DOCSLIB.ORG

Guided by the Inner Light: a Historiometric Study of Quaker Education in the State of New York

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guided by the Inner Light: a Historiometric Study of Quaker Education in the State of New York St. John's University St. John's Scholar Theses and Dissertations 2020 GUIDED BY THE INNER LIGHT: A HISTORIOMETRIC STUDY OF QUAKER EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK Joseph John Crotty Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.stjohns.edu/theses_dissertations GUIDED BY THE INNER LIGHT: A HISTORIOMETRIC STUDY OF QUAKER EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION to the faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP of THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION at ST. JOHN’S UNIVERSITY New York by Joseph John Crotty IV Submitted Date: ___________ Approved Date: ___________ _________________________ _________________________ Joseph John Crotty IV Seokhee Cho, Ph.D © Copyright by Joseph John Crotty IV 2020 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT GUIDED BY THE INNER LIGHT: A HISTORIOMETRIC STUDY OF QUAKER EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK Joseph John Crotty IV The following historiometric analysis examined the historical experiences of Quaker educational institutions during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The researcher utilized artifacts (n = 34) related to Quaker education in New York State in order to ascertain to what extent Quaker testimonies, including integrity, community, simplicity, equality, and peace, were influenced by salient historical experiences, such as war, racial equality, and economic equality. The researcher utilized structural coding to facilitate the conveyance of qualitative data into quantitative data in order to measure statistical differences. MANOVA results examined the significance of the difference among artifacts with different levels of description. MANOVA results established significant differences for the historical experience of war in Quaker educational institutions 2 ([Pillai’s Trace = 1.226], F(15, 84) = 3.872, p < .000, = .409) and the historical experience of racial equality in Quaker educational institutions ([Pillai’s trace = 1.095], 2 F(15, 84) = 3.221, p < .000, = .365). Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the historical experience of racial equality predicted 46.5% of the realization of the Quaker testimony of community at Quaker educational institutions (adjusted 푅2 = .514), 70.3% of the realization of the Quaker testimony of equality in Quaker educational institutions (adjusted 푅2 = .703), and 47.6% of the realization of the Quaker testimony of peace in Quaker educational institutions (adjusted 푅2 = .476). The study of historical experiences of Quaker educational institutions and subsequent realization of the Quaker testimonies contribute a myriad of critical discourses regarding the history of Quaker education, the practice of historiometric analysis in educational research, and most importantly, the development of a positive school culture. Through the experiences of war, and advocacy for racial and economic equality, Quaker educational institutions formulated responses and civic action based upon the Quaker testimonies of community, equality, and peace. Further studies should be carried out with a more viable sample size to validate the findings of the present study. For example, a researcher should conduct a historiometric study of Quaker schools in a particular region or country to gain a greater sample size, which would increase the statistical validity of the study. DEDICATION Dedicated to Joseph John Crotty III, Theresa Crotty, Angelica Crotty, Dr. Paul Van Wie, Dr. John Staudt, Dr. Joseph Coladonato, Clare Hayes, Liza Laurino-Siegel, Barbara Klein, Muriel Delabar, Kathleen Saville, Melissa Furino, and Jordan Salhoobi. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication: . ii List of Tables . v Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Purpose of the Study . 7 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework . 9 Significance/Importance of the Study . 14 Research Questions . 16 Definition of Terms . 18 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 22 Theoretical Framework . 22 Review of Related Research . 28 Chapter 3: Methods & procedures . 43 Research Questions . 44 Research Design and Data Analysis . 46 Data Sources . .. 50 Instruments . 51 Procedures for Collecting and Analyzing Data . 52 Chapter 4: Results . 54 Results . 55 Chapter 5: Discussion . 88 Implications of Findings . 88 Relationship to Prior Research . 105 iii Limitations of the Study . 111 Recommendations for Future Research . 113 Recommendations for Future Practice . 114 Appendix A: IRB Certification . 116 Appendix B: Data Collection . 117 References . 274 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Artifacts Collected for Historiometric Analysis . 50 Table 2.1 Descriptive Statistics for the Historical Experience of War . 55 Table 2.2 The Historical Experience of War and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Integrity . 57 Table 2.3 The Historical Experience of War and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Community . 58 Table 2.4 The Historical Experience of War and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Simplicity . 58 Table 2.5 The Historical Experience of War and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Equality . 59 Table 2.6 The Historical Experience of War and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Peace . 59 Table 2.7 Descriptive Statistics for Each Significant Dependent Variable by Historical Experience of War. 60 Table 2.8 One-Way Multivariate Analysis Summary for the Historical Experience of War. 62 Table 3.1 Descriptive Statistics for the Historical Experience of Racial Equality. 63 Table 3.2 The Historical Experience of Racial Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Integrity . 65 Table 3.3 The Historical Experience of Racial Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Community . 65 Table 3.4 The Historical Experience of Racial Equality and the Realization of the Quaker v Testimony of Simplicity . 66 Table 3.5 The Historical Experience of Racial Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Equality . 66 Table 3.6 The Historical Experience of Racial Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Peace . 67 Table 3.7 Descriptive Statistics for Each Significant Dependent Variable by Historical Experience of Racial Equality . 67 Table 3.8 One-Way Multivariate Analysis Summary for the Historical Experience of Racial Equality. 70 Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics for the Historical Experience of Economic Equality . 71 Table 4.2 The Historical Experience of Economic Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Integrity . 72 Table 4.3 The Historical Experience of Economic Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Community . 74 Table 4.4 The Historical Experience of Economic Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Simplicity . 74 Table 4.5 The Historical Experience of Economic Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Equality . 74 Table 4.6 The Historical Experience of Economic Equality and the Realization of the Quaker Testimony of Peace . 75 Table 4.7 Descriptive Statistics for Each Significant Dependent Variable by Historical Experience of Economic Equality . 76 Table 4.8 One-Way Multivariate Analysis Summary for the Historical Experience of vi Economic Equality . 78 Table 5 Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for Historical Experiences influencing the Quaker Testimony of Community . 82 Table 6 Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for Historical Experiences influencing the Quaker Testimony of Equality . 85 Table 7 Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for Historical Experiences influencing the Quaker Testimony of Peace . 87 vii CHAPTER 1 Introduction The Religious Society of Friends is a religious denomination that was founded in seventeenth-century England in the aftermath of the English Civil War. The Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers or Friends, was established in 1647 by an English shepherd and shoemaker named George Fox, who appealed to all individuals to yield to the Light of Christ and seek pureness within their hearts and intentions. The principle theological teachings of Quakerism emphasized that the Light of Christ was inherent within all individuals, which enabled them to experience “leadings” of conscience, which facilitated the development of ethical practices, known as “testimonies,” among followers, including integrity within speech and actions, simplicity in dress and lifestyle, class and gender equality, and pacifism, which would.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 4 Fruits of the Spirit: Friends Testimonies
    NOTE TO FRIENDS: This draft is a revision of parts of chapters 4, 5, and 6 of the 1993 NPYM Faith and Practice, according to the new outline which gathers all material about a topic (description, quotations, advices, queries) into the same place in the book. This chapter “Fruits of the Spirit” deals with Quaker testimonies. Some parts of this chapter are new to Faith and Practice, as requested by NPYM Friends: Integrity, Harmony with Creation, “Be Not Afraid,” plus new material in Community and Stewardship. Comments or questions about specific additions, deletions, or changes appear in [[italics in double square brackets]]. These comments will not appear in the final version of Faith and Practice. 4 Fruits of the Spirit: Friends Testimonies [[Note to Friends: these introductory paragraphs are new to Faith and Practice.]] Testimonies are fruits of the Spirit marking directions for our lives. On one level, testimonies can be seen as values or principles of morality. On a deeper level, what Friends call “testimonies” are the result of being changed by direct interaction with Transcendent Reality. Transformation from worldly to spiritual—our journey into Light—is the result of an encounter with the Spirit and of our response to that encounter. Learning a moral code will not in itself make us good. Stories, histories, and journals can help us understand how to act rightly in the world. But it is only when we are drawn to the good and have internalized it—as opposed to merely understanding it—are we able to be good. Friends traditionally describe personal transformation as a gradual development over a lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Faith and Practice at a Quaker School
    Faith and Practice at a Quaker School Faith and Practice at a Quaker School Be patterns, be examples in all countries, places, islands, nations, wherever you come, that your carriage and life may preach among all sorts of people, and to them: then you will come to walk cheerfully over the world, answering that of God in every one. George Fox, 1656 “Membra Sumus Corporis Magni” We are all members of a great body. © Graham Ralph 2013 © Illustrations, Harvey Herman 2013 ISBN 978 1 904446 50 7 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Graham Ralph 2013 Faith and Practice at a Quaker School Published and printed by Quacks Books 7 Grape Lane Petergate York YO1 7HU iv This document has been written and compiled by Graham Ralph, a teacher at Bootham School, 1980 – 2012. Illustrations by Harvey Herman, Bootham Old Scholar. Thanks to the many people who encouraged me to compile this document; to Jenny Bailey who did her best to tidy up the text; to Jonathan Taylor who supported me in taking the sabbatical term to do it and the whole Bootham community who did all my work whilst I was away enjoying myself. The publication of this book was aided by financial contributions from Bootham School, Quaker Outreach in Yorkshire and the Sessions Book Trust. v vi Contents 1 Introduction 3 Meeting for Worship 9 The Responsibility of the Individual 13 Truth and Integrity 19 Equality 23 Peace and Conflict 29 Simplicity 33 Service 39 Stewardship 45 Decision Making 51 Learning 57 Living in a Caring Community 61 Some dates in Bootham History 63 Quaker Terms 69 Quaker Meetings / Membership 71 References vii viii Introduction A central belief of Quakers is that there is that of God in everyone, and the searching for that within ourselves and others leads us to experience the truth and the light of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaker Affirmations 1
    SSttuuddeenntt NNootteebbooookk ffir r A m e a k t A Course i a of Study for o u n Q Young Friends Suggested for Grades 6 - 9 Developed by: First Friends Meeting 3030 Kessler Boulevard East Drive Indianapolis, IN 46220-2913 317.255.2485 [email protected] wwQw.indyfriends.org QQuuaakkeerr AAffffiirrmmaattiioonn:: AA CCoouurrssee ooff SSttuuddyy ffoorr YYoouunngg FFrriieennddss Course Conception and Development: QRuth Ann Hadley Tippin - Pastor, First Friends Meeting Beth Henricks - Christian Education & Family Ministry Director Writer & Editor: Vicki Wertz Consultants: Deb Hejl, Jon Tippin Pre- and Post-Course Assessment: Barbara Blackford Quaker Affirmation Class Committee: Ellie Arle Heather Arle David Blackford Amanda Cordray SCuagrogl eDsonteahdu efor Jim Kartholl GraJedde Ksa y5 - 9 First Friends Meeting 3030 Kessler Boulevard East Drive Indianapolis, IN 46220-2913 317.255.2485 [email protected] www.indyfriends.org ©2015 December 15, 2015 Dear Friend, We are thrilled with your interest in the Quaker Affirmation program. Indianapolis First Friends Meeting embarked on this journey over three years ago. We moved from a hope and dream of a program such as this to a reality with a completed period of study when eleven of our youth were affirmed by our Meeting in June 2015. This ten-month program of study and experience was created for our young people to help them explore their spirituality, discover their identity as Quakers and to inform them of Quaker history, faith and practice. While Quakers do not confirm creeds or statements made for them at baptism, etc, we felt it important that young people be informed and af - firmed in their understanding of who they are as Friends.
    [Show full text]
  • Evangelical Friend, February 1973 (Vol. 6, No. 6)
    Digital Commons @ George Fox University Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends Church Evangelical Friend (Quakers) 2-1973 Evangelical Friend, February 1973 (Vol. 6, No. 6) Evangelical Friends Alliance Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/nwym_evangelical_friend Recommended Citation Evangelical Friends Alliance, "Evangelical Friend, February 1973 (Vol. 6, No. 6)" (1973). Evangelical Friend. 92. https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/nwym_evangelical_friend/92 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends Church (Quakers) at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Evangelical Friend by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. February 1973 Vol. VI, No. 6 l!fuvEJT IN THE BEAUTIFUL NORTHWEST LIFE is what George Fox College is all about. Academic LIFE of the highest quality. Spiritual LIFE of vigorous vitality. Social LIFE with meaningful relationships. A total campus LIFE that is Christocentric. If you desire to live a life of meaningful relationships now while preparing for a greater service to God and mankind . .. then George Fox College, a private Christian College in Newberg, Oregon, is the place. Clip this coupon for more information Send to: NAME __________________________________________ ADDRESS _____________________________________ Admissions Office ----------------------------------- ZIP _________ GEORGE FOX COLLEGE YEAR IN SCHOOL _____ Newberg, Oregon 97132 PHONE ________________ 2 Evangelical Friend Evangelical Friend Contents Editor-in-Chief: Jack L. Willcuts Managing Editor: Harlow Ankeny Editorial Assistants: Earl P. Barker, Kelsey E and Rachel Hinshaw Art Director: Stan Putman. Department Editors: Esther Hess, Mission­ ary Voice; Betty Hockett, Children's Page; Walter P.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaker Thought and Life Today
    Quaker Thought and Life Today JUNE 1, 1964 NUMBER 11 .. Quakerism and Creed by Alfred S. Roberts, Jr. f!l, U A.KERISM cannot The Pursuit of Truth in a Quaker prove that there is that of God in every man; it can only College say that when men behave as by Homer D. Babbidge, Jr. though there were, the weight of evidence amply justifies the belief. It cannot prove that love will solve all problems; it can only note that love has The Civil Rights Revolution a much better record than by John De J. Pemberton, Jr. hate. -CARL F. WISE The Little Ones Shall Lead Them by Stanley C. Marshall THIRTY CENTS $5.00 A YEAR ' ' Letter from Costa Rica-Letter from the Past . • 242 FRIENDS JOURNAL June 1, 1964 FRIENDS JOURNAL UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE Lucky Money *HE newest project of the AFSC's Children's Program T is the Happiness Holiday Kit, which gives basic in­ formation about the Committee's Hong Kong day nurs­ ery. The Kit contains, along with other materials, bright red and gold envelopes for "Lucky Money" to assist the Published semimonthly, on the first and fifteenth of each month, at 1515 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Quakers in their work with Hong Kong children and 19102, by Friends Publlshlng Corporation (LO 3-7669). mothers. This project, launched in the fall of 1963, al­ FRANCES WILLIAMS BROWIN Editor ready has brought in more than $3000 for the AFSC's ETHAN A. NEVIN WILLIAM HUBBEN Assistant Editor Contributing Editor work in Hong Kong.
    [Show full text]
  • Kelly Rae Chi a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of North
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository THE MOTIVATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF LIVING SIMPLY IN A CONSUMING SOCIETY Kelly Rae Chi A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Professor Jan Johnson Yopp, adviser Professor Barbara Friedman, reader Professor Stephen Birdsall, reader ©2008 Kelly Rae Chi ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT KELLY R. CHI: The Motivations and Challenges of Living Simply in a Consuming Society (Under the direction of Jan Yopp, Barbara Friedman and Stephen Birdsall) Voluntary simplicity, a cultural movement that focuses on buying less and working less, blossomed in the mid-1990s as increasing numbers of Americans voiced dissatisfaction with excessive consumerism and working long hours. While the movement is not formalized today, many Americans do live simply, according to some of the simplicity literature. Practices range from buying only environmentally friendly products, following religious guidelines, or living in communal settings. Though the weakening U.S. economy makes simplicity an attractive or necessary way of life, the daily lives of simplifiers are underreported in the mainstream media. Since 2003, newspaper articles on simplicity have diminished, and existing articles lack context on the varied motivations and challenges of the simplicity movement and how some Americans live simply. This thesis and its series of articles aims to fill that gap by looking at simplicity research as well as the stories of local people in family and community settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Wading Deeper Into the Ocean of Light
    1 Wading Deeper into the Ocean of Light Handbook New Haven Monthly Meeting Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) New Haven Friends Meeting Wading Deeper 2020 2 CONTENTS Welcome page 3 Handy Information page 4 Quaker Faith: What Do Friends Believe? page 6 Historic Roots: Where Quakers Come From page 6 Friends’ Values and Beliefs page 6 Quaker Testimonies page 6 Quaker Practice: Structure of the Religious Society of Friends page 9 Monthly, Quarterly, and Yearly Meetings page 9 Overview of New Haven Monthly Meeting page 10 History of the New Haven Meeting page 10 Membership page 10 Requesting membership page 10 Committees and their Roles page 11 Officers and their Roles page 13 Other Functions page 14 Clearness Committees page 14 Seeker Sessions page 14 First Day School for Children page 15 Adult Study page 15 Financial support for Quaker activities page 15 Pastoral Care Guidelines page 15 The Wider Quaker World page 19 Quaker Organizations in North America page 19 Friends Organizations Worldwide page 20 How Can You Learn More about Quakerism? page 22 How Can You Get More Involved? page 23 Glossary of Useful Quaker Words and Phrases page 25 Published by the Committee on Ministry and Counsel, New Haven Friends Meeting (2020 Revision) Testimonies from "Meeting the Spirit" an introduction to QuaKer beliefs and practices by FWCC Europe and Middle East Section. QuaKer Splits and Organizations from FGC pamphlet Please send corrections and suggestions to the Ministry and Counsel Committee. New Haven Friends Meeting Wading Deeper 2020 3 WELCOME ALL to the New Haven, CT Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) Worship and Ministry At our Meeting for Worship, Friends gather in silent prayer, to listen, to meditate, and to wait while seeking divine guidance and understanding.
    [Show full text]
  • FWN 172.Qxd 24/04/2013 10:53 Page 1
    FWN 172.qxd 24/04/2013 10:53 Page 1 Number 172 2010/1 Friends World News The Bulletin of the Friends World Committee for Consultation Friends World Committee for Consultation Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) FWN 172.qxd 24/04/2013 10:53 Page 2 Page 2 Friends World News 2010/1 From the World Office Threads It takes a variety of threads to make fabric and FWCC Friends have to say on the spiritual dimensions of is fabric in the making. Right now the major threads this global issue? Regional coordinators are being iden- are planning for the World Conference in 2012 and tified, and in the meantime, clusters may take place at activating the cluster process of our consultation on any time. Funding permitting, more yearly meetings Friends' responses to global change. Both are getting can receive staff support locally. Responses are stronger, more colourful, more textured – and more being gathered on the website: www.fwccglob- entwined. It is exciting to watch this fabric take alchange.org. shape. FWCC has numerous other threads, some more vis- Yearly meetings have been asked to designate their ible than others. These are called Quaker UN work in allotted delegates to the world conference by the end New York, Geneva and Vienna, international mem- of this year. The International Planning Committee, bership for isolated individuals and growing groups, co-clerked by Elizabeth Gates of Philadelphia YM and continuing networking among Friends organisa- and Pradip Lamachhane of Nepal YM, has met at the tions and yearly meetings. site Kabarak University near Nakuru, Kenya and developed a structure for the programme centred With this fabric coming into being, FWCC is becoming around worship and our experiences of the theme: more visible to new faces in the Quaker world.
    [Show full text]
  • Quakers Living Adventurously: the Library and Archives of the Society of Friends Transcript
    Quakers Living Adventurously: The Library and Archives of the Society of Friends Transcript Date: Wednesday, 23 January 2013 - 1:00PM Location: Barnard's Inn Hall 23 January 2013 Quakers Living Adventurously: The Library and Archives of the Society of Friends David Blake In this lecture I aim to do two main things: To tell you something about the history of the Library of the Society of Friends over almost 340 years and to talk about some of the things Quakers have done, illustrating them with materials held by the Library. But first I will talk briefly about the Society – say something about its name, tell you about its foundation and add just a little about what Quakerism is. However, I don’t consider myself to be an expert on this and the focus of this lecture will be very much on the library. The Formation of the Society and its Early History First, then, the name of the Society. The official name is the Religious Society of Friends in Britain, but to many people it is known simply as the Society of Friends. The word ‘Quaker’, which comes from the tendency of early Friends to shake as they worshipped, springs more easily off the tongue and indeed, if you look at our website you will see the banner ‘Quakers in Britain’. But Quakers - despite being very modern in many ways, witness their views on same sex marriage – seem to like tradition and you will hear the terms Quaker and Friend used all the time and interchangeably. Many names have been retained: the Chief Executive is still known as the Recording Clerk and one of the main bodies remains the Meeting for Sufferings.
    [Show full text]
  • Workshop 4. Simplicity YQ
    October 10th, 2020 Friends World Committee for Consultation Young Friends Worldwide for Climate Action, Peace, and Justice This was the fourth session of the Young Friends Worldwide for Climate Action, Peace, and Justice Online Workshop Series. This time, we explored simplicity, and how it has influenced young Quakers to act for a sustainable world. We had a chance to hear from two speakers; Clara from the FWCC sections of the Americas and Reza from Indonesia, in the Asia West Pacific Section of FWCC. We then split into zoom breakout rooms and had discussions reflecting on the words of our speakers, and asking how we feel the Quaker testimony of ‘simplicity’ informs our own lives. Firstly, we heard from Reza, a Friend in Indonesia. Reza talked about how the idea of fasting inspired him that living within our means is possible to save the planet and the future generations from the scourge of climate change. It is important not to take more than we need. We then heard from Clara. Clara expressed how her simple actions are motivated by policy and systems change. She has organised a petition against oil drilling and she has understood how important it is to use lobbying to influence policy change. She expressed that it is within the powers of everybody to lobby, but that not many people understand that they have that power. She learnt about her own power to lobby from her time with the Friends Committee on National Legislation (FCNL) in the US. Clara expressed her thoughts on how global consumerism influenced, by a capitalistic mindset, is the root cause of the current global climate crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism Edited by Stephen W
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13660-1 — The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism Edited by Stephen W. Angell , Pink Dandelion Frontmatter More Information THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO QUAKERISM The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism offers a fresh, up-to-date, and acces- sible introduction to Quakerism. Quakerism is founded on radical ideas and its history of constancy and change offers fascinating insights into the nature of nonconformity. In a series of eighteen essays written by an international team of scholars, and commissioned especially for this volume, the Companion covers the history of Quakerism from its origins to the present day. Employing a range of methodologies, it features sections on the History of Quaker Faith and Practice, Expressions of Quaker Faith, Regional Studies, and Emerging Spiritualities. It also examines all branches of Quakerism, including evangelical, liberal, and conservative, as well as non-theist Quakerism and convergent Quaker thought. This Companion will serve as an essential resource for all interested in Quaker thought and practice. Stephen W. Angell is Leatherock Professor of Quaker Studies at the Earlham School of Religion. He has published extensively in the areas of Quaker Studies and African-American Religious Studies. Pink Dandelion directs the work of the Centre for Research in Quaker Studies, Woodbrooke, and is Professor of Quaker Studies at the University of Birmingham and a Research Fellow at Lancaster University. He is the author and editor of a number of books, most recently (with Stephen Angell) Early Quakers and Their Theological Thought. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13660-1 — The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism Edited by Stephen W.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Fruits of the Spirit: Friends Testimonies
    NOTE TO FRIENDS: This draft is a revision of parts of chapters 4, 5, and 6 of the 1993 NPYM Faith and Practice, according to the new outline which gathers all material about a topic (description, quotations, advices, queries) into the same place in the book. This chapter “Fruits of the Spirit” deals with Quaker testimonies. Some parts of this chapter are new to Faith and Practice, as requested by NPYM Friends: Integrity, Harmony with Creation, “Be Not Afraid,” plus new material in Community and Stewardship. Comments or questions about specific additions, deletions, or changes appear in [[italics in double square brackets]]. These comments will not appear in the final version of Faith and Practice. 4 Fruits of the Spirit: Friends Testimonies [[Note to Friends: these introductory paragraphs are new to Faith and Practice.]] Testimonies are fruits of the Spirit marking directions for our lives. On one level, testimonies can be seen as values or principles of morality. On a deeper level, what Friends call “testimonies” are the result of being changed by direct interaction with Transcendent Reality. Transformation from worldly to spiritual—our journey into Light—is the result of an encounter with the Spirit and of our response to that encounter. Learning a moral code will not in itself make us good. Stories, histories, and journals can help us understand how to act rightly in the world. But it is only when we are drawn to the good and have internalized it—as opposed to merely understanding it—are we able to be good. Friends traditionally describe personal transformation as a gradual development over a lifetime.
    [Show full text]