DOCSLIB.ORG

Species Status Assessment CANADA LYNX

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Species Status Assessment CANADA LYNX Species Status Assessment for the CANADA LYNX (Lynx canadensis) Contiguous United States Distinct Population Segment Photo by Keith Williams Version 1.0 - Final October 2017 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 1, 3, 5 and 6 Recommended Citation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2017. Species Status Assessment for the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) Contiguous United States Distinct Population Segment. Version 1.0, October, 2017. Lakewood, Colorado. Credits This SSA report was produced by the Canada Lynx Species Status Assessment Team (Lynx SSA Team), which consists of a Core Team of Service biologists who work on lynx conservation across the DPS range and an SSA Framework Implementation Team of Service and U.S. Geological Survey staff who have developed and advanced the SSA framework. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lynx SSA Core Team Jim Zelenak (Lead), Region 6, Montana Ecological Services Field Office: Chapters/sections - Executive Summary, 1, 2, 3.1, 3.4, 6, and Units 3 and 5 Mark McCollough (Co-lead), Region 5, Maine Ecological Services Field Office: Sections - 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, and Unit 1 Kurt Broderdorp, Region 6, Western Colorado Ecological Services Field Office: Unit 6 Bryon Holt, Region 1, Northern Idaho Ecological Services Field Office: Unit 4 Tamara Smith, Region 3, Minnesota-Wisconsin Ecological Services Field Office: Unit 2 All Core Team members participated in development of conceptual models and reviewed and provided comments/edits on other sections of the SSA report. All members also helped identify and contact lynx expert panelist candidates and other subject matter experts and contributed to expert elicitation and the report of the Expert Elicitation Workshop (see Acknowledgments). SSA Framework Implementation Team Heather Bell, USFWS Headquarters, Ecological Services, Division of Restoration and Recovery Mary Parkin, USFWS Region 5, Endangered Species Recovery Coordinator Justin Shoemaker, USFWS Region 6, Classification and Recovery Biologist Jonathan Cummings, USGS - Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Research Ecologist The Framework Implementation Team (FIT) developed and facilitated the expert elicitation process. J. Cummings compiled, analyzed, graphed, and summarized the information generated via expert elicitation and created, with Core and FIT input, conceptual models presented in section 1.3. All FIT members contributed to the Executive Summary and sections 1.2 and 1.3, and all provided technical review and editing of other parts of the report. Administrative and Technical Support: Marigaye Bissell, Barbara Chavez, Kaimy Marks, and Karen Newlon, Montana Ecological Services Field Office. i Acknowledgments This report relies heavily on the input and professional opinions provided by a panel of 10 recognized lynx experts and captured during a formal Expert Elicitation Workshop held in Bloomington, Minnesota, October 13-15, 2015. Several other recognized lynx experts from Canada and the contiguous United States were invited but unable to participate. The workshop also was supported by and benefitted from the participation and presentations of other recognized experts in the fields of snowshoe hare ecology, lynx genetics, forest ecology, climate change modeling, and Federal lynx habitat management. Canada Lynx Expert Panel Members (alphabetically) Jeff Bowman, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, University of Trent, Ontario Susan Catton, USDA Forest Service - Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN Jake Ivan, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Department of Natural Resources, Fort Collins, CO Jay Kolbe, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, White Sulphur Springs, MT Benjamin Maletzke, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA Kevin McKelvey, USDA Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT Ron Moen, University of Minnesota, Natural Resources Research Institute, Duluth, MN Erin Simons-Legaard, University of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Orono, ME John Squires, USDA Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT Jennifer Vashon, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Bangor, ME Canada Lynx Expert Elicitation Workshop Presenters (alphabetically) Lee Frelich, University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology, St. Paul, MN Karen Hodges, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC Canada Scott Jackson, USDA Forest Service - National Carnivore Program Leader, Missoula, MT Josh Lawler, University of Washington School of Environmental & Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA Michael Schwartz, USDA Forest Service - National Genomics Center for Wildlife & Fish Conservation, Missoula, MT Alexej Siren, DOI Northeast Climate Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Chad Wilsey, National Audubon Society, San Francisco, CA The Canada Lynx Expert Elicitation Workshop Report can be found here: https://www.fws.gov/mountain- prairie/es/species/mammals/lynx/SSA2016/Appendices/2016%2004%2018%20FINAL%20Lynx %20SSA%20EE%20Workshop%20Report%202%20jzeds.pdf Report appendices, expert presentations, and other supporting materials can be found under the “Species Status Assessment (SSA)” tab at: https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/canadaLynx.php ii This report also relies heavily on the Interagency Lynx Biology Team’s Canada Lynx Conservation Assessment and Strategy, 3rd Edition, August 2013: Interagency Lynx Biology Team. 2013. Canada lynx conservation assessment and strategy. 3rd edition. USDA Forest Service, USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, and USDI National Park Service. Forest Service Publication R1-13-19, Missoula, MT. 128 pp. http://www.fs.fed.us/biology/resources/pubs/wildlife/LCAS_revisedAugust2013.pdf. All Lynx SSA Core Team members participated in development and review of the revised LCAS. iii Table of Contents Credits .........................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Introduction ..............................................................................................................11 1.1 Background .....................................................................................................................11 1.2 SSA Framework and Report ............................................................................................14 1.3 Analytical Approach and Methods ...................................................................................16 1.4 Uncertainties and Assumptions .......................................................................................21 Chapter 2: Lynx Ecology ...........................................................................................................23 2.1 Species Taxonomy, Description, and Genetics ................................................................23 2.2 Life History and Population Dynamics .............................................................................26 2.2.1 Ecological Requirements of Individuals .....................................................................32 2.2.2 Ecological Requirements of Populations and the DPS ..............................................36 2.3 Historical and Current Lynx Distribution ...........................................................................38 2.3.1 Lynx Distribution and Status in Canada and Alaska ..................................................38 2.3.2 Lynx Distribution in the Contiguous United States .....................................................39 2.3.2.1 Defining Lynx Distribution at the Periphery of the Range ....................................39 2.3.2.2 Lynx Distribution within the DPS Range ..............................................................42 Chapter 3: Factors Influencing Viability of the DPS ...................................................................51 3.1 Regulatory Mechanisms ..................................................................................................52 3.1.1 Federal Regulatory Mechanisms ...............................................................................52 3.1.2 State Regulations and Tribal Management................................................................58 3.2 Climate Change ...............................................................................................................66 3.3 Vegetation Management ..................................................................................................83 3.4 Wildland Fire Management ..............................................................................................92 3.5 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation ......................................................................................96 Chapter 4: Current Conditions ................................................................................................. 105 4.1 Summary of Current Conditions DPS-wide ....................................................................106 4.1.1 Summaries of Current Conditions in Each Geographic Unit ....................................108 4.2 Current Conditions - Detailed Descriptions by Geographic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MINNESOTA MUSTELIDS Young
    By Blane Klemek MINNESOTA MUSTELIDS Young Naturalists the Slinky,Stinky Weasel family ave you ever heard anyone call somebody a weasel? If you have, then you might think Hthat being called a weasel is bad. But weasels are good hunters, and they are cunning, curious, strong, and fierce. Weasels and their relatives are mammals. They belong to the order Carnivora (meat eaters) and the family Mustelidae, also known as the weasel family or mustelids. Mustela means weasel in Latin. With 65 species, mustelids are the largest family of carnivores in the world. Eight mustelid species currently make their homes in Minnesota: short-tailed weasel, long-tailed weasel, least weasel, mink, American marten, OTTERS BY DANIEL J. COX fisher, river otter, and American badger. Minnesota Conservation Volunteer May–June 2003 n e MARY CLAY, DEMBINSKY t PHOTO ASSOCIATES r mammals a WEASELS flexible m Here are two TOM AND PAT LEESON specialized mustelid feet. b One is for climb- ou can recognize a ing and the other for hort-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea), long- The long-tailed weasel d most mustelids g digging. Can you tell tailed weasels (M. frenata), and least weasels eats the most varied e food of all weasels. It by their tubelike r which is which? (M. nivalis) live throughout Minnesota. In also lives in the widest Ybodies and their short Stheir northern range, including Minnesota, weasels variety of habitats and legs. Some, such as badgers, hunting. Otters and minks turn white in winter. In autumn, white hairs begin climates across North are heavy and chunky. Some, are excellent swimmers that hunt to replace their brown summer coat.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 5 of the 2020 Antelope, Deer and Elk Regulations
    WYOMING GAME AND FISH COMMISSION Antelope, 2020 Deer and Elk Hunting Regulations Don't forget your conservation stamp Hunters and anglers must purchase a conservation stamp to hunt and fish in Wyoming. (See page 6) See page 18 for more information. wgfd.wyo.gov Wyoming Hunting Regulations | 1 CONTENTS Access on Lands Enrolled in the Department’s Walk-in Areas Elk or Hunter Management Areas .................................................... 4 Hunt area map ............................................................................. 46 Access Yes Program .......................................................................... 4 Hunting seasons .......................................................................... 47 Age Restrictions ................................................................................. 4 Characteristics ............................................................................. 47 Antelope Special archery seasons.............................................................. 57 Hunt area map ..............................................................................12 Disabled hunter season extension.............................................. 57 Hunting seasons ...........................................................................13 Elk Special Management Permit ................................................. 57 Characteristics ..............................................................................13 Youth elk hunters........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Food Habits of Black Bears in Suburban Versus Rural Alabama
    Food Habits of Black Bears in Suburban versus Rural Alabama Laura Garland, Auburn University, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849 Connor Ellis, 18832 #1 Gulf Boulevard Indian Shores, FL 33785 Todd Steury, Auburn University, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849 Abstract: Little is known about the food habits of black bears (Ursus americanus) in Alabama. A major concern is the amount of human influence in the diet of these bears as human and bear populations continue to expand in a finite landscape and bear-human interactions are increasing. To better understand dietary habits of bears, 135 scats were collected during late August to late November 2011–2014. Food items were classified into the cat- egories of fruit, nuts/seeds, insects, anthropogenic, animal hairs, fawn bones, and other. Plant items were classified down to the lowest possible taxon via visual and DNA analysis as this category composed the majority of scat volumes. Frequency of occurrence was calculated for each food item. The most commonly occurring foods included: Nyssa spp. (black gum, 25.2%), Poaceae family (grass, 24.5%), Quercus spp. (acorn, 22.4%), and Vitis spp. (muscadine grape, 8.4%). Despite the proximity of these bear populations to suburban locations, during our sampling period we found that their diet primarily comprised vegetation, not anthropogenic food; while 100% of scat samples contained vegetation, only 19.6% of scat samples contained corn and no other anthropogenic food sources were detected. Based on a Fisher’s exact test, dietary composition did not differ between bears living in subur- ban areas compared to bears occupying more rural areas (P = 0.3891).
    [Show full text]
  • Species Assessment for the Humboldt Marten (Martes Americana Humboldtensis)
    Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office Species Assessment for the Humboldt Marten (Martes americana humboldtensis) R. Hamlin, L. Roberts, G. Schmidt, K. Brubaker and R. Bosch Photo credit: Six Rivers National Forest Endangered Species Program U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office 1655 Heindon Road Arcata, California 95521 (707) 822-7201 www.fws.gov/arcata September 2010 i The suggested citation for this report is: Hamlin, R., L. Roberts, G. Schmidt, K. Brubaker and R. Bosch 2010. Species assessment for the Humboldt marten (Martes americana humboldtensis). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office, Arcata, California. 34 + iv pp. ii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 1 Species Description ................................................................................................... 1 Taxonomy.................................................................................................................. 1 Life History ............................................................................................................... 4 Reproduction .................................................................................................. 5 Diet ................................................................................................................ 5 Home Range
    [Show full text]
  • American Marten (Martes Americana) Species Assessment Prepared For
    American Marten (Martes Americana) Species Assessment Prepared for the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forest September 2005 Prepared by Matt Vasquez1 with contributions by Leslie Spicer1, 2005 1 Biological Science Technician (Wildlife), Gunnison Ranger District Reviewed and Edited by Clay Speas, Forest Fisheries Biologist and Tom Holland, Forest Wildlife Biologist Cover photos taken by remote cameras at track plate and bait stations on the Gunnison Ranger District, Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forest. Last Revised: September 28, 2005 Page 1 of 23 Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forest American Marten (Martes Americana) Species Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 5 SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS .............................................................................................................. 5 HABITAT CRITERIA USED IN FOREST-WIDE HABITAT EVALUATION ................................... 6 2001 MIS Habitat Criteria...................................................................................................................... 6 Rationale ............................................................................................................................................... 6 2005 MIS Habitat Criteria...................................................................................................................... 6 Rationale ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Cost of Migratory Prey: Seasonal Changes in Semi-Domestic Reindeer Distribution Influences Breeding Success of Eurasian Lynx in Northern Norway
    The cost of migratory prey: seasonal changes in semi-domestic reindeer distribution influences breeding success of Eurasian lynx in northern Norway Zea Walton1, Jenny Mattisson2, John D. C. Linnell2, Audun Stien3 and John Odden2 1Dept of Forestry and Wilderness Management, Hedmark College, Koppang, Norway 2Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA), NO-7484 Trondheim, Norway 3Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway Corresponding author: Zea Walton, Dept of Forestry and Wilderness Management, Hedmark College, Koppang, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Decision date: 31-Aug-2016 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: [10.1111/oik.03374]. ‘This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.’ Accepted Article Accepted (Abstract) Migratory prey is a widespread phenomenon that has implications for predator–prey interactions. By creating large temporal variation in resource availability between seasons it becomes challenging for carnivores to secure a regular year-round supply of food. Some predators may respond by following their migratory prey, however, most predators are sedentary and experience strong seasonal variation in resource availability. Increased predation on alternative prey may dampen such seasonal resource fluctuations, but reduced reproduction rates in predators is a predicted consequence of migratory primary prey behavior that has received little empirical attention. We used data from 23 GPS collared Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx monitored during 2007–2013 in northern Norway, to examine how spatio-temporal variation in the migratory behavior of semi-domestic reindeer Rangifer tarandus influences lynx spatial organization and reproductive success using estimates of seasonal home range overlap and breeding success.
    [Show full text]
  • FISHER Pekania Pennanti
    WILDLIFE IN CONNECTICUT WILDLIFE FACT SHEET FISHER Pekania pennanti Background J. FUSCO © PAUL In the nineteenth century, fishers became scarce due to forest logging, clearing for agriculture, and overexploitation. By the 1900s, fishers were considered extirpated from the state. Reforestation and changes in land-use practices have restored the suitability of the fisher’s habitat in part of its historic range, allowing a population to recolonize the northeastern section of the state. Fishers did not recolonize suitable habitat in northwestern Connecticut, since the region was isolated from a source population. Fishers were rare in western Massachusetts, and the developed and agricultural habitats of the Connecticut River Valley were a barrier to westward expansion by fishers in northeastern Connecticut. A project to reintroduce this native mammal into northwestern Connecticut was initiated by the Wildlife Division in 1988. Funds from reimbursement of trapping wild turkeys in Connecticut for release in Maine were used to purchase fishers caught by cooperating trappers in New Hampshire and Vermont. In what is termed a "soft release," fishers were penned and fed at the release site for a couple of weeks prior to being released. Through radio and snow tracking, biologists later found that the fishers that were released in northwestern Connecticut had high survival rates and successfully reproduced. As a result of this project, a viable, self-sustaining population of this native mammal is now established in western Connecticut. Fishers found throughout eastern Connecticut are a result of natural range expansion. In 2005, Connecticut instituted its first modern day regulated trapping season for fishers. Most northern states have regulated fisher trapping seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Research Reports
    MAMMALS - JULY 2005 WILDLIFE RESEARCH REPORTS JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005 MAMMALS PROGRAM COLORADO DIVISION OF WILDLIFE Research Center, 317 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526 The Wildlife Reports contained herein represent preliminary analyses and are subject to change. For this reason, information MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED OR QUOTED without permission of the Author. STATE OF COLORADO Bill Owens, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Russell George, Executive Director WILDLIFE COMMISSION Jeffrey Crawford, Chair …………………………………………………………………….…..… Denver Tom Burke, Vice Chair ………………………………….…………...………….…........…Grand Junction Ken Torres, Secretary ……………………………………...…………….……………..……….... Weston Robert Bray………………………………………………….......................................................…Redvale Rick Enstrom………………………………………………………………….………….……...Lakewood Philip James …………………………………………………………………..….………….…Fort Collins Claire M. O’Neal………………………………………………..…………….………..…………..Holyoke Richard Ray ………………………………………………………………………………...Pagosa Springs Robert T. Shoemaker…………………………………………………………….………..…….Canon City Don Ament, Dept. of Ag, Ex-officio…………………………………………………….…….....Lakewood Russell George, Executive Director, Ex-officio……………………………………………..………Denver DIRECTOR’S STAFF Bruce McCloskey, Director Mark Konishi, Deputy Director-Education and Public Affairs Steve Cassin, Chief Financial Officer Jeff Ver Steeg, Assistant Director-Wildlife Programs John Bredehoft, Assistant Director-Field Operations Marilyn Salazar, Assistant Director-Support Services MAMMALS RESEARCH STAFF David Freddy,
    [Show full text]
  • Lynx, Felis Lynx, Predation on Red Foxes, Vulpes Vulpes, Caribou
    Lynx, Fe/is lynx, predation on Red Foxes, Vulpes vulpes, Caribou, Rangifer tarandus, and Dall Sheep, Ovis dalli, in Alaska ROBERT 0. STEPHENSON, 1 DANIEL V. GRANGAARD,2 and JOHN BURCH3 1Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99701 2Alaska Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 305, Tok, Alaska 99780 JNational Park Service, P.O. Box 9, Denali National Park, Alaska 99755 Stephenson, Robert 0., Daniel Y. Grangaard, and John Burch. 1991. Lynx, Fe/is lynx, predation on Red Foxes, Vulpes vulpes, Caribou, Rangifer tarandus, and Dall Sheep, Ovis dalli, in Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 105(2): 255- 262. Observations of Canada Lynx (Fe/is lynx) predation on Red Foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) and medium-sized ungulates during winter are reviewed. Characteristics of I 3 successful attacks on Red Foxes and 16 cases of predation on Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and Dall Sheep (Ovis dalli) suggest that Lynx are capable of killing even adults of these species, with foxes being killed most easily. The occurrence of Lynx predation on these relatively large prey appears to be greatest when Snowshoe Hares (Lepus americanus) are scarce. Key Words: Canada Lynx, Fe/is lynx, Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes, Caribou, Rangifer tarandus, Dall Sheep, Ovis dalli, predation, Alaska. Although the European Lynx (Felis lynx lynx) quently reach 25° C in summer and -10 to -40° C in regularly kills large prey (Haglund 1966; Pullianen winter. Snow depths are generally below 80 cm, 1981), the Canada Lynx (Felis lynx canadensis) and snow usually remains loosely packed except at relies largely on small game, primarily Snowshoe high elevations.
    [Show full text]
  • PICA Project Report (Action A2.2 & 2.3)
    PICA Project Report (Action A2.2 & 2.3) Investigation of Pallas’s cat activity patterns and temporal interactions with sympatric species Authors: Katarzyna Ruta, Gustaf Samelius, David Barclay, Emma Nygren PICA - “Conservation of the Pallas’s cat through capacity building, research, and global planning” 1. Introduction: 1.1 Activity patterns of wild felids: Activity patterns form a part of species’ adaptation to their environment (Beltran & Delibes, 1994) and are therefore a fundamental aspect of animal behaviour (Nielsen, 1983; Weller & Bennett, 2001). Felids are generally considered to be crepuscular and nocturnal in their activity (Kitchener, 1991), although they are well adapted to function in a wide range of light conditions (Sunquist & Sunquist, 2002). Numerous abiotic pressures and biotic interactions are known to shape the temporal behaviour of (cat-like) carnivores (Marinho et al., 2018), including changes in temperature (Beltran & Delibes, 1994; Podolski et al., 2013), light (Huck et al., 2017; Heurich et al., 2014) and season (Podolski et al., 2013; Manfredi et al., 2011), sex and reproductive status of the animal (Kolbe & Squires, 2007; Schmidt, 1999; Schmidt et al., 2009), predation risk (Caro, 2005; Farías et al., 2012) and human disturbance (Wolf & Ale, 2009; Ale & Brown, 2009). Owing to the dietary constraints of carnivores whose preys have their own well-defined circadian rhythms (Halle, 2000; Zielinski, 2000), the availability and vulnerability of prey is, however, considered as one of the main influences on predator temporal activity (Zielinski, 1988; Lodé, 1995). According to Optimal Foraging Theory, predators are expected to synchronize their daily activity with the activity of their most profitable prey, increasing the probability of encounters while reducing energy expenditure (MacArthur & Pianka, 1966; Monterroso et al., 2013; Emmons, 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Scorses by Ebert
    Scorsese by Ebert other books by An Illini Century roger ebert A Kiss Is Still a Kiss Two Weeks in the Midday Sun: A Cannes Notebook Behind the Phantom’s Mask Roger Ebert’s Little Movie Glossary Roger Ebert’s Movie Home Companion annually 1986–1993 Roger Ebert’s Video Companion annually 1994–1998 Roger Ebert’s Movie Yearbook annually 1999– Questions for the Movie Answer Man Roger Ebert’s Book of Film: An Anthology Ebert’s Bigger Little Movie Glossary I Hated, Hated, Hated This Movie The Great Movies The Great Movies II Awake in the Dark: The Best of Roger Ebert Your Movie Sucks Roger Ebert’s Four-Star Reviews 1967–2007 With Daniel Curley The Perfect London Walk With Gene Siskel The Future of the Movies: Interviews with Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and George Lucas DVD Commentary Tracks Beyond the Valley of the Dolls Casablanca Citizen Kane Crumb Dark City Floating Weeds Roger Ebert Scorsese by Ebert foreword by Martin Scorsese the university of chicago press Chicago and London Roger Ebert is the Pulitzer The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 Prize–winning film critic of the Chicago The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London Sun-Times. Starting in 1975, he cohosted © 2008 by The Ebert Company, Ltd. a long-running weekly movie-review Foreword © 2008 by The University of Chicago Press program on television, first with Gene All rights reserved. Published 2008 Siskel and then with Richard Roeper. He Printed in the United States of America is the author of numerous books on film, including The Great Movies, The Great 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 1 2 3 4 5 Movies II, and Awake in the Dark: The Best of Roger Ebert, the last published by the ISBN-13: 978-0-226-18202-5 (cloth) University of Chicago Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Lynx Lynx Canadensis Fact Sheet Natural Resources April 2011 Conservation Service
    Canada Lynx Lynx canadensis Fact Sheet Natural Resources April 2011 Conservation Service and seral lodgepole pine, is the primary vegetation type occupied. Cedar-hemlock forests may also be important. Mature forests with downed logs and windfalls provide cover for denning, escape, and protection from severe weather. Landscapes with a variety of forest age classes and cover types support large numbers of snowshoe hares for lynx foraging. Recent burns and cutting units may provide herbaceous summer foods for snowshoe hares and older, regenerating burns and cutting units provide Official Status: Threatened. woody browse for winter snowshoe hare Threatened species are species that are likely to populations. Cold, dry snow conditions give lynx a become endangered within the foreseeable future competitive advantage with their long legs and large throughout all or a significant portion of their range. feet, which act as snowshoes. Listed Federal Register Volume 63, No. 58, March 24, 2000. Historical Status The Canada lynx once occupied 16 of the contiguous United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado) as well as present day range in mountainous and boreal forest habitats throughout Canada and Alaska. Present Status Small populations of lynx remain in only three of the 16 contiguous states originally inhabited: Montana, Life History Washington, and Maine. If lynx still exist in any of Mating occurs through March and April; kittens are the other lower 48 states, they are very rare. born during May and June after a 62-day gestation Habitat period. Litter size averages 2 (1-4).
    [Show full text]