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REPORT ON CRZ VIOLATIONS IN DISTRICT 1. INTRODUCTION As per the direction of Supreme Court to prepare the list of violations against CRZ Notification across the State, Government of vide Order No G.O (Rt) No 98/2017/Envt. dated , 16/10/2019 (Annexure 1) have constituted Coastal District Committees (CDC) for ten coastal districts including the district of Kollam with District Collector as Chairman and District Town Planner as Convener for preparing the list of violations against CRZ Notification. All the concerned local body secretaries and Village officers are the members. Accordingly, the first meeting of CDC, Kollam was convened on 24.10.2019 and an Action Plan for collection and compilation of list of CRZ violations was discussed and decided. (Minutes of first meeting is enclosed as Annexure II.) As neither guidelines nor prescribed formats for the collection of list of violations against CRZ Notification were provided, it is decided in the first CDC meeting to collect the details in two phases. In the first phase, the focus was to collect location wise (i.e., survey number wise) number of CRZ violations in every village included in CRZ Notification. Category of violations such as residential, commercial etc. and land development were also to be identified. In the second phase details such as name and address of owners, status of owners, distance to the violations from HTL, area of construction/land etc. of identified CRZ violations were to be collected. Accordingly, Ist,, IInd and IIIrd Interim Report on CRZ violations were prepared based on the formats (Annexure III) issued to all concerned local bodies and the reports were submitted to the Chief Secretary to Government on due dates viz.31-10-19, 30-11-19 and 20-12-19 respectively. Immediately after the submission of IInd Interim Report, second meeting of CDC was convened on 02-12-19 (Minutes enclosed as Annexure IV) and the convenor had made a presentation on the reports submitted to the government and deficiency of data submitted by each local body. In order to collect details from the local body and preparation of report effectively, the Regional Joint Director (RJD) and Deputy Director of Panchayat (DDP) were also invited to CDC as nominee of the chairman. They were also present in the IInd CDC meeting. Future course of action was also decided in the meeting. Further to the second meeting of CDC a training programme was conducted on 10-12-19 by Kerala Coastal Zone Management Authority (KCZMA) on CRZ violations and CRZ notifications, in which it was pointed out that the cut of date for reporting CRZ

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM

2 violations may be 28-02-19 as the new CZMP was approved on that date. It was also told that the violations prior to 28-02-2019 are to be identified with respect to old CZMP i.e. CZMP, 1996. Though KCZMA has prepared a new proforma including Latitude and Longitude values, secretaries of local bodies with large number of CRZ violations had informed that they are not able to collect such information within a short span of time. Hence in consultation with Chairman of CDC the members were directed to submit the details by 16-12-2019 in the old proforma itself with segregation of data prior and after 28-02-2019, buildings which are constructed before 1996 and permissible constructions as per CRZ notification. However, only some of the members had provided such details. As most of the local bodies could not provide the required information fully, the compilation and analysis of CRZ violations with respect to locations, floor area, type, CRZ category etc. were done based on the available data. 2. Hearing on published interim report- an overview Immediately after the submission of IIIrd Interim Report to the government, ie on 21/12/2019 it is published in the website of District Collector Kollam (https://kollam.nic.in) for inviting comments/suggestion/opinion. Press release were also made on major dailies on 22.12.2019 and 30.12.2019 (Annexure V)about the publication and the public were asked to submit their comments/suggestion/opinion via e-mail or in writing (A special mail address was opened for the same - [email protected]). 25 objections/suggestions were obtained in this regard. A hearing was organized by CDC for those who submitted comments/suggestion/opinion on 03.01.2020. The details of comments/suggestion/opinion, secretaries remarks and decision of CDC is enclosed as Annexure VI. After considering comments/suggestion/opinion and additional violation due to the inclusion of building completed without the approval of KCZMA and came up before the District Level Coastal Zone Management Authority, the total number of CRZ violation reported in the District is found as 4867 nos. This final report of CRZ violation in contains an overview of CRZ in the District and analysis of CRZ violation with respect administrative boundaries and conclusion based on available data. It is to be noted that no field visit and / or ground visits were made from the office of the convener and the report is prepared entirely based on the data provided by other CDC members. On hearing of objection/opinion it is notice to that some traditional coastal community who were rehabilitated for government activities such as mining of Rare Earth Ltd.

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(IRE), widening of TS Canal – National Water way 3 are facing problems. They were staying in authorized houses. But when they were rehabilitated, they purchased vacant land in CRZ III where construction of new building is not allowed. Also some houses built under government scheme for fisherman are not legal. These issues are to be given special attention as the CRZ norms are for local inhabitants and rehabilitated ones depends on the coast for their livelihood. 3. CRZ in Kollam District- an overview Kollam being situated along the side of sea,many back waters and rivers are included as tide influenced water bodies. Major tide affected water bodies other than the sea are Ashtamudi kayal, Vattakayal, kayal, kayal, Kottackayal, Edava Nadayara Kayal, Paravoor Kayal, KalladaAr, PallickkalAr, IthikkaraAr and other back waters with local names which are part of major back waters and other tributaries of main rivers. TS Canal, a man made water body is also coming under CRZ.As per the approved Coastal Zone Management Plan, 2019 (CZMP,2019) prepared based on CRZ notification 2011, 29 local bodies in the district falls under CRZ in Kollam District. The entire CRZ in Kollam District is spreading over 4 Taluksviz. Kollam, Karunagappally, and Kunnathur and 44 villages within the district. The list of local bodies and villages coming under CRZ is enclosed as Annexure VII and the administrative boundaries (Taluk, Village, Local bodies) are shown in figure 1.

Figure 1 Administrative divisions in CRZ

Total extent of CRZ in Kollam other than CRZ IV which is the area of water body up to 12 nautical miles from Low Tide Line in the case of Sea and area of tide affected water body from the mouth of water body at sea and up to the location where the salinity

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is measured as 5 ppm is 63.95 sq.km. Except and its buffer zone, Inter Tidal Zone and rock beach in Kollam Municipal Corporation (KMC) in CRZ 1A and 1B, all other CRZ in Kollam Corporation, Paravoor and Karungapally Municipalities are designated as CRZ II. The total extent of CRZ II in the District is 16.92 sq .km. CRZ III (in 26 Grama Panchayaths shown in Annexure VII) has a total extent of 35.95 sq.km of which 33.41 sq.km falls in the No Development Zone (NDZ). The extent of CRZ III between 200m and 500m along sea cost is 2.54 sq.km. CRZ IV of the district covers over an area of 73.13 sq.km and CRZ IA and IB together constitute 8.97 sq.km whereas the mangrove buffer zone is only 2.11 sq.km.

Table 1 TALUK WISE DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ CATEGORIES IN KOLLAM

)

)

)

2

2

2

)

)

2

2

(km (km2 ) (km2

Taluk (km

) )

(km

2 2

HTL Seacoast ) (km (km) HTLCreek Mangrove (km CRZIA Mangrove Buffer Zone(km ITZIB CRZ (km Beach Rocky IB CRZ II CRZ NDZ ) III CRZ 500m b/w200& (km IV CRZ Karunagapally 25.42 251.23 .41 .99 2.2. 0 1.44 13.33 2.39 10.77

Kollam 29.94 450.61 0.47 1.12 5.64 0.01 15.48 16.85 0.15 61.12

Kottarakkara 0 9.86 0 0 0.03 0 0 0.79 0 0.32

Kunnathur 0 25 0 0 0.21 0 0 2.44 0 0.92

Total 55.36 736.70 0.88 2.11 8.08 0.01 16.92 33.41 2.54 73.13

As per CZMP 1996 which is prepared and approved based on CRZ notification 1991, which was valid up to 28-02-2019, Karunagappally Municipality and the area added to the then Kollam Municipality was under CRZ III. Also Kunnathur, , Paithreswaram and ThevalakkaraGrama Panchayaths were not included in CZMP, 1996.

4. CRZ VIOLATIONS Total number of CRZ violations after considering comments/suggestion/opinion is found as 4,867 which include CRZ violations made after 28/2/2019. It is to note that no site inspection and verification was made by the CDC for ensuring the authenticity of data

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5 provided by the local bodies and the Report on CRZ violations is solemnly a consolidation and analysis of data submitted by the secretaries of concerned local bodies and the decisions taken by the CDC after hearing the comments/suggestions/opinion. Brief details on the analysis of CRZ violations at Taluk, Village and Local body levels are given below.

4.1 CRZ VIOLATIONS AT TALUK LEVEL The list of Taluks and local bodies fall under each Taluk where CRZ notifications are applicable is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Kollam and Karunagappally Taluks, situated along the coastal area of the district, account for maximum number of local bodies where CRZ notifications are applicable. grama panchayath is the only local body in which CRZ is demarcated in Kottarakkara Taluk. As per the report submitted by the secretary of Pavithreswaram grama panchayath no CRZ violation is found there. CRZ is demarcated in 4 local bodies in Kunnathur Taluk, 10 in Karunagappally and 14 in .

TABLE 2 LIST OF LOCAL BODIES WITH CRZ UNDER EACH TALUK IN KOLLAM

Taluk Gramapanchayat Municipality Corporatio Total n

1. 2. 3. Karunagappall 10 KARUNAGAPPALL 4. Kulasekarapuram y local Y 5. bodie 6. s 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. East 5. 14 local KOLLAM 6. Mundrothuruth Paravoor Kollam bodie 7. s 8. Perayam 9. 10. 11. 12. Nedumpana 1. 4 KUNNATHUR 2. local CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM

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3. Kunnathur bodie 4. s 1 KOTTARAKKARA Pavithreswaram local body 29 local TOTAL 26 2 1 bodie s

Out of 4.867 CRZ violations ,50.40% of violations are found concentrated in Karunagappally taluk (2,453) followed by Kollam Taluk with 48.51% (2,361). Table 3 shows Taluk wise distribution of CRZ violations.

TABLE 3 TALUK WISE DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS

TALUK KOLLAM KARUNAGAPPALLY KUNNATHUR TOTAL REPORTED 2361 2453 53 VIOLATIONS

4.1.2 CRZ VIOLATIONS BY TYPE Even though local bodies were directed to identify the type of buildings (according to the intended use) with CRZ violations, were not classified accordingly. From the available data it is found that 4084 violations are for residential purposes (83.91%) including hostel buildings. The non-residential type consists of commercial, temple, auditorium and offices. Above 75% of violations reported by type are for residential purpose in all Taluks and even extends to 93 % for individual taluks. The taluk wise split up of type of violations is shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 CRZ VIOLATIONS BY TYPE -TALUK WISE

TALUK KOLLAM KARUNAGAPPALLY KUNNATHUR TOTAL RESIDENTIAL 1762 2276 46 4084

NON 184 172 7 363 RESIDENTIAL UNSPECIFIED 415 5 420

GRAND 2361 2453 53 TOTAL

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Based on the above statistics, it can be concluded that CRZ violations in Kollam District is mainly for residential activity.

4.1.3 VIOLATIONS BY CRZ CATEGORY While analysing the CRZ category wise violations (Table 5) it is observed that 84.65% of violations falls in CRZ III category followed by 15.08% in CRZ II. Only Kollam taluk show violations in CRZ II and III. Violations reported from Kunnathur Taluk, is limited to zone III. 84.65 % of CRZ violations in Kollam taluk took place in CRZ III followed by CRZ II with 15.08% TABLE 5 CRZ VIOLATIONS BY CATEGORY -TALUK WISE

CRZCATEGORY II III Unspecified TALUK KOLLAM 734 1615 12

KARUNAGAPPALLY 2452 1

KUNNATHUR 53

TOTAL 734 4120 13

4.1.4. CRZ VIOLATIONS BY FLOOR AREA From the available data average floor area of buildings with CRZ violations in 3 Taluks are shown in Table 6. TABLE 6 AVERAGE FLOOR AREA OF REPORTED VIOLATIONS -TALUK WISE

TALUK KOLLAM KARUNAGAPPALLY KUNNATHUR AVERAGE FLOOR 116.26 94.76 97.67 AREA (M2)

From the above data, it is found that average floor area of buildings with CRZ violations is above100 sq.m for Kollam taluk and below 100 sq.m for Karunagappally and Kunnathur.

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4.1.5 CRZ VIOLATIONS ALONG MAJOR TIDAL AFFECTED WATER BODIES Number of CRZ violations along the side of tidal influenced water bodies are shown in Table 7. It is observed that 32% of violations are found along the side of and other tidal affected water bodies and 45% along the shore of Arabian sea.

TABLE 7 CRZ VIOLATIONS ALONG TIDAL INFLUENCED WATER BODIES

WATER BODIES

HU

KAYAL

THODU KALLADA

TALUK CANAL T.S

ITHIKKARA

ASHTAMUDI

PALLIKALAR

UNSPECIFIED

ARABIAN SEA ARABIAN

CHERUKAYAL

GRAND TOTAL GRAND

VATTAKAYAL

KOTTEKAYAL KAYALTHURUT 10 940 12 48 44 5 107 105 14 3 73 2347 KOLLAM 10

KARUNAGAPPALL 11 606 319 66 134 129 17 4 2449 Y 78

KUNNATHUR 5 38 10 53

21 GRAND TOTAL 1551 12 86 363 5 66 241 244 17 18 3 73 4867 88

4.2 VILLAGE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS Among the 44 villages listed as CRZ villages, data for 35 villages are available. However, from the spatial distribution analysis (Table 8 and in Figure 2) of CRZ violations using the available data, it is found that maximum number of violations are concentrated in Neendakara village followed by Alapad village.

TABLE 8 CRZ VIOLATIONS -VILLAGE WISE

Sl.No Villages Total reported violations

1 Adichanalloor 14 2 Adinadu 51 3 Alappad 508 4 14 5 Chavara 193

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6 Chirakkara 2 7 Clappana 97 8 East kallada 38 9 256 10 11 11 Kollam East 398 12 kollam west 140 13 Kottappuram 15 14 45 15 5 16 Mayyanad 161 17 1 18 147 19 Munroethuruthu 71 20 Neendakara 887 21 Panayam 63 22 Panmana 47 23 Paravur 12 24 Perayam 29 25 Perinad 33 26 Poothakulam 38 27 395 28 Sasthamcotta 21 29 5 30 Thekkumbhagom 183 31 Thevalakkara 345 32 Thrikadavoor 185 33 Thrikkaruva 340 34 72 35 West Kallada 32 36 Unspecified 13

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Figure 2CRZ VIOLATIONS -VILLAGE WISE 4.2.1DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS BY TYPE The village wise split up of type of violation is shown in Table 9 and Figure 3 respectively. 420 unspecified entries are made by secretaries of local bodies. Based on available data, it is seen that maximum number of residential buildings (868) with CRZ violations is at Neendakara village followed by Alappad village with 423 violations. Non residential building with CRZ violations is seen more in Sakthikulangara village (95) followed by Alappad village (85). TABLE 9 CRZ VIOLATION BY TYPE - VILLAGE WISE

Non residential Villages Sl No Residential type type Unspecified 1 Adichanalloor 13 1 2 Adinadu 46 5 3 Alappad 423 85 4 Ayanivelikulangara 14 5 Chavara 187 2 4 6 Chirakkara 2 7 Clappana 91 5 1 8 East kallada 32 5 1 9 Eravipuram 147 8 101 10 Kallelibhagom 11 11 Kollam East 275 8 115 12 kollam west 129 9 2 13 Kottappuram 4 5 6 14 Kulasekharapuram 37 8

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15 Mangad 2 3 16 Mayyanad 157 4 17 Meenad 1 18 Mundakkal 141 1 5 19 Munroethuruthu 57 14 20 Neendakara 868 19 21 Panayam 60 3 22 Panmana 34 13 23 Paravur 8 2 2 24 Perayam 27 1 1 25 Perinad 33 26 Poothakulam 33 5 27 Sakthikulangara 300 95 28 Sasthamcotta 18 3 29 Thazhuthala 5 30 Thekkumbhagom 166 17 31 Thevalakkara 334 11 32 Thrikadavoor 7 178 33 Thrikkaruva 330 10 34 Vadakkumthala 65 7 35 West Kallada 28 4 36 Unspecified 8 1 4 TOTAL 4084 363 420

Figure 3SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION BY TYPE -VILLAGE WISE

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4.2.2DISTRIBUTIUON OF VIOLATIONS BY CRZ CATEGORY

Category wise CRZ violations among the villages are shown in Table 10. TABLE 10 CRZ BY CATEGORY -VILLAGE WISE

CRZ VILLAGE II III UNSPECIFIED Adichanalloor 14 Adinadu 51 Alappad 508 Ayanivelikulangara 14 Chavara 193 Chirakkara 2 Clappana 97 East kallada 6 32 Eravipuram 34 222 Kallelibhagom 11 Kollam East 386 12 kollam west 140 Kottappuram 15 Kulasekharapuram 45 Mangad 5 Mayyanad 161 Meenad 1 Mundakkal 124 23 Munroethuruthu 71 Neendakara 887 Panayam 63 Panmana 47 Paravur 9 3 Perayam 29 Perinad 33 Poothakulam 38 Sakthikulangara 395 Sasthamcotta 21 Thazhuthala 5 Thekkumbhagom 182 1 Thevalakkara 345 Thrikadavoor 7 178 Thrikkaruva 340 Vadakkumthala 72 West Kallada 32

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Maximum number of violations in CRZ II is in Kollam East village (386) followed by Kollam westvillage (140). Maximum number of violations in CRZ III category is in Neendakara village followed by Alappad village with 887 and 508 respectively.

4.2.3 CRZ VIOLATIONS BY FLOOR AREA Average floor area of CRZ violations among the villages are shown in Table 11

TABLE 11 AVERAGE FLOOR AREA OF REPORTED VIOLATIONS- VILLAGE WISE

Sl. No Villages Average floor area (M2) 97.04 1 Adichanalloor 54.44 2 Adinadu 188.29 3 Alappad 93.93 4 Ayanivelikulangara 57.12 5 Chavara 307.67 6 Chirakkara 74.21 7 Clappana 117.07 8 East kallada 100.01 9 Eravipuram 89.18 10 Kallelibhagom 51.78 11 Kollam East 113.90 12 Kollam West 132.22 13 Kottappuram 75.72 14 Kulasekharapuram 39.00 15 Mangad 39.29 16 Mayyanad 82.78 17 Meenad 72.69 18 Mundakkal 72.98 19 Munroethuruthu

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67.55 20 Neendakara 57.95 21 Panayam 102.05 22 Panmana 373.93 23 Paravur 69.03 24 Perayam 59.32 25 Perinad 111.71 26 Poothakulam 248.33 27 Sakthikulangara 102.04 28 Sasthamcotta 95.69 29 Thazhuthala 80.78 30 Thekkumbhagom 69.85 31 Thevalakkara 213.96 32 Thrikadavoor 64.77 33 Thrikkaruva 92.49 34 Vadakkumthala 94.61 35 West Kallada 183.00 Unspecified

Average floor area of buildings with CRZ violations above 100 sq. m is found in 12 villages viz. Alappad, Chirakkara, East Kallada, Eravipuram, Kollam West, Kottapuram, Poothakulam, Kottapuram, Paravur, Sakthikulangara, Sasthamkotta, Panmana and Thrikkadavur. 373.93sq.m. is found as the highest average area.

4.2.4 CRZ VIOLATIONS ALONG MAJOR TIDAL AFFECTED WATER BODIES

Village wise details of tidal affected water bodies and the number of CRZ violations along the side of these water bodies are shown in Table 12.

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TABLE 12 DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS ALONG TIDAL INFLUENCED WATER BODIES -VILLAGE WISE

WATER BODIES

HODU KAYAL

VILLAGE T

TS CANAL TS

ITHIKKARA

ASHTAMUDI

UNSPECIFIED

ARABIAN SEA ARABIAN

VATTAKAYAL

KOTTEKAYAL

CHERUKAYAL PALLIKALAAR

RIVER KALLADA KAYALTHURUTHU

Adichanalloor 11 3 Adinadu 51 Alappad 94 413 1 Ayanivelikulangara 14 Chavara 48 116 1 24 4

Chirakkara 2 Clappana 25 6 66 East kallada 5 21 1 10 1 Eravipuram 30 122 72 25 7 Kallelibhagom 11 Kollam East 4 372 9 13 kollam west 17 67 56 Kottappuram 15 Kulasekharapuram 45 Mangad 5 Mayyanad 161 Meenad 1 Mundakkal 92 35 20 Munroethuruthu 25 27 19 Neendakara 142 707 38 Panayam 63 Panmana 10 37 Paravur 12 Perayam 29 Perinad 33 Poothakulam 38 Sakthikulangara 61 333 1 Sasthamcotta 21 Thazhuthala 5 Thekkumbhagom 183 Thevalakkara 345

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Thrikadavoor 185 Thrikkaruva 340 Vadakkumthala 55 17 West Kallada 5 17 10 Unspecified TOTAL 1547 2179 12 86 363 5 66 241 244 17 73 3 18

Maximum number of CRZ violations (345) along the shore of Ashtamudi lake is seen in Thevalakkara village and that along the bank of Arabian sea is in Neendakara village (707).

4.3. LOCAL BODY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS Details of distribution of CRZ as per CZMP,2019 is shown in table 13.

Table 13 CRZ Distribution Local body wise

Pokk HTL Length in Km Ecologic ali Wate CRZ ally Mangrov Field Rocky CRZ ITZ - rbody II Sensitiv e Buffer NDZ s - Beach - Local Body Alon III CRZ IB –CRZ Along (Km e Areas Zone (Km2) CRZ CRZ g (Km2) (Km2) IV B Seaco Total 2) CRZ IA (Km2) IB IB (Km2 Cree (Km2) ast (Km2) (Km2 k ) 22.59 93.4 116.0 11.9 40.45 967.122( 2296.3 Kollam 0.11 0.44 0.26 9.02 8 46 44 6 8(m2) m2) 64(m2) 21.3 21.41 4392.06 41.049( Karunagapally 0.058 1.42 0.26 0.01 1.15 52 0 9(m2) m2) 45.5 50.80 Paravoor 5.264 3.41 0.01 0.44 0.04 0.49 0.01 5.54 37 0 41.13 41.1 Adichanallur 0.01 1.38 0.04 2.14 2.63 9 39 13.70 54.8 68.55 Alappad 0.01 0.51 0.08 0.34 0.08 3.84 1.97 7 45 2 17.4 17.47 Chathannur 0.18 0.68 0.60 73 3 15.4 19.03 Chavara 3.602 0.47 0.02 0.06 0.07 1.35 1.18 35 7 0.10 585.90 3845.00 Chirakkara 0.104 4 3(m2) 4(m2) 40.0 40.05 Clappana 0.05 0.60 0.25 1.16 0.11 56 6 18.4 18.40 831.217 2814.105 East Kallada 0.09 1.78 0.63 08 8 (m2) (m2) Kulasekharapur 31.4 31.46 625.090 0.03 0.21 0.63 0.02 am 65 5 (m2) 18.8 18.82 Kunnathor 0.68 0.45 21 1 Mundrothuruth 7.93 7.935 0.23 2.68 0.54 2.12 6.73

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u 5 121. 102. 102.2 2489.98 Mayyanad 769( 0.15 0.15 1.20 1.20 257 57 7(m2) m2) 13.2 15.30 Mynagappally 2.090 0.19 0.50 0.16 18 9 6.80 Nedumpana 6.806 0.09 0.29 0.35 6 3.59 Neendakara 3.592 0.88 0.20 0.19 0.40 1.84 1.27 2 37.4 42.23 4367.10 Panayam 4.754 0.01 0.01 1.08 2.67 77 1 7(m2) 10.6 10.61 Panmana t 0.51 0.01 0.31 0.04 1.60 1.32 19 9 Pavithreswara 22.0 24.11 2.106 0.03 0.79 0.32 m 06 2 9.83 Perayam 9.835 0.03 0.10 0.08 2.56 6.76 5 37.8 37.80 Perinad 0.02 0.02 0.07 1.63 4.75 07 7 41.7 18.8 18.86 2010.432 Poothakkulam 45( 0.80 1.87 63 3 (m2) m2) 10.7 10.74 Sasthamcotta 0.01 0.45 0.22 40 0 Thekkumbhago 5.11 5.117 0.06 0.06 0.13 1.00 9.33 m 7 25.4 25.47 Thevalkkara 0.01 0.07 0.02 1.13 2.24 71 1 10.4 12.1 12.17 Thodiyoor 17( 0.13 0.84 0.53 75 5 m2) 679.0 10.7 10.72 Thrikkaruva 0.10 54(m2 0.02 0.03 0.04 2.02 10.05 20 0 ) 5.12 West Kallada 5.128 0.01 0.81 0.09 8 54.17 737. 792.0 Total 16.9 2.5 0.88 8.08 2.11 33.4 0.01 73.13 8 846 24

Local body wise distribution of CRZ violations are shown in Table 14 and in Figure 4. Maximum number of violations (1510*) is concentrated in Kollam Municipal Corporation followed by Neendakara Gramapanchayat with 887.

(*Though the violations reported by secretary Kollam municipal corporations was 1525, after considering the hearing and eliminating the construction made before 1996 as stated by the secretary, the total violations reported from Kollam municipal corporation is 1510.)

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TABLE 14 CRZ VIOLATIONS –LOCAL BODY WISE Sl.No LOCAL BODY No of violations 1 Adichanalloor 19 2 Alappad 508

3 Chathannoor 1

4 Chavara 193

5 Chirakkara 2

6 Clappana 97

7 East Kallada 37

8 Karunagappally Municipality 14

9 Kollam Corporation 1510

10 Kulasekarapuram 96

11 Kunnathur 0

12 Mayyanad 193

13 Mundrothuruth 72

14 Mynagappally 0

15 Nedumpana 0

16 Neendakara 887

17 Panayam 63

18 Panmana 119

19 Paravoor Municipality 24

20 Pavithreswaram 0

21 Perayam 29

22 Perinad 33

23 Poothakkulam 38

24 Sasthamkotta 21

25 Thekkumbhagam 183

26 Thevalakkara 345

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27 Thoidyoor 11

28 Thrikkaruva 340

29 West Kallada 32

Figure 4.SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS -LOCAL BODY WISE

4.3.1 DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS BY TYPE Among the CRZ violations in various local bodies maximum number of residential buildings (977) and non residential buildings (128) are concentrated in Kollam Municipal Corporation. The LSGI wise details of types of violations are shown in Table 15 and Figure 5.

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Table 15 DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS BY TYPE -LOCAL BODY WISE

Non Residential Sl. No LOCAL BODY Residential type Unspecified type 1 Adichanalloor 18 1 0 2 Alappad 423 85 0

3 Chathannoor 1 0 0

4 Chavara 187 2 4

5 Chirakkara 0 2 0

6 Clappana 91 5 1

7 East Kallada 31 5 1

8 Karunagappally municipality 14 0 0

9 Kollam corporation 977 128 405

10 Kulasekarapuram 83 13 0

11 Mayyanad 185 8 0

12 Mundrothuruth 58 14 0

13 Neendakara 868 19 0

14 Panayam 60 3 0

15 Panmana 99 20 0

16 Paravoor municipalty 9 7 8

17 Perayam 27 1 1

18 Perinad 33 0 0

19 Poothakkulam 33 5 0

20 Sasthamkotta 18 3 0

21 Thekkumbhagam 166 17 0

22 Thevalakkara 334 11 0

23 Thoidyoor 11 0 0

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24 Thrikkaruva 330 10 0

25 West Kallada 28 4 0 TOTAL 4084 363 420

Figure 5DISTRIBUTION OF CRZ VIOLATIONS BY TYPE -LOCAL BODY WISE

4.3.2 DISTRIBUTION OF VIOLATIONS BY CRZ CATEGORY CRZ category wise violations among the LSGI is shown in Table 16.

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TABLE 16 CRZ CATEGORY WISE SPLIT UP -LOCAL BODY WISE

CRZ II III Unspecified LOCAL BODY Adichanalloor 0 19

Alappad 0 508

Chathannoor 0 1

Chavara 0 193

Chirakkara 0 2

Clappana 0 97

East Kallada 6 31

Karunagappally municipality 0 14

Kollam corporation 704 794 12

Kulasekarapuram 0 96

Mayyanad 0 193

Mundrothuruth 0 72

Neendakara 0 887

Panayam 0 63

Panmana 0 119

Paravoor Municipalty 24 0

Perayam 0 29

Perinad 0 33

Poothakkulam 0 38

Sasthamkotta 0 21

Thekkumbhagam 0 182 1

Thevalakkara 0 345

Thoidyoor 0 11

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Thrikkaruva 0 340

West Kallada 0 32

Maximum number of violations in CRZ II category (704) is in Kollam Municipal Corporation followed by Paravoor Municipality with 24 number and violations in CRZ III category is maximum (887) in Neendakara Grama panchayat followed by Kollam Municipal Corporation with 794.

Figure 6 spatial distribution of CRZ violation category local body wise

4.3.3 CRZ VIOLATIONS BY FLOOR AREA Average floor area of the violations among the LSGIs’ are shown in Table 17

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TABLE 17 AVERAGE FLOOR AREA OF REPORTED VIOLATIONS-LOCAL BODY WISE

Sl. No LOCAL BODY Average floor area (M2) Adichanalloor 1 96.68 Alappad 188.29 2 Chathannoor 82.78 3 Chavara 57.12 4 Chirakkara 307.67 5 Clappana 74.21 6 East Kallada 119.77 7 Karunagappally municipality 93.93 8 Kollam corporation 149.55 9 Kulasekarapuram 64.41 10 Mayyanad 41.92 11 Mundrothuruth 72.24 12 Neendakara 67.55 13 Panayam 57.95 14 Panmana 96.26 15 Paravoor municipalty 94.60 16 Perayam 69.03 17 Perinad 59.32 18 Poothakkulam 111.71 19 Sasthamkotta 102.04 20 Thekkumbhagam 80.78 21 Thevalakkara 69.85 22 Thoidyoor 89.18 23 Thrikkaruva 64.77 24 West Kallada 94.61 25

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CRZ violations with average floor area above 100 sq.m is found at Alappad, Chirakara, East Kallada, Poothakulam and Sasthamkotta Grama Panchayats and Kollam Municipal Corporation.

4.3.4 CRZ VIOLATIONS ALONG MAJOR TIDAL AFFECTED WATER BODIES Tidal influenced water bodies which is affected by these violations and Local bodies wise split is shown in Table 18

TABLE 18 TIDAL AFFECTED WATER BODIES - LOCAL BODY WISE

WATER BODIES

THU

KAYAL

THODU KALLADA KALLADA

LSGI CANAL T.S

ITHIKKARA ITHIKKARA

ASHTAMUDI ASHTAMUDI

PALLIKALAR

UNSPECIFIED

ARABIAN SEA ARABIAN

VATTAKAYAL

KOTTEKAYAL

KAYALTHURU CHERUKAYAL Adichanalloor 11 5 3

Alappad 94 413 1

Chathannoor 1

Chavara 48 116 1 24 4

Chirakkara 2

Clappana 25 6 66

East Kallada 4 21 1 10 1

Karunagappally municipality 14

Kollam corporation 272 995 5 107 45 72 14

Kulasekarapuram 96

Mayyanad 193

Mundrothuruth 26 27 19

Neendakara 142 707 38

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Panayam 63

Panmana 10 55 37 17

Paravoor municipalty 9 15

Perayam 29

Perinad 33

Poothakkulam 38

Sasthamkotta 21

Thekkumbhagam 183

Thevalakkara 345

Thodiyoor 11

Thrikkaruva 340

West Kallada 5 17 10

Maximum number of CRZ violations along the shore of Arabian Sea is seen in Kollam Municipal Corporation (995) and that along the bank of Ashtamudi lake is seen in Thevalakkara Grama Panchayat (345). There are 3819 numbers of violations with floor area below 100sq.m and 64% belongs to (2452) traditional fishermen. About 107 constructions were carried out by government fund or aid. According to Secretary of Neendakara, 68 buildings are found permissible as per 2018 CRZ notification. Secretary of Munrothuruth Grama Panchayath has pointed out following issues in implementing CRZ notification in their jurisdictional area

i. As per the new CRZ map not only the public water body but also all private water bodies for fish farming /agriculture purpose also are included in CRZ. So, the residents living in between water bodies (thodu) and the adjacent residents of water bodies are unable to build any new houses or make any extension to any building in those lands inherited from forefathers. ii. It is not clear whether Munreothuruthu panchayath has concessions as a back water islands as per the CRZ notification 2011. As per letter no CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM

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4465/A1/2018/KCZMA dtd 06.02.2019 & letter no 4066/A1/2018/KCZMA dtd 16.01.2019 of the Member secretary Kerala Coastal Zone Management Authority (KCZMA) it is clarified that it is not possible to give any concessions to Munroethuruthu GP as a back water island. But in the approved CZMP, 2019, it is seen that NDZ zone curtailed to 50 mts from 100 mts. This is in contradiction to the clarification given by KCZMA. It has created confusion among officials and general public in following CRZ notification, 2011 which is to be implemented till the CZMP based on CRZ notification, 2019 is ready for implementation. Hence identification of CRZ violations is found difficult.

5. CONCLUSIONS As per CZMP, 2019 CRZ is demarcated in four Taluks in Kollam District viz. Kollam, Karunagappally, Kunnathur and Kottarakkara. Kottarakkara Taluk was not in CZMP 1996 which was valid till 28-02-19. As per the report of secretaries of concerned local bodies, CRZ violations are seen in all Taluks included in CZMP except Kottarakkara. Total number of CRZ Violations the district is found as 4867. More number of violations were reported from Karungappally Taluk (50.4%) followed by Kollam Taluk with 48.5%.84.65 % of violations are reported from CRZ III category followed by 15.1% from CRZ II. 83.9 % Violations reported are residential purpose. Out of total violations, 3819 violations are having floor are below 100 sq.m and 64 % belongs to traditional coastal community.

From the village wise analysis of CRZ violations, it is found that maximum number of violations are concentrated in Neendakara (887) village followed by Alappad (508) village. These villages are situated between Arabian sea and TS canal and the land width is very less and these villages are under CRZ III categories. Hence, the local inhabitants face difficulties in building houses for their children.

Local body wise analysis of CRZ violations shows that maximum number of CRZ violations are concentrated in Kollam Municipal Corporation(1510) followed by Neendarakara Gramapanchayat with 887. According to Secretary of Neendakara, 68 buildings are found permissible as per 2018 CRZ notification.

Among the CRZ violations in various local bodies maximum number of residential buildings (977) and non-residential buildings (128) are concentrated in Kollam Municipal Corporation. Maximum number of violations in CRZ II category (704) is in

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Kollam Municipal Corporation followed by Paravoor Municipality with 24 number and violations in CRZ III category is maximum (887) in Neendakara Grama panchayat followed by Kollam Municipal Corporation with 794 number. Maximum number of CRZ violations along the shore of Arabian Sea is seen in Kollam Municipal Corporation (995) and that along the bank of Ashtamudi lake is seen in Thevalakkara Grama Panchayat (345).

On hearing of objection/opinion it is notice to that some traditional coastal community who were rehabilitated for government activities such as mining of India Rare Earth Ltd. (IRE), widening of TS Canal – National Water way 3 are facing problems. They were staying in authorized houses. But when they were rehabilitated, they purchased vacant land in CRZ III where construction of new building is not allowed. Also some houses built under government scheme for fisherman are not legal. These issues are to be given special attention as the CRZ norms are for local inhabitants and rehabilitated ones depends on the coast for their livelihood.

Secretary of Munrothuruth Grama Panchayath pointed out that in the new CRZ map not only the public water body but also all private water bodies for fish farming /agriculture purpose are also included in CRZ. So, the residents living in between water bodies (thodu) and the adjacent residents of water bodies are unable to build any new houses or make any extension to any building in those lands inherited from forefathers. Also a due to lack of clarification on whether Munrothuruth is to be treated as an island or not, confusion created among officials and general public in following CRZ notification. Hence issue of Munrothuruth island is also to be addressed separately. As no one from KCZMA is included in CDC, vetting by KCZMA is suggested by the CDC, Kollam.

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ANNEXURES

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM 1stcdc meeting minutes

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM

2ndcdc meeting minutes

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM ANNEXURE – V

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CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM ANNEXURE – VI

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM cdc meeting minutes

CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM CRZ VIOLATIONS KOLLAM C D C KOLLAM VILLAGE LSGI 1 Adichanalloor 1 Adichanalloor 2 2 Alappad 3 Alappad 3 Chathannoor 4 Ayanivelikkulangara 4 Chavara 5 Chavara 5 Chirakkara 6 Chirakkara 6 Clappana 7 Clappana 7 East Kallada 8 East Kallada 8 Karunagappally municipality 9 Eravipuram 9 Kollam corporation 10 Kallelibhagam 10 Kulasekarapuram 11 Karunagappally 11 Kunnathur 12 Kilikolloor 12 Mayyanad 13 Kollam East 13 Mundrothuruth 14 Kollam West 14 Mynagappally 15 Kottappuram 15 Nedumpana 16 Kulasekara Puram 16 Neendakara 17 Kunnathur 17 Panayam 18 Mangad 18 Panmana 19 Mayyanad 19 Paravoor municipalty 20 Meenad 20 Pavithreswaram 21 21 Perayam 22 Mundakkal 22 Perinad 23 Mundrothuruth 23 Poothakkulam 24 Mynagappally 24 Sasthamkotta 25 Nedumpana 25 Thekkumbhagam 26 Neendakara 26 Thevalakkara 27 Panayam 27 Thoidyoor 28 Panmana 28 Thrikkaruva 29 Paravoor 29 West Kallada 30 Pavithreswaram 31 Perayam 32 Perinad 33 Poothakkulam 34 Puthur 35 Sakthikulangara 36 Sasthamkotta 37 Thazhuthala 38 Thekkumbhagam 39 Thevalakkara 40 Thodiyoor 41 Thrikkadavur 42 Thrikkaruva 43 Vadakumthala 44 WestKallada

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