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Hungarians and Rumanians in the Torrents of History
Hungarians and Rumanians in the Torrents of History Translated from a Hungarian translation of the original Rumanian text Romani si Maghiari in Vartejul Istoriei By Alain Du Nay Editura Matthias Corvinus Buffalo, Toronto 2001 Translator: Bogsányi Dénes HUNGARIANS AND RUMANIANS IN THE TORRENTS OF HISTORY 1 ROMANI SI MAGHIARI IN VARTEJUL ISTORIEI 1 RUMANIANS AND HUNGARIANS IN THE TORRENTS OF HISTORY 5 By Alain Du Nay 5 INTRODUCTION 5 1. THE ETHNOGENESIS OF THE RUMANIAN LANGUAGE AND PEOPLE 5 The Emergence of the Rumanian Language 6 Changes to the Latin Language in the 5th - 7th Centuries 7 Albanian Contacts 7 Homes of the Ancestors of the Albanians 8 Rumanian Dialects 8 The Balkan Linguistic Community 8 Slav Influence on the Rumanian Language 9 Vlachs in Serbian Documents (12th - 15th Centuries) 9 2. HOW DID THE POPULATION OF TRANSYLVANIA DEVELOP? 10 3. THE FIRST RUMANIAN KENEZSHIPS ON THE SNOWY PLAINS 12 4. THE MONGOL INVASION 12 5. THE RUMANIANS 13 The Number of the Rumanian Population in Transylvania 14 6. FEUDALISM 14 7.THE REBELLION OF THE SERFS IN 1437 - THE PACT OF KÁPOLNA 15 8. THE TURKS 15 János Hunyadi 15 The situation of the serfs in the Rumanian principalities during the Turkish reign. 17 9. THE INDEPENDENT PRINCIPALITY OF TRANSYLVANIA 17 Mihály Vitéz in Transylvania 18 10. AFTER THE EVICTION OF THE TURKS 22 11. THE RUMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES: THE ERA OF THE FANARIOTS 22 12. RELIGIOUS UNION IN THE HABSBURG EMPIRE 22 13. THE FREEDOM FIGHT OF FERENC RÁKÓCZI II 23 The Peril of Mádéfalva 23 2 14. PEASANT REVOLTS 23 The Condition of the Peasants in Europe 23 The Rumanians of Transylvania in the 18th Century 23 The Condition of the Peasants in Transylvania. -
Kulturális Identitás És Alteritás Az Időben
KULTURÁLIS IDENTITÁS ÉS ALTERITÁS AZ IDŐBEN SPECULUM HISTORIAE DEBRECENIENSE 16. (A Debreceni Egyetem Történelmi Intézete Kiadványai) Sorozatszerkesztő: PAPP KLÁRA Kulturális identitás és alteritás az időben SZERKESZTETTE: PIELDNER JUDIT, PAP LEVENTE, TAPODI ZSUZSA, FORISEK PÉTER és PAPP KLÁRA Debrecen, 2013 A DEBRECENI EGYETEM TÖRTÉNELMI INTÉZETE KIADÁSA A borítót tervezte: GYARMATI IMRE grafikus A kötetet lektorálta: OROSZ ISTVÁN professor emeritus Technikai szerkesztő: HERMÁN ZSUZSANNA A kötet kiadását támogatta: a Debreceni Egyetem Történelmi Intézete, a Debreceni Egyetem Történelmi és Néprajzi Doktori Iskolája. A kötet a Kutatási Programok Intézete által támogatott csoportos IMAGOLÓGIAI KUTATÁSOK keretében készült. A publikációk elkészítését és a publikációk megjelentetését a TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/20100024 számú projekt támogatta. A projekt az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósult meg. ISSN 2060-9213 ISBN 978-963-473-631-8 © Debreceni Egyetem Történelmi Intézete © Szerzők Nyomta a Kapitális Kft., Debrecen Felelős vezető: Kapusi József TARTALOM ELŐSZÓ ........................................................................................................................ 7 MÁSSÁGKÉP ÉS TÁRSADALOM PAPP KLÁRA: Görög és zsidó kereskedők a 18. századi Bihar vármegyében a tanúvallomási jegyzőkönyvek tükrében ............................................................... 11 KÓNYA ANNAMÁRIA: Evangélikusok és reformátusok együttélése Felső- Magyarországon a kora újkorban .......................................................................... -
Atrocities Against Hungarians (Pdf)
Atrocities against Hungarians A historical review (Anti-Hungarian sentiment, which was recently displayed by some main European media and at the latest session of the European Parliament is somehow just a continuation of a long historical trend as can be seen in the following article). It may be traced back to the Mongol-Tartar invasion of 1241-1242, led by Batu Khan, which decimated the population of the Kingdom of Hungary. In response, King Béla IV (1235-1270) developed the policy of bringing in settlers (immigrants) from neighboring countries thereby breaking down the homogeneous ethnic Hungarian character of the kingdom. This situation further deteriorated, when central Hungary was freed from 150 years of Ottoman Turkish occupation (1526-1686) that seriously reduced the Hungarian population within the Carpathian Basin. The Habsburg rulers, for fear of a strong Hungary, resettled the decimated central and southern areas of the country, not with Hungarians from other parts of the kingdom, but by bringing in Germans, Serbs and Vlachs (Romanians). This multi-ethnic situation sowed the seeds of future ethnic clashes that have become increasingly serious in more recent times and have became exacerbated by the political situation brought about by the peace treaties following World Wars I and II. The resulting atrocities against Hungarians are presented here region by region. (1) Northern Hungary (former Hungarian Felvidék, now Slovakia). Slovaks sparsely populated the forest areas of the Northern Carpathian Mountains at the time of the Hungarian settlement period (895). A Turkish traveler reported in the 16th century that Hungarian was spoken as far north as the town of Nyitra (now Nitra, Slovakia). -
Autonomies in Hungary and Europe
Autonomies in Hungary and Europe A COMPARATIVE STUDY By Józsa Hévizi The Regional and Ecclesiastic Autonomy of the Minorities and Nationality Groups CORVINUS SOCIETY 2004 Second Enlarged Edition Title of the First Edition: Regional and Ecclesiastical Autonomy in Historic Hungary Reviewed by: Dr. Ildikó Lipcsey Dr. Lajos Arday Translated By Thomas J. DeKornfeld Thanks to my mother for help, and to Szabolcs Magyarody, whose initiative was written this work. English Text Reviewed and Edited By Helen D. Hiltabidle Wrapper: Perhács Lászlóné Back, maps: dr. Ottófi Rudolf Art by Marta Buda PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES ISBNxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Library of Congress Catalog Card Number xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Table of Contents Foreword 5 The Justification of Autonomy 7 Regional Autonomy in the Kingdom of Hungary (1000-1920) 11 The Székelys (and Csángós) 12 The Csángó-Hungarians living in Moldavia 16 The Pechenegs 17 The Cumans and Jazygians 18 The Transylvanian Saxons 22 The Szepesség (Zips) Saxons 25 The Croats 26 Ecclesiastic Autonomy 32 The Romanians 38 The Serbs 42 The Slovaks 50 The Ruthenians 57 The Greeks 63 The Armenians 65 The Germans and Swabians 67 European Minority Policies and Practices in the Past 68 France 69 Bretagne 70 Alsace 71 Corsica 72 Spain 74 Belgium 77 Switzerland 79 Italy 81 South Tyrol 81 Sweden 83 Norway 84 Finland 85 Russia 88 Jews 88 Baltic Nations 88 Byelorussians and Ukrainians 89 Smaller nationalities 89 Crimean Tartars 90 Hungarians and Ruthenians in the Kárpátalja 97 Poland 99 Post-Trianon Hungary 103 The Czech -
Hungarians of Romania
Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) MINORITIES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE Hungarians of Romania Acknowledgements This report was prepared in cooperation with the Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center (EDRC). It was researched and written by Cathy O’Grady, Zoltán Kántor and Daniela Tarnovschi, Researchers of CEDIME-SE and EDRC. It was edited by Panayote Dimitras, Director of CEDIME-SE; Nafsika Papanikolatos, Coordinator of CEDIME- SE; Caroline Law, English Language Editors of CEDIME-SE, Rita Moore and Ioana Bianca Rusu, English Language Editors of EDRC. CEDIME-SE and EDRC would like to express their deep appreciation to the external reviewers of this report, Levente Salat, Executive President of EDRC, Anna-Mária Biró, Project Manager for Central and Eastern Europe of Minority Rights Group International, Klára Walter, Reviewer of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania, Ovidiu Pecican, Reader at Babeş- Bolyai University, Cluj, Faculty of European Studies, Iudith Páll, dr. Lecturer at Babeş- Bolyai University, Cluj, Faculty of History and Philosophy, and Lucian Nastasă, Researcher at the Romanian Academy. CEDIME-SE and EDRC would also like to thank all persons who generously provided information and/or documents, and/or gave interviews to their researchers. The responsibility for the report’s content, though, lies only with CEDIME-SE. We welcome all comments sent to: [email protected]. 1 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS State Romania Name (in English, in the dominant language and, if different, in the minority language): English – Hungarian, Magyar; Romanian – Maghiar, Ungur; Hungarian – Magyar. Is there any form of recognition of the minority? Hungarians are recognised by the Constitution of Romania (henceforth: the Constitution) (Art.