy is that rising cost of Gov sandth as much on research for nuclear energy sources, such as oil. If we can ernment, which is taken out in the form waste disposal as has been spent on nu only tap that enormous resource, we can of taxes on labor, on goods, on income, clear power development. No one is able insure that we and all those who live on every part of the product's cost, and to predict the costs of nuclear waste dis after us will have abundant energy. every stage of its distribution. Our prob posal, and it is uncertain whether any It is easy to speak in support of solar lem, Mr. Speaker, is one of big govern precautions will be adequate to contain energy on Sun Day. The difficult task is ment, and its insatiable appetite to spend the waste as long as it is radioactive. committing Federal resources to develop the tax away more of every American's Initial studies indicate that there is a ing solar energy so that we will enjoy earnings. strong relation between exposure to the maximum energy benefits it has to Finally, has the President forgotten, radiation and the incidence of leukemia offer. I hope that as a result of Sun Day, Mr. Speaker, that the Federal Govern and other cancers. However, the re Congress and the American people will ment has printed money more than twice search into safe levels of radiation ex pursue this goal with enthusiasm and as fast as the Nation has produced goods posure is inadequate-only this year has responsibility.• and services. Let us stop running from the Department of Defense initiated a the truth, otherwise how can this Gov study on the health conditions of Japa ernment ever hope to regain the people's nese survivors of the Hiroshima and INFLATION: WHO IS THE REAL confidence? Nagasaki bombings. Mr. Speaker, I strongly recommend Although these questions remain un ENERGY? that my colleagues read the excellent answered, the Energy Research and De editorial on the President's misguided velopment Administration plans to approach to the problem of inflation HON. MICKEY EDWARDS which appeared in the Oklahoma Jour spend half of its total research and de OF OKLAHOMA velopment budget for fiscal year 1978 on nal on April 18: nuclear research and development. That IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (From the Oklahoma Journal, Apr. 18, 1978] is four times the amount-$385 million Wednesday, May 3, 1978 IDENTIFYING THE CULPRIT allocated for solar energy research. e Mr. EDWARDS of Oklahoma. Mr. O! course, the President ls against infla Despite the crippling effects of relying tion. Who isn't? And it was generous o! him Speaker, the President now admits that to offer a decrease o! one percentage point on imported and scarce fossil fuels and inflation is a serious problem so perhaps in the upcoming salary increase !or federal the unsolved problems of nuclear energy, we should be encouraged that he finally employees as the federal government's con we Americans have not met the chal understands what most concerns the tribution in the effort to contain lntlatlon. lenge of developing and promoting re American people. There is considerable doubt that Congress newable energy resources. Japan, Israel, Unfortunately, when he said that the and federal employee unions will permit and many European countries have battle against inflation would be waged even that gesture. made great strides in the development primarily in the private sector because But lt ts clear from the President's most and marketing of solar energy technol recent comments about inflation that the "it is a myth that Government itself can . private sector-again-is about to be fin ogy. Solar water heaters are installed in stop inflation," Mr. Carter clearly sig gered as the culprit driving up wages and 2 million homes in Japan, and the naled us that his latest initiative, like prices. It is a safe political play !or ad solar industry is thriving in West Ger so many others, is destined to fail. ministration to take. The problem with it is many, Sweden, France, Italy, and Mr. Speaker, the Federal Government it isn't truthful. Switzerland. Market analysts predict is now the biggest spender, borrower, em I! government is not the major cause o! double digit growth in solar home hot inflation, then why does government spend water systems, heating and cooling units ployer, and regulator in the United ing account !or a larger share o! the Gross and, ultimately, in solar electric com States and has undeniably become the National Product today than it did five ponents in Europe through 1985. driving force behind the increasing rate yea.rs ago? I! the federal budget ls not infla of inflation in the U.S. economy. Con tionary, why has lt doubled and doubled As the leading industrial nation and sider the following statistics researched again in the last several administrations? the largest consumer of energy, the by Economist Warren Brookes. What is the effect o! repeated budget deficits United States can and must be the leader ln the nature o! $60 billlon annually on in in solar energy development. Private en If, as the President implied, workers flation? terprise will eventually provide most of are to blame for inflation, why is it that A decade ago the federal government's own the development impetus and funds. But while union wages have increased slight statisticians ran a study on the causes o! until solar systems become competitive ly more than 80 percent in the 10 years ln:fiation. Interestingly enough, they wa~hed with f ossile fuel systems, the Government preceding 1976, the taxes paid by these the conclusion that personal taxes were same workers went up almost twice as the fastest rising single item in the must furnish support and incentive both family's budget. Considering escalating So for research and promotion. Many ex iast. ' cial Security taxes and the effect a devalued perts argue that if we spend only a small If, as the President implied, business dollar has on pushing many wage earners portion of what we have spent on nuclear is to blame for inflation, why is it that into higher tax brackets, it may be time !or power development for the commerciali- during those same 10 years the cost of a slmilar study. May 8, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12573 Before any effective war can be waged, Hoffman says. "We strongly believe the un nonpolluting. The supply is unlimited. the enemy needs to be ldentified.e employed can be taught self Job placement It is available all over the globe. It can methods. If one can take a person with no not be embargoed or monopolized. experience, and teach that person how to be Any responsible discussion of alterna a Job placement specialist, why not bypass tive energy sources must place strong THE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM that middleman and d1rectly teach the applicant?" empl\asis on solar energy. Hoffman has incredible success. Of the 400 · I hope Sun Day marks the begin HON. BOB WILSON people who have passed through the pro ning of more aggressive solar energy re gram within the past two years, 83% have· OF CALIFORNIA search and development at all levels of been successfully self-placed into full-time government.• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRFSENTATIVF.S Jobs in the private business sector with a Wednesday, May 3, 1978 later dropout rate of 10%, he says. He adds that the average placement time period is 93 e Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, hours, including 35 hours of classroom SUN DAY Mr. Charles D. Hoffman, president instruction. of Self Directed Placement of San An article in "Worklife," the U.S. Labor Diego, has a unique method for solving Department magazine says "Statistically, the HON. ELWOOD HILLIS a part of our unemployment problem. I program has been working well for everyone, say unique, because Chuck's methods including minority group members, young· OF INDIANA adults, older workers and clients for whom ' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRFSENTATIVFS work. English is a second language. A program for In Self Directed Placement, Chuck ex-offenders already is under way." The ex Wednesday, May 3, 1978 teaches the unemployed to get their own perimental program is being considered by • Mr. HULIS. Mr. Speaker, as a co jobs, boosting their sense of self-esteem state officials and Hoffman hopes to interest sponsor of the resolution designating and worthwhileness. You really can't Los Angeles County officia.Is in it. As the month-long class and Job .search today, May 3, as "Sun Day," I would like argue with results. According to an in to take this opportunity to express my formal survey by a Labor Department program progresses, effective interviewing is covered in detail, but traditional job-related full support for solar energy as a future official, he now has the best job place skills are minimized as a means of "selling" source of electrical power. Throughout ment percentage in the country. Over a the interviewee to the employer. The students my career as a Congressman I have urged period of 1 full year, 83 percent of his learn to recognize and communicate their the support of all new sources of energy, students found their own jobs in private positive personal attributes. and to further develop existing sources industry, and they did it in an average "At the entry level and sometimes beyond, such. as nuclear power. of 93 hours. That is hours, not days. The employers hire people, not only skills," says It should be obvious to everyone who average starting salary was $3.46 an Hoffman. "Enthusiasm, reliab111ty and the has studied our energy situation that the hour, and the dropout rate was 10 per ab111ty to get along with others are vital. Plenty of our students who don't even meet United States must rely on conventional cent. an employer's minimum requirements are sources of energy, such as coal and nu These are startling figures for a job hired with a promise of training." clear, for the next several decades. How assistance program and bear marked Self Directed Placement Corporation, e. ever, coal and nuclear energy, as with tribute to Chuck's placement philosophy. San Diego-based operation, was created four petroleum based fuels, all have major A more detailed insight into the program years ago by the originator of the self-di drawbacks. Solar energy must begin to is given in the following series of articles rected approach, Charles D. Hoffman. This replace these conventional sources of and I seriously recommend it to the at incredibly successful method is now being tention of my colleagues as a possible evaluated from Atlanta to San Francisco, power as soon as possible. solution to our employment problems. from Chicago to Dallas, and in both large Armory B. Lovins, a well-known en cities like Washington, D.C. and small, fishing ergy analyst, has made the distinction The articles follow: and lumber coast towns like Arcada, Califor between what he terms "soft" and "hard" On November 21, 1977, the Business and nia. energy technologies. According to Lovins, Finance section of the Los Angeles Times Old myths are being destroyed in the proc soft technologies rely on nondepleta.ble carried an article by staff writer Margaret ess, such as "You can't teach these people Kilgore. Part of the article is as follows: sources of energy, such as the sun or how to get a Job. They simply don't want to wind. Hard technologies rely on deplet To be uneducated, unskilled, out of work learn," and finally, "Even if you could teach and perhaps have a criminal record is more them how to help themselves, they won't; able sources such as uranium or petro than enough to destroy a person's confidence. leum. In my opinion, the world must Enter the Bel! Directed Placement Corpo because you can't motivate them." All these myths and more are left broken by the road soon develop soft technologies on massive ration of San Diego, a pioneer government scales to replace now conventional hard funded effort to give potential Job seekers the side after the student goes through a self attitudes and know-how to person.ally apply directed placement program. People who technologies or else face major economic, for a Job and, with luck, be successful. didn't think they could help themselves, and social, and political disruptions. Today · The corporation is headed by Charles D. in some cases had indeed never had any is dedicated strictly to solar energy, but Hoffman, former Vista volunteer, who mixes control over their own destinies, and were a. word should be said for the other soft a fair amount of positive thinking and how devoid of any confidence, have responded technologies which, with the proper sup to-win friends into the short courses he with great enthusiasm and realized tre mendous success.e port, can join with solar to meet our teaches federal CETA (Comprehensive Em future demands. Wind, tide, and geo ployment Training Act, which governs the major federal hiring program) participants. thermal energy can, all be used to de His suggestions, although perhaps ele crease our dependence on conventional mentary to the disciplined worker, mirror the IN COMMEMORATION OF SUN DAY hard technologies. gripes many employers have against their While the United States has ma.de a help. beginning in the long process of con ••1 tell them right off that they have to be HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI version, from hard to soft technologies, on time whether it's work or class," Hoff OF KENTUCKY much more needs to be done. But more man says. "If an employee is 25 minutes late IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES importantly, for the first time in our his every day, an employer should fire him or to her. That person is unreliable." Wednesday, May 3, 1978 tory we are attempting review the He also teaches his classes such basics as environmental effects of a new tech how to use a telephone in a polite and busi • Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, our coun nology before it is is widespread use. Thia nesslike manner, how to approach a per try is celebrating Sun Day today. milestone should not go unnoticed. While sonnel department officer by phone to ask Throughout the Nation activities are solar energy is a relatively clean source for a job (don't give "yeah" and "nope" an underway to educate the public to the of energy, there may be some environ swers to questions); be aggressive, but be potential of solar energy for solving our mental, health, and safety issues associ polite. energy problems. ated with its widespread use of which Hoffman's theory of Job placement is: Sun Day observances are also de we are now unaware. However, with the why use a middleman to find a Job? He is critical of most federal and state Job place signed to elicit support for expanding proper precautions and foresight, any ment programs which hire a battery of Job research, development and usage of solar adverse effects of massive solar usage can ftnders to search for Jobs which, he says, energy in the United States. be prevented. the applicant should find for himself. The Sun is a very promising energy There are numerous steps which the "Our phllosophy is incredibly simple," source prospect. This kind of energy is Federal· Government can take to fac111- 12574 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 3, 1978 tate the growth of solar energy. To begin shine. Employment of a city "forrester" tion and consumption, has cooled ever so with, more Federal buildings should be (Gall Hayes' spelling) coming around to ex slightly. So, for all the Worldwatcher knows, equipped with solar systems. All new Fed ecute offending trees was specifically men we may have been inadvertently fending off tioned. a new Ice Age. Either that or the combustion eral buildings should be mandated to use Diagrams were offered to demonstrate just and consumption ls lnsignlfican t. solar systems whenever possible. Such how low down and far apart buildings would Cold ls Beauti!ul is a peculiar hangup a commitment by the Federal Govern have to be, in order not to cast shadows on among these ecofreaks. I have run across it ment would boost the solar energy in each other. Naturally, there was not a vil again and again. They apparently view the dustry. As the volume of sales continues lainous tree in sight. And the funny part melting of lee as about the worst thing any to grow in solar equipment, the cost per was there was hardly anybody at the gather one can do. Permafrost, which ls a perma unit will decline. So long as oil is cheaper, ing who failed to notice that the Rockefel nent pain to people who have to deal with solar energy will never gain substantially lers' World Trade Center cast a shadow on it, is regarded as fragile and precious and not the whole of lower Manhattan in the course to be disturbed. How they carried on about in the marketplace. of the day. But presumably some people's the Alaska Pipeline, claiming to fear that it The future of solar energy is indeed shadows will be more equal than others. might somehow reduce Alaska's supply or bright. The advantages of using the Sun Besides, the Rockefellers are trying to solve permanently frozen land! This went to such to produce energy have made solar en the energy crunch. You do believe that, don't extremes that I recall reading portions of ergy internationally attractive. With the you? the immense "environmental impact state world energy demands growing much And you do understand that it's not the ment" required of the Arctic Gas Company, faster than the growth in population, and oil cartel which makes it an extravagance to which sought permission from the govern heat your home. No, it ts sinful to heat your ment of Canada to pipe natural gas from the with the continued decline in conven home. Especially with abundant American arctic to North American cities. In vain hopes tional sources of energy, the need for new coal or electricity produced from it. Need e of getting by those determined to choke off sources of energy is vital to our national reason? Well, the same klutzes who contend energy supplies, the company even argued security. that aerosol spray cans would destroy the that its super-cold gas in transmission would While I firmly believe solar energy will ionospheric ozone layer can be found feign not only preserve the precious permafrost play a major role in meeting future en ing alarm at the release of carbon dioxide but would actually extend it southward! ergy demands, we must be realistic. No into the atmosphere by the burning of fos So we should not be surprised to hear the soft technology will be able to make ma sil fuels. Muttering arcanely of the green ecofreaks and Worldwatchers deplore the fact jor contributions for several years. We house effect, they leave us with the impres that the Arctic ice cap might fray around sion that few more awful things could hap the edges just a tad, with a rise of one or must continue to build more nuclear pen than that the earth's atmosphere two degrees. That would not, alas, suffice to powerplants to meet the immediate fu might come to contain four hundred big relieve us of festering sores like New York ture's demand. Our energy decisions parts per million of carbon dioxide, and City. Sea level, by the way, has been rising should not be viewed in either/ or terms. therefore retain more of the sun's heat, in relative to land levels in northwest Europe We need to rely on both hard and soft creasing the average air temperature by one throughout historic time, a costly business technologies for the coming decades.• or two degrees Fahrenheit. with which Europeans have nevertheless Look for the Hollywood disaster movie on coped. The climate of Europe has, at the same the subject. Cities swept away as the polar time, warmed at least as much as the eco lee caps melt, deserts marching inexorably freaks pretend to regard as disaster, bring RAIN ON SUN DAY-PART II onward, swallowing up the world's farm ing immense benefit to lands under ice a few lands. No kidding, you can expect fiction of thousand years ago. that nature to hit the paperback stands and In sum, then, a slight increase in atmos the silver screen and the flickering tube soon pheric temperature and carbon dioxide con HON. LARRY McDONALD enough. OF GEORGIA tent from burning fossil fuels would probably A Worldwatcher named Flavin absolutely be beneficial to the earth, to its plant life, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES assured me of disaster when I asked him and to man. The doomsayers are Just fol Wednesday, May 3, 1978 why a slight warming of the atmosphere and lowing the party line. a slight increase in carbon dioxide content As for nice. clean, efficient nuclear power • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, yes was regarded as so unthinkable as to require put it out of your mind, unless you are pre terday I presented the first part of an the shutting down of Amerlcan industry. I pared to fight your ruling class. One need not article revealing the intention of "Sun reexamined his estimates and noted that go very far into the literature before dis Day" enthusiasts to reduce the United plants thrive on carbon dioxide, and that covering that even "if nuclear power were States to the energy consumption level of given his estimates humans would be totally clean, safe, economic, assured of ample fuel, unaware of the difference. Also, an increase and socially benign per se" (says C.F.R. flack 1910, largely by the method of artificial in average temperature of one or two degrees ly-generated clamor demanding the re Lovins) "it would stlll be unattractive be seemed to me a great benefit. More moisture cause of the poliitical implications of the placement of "high quality energy" such would be evaporated from the sea and trans kind of energy economy it would lock us as electricity by "soft" energy, such as ported inland than now (that is, if it made into." sun-warming--even though it is well any discernible difference). so the desert belts might narrow ever so slightly, the subhumld My, but he is being fastidious about his known to these people that the winter political implications! As a matter of fa.ct, sun is simply inadequate the task in lands might grow greener (and stay green to longer into winter). and Canada, Europe, the all proponents of the sun, wind, and nearly all parts of the United States. Soviet Union, and north China might be methane-from-cung energy economy adver Is Part II of this article by Dr. Susan blessed with longer and warmer growing sea tise that it wlll liberate us from the elecstric Huck, which apoeared in the May issue sons and be enabled to cultivate lands fur power company. Whereas, in the first place, ther north than at present. The belt of that is not true-I mean. unless we want to of American Opinion magazine, we learn regress back further than 1910. And, in the of the lawyers' plot to make casting a tropical conditions would become wider, not hotter. Warmer winters, I inferred slyly, second place, I'd rather cough up my extrava shadow a crime, and how Cold is Beau might help us scrape by on solar heating. gant two dollars a day to the coal-fired elec tiful. Read on. tric company than go through what these Somewhat unnerved at encountering a per SUN DAY PART II folks have in mind, just in order to be half son not immediately snowed by pseudo warm. The current Sun Day propaganda about sclentiflc propaganda, Flavin backed away employment should mention lawyers as well. and hid behind a couple of books which, he What is worrying our ruling class about One of the first Sun Day publications which promised, would explain all. They were in nuclear power ls that they don't think they fell into my hands, in the process of re teresting books. Among the disaster photos can control it forever, and so they would search, was concerned with "solar access." in one ( The Genesis Strategy, by Stephen like to stuff the genie back in the bottle. The It seems that there was gathered together Schnelder) were pictures, one hundred years C.F.R.'s man Lovins actually says that. He in the World Trade Center in lower Man apart, of a village in the French Alps. says, "I am confident that the United States hattan a group devoted to the legal implica Around 1860, it had an alpine glacier in its can stlll turn off the technology that it origi tions of going solar. Among those present back yard, while a century later (after a nated and deployed," which he calls "rebot was Denis Hayes' wife Gail, a lawyer of the one-degree Fahrenheit rise in temperature tling the genie.'' He goes into some detail a.s sort we can expect to find making the not blamed upon man), the glacier has re to how pressure from above, from the rullng rules for us. The upshot of the conference treated way up the valley, with forests in hot class circles he ls addressing, and pressure was that, if you own a tree which casts a pursuit. I was unable to find an explanation from below, from the demonstrators and shadow on your neighbor's glass roof, you are of how this constituted a disaster. Jnclden perhaps even a few well-timed accidents, in deep trouble once we go solar. They want tally, while Schnelder warns dourly that con can stop nuclear power dead in America, In to create a new right to solar skyspace, which tinued generation of electricity by the com Europe, and in all our supposed cllent states. wlll make it a tort, at the very least, to cast bustion of fossil fuels will warm the earth, But he says not one word about stonplng a shadow on your neighbor, thus depriving he admits that since 1945 the Northern nuclear development In the Communist him of a portion of that day's ration of sun- Hemisphere, scene of all this sinful combus- countries. May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12575 The point is that, at all levels above those ing ersatz coffee over the resultant methane. up with the American people in recog of the supposed United States Government, a Humility, which they so often commend to nizing the promise of renewable sources decision has been made to halt, and then us masses, ls in extraordinarily short supply reverse, the use of nuclear technology for among Rockefeller-backed Worldwa.tchers; of energy. energy production. Propaganda arguments they a.re paid fatly to think a.bout how our The single most important step which are merely mustered in support of that grandchildren should be allowed to live-if the House of Representatives can take decision. Lovins, in the C.F.R. journal, calls they a.re allowed to be born in the first to respond to this challenge would be for "unilateral adoption of the soft energy place-an exercise incompatible with humil enactment of the Solar Energy Bank pa.th." That means a. tremendous cutback on ity, I can tell you! Act, H.R. 7800, introduced by my col electrical energy production-a. "high qual And this is all a high-level confidence league from North Carolina (Mr. NEAL). ity" energy which us masses don't need, and game. When one considers that the geopres This legislation-enabling low-interest which some (such as the Soviet Union) surlzed methane resources of the Gulf Coast find "threatening." These people want even and Gulf of Mexico have been estimated at loans to homeowners and businesses to industry to move away from the use of elec between 24,000 quads ( in "onshore reservoirs finance investments in solar heating tricity, be it nuclear or derived from fossil within normal drilling range," and 105,000 has recently been the subject of inten fuels. (Remember, "the end is nigh" if we quads including deeper and offshore reser sive public hearings before the Banking warm the earth even a. teensy bit more with voirs), one realizes that there ls not the Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary all that American coal.) slightest necessity for Americans to build a Policy, where I had the opportunity to There ls meanwhile much prattling a.bout domestic dung industry in order to have off er supporting testimony last week. photovoltaics-sola.r cells which produce methane. Quads, by the way, were a. new one The bill has enjoyed the support of the electricity directly from sunshine. It works, on me, too. A quad is a unit of energy equal but it ls still so horrendously expensive that to one qua.drlllion British Thermal Units. chairman of the subcommittee, the gen it ls scarcely used by anyone but government. That's 1,000,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo B.T.U.s. The tleman from Maryland (Mr. MITCHELL), "The cost of photo-electric cells," writes United States currently uses about 70 quads and the chairman of the full Committee Tracy Kidder, "has already come down from of energy annually, so at the lowest above on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, $50 per watt to $15, and some researchers estimate, there is enough methane a.lone, not the gentleman from Wisconsin (Mr. claim that they'll have the price down to even offshore, to provide all our energy needs REUSS). $2 a. watt within the next two yea.rs. ERDA for 343 years at the present level of consump tion. Having introduced very similar solar has decreed ( !) that the cells wlll cost fifty loan legislation early in the 95th Con cents a. watt by the mid-1980's, and thirty Of course, methane is hardly our only re source. But the point is that we have avail gress, I especially wish to commend all cents in the 1990's." three of my colleagues for their out Well, now, one may seriously question able more methane than the 'human mind whether anything wlll cost thirty cents in can comprehend-so why a.re the Rockefel standing efforts in moving forward on the 1990s; we are, after all, in the age of lers and their hired guns so keen to ha. ve us H.R. 7800, and offer my hope that it can twenty-cent ca.ndyba.rs. But let's look at the piddling with communal cesspools? Is it to be marked up and brought to the House tea.ch us humllity, perhaps? Don't miss the floor without delay. two-dollar figure a.lone. That means it would point. Lovins praises "thrift, simplicity," and cost you a. cool two hundred dollars to buy "humility" and casts his final arguments in Mr. Speaker, as the House considers its · the cells to gather enough photovoltaic en treacly religiosity-without-God. We a.re told responsibility to recognize the historical ergy from the sun to run a. hundred-watt it wlll be so "ethical" to get a.long on what significance of Sun Day, I highly com bulb (which you wouldn't want to do if the energy the sun provides us, here and now, in mend to my colleagues the following sun were shining anyway, but let it pass). stead of punching holes in the crust for nat commentary by the former Republican If you would like to look at color TV, you ural gas, the sort of crude rapine which Governor _of Massachusetts, Francis will have to invest nearly seven hundred dol ca.uses him to reach for his smelling salts. lars in solar cells to cover that a.mount of Sargent, as it appeared in the Worcester Author Tracy Kidder has perceived the same Telegram: wattage. Under the circumstances, anyone mood, concluding an article With the obser with an electric iron or a. toaster, each of vation that solar advocates "seek only to col [From the Worcester (Mass.) Telegram, which pulls a.bout eleven-hundred watts, lect the energy which nature has provided, Apr. 28, 1978) wlll need to invest twenty-two hundred dol while nuclear explorations have sought to SoL~GY: A Y'EAR LosT.>c:::=:" lars in solar cells; and, of course, to have penetrate the secrets of the sun itself ... (By Frank Sargent) an electric stove under the circumstances To the solar advocates, nuclear energy stands would be the act of a certifiable lunatic. New England joins the international ob for an arrogant, aggressive attempt to mas servance of "Sun Day" on Wednesday. It will Oh yes, and those cells only work when ter nature, while the solar approach is a. be a day devoted to proclaiming the great po the sun shines. To get a.round that, you need humble, passive effort to make peace with tential of solar energy. a basement full of batteries and gadgets. the planet." Too bad. May 3 should have been a. cele Nuff said? Western Man didn't get where he is by bration of what we've done to make that po But that needn't bother you. Our ruling being humble and passive; and, bemused as tential a. working reality. class polemicists have lots of ideas !Qr get we may be, thanks to our controlled mass The fault begins with Jimmy Carter, and ls ting a.long without high-quality energy like media, I am not sure that we are so dumb shared by a Congress that, a. year after electricity. If you like messing with your as to clamor for our own destruction. And I presentation of the Carter energy program, cesspool, you'll love biogas. This is a mix hope that none of us want any sermons out has done nothing but fumble it. ture of methane and more noxious ingre of the Rockefellers and their minions on the ,dlen ts which results if you control the subject of becoming passive, frugal, and INADEQUATE FUNDING anaerobic decomposition or organic wastes humble, as befits the New Serf.e The Carter solar proposal was not very im just right. (If you don't, you have an even pressive to start with. The best the president bigger mess than you started with.) The could suggest a year a.go was a. tax credit methane can be collected, "scrubbed" of the for those who could find a. way to put solar other noxious gases ( or not, depending on SOLAR ENERGY: A YEAR LOST energy to work. There weren't many who your gagging reflex), and used in a cook could-and the tax credits haven't passed stove. anyway. The fact ls that research and development We are told by the con men that Red China HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN funding has been inadequate, and there is has plunged wholeheartedly into blogas and OF MASSACHUSETTS not enough know-how or technology in place has trained millions of "technicians" to tend IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES today to mass produce small-scale solar the communal cesspools. In India, gobar units. (dung) plants a.re allegedly catching on Wednesday, May 3, 1978 Further, the president himself seems to which leads folks like Denis Hayes to issue have lost what small enthusiasm he had for yet another call for social revolution, since • Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, as mil to solar energy during the year. Instead, the cow chips used to be free and now "the rich" lions of Americans join celebrate the president, presumably under the influence of have supposedly cornered the dung supply. Nation's first Sun Day today, it is fitting energy czar James Schlesinger, has warmed The call to revolution is ever on Ha.yes' lips. that Congress swiftly enact legislation up to the more-bang-for-a-buck nuclear Upon lea.ming that some enterprising Mauri which recognizes the public's growing energy approach. tanians were piping and selling water, Ha.yes confidence and enthusiasm in the eco Initially, the president called nuclear rails that they a.re thereby depriving children nomic potential of solar energy. energy "a last resort." Later, he became of the opportunity to participate in commu In the same manner that Earth Day "more favorable" to that approach, and, most nity life, since it used to be their chore to recently, he has become "wllllng to build" lug water from well to home. served as a catalyst for the Nation's some nuclear facilltles and has begun saying Nobody expects for one moment that the landmark environmental protection leg that maybe nuclear energy "will solve many staff of the Worldwa.tch Institute will ever islation of the early 1970's, so should problems" in our total energy-needs picture. be found tending its institutional biogas Sun Day be remembered as a time when Meanwhile, solar energy research has been facility in order to have the means of perk- the Federal Government finally caught getting the short end of the stick, with 95 12576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 3, 1978 percent of the federal energy research budget ness aggregate credit limits, that individual management pool available to independ going into non-renewable energy sources- would naturally be reluctant to invest in his ent rural banks, he added. including nuclear breeder reactors that pro local bank. The reluctance would in turn duce waste nobody yet knows how to deal encourage the takeover of small independent Forbidding a management official of a with safely. Our ex-nuclear-engineer presi banks by bank holding companies which, in depository institution to also perform dent seems to be turning back, not going for terms of broati policy, means concentartion legal functions for that same institu ward. of deposit control in large urban financial tion-another aspect of section 204-fails NOT TOTAL ANSWER firms. to take into account the scarcity of attor Solar energy is never going to be the total Despite the aggregate provision, the small neys in small communities. Breckinridge answer to the energy needs of New England. ness of many rural communities and the said: Our climate makes that an 1mpossib111ty. unique character of some of the loans would Many small rural towns are lucky if one We are talking about a supplement to make them readily identifiable in a public attorney has an office within a reasonable more conventional energy sources. forum. This unwarranted invasion of per travel distance. But the difference between a major sup sonal privacy will further work to the detri plement-pollution-free, economical, reli ment of rural banks. H.R. 12208 also fails to The 5-year phasein of interlock able-and a lot of hot air is the difference consider fundamental prlvarcy protections changes, he stated, is an unrealistically between a full federal commitment and mere which are basic to a bank customer relation short period in which to implement an lip service. ship. extremely onerous provision. A year ago Jimmy Carter listed solar energy, Bankers' banks-wholesale banks conservation, and coal as his top energy Most of the problems identified by the priorities, and in that order. If, by this "Sun Committee are adequately dealt with by which are owned by bankers-would also Day," 1978, that oration had been backed H.R. 9450, legislation introduced by Con be shortchanged by section 203. These by serious federal financial support, we'd . gressman CLIFFORD ALLEN (D-Tenn.) banks-which currently operate in two have a year's experience in applying solar which is supported by the three Federal States, with more planned-provide data technology, perhaps the start of a solar banking agencies. If any case for a "Safe processing services, loan assistance and energy industry, even some dollars-and-cents Banking" bill has been made, the provi other services to independent rural banks savings for individual homeowners through and place them in a competitive position tax credits or actual fuel-cost reduction. sions of H.R. 9450, with minor amend Instead, on Wednesday. we'll have much ment, would appear to provide any nec with large money center banks. The sec talk of the potential of solar energy, but essary enhancement to the regulators tion will hamper the development of we've lost a year in realizing that potential. while not affecting the viability of rural other locally owned and operated service Let's not lose another.e banking. centers now under consideration by other rural banks. illustrating the result of neglecting H.R. 9600's reporting requirements re capital market problems in small town garding extensions of credit to certain America, the rural caucus spokesman SAFE BANKING ACT insiders also fail to recognize privacy - cited a hypothetical community of 10,000 concerns in a rural community; the with a bank having $25 million in assets range of interest rates, general terms of HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE and $2 million in capital accounts. the extensions and the aggregate amount The banks could only lend a total of $1 of loans classified at the last examina OF KENTUCKY million to all its officers, directors, and 5- tion are among the details which must IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'rATIVES percent shareholders-including the be revealed upon request. Wednesday, May 3, 1978 companies they control-with a cap of Weather factors can impair a borrow $200,000 on the aggregate to any in Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, er's repayment ability in agricultural dividual insider. .areas and result in a classification of the the so-called Safe Banking Act (H.R. The aggregate requirement, coupled 9600) remains a serious threat to the fu loan. Publishing information on such ture growth and development of locally with the individual borrower limitations, loan classifications and uncertainty over owned and operated banks in rural areas could put bank management in the diffi the soundness of the center of its :finan cult position of choosing which will not- cial life. despite a confused parliamentary situa which will survive, with some of the tion and continuing lack of evidence to most creditworthy persons in the town support its enactment. A compromise TELEPHONE COMPANIES version prepared by Treasury (H.R. local leaders on whom the bank would 12208) contains both more acceptable rely for management direction-passed and less acceptable features and also over. HON. LES AuCOIN must be regarded as a threat. The Treasury treatment of loans to in OF OREGON Certain sections of H.R. 9600 are par siders is an improvement, but lacks im portant provisions especially designed to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ticularly onerous, in the opinion of the Wednesday, May 3, 1978 Congressional Rural Caucus Executive deal with the problems of smaller com Committee. Capita.I build-up in rural munities. • Mr. AUCOIN. Mr. Speaker, the addi areas to bolster independent banking, for The Congressional Rural Caucus Exe tion of a special, easy-to-find section in example, would be hamstrung by enact cutive Committee also finds both bills' telephone directories for listing public ment of section 104 of the bill, a provi financial interlock provisions-spelled and nonprofit human service organiza sion which would amend section 22 of the out in section 203-overly restrictive. tions has been proposed in Oregon. Federal Reserve Bank Act to place addi Under the present wording, interlocks be The idea deserves careful considera tional restrictions on loans to insiders. tween depository institutions (including tion, though the verdict is not in yet on Under the proposed change, all loans banks, S. & L.'s and, credit unions) would whether such a listing is an effective and to an insider (including officers, direc be banned if the institutions are located workable method of getting needed in tors, 5-percent shareholders, and com within the same SMSA or in the same, formation to consumers. In short, more panies· controlled by that insider) contiguous or adjacent cities, towns, or factual evidence is needed. would be aggregated and subjected to the villages. The prohibition fails to acknowl Nonetheless, the idea has enjoyed suc bank's single borrower limit-lo percent edge that in large SMSA's containing cess in some parts of the country. Re of capital accounts. The insider would rural areas, small institution operations searchers tell me, for instance, that local face loan limitations not imposed on the frequently do not extend throughout the phone books distributed by the Lincoln general public. Additionally, the aggre entire market area. Telephone Co. in Nebraska have included gate loans to all insiders would not be Breckinridge added that-- for 20 years a number of so-called "blue permitted to exceed 50 percent of the In some areas such interlocks are the only pages" with civic information, parks capital and surplus for national and method whereby small depositories can ac data, points of interest, a city map, civil quire enough skllled board members to meet defense and fallout shelter listings, and State member banks, and State non the demands of large bank holding company member banks would be subject to the competition. a four-page health and social service di same limitations under section 107 of rectory. My understanding is that the the bill: The additional ban in H.R. 9600 on pages are compiled by two local com If by subscribing to shares of a new bank interlocks between depository institu munity service groups, and that the tele or new certificates of an established bank an tions and insurance companies, title phone company absorbs the costs of individual would discover he has become an companies, and appraisal companies printing and paper for the special sec "insider" for purposes of cutting his bust- would further cut down on the potential tion. May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12577 In addition, researchers report that the adoption of the constitution fn Po tends that Turkey will soon exhibit a AT&T and local Bell operating com land so alarmed the King of Prussia and more conciliatory attitude in negotia panies have published telephone direc the Czar of Russia that they felt com tions with Greece over Cyprus. The ad tories with special pages for human serv pelled to take military action against the ministration argues that Turkish con ice listings and information in Missouri, new democratic nation. The ensuing dis cessions will be encouraged through a New York, and Vermont. memberment of Poland is well known U.S. decision to reinstate arms sales. The National Association of Regula and serves as a constant reminder that Mr. Speaker, I submit that the op tory Commissioners has also taken note totalitarian governments will alwa.Ys posite scenario is more likely to unfold of directory improvement ideas by in fear popular rule. if we end the arms embargo. Vague cluding a story on the subject in its The United States owes a great debt to pledges by Turkey of eventual with March 20 "Bulletin." Poland. She gave us brilliant military drawal from Cyprus are not an accepta In my own State, the Public Utility leaders in our time of need, such as Gen. ble substitute for tangible movement in Commissioner's Office is informally poll Casimir Pulaski and Gen. Thaddeus the direction of a peace settlement. The ing the State's telephone compa~es on Kosciuszko who played leading roles in arms embargo is the major lever pos their reaction to these directory im our Revolutionary War. She also gave us sessed at this point by the United States provement ideas. The poll is part of an her sons and daughters who worked hard to persuade Turkey to translate its stated effort to gauge the effectiveness and to help build this country and make it intentions into actual policy. workability of the proposals. In its recent the greatest and strongest nation on Administration officials likewise main letter to the companies, the PUC said: Earth. tain that a continuation of the arms Many people don't use their directory to Great patriotism, willingness to tackle embargo will jeopardize NATO strength maximum advantage now and some reorgani hard work and see it through to comple in a crucial arena. But Congress has al zation may be in order. A brief subjective tion, and devotion to principles of hon ready modified the terms of the embargo addition to telephone directories may be a esty and loyalty are unique qualities that to insure that Turkey's role in the NATO valuable tool and partial solution. Please let me know your specific "green pages" proposal. typify Polish Americans. These qualities alliance is not diminished. U.S. weapons Other suggestions !or improvement of direc reflect traditions of their homeland sales, guarantees, and credits considered tory content would also be apprepriated. and they have helped to make the Ameri necessary for Turkey's NATO responsi Ideally, this is a project which should be can character richer and fuller. bilities are permitted under the terms undertaken by the telephone industry itself May 3, 1791, may not be as well known of the embargo. on a national basis. Will telephone com to Americans as July 4, 1776, but I think Continuation of the partial ban on panies do this alone or will help from regu those who respect the lessons of history arms transfers to Turkey will demon latory agencies be sought? Either is accept will recognize that both dates symbolize strate U.S. commitment to having pur able. the same ideals and the same passion for chasers of military hardware abide by Results from Oregon's informal in political freedom. They will also under the terms of sale. Turkey used U.S. quiry aren't in yet. Neither is evidence on stand that the heritage of the Polish weaponry in its 1974 Cyprus invasion in whether the telephone book is the best people and the American people have direct contradiction of a provision for place for hum{l.n service listings. Even so, many common roots. bidding such offensive usage. Oregon's efforts and others of a similar Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank the Maintenance of the arms embargo will nature a.cross the country illustrate an First Lady for taking time from her busy likewise be consistent with the Presi awareness of a laudable goal: Making schedule to come to Chicago and partici dent's own policy pronouncements on re telephone directories more responsive to pate in the festivities of this memorable straining the international weapons the needs of those who use them nearly day. Furthermore, I am confident that trade, particularly in those parts of the everyday.• Mrs. Carter would join with me in re globe seriously threatened by outbreaks flecting on the courage of the Polish peo of violence. And since Turkey has a less ple who so richly deserve the liberty they than satisfactory human rights record, have sought for so long. One hundred congressional rejection of the proposal FIRST LADY TO PARTICIPATE IN and eighty-seven years ago, the Polish to end the embargo would also coincide CHICAGO'S OBSERVANCE OF THE people proclaimed the principle of hu with the President's commendable ini 187TH ANNIVERSARY OF POLISH man freedom and of human dignity and tiatives in encouraging greater human CONSTITUTION DAY respect for the rights of the individual freedom in those nations linked to the when they adopted the new Constitution United States through trade. that we are honoring here. I believe those Terminating the embargo would HON. JOHN G. FARY principles still live on in the hearts and clearly imply a weakening of United OF ILLINOIS minds of the Polish people today .e States-Greek relations. Greece has acted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES responsibly and consistently throughout Wednesday, May 3, 1978 its talks with Turkey to achieve a lasting and just settlement on Cyprus. Again • Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker, I would like CONGRESSMAN TED WEISS OPPOSES equipping Turkey with weaponry that to take this opportunity to inform my REMOVING U.S. EMBARGO ON could frustrate peace initiatives on distinguished colleagues that today ARMS TO TURKEY marks the 187th anniversary of Polish Cyprus seems a curious way of rewarding Constitution Day, for it was on this day Greece for its good-faith bargaining. in 1791 that the people of Poland ex HON. TED WEISS For all these reasons, I consider it es perienced the long-awaited transition OF NEW YORK sential for the United States to continue its embargo on arms sales to Turkey un from monarchy to democracy. Celebra IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions in honor of this joyous occasion til such time as Turkey makes a firm will take place in cities throughout the Wednesday, May 3, 1978 and irreversible commitment to with country. However, in Chicago, this year's • Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, the House drawal from Cyprus. I urge my col Polish Constitution Day festivities will may soon be considering a Carter ad leagues to join me in voting against the be greatly enhanced by the presence and ministration proposal which, in my view, termination of the embargo.• participation of the First Lady, Mrs. Ros would impede efforts toward a peace alynn Carter. In view of the President's settlement in a volatile area of the world. worldwide commitment to the noble I refer to the President's recent re cause of human rights, I can think of quest that Congress terminate the U.S. NOTHING NEW UNDER THE SUN no greater recognition of this day's sig arms embargo imposed on Turkey in nificance than the First Lady's presence. 1975, following that nation's invasion of HON. JOHN J. RHODES While we in America take great pride Cyprus. The prohibition on weapons OF ARIZONA in having the world's oldest written Con transfers to Turkey was established then IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S stitution, I want to point out that Poland primarily because of Turkish refusal to was the second nation to adopt such a withdraw from the territory it occupied Wednesday, May 3, 1978 document that vests political power in on Cyprus. e Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, there is the hands of its citizens. Unfortunately, The Carter administration now con- an old saying that there is nothing new 12578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 3, 1978 under the Sun. Today may well be an cipally a blast weapon that creates mini nous," "truly scary," and a.s signs of buckling exception. This is Sun Day. It is the first mum radiation fallout. under to the "flaky left" or, worse yet, the Russians. nationwide effort to tell the American This discussion of cleanliness in weap The case ma.de for the neutron bomb people of the potential that sunpower onry presents the ridiculous spectacle which is a missile wa.rhead rather than a represents in our energy future. of competing claims of cleanliness for bomb-is that it would correct the danger Scientists estimate that 100,000 times two very different kinds of weapons. ous imba.lance in conventional forces be as much solar energy falls on the Earth Neutron weapons have been called tween the Warsaw Pact and NATO. Many each year as all the present energy "clean,'' because they carry little heat believe that if the Russians launch a. massed-tank attack in Central Europe the sources use put together. Although solar and blast, but a great deal of concen neutron weapon is the only hope for stop energy is considered a newcomer in re trated radiation. Now the blast bomb is ping it; many believe the weapon would lation to other fuels, primitive forms of being labeled "clean" on the ground that make nuclear war less likely; others describe solar power have been used for centuries. it cuts down on radiation, but raises the NATO nations as anxious to get this new Only today does man possess the techno level of blast destruction. According to weapon. logical ability to begin the task of har the recent Post article, the blast bomb The number of uncritical and emotional assertions a.bout the benefits the neutron nessing the Sun's rays and putting them would be used mainly to demolish struc bomb will bring us are surprising. Articles to work for mankind. tures, dig craters, or destroy mountain e.nd editorials are way off target when they Across the Nation, many organizations passes. One can only surmise that the say "there a.re no serious arguments against have prepared exhibits of solar equip blast bomb is "clean" to the extent that the deployment of this weapon," and the ment and will furnish information on there are few or no human beings living President's decision is a. significant step current state of the art and possible fu near, on, or in the structures, the crat backward in European defense." This new ture roles for this immense energy ers, or mountain passes which are the weapons system will at best add Uttle to source. targets of their blast and/or heat and/or NATO's defense, at worst it could lead to radiation. disaster. I am proud to be a sponsor of the Sun outside of the United States, there is no Day resolution. I also would like to re I have said on more than one occasion great enthusiasm for this weapon in NATO. mind my colleagues that this Congress that the military planners' campaign to Whlle the Netherlands ha.s been the only has not had a sparkling record in fur sell the public on such weapons by paint nation to renounce the weapon publicly, the thering vitally important solar research ing them in bright and hopeful colors lack of clear NATO suport indicates other and development in this Nation. The rather than the dull, grim, and macabre nations have reservations. NATO mlllta.ry people are leading the way with Sun ones they actually reflect ought to be commanders no doubt endorse the neutron treated as one of the more dangerous bomb, but the silence of NATO's European Day, and I am hopeful that Congress will national leaders suggests they a.nticiJ)Qte move out of the shade and support ef kinds of public relations sophistry and problems with the publlc and their respec forts for an orderly and accelerated de manipulation that have come about in tive governing bodies if they endorse it. It velopment of this exciting new indus recent times. appears our NATO allies want to look the try.• Three weeks have passed since the other way and let President Carter take the uproar surrounding the President's deci heat for the decision. sion to defer production of neutron Fallure to produce the neutron bomb is NEUTRON WEAPONS weapons. The prophecies of "surrender," not a step ba.ckward in defense of Europe. the end to Western civilization, capitula On the contrary, it might make Europe more secure. The defensive nature of this weapon tion to the Russians have quieted down. leads some to hope the neutron bomb might HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. There is, needless to say, no dirth of be used without triggering nuclear retalia OF MICHIGAN tactical nuclear weapons. Nor has there tion. That view is generally expressed by clvll IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been the level and depth of public dis ian nuclear theorists in the United States, cussion that the matter of the nuclear and it is supported by some in responsible Wednesday, May 3, 1978 arms race ought to command. positions. Sena.tor Nunn's statements lndi c3,te he is so inclined. But few mmtary com e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, last I have come across, however, voices of manders consider this even a remote possi Sunday, April 30 the Washington Post reason and understanding that I want to bility. reported the development of yet another share with my colleagues. The two arti Proponents of tactical nuclear warfare are allegedly "clean" tactical nuclear weap cles that follow both deal with the neu prone to stress weapons' effects on the enemy. on-the so-called "reduced residual ra tron weapons issue and, more broadly, These proponents a.re not nearly as objective diation" bomb. This new weapons system the nuclear arms race as such. The first or explicit a.bout nuclear effects on their surely rivals neutron weapons in dubi is written by Gen. Arthur S. Collins, Jr., own forces. NATO use of neutron weapons de ous military value. Worse, it further and is entitled, "Invitation to Nuclear veloped for limited employment, discrete fire illustrates the twisted logic behind the War?" and appeared in the Baltimore techniques, and pinpoint accuracy in defense current notion of national security that of NATO ls going to draw a. Soviet response Sun of April 26. General Collins is retired with tactical nuclear weapons; there should is moving us toward greater acceptance and his last assignment was as deputy be no fuzzy thinking on that point. of "clean" nuclear weapons as the way commander in chief of the U.S. Army in The asymmetry between Soviet nuclear to fight nuclear wars without nuclear Europe. The second article is written by weapons and the neutron bomb would be so catastrophe. This notion is, of course, Herbert Scoville, Jr., is entitled, "The great that the larger and less accurate Soviet ludicrous. Neutron Bomb's Risks Outweigh any weapons would be devastating to NATO There are a number of bizarre aspects Benefits," and appeared in the Baltimore forces using the small weapons. Wargames to the escalating search within the De Sunday Sun April 23. Dr. Scoville is a and studies have repeatedly shown that partment of Defense for credible, "clean" former Deputy Director of the CIA, where there is careful and discrete first use Technical Director of the Defense De of nuclear weapons, the side that initiated tactical nuclear weapons. Much of the the nuclear attack is overwhelmed by a. sud funding for the neutron and other nu partment's Armed Forces Special Weap den and massive enemy nuclear response. Ask clear weapons research and development ons project, and is a vice president of a.ny U.S. commander what he would do if his resides in the budget of the Department the Arms Control Association in Wash units were hit by a. few small nuclear weap of Energy-an estimated $1.5 billion. As ington. ons. The response would be a request for all a result, funding requests for these weap I highly recommend a close reading the nuclear firepower he could get. Are ons are handled by the Subcommittee of these articles, both of which shed the Russians likely to be more restrained in on Public Works of the House Appropria simllar circumstances? Soviet military doc much-needed light and sanity on neutron trine gives little evidence of concern for col tions Committee. No sooner is the neu weapons and the others that are part lateral damage, especially on hostlle son. tron weapons system put aside than the of the nuclear arms race: The most likely result of NATO first use of war planners bring forth yet another INVITATION TO NUCLEAR WAR? neutron bombs would be for NATO to lose weapons system, that like the others, is (By Arthur S. Colllns, Jr.) faster. celebrated for its unique virtues on and WASHINGTON.-President Carter presented An emotional editoria.l in the Wa.11 Street off the battlefield. In the case of the new a. profile in courage when he delayed the Journal said t:ha.t the new weapon "a.nnoys ly announced "reduced residual radia production decision on the neutron bomb. In the Soviet Union. This may be true, but tion" bomb, its proponents argue that it the debate of the past few weeks the Presi don't put too much stock in that; the Krem is even cleaner than the neutron weap dent's reported and actual decisions were lin ls easlly annoyed by what the United ons because unlike the latter, it is prin- branded a.s "frightening," "feckless," "omi- States does. It is doubtful the Soviet mill- May 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12579 tary planners are concerned about a small THE NEUTRON BOMB'S RISKS OUTWEIGH ANY ever, the Army admits that In a typical Eu neutron weapon, which to them ls Just BENEFITS ropean situation a. soldier even having the another nuclear weapon. If they believed (By Herbert Scoville, Jr.) shielding protection of a. tank would get 1 NATO might break the nuclear barrier with to 2 rads (the upper limit of permissible ex small neutron bombs, it is conceivable they The rhetoric of the past few weeks would posure) just passing through the area after could see a military advantage for them and lead one to believe that without the "neu a neutron bomb explosion. A foot soldier this might encourage them to recommend tron bomb" Soviet tanks would move un would get 10 to 20 times as much and could a m111tary attack. scathed a.cross the plains of Europe and that not operate safely in the area. for 2 days or The perceptions of the Warsaw Pact na NATO defenses would collapse. Nothing more. Thus the argument that the neutron tions other than Russia are important, too. could be further from the truth. In reality bomb a.voids the problems of battlefield con neutron bombs, or enhanced radiation weap tamination is at the very lea.st misleading. They will be less inclined to support a Rus ons as they are politely known, a.re inferior sian attack on NATO if the threat of nuclear mmtary devices, which a.re le55 effective It is, of course, true that any nuclear ex damage to their homeland and forces is against tanks than the standard fission plosion will cause horrendous casualties as great damage to them, they might be more weapons they would replace. demonstrated by Hiroshima., but the public's bomb as a nuclear weapon that will pose no concern over the radiation effects of the great damage to them. they might be more The neutron bomb ls being advertised as a neutron bomb is not without justification, wi111ng to support a Russian attack. Then more credible deterrent because it would be even though its proponents try to debunk the uncertainty about what might happen easier to decide to use it; yet if the decision this. Radiation deaths will occur within an after war comes and the nuclear barrier is ls really easier, it must lower the nuclear area of 3 square miles after a single explosion broken could lead to the catastrophe no one threshold and increase the risk of starting a.bout twice the area where blast or heat will wants to have happen. The neutron warhead a nuclear conflict. produce casualties. However, in the case of a could pose a threat to the security of Europe Officially released information on the effec fission weapon the areas of blast and heat because it blurs the distinction between con tiveness of the neutron bomb shows that kill and radiation klll are a.bout the same. ventional and nuclear war for us, but not for the "kill" radius against tanks for the en Thus with neutron bombs almost twice as the Russians. hanced radiation missile warhead ls essen many combatants and non-combatants will The cost of the neutron bomb from devel tially the same as that for the fission weap suffer lingering deaths as in the case when opment to placement in operational storage on now in place. Thus a massed Soviet tank a fission weapon is used. Furthermore, long sites would be close to a billion dollars, attack is not a practical maneuver against term casualties from cancer, leukemia., or maybe more. Since the new weapons raise NATO forces today. cataracts will occur over much larger areas, the cost of defense without adding to the There ls, however, one difference between neutrons are much more dangerous in this defense now in place, why not leave the the two types that makes the neutron war respect than the gamma radiation from a weapons which have been an effective deter heads actually less effective. The area within fission explosion. Thus all facts point to the rent where they a.re? Then, if conventional which a. tank will be destroyed by blast will neutron bomb being even less humane than defense of NATO is the real concern, use be more than 4 times as great for the exist the already inhumane fission weapons. some of that billion dollars to provide forces ing fission weapon as for its replacement. A major argument for the neutron bomb in Central Europe with more of the very Reliance on killing a tank solely by radiation has been that it will make the decision to effective anti-tank missiles that have been is a very dubious battlefield practice, since use these nuclear weapons easier because the developed. NATO would then be able to put only the crew not the tank itself would be collaterla.l blast damage to cities, villages up a better conventional defense and retain affected. Thus there would be no way of tell and industry will be lower than with the its current capa.bil1ty for a nuclear defense. ing by visual observation when a tank has nucle3.r weapons now deployed. This eased A conventional defense of NATO's Central been put out of action. This bad feature ls decision ma.king is claimed to improve the Sector would not be easy, but with the right accentuated because a person exposed to a credibility of the nuclear deterrent against emphasis it could be made credible. The les lethal dose of neutrons might not be lnca Soviet aggression in Europe. How this can be sons of the la.st Arab-Israeli War indicate pacitated for a couple of hours and could done without simultaneously ma.king it more that, with new anti-tank weapons, tanks can perhaps continue to fight with his tank until likely that nuclear weapons will actually be be destroyed in large numbers and quickly. it had run out of fuel or he had been used in any conflict is not explained. It ls Surely NATO has done its homework based replaced. ha.rd to see how the decision to use them on that short, violent war in October, 1973. He later would become sick and die after can be made more credible without also ma.k In times past the countries of Western several weeks or a. month. Even if a crewman ing its first use more probable. President Europe have had effective reserve and got five times the lethal dose-the exposure carter and m111ta.ry authorities have also said mob111zation systems. This was especially quoted by the Army as necessary for tank that once any nuclear weapon ls used there true of Germany. Each year more men are incapacitation-he might not be affected for ls no known way of assuring that the con completing their miUta.ry training and several minutes and even might temporarily flict will not rapidly escalate to all-out nu passing into the territorial forces. If these recover to fight as a kamikaze for some time. clear war and result in a worldwide holo troops a.re properly equipped and trained This delayed and invisible way of killing a caust. Therefore the primary objection to for a defensive war in their own local areas, tank ls very unsatisfactory in a battlefield replacing our existing nuclear weapons with every farm, town, village, and forest of West situation where a field commander would their enhanced radiation counterparts is that ern Europe would provide defensive strong like to know whether he has put a tank out this would increase the likelihood that any points to slow down any advances. With the of action or not. Thus if NATO really wants conventional war would become nuclear. conventional weapons now available, what to have a credible capabil1ty for dealing with The logic supporting improved deterrence can be seen can be hit; what can be hit can Soviet tank attacks, it had better rely on our would appear faulty on several grounds. First, be destroyed. existing weapons rather than this new tech the use of neutron weapons will not save There are costs involved, but they a.re not nological toy. allied civll facilities since once the nuclear nearly as great as those which the employ It has also been argued that a neutron firebreak is crossed, the Soviets would un ment of tactical nuclear weapons would en bomb explosion, unlike its fission counter doubtedly retaliate with their larger blast tail. NATO nations in Central Europe could part, will not produce radioactive fallout on producing fission weapons and destroy the survive a conventional defense, there would the local battlefield so that troops do not buildings in any case. Allied leaders knowing not be much left after a tactical nuclear war have to worry a.bout contamination and can this would be reluctant to order the first in that area. move In rapidly after the explosion. This ls use of the neutron weapon. Second, the key President Carter has said that the ultimate incorrect with respect to both fission and element deterring Soviet aggression ls not so objective with respect to nuclear weapons is neutron weapons. It was known in 1945, at much the danger in using nuclear weapons to negotiate for their eventual elimination. the time of Hiroshima and amply confirmed on a Western European battlefield, but is In the years a.head, some combination of na since, that when a fission weapon is exploded rather the fear that any nuclear conflict will tional leaders may be able to make progress up in the air so that the fireball does not escalate to strategic levels and result in the to that end. This wlll never be easy for a touch the ground (for a 10 klloton weapon annihilation of the Soviet Union. This U.S. president because so many members of about 500 feet), there will be negligible local escalation is not a.ffecte HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, May 4, 1978 The House met at 11 o'clock a.m. little children asking for Your fatherly Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, I object. is Rev. Robert K. sweet, st. John's United advice and counseling. The SPEAKER. Objection heard. May each of us hear Your words at The question is on the approval of the Church of Christ, Hollidaysburg, Pa., Journal. offered the following prayer: the end of the day saying. "Well done good and faithful servant, you have The question was taken, and the Almighty God, we Your children hum served My people well." Thank you God Speaker announced that the ayes ap bly approach You with our human short for hearing our humble prayer. Amen. peared to have it. comings and pride asking for Your tender Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, I object to mercy toward us. May this prayer be a the vote on the ground that a quorum real experience for each of us and not THE JOURNAL is not present and make the point of just a formality as we call upon You for order that a quorum is not present. guidance and wisdom. The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum amined the Journal of the last day's pro is not present. We humans are subject, O God, to be ceedings and announces to the House his The Sergeant at Arms will notify ab lieving we can settle the affairs of Gov approval thereof. sent Members. ernment without Your spiritual guidance Is there objection to the approval of The vote was taken by electronic de and each time we come back to You as the Journal? vice, and there were-yeas 360, nays 13, Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet'' symbol, ie., •